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Xiong LJ, Tian YF, Zhai CT, Li W. Application and Effectiveness of Chinese Medicine in Regulating Immune Checkpoint Pathways. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:1045-1056. [PMID: 37580466 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint molecules has emerged as a key approach in cancer treatment, representing the forefront of antitumor research. However, studies on immune checkpoint molecules have mainly focused on targeted therapies. Chinese medicine (CM) research as a complementary medicine has revealed that immune checkpoint molecules also undergo disease-specific changes in the context of autoimmune diseases. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of CM studies on immune checkpoint molecules in the last 5 years, with a focus on their role in different diseases and treatment modalities. CM research predominantly utilizes oral administration of herbal plant extracts or acupuncture techniques, which stimulate the immune system by activating specific acupoints through temperature and needling. In this study, we analyzed the modulation and mechanisms of immune checkpoint molecules associated with different coinhibitory and costimulatory molecules, and reviewed the immune functions of related molecules and CM studies in treating autoimmune diseases and tumors. By summarizing the characteristics and research value of CM in regulating immune checkpoint molecules, this review aims to provide a useful reference for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo-Jie Xiong
- College of Acupuncture, Massage and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yue-Feng Tian
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China.
| | - Chun-Tao Zhai
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Wei Li
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
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2
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Chen H, Zha J, Tang R, Chen G. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3): Solving a key puzzle in autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110418. [PMID: 37290326 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional immune cells participate in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune diseases, although the specific mechanisms remain elusive and effective clinical interventions are lacking. Recent research on immune checkpoint molecules has revealed significant expression of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3) on the surfaces of various immune cells. These include different subsets of T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and mast cells. Further investigation into its protein structure, ligands, and intracellular signaling pathway activation mechanisms has found that TIM-3, by binding with different ligands, is involved in the regulation of crucial biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, phenotypic transformation, effector protein synthesis, and cellular interactions of various immune cells. The TIM-3-ligand axis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of numerous conditions, including autoimmune diseases, infections, cancers, transplant rejection, and chronic inflammation. This article primarily focuses on the research findings of TIM-3 in the field of autoimmune diseases, with a special emphasis on the structure and signaling pathways of TIM-3, its types of ligands, and the potential mechanisms implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, as well as other autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. The latest research results in the field of immunology suggest that TIM-3 dysfunction affects various immune cells and participates in the pathogenesis of diseases. Monitoring the activity of its receptor-ligand axis can serve as a novel biological marker for disease clinical diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. More importantly, the TIM-3-ligand axis and the downstream signaling pathway molecules may become key targets for targeted intervention treatment of autoimmune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Immunology Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Zha
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runyan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Clinical Immunology Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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3
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Chen L, Qin Y, Lin B, Yu X, Zheng S, Zhou X, Liu X, Wang Y, Huang B, Jin J, Wang L. Clinical value of the sTim‑3 level in chronic kidney disease. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:606. [DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxiong Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, Affiliated Lin'an People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
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Gao YF, Lu YY, Fan XZ, Wang YH, Tian JH, Saed YA, Li RS, Zhou XS. Blockage of TIM-3 relieves lupus nephritis by expanding Treg cells and promoting their suppressive capacity in MRL/lpr mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108971. [PMID: 35777268 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
T Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Containing Protein-3 (TIM-3) is an important immune checkpoint protein that is expressed in Tregs and affects their function. However, the expression and role of TIM-3 in modulating regulatory T cells (Tregs) in lupus nephritis (LN) are still unknown. In this study, we found that the percentage of TIM-3+ cells among spleen lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells and Tregs was higher in MRL/lpr mice than in MpJ mice. TIM-3high CD4+ T cells and TIM-3high Tregs were mainly responsible for the increase. The percentage of Tregs in TIM-3high CD4+ T cells was lower than that in TIM-3low CD4+ T cells, and the expression of CTLA-4 and IL-10 was lower in TIM-3high Tregs than in the TIM-3low Tregs in MRL/lpr mice. Blockade of TIM-3 in vivo significantly increased the Treg population and the expression of CTLA-4 and IL-10 in Tregs, thus relieving the LN symptoms and pathology in MRL/lpr mice. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis indicated that TIM-3 regulates Treg cells in LN mainly through cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the T cell receptor signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation and the FoxO signaling pathway. Together, our study has demonstrated that TIM-3 regulates Tregs in LN and that overexpression of TIM-3 in CD4+ T cells and Tregs leads to Treg quantity and quality deficiency in MRL/lpr mice. Blockade of TIM-3 protects against LN by expanding Tregs and enhancing their suppressive capacity. Finally, TIM-3 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuan-Yue Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiu-Zhao Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ji-Hua Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yasin-Abdi Saed
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong-Shan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiao-Shuang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Chen L, Yu X, Lv C, Dai Y, Wang T, Zheng S, Qin Y, Zhou X, Wang Y, Pei H, Fang H, Huang B. Increase in Serum Soluble Tim-3 Level Is Related to the Progression of Diseases After Hepatitis Virus Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:880909. [PMID: 35646962 PMCID: PMC9133670 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.880909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundViral hepatitis is a widespread and serious infectious disease, and most patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are prone to viral infections. T cell immunoglobulin-and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) is an immune checkpoint molecule that negatively regulates T cell responses, playing an extremely important role in controlling infectious diseases. However, reports about the role of serum soluble Tim-3 (sTim-3) in hepatitis virus infection are limited. Therefore, this study explored changes in sTim-3 levels in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV).MethodsThis study applied high-sensitivity time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay for the detection of sTim-3 levels. A total of 205 cases of viral hepatitis infection (68 cases of HBV infection, 60 cases of HCV infection, and 77 cases of HEV virus infection) and 88 healthy controls were quantitatively determined. The changes in serum sTim-3 level and its clinical value in hepatitis virus infection were analyzed.ResultsPatients with HBV infection (14.00, 10.78–20.45 ng/mL), HCV infection (15.99, 11.83–27.00 ng/mL), or HEV infection (19.09, 10.85–33.93 ng/mL) had significantly higher sTim-3 levels than that in the healthy control group (7.69, 6.14–10.22 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). Patients with hepatitis and fibrosis infected with HBV (22.76, 12.82–37.53 ng/mL), HCV (33.06, 16.36–39.30 ng/mL), and HEV (28.90, 17.95–35.94 ng/mL) had significantly higher sTim-3 levels than patients with hepatitis without fibrosis (13.29, 7.75–17.28; 13.86, 11.48–18.64; 14.77, 9.79–29.79 ng/mL; P < 0.05).ConclusionsTim-3 level was elevated in patients infected with HBV, HCV, or HEV and gradually increased in patients with either hepatitis or hepatitis with hepatic fibrosis. It has a certain role in the evaluation of the course of a disease after hepatitis virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Lv
- Wuxi No.5 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yaping Dai
- Wuxi No.5 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Wuxi No.5 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Shaoxiong Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Pei
- Wuxi No.5 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Hao Pei,
| | - Hongming Fang
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Hongming Fang,
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Biao Huang,
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Lu C, Chen H, Wang C, Yang F, Li J, Liu H, Chen G. An Emerging Role of TIM3 Expression on T Cells in Chronic Kidney Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:798683. [PMID: 35154075 PMCID: PMC8825483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) was initially identified as an inhibitory molecule on IFNγ-producing T cells. Further research discovered the broad expression of TIM3 on different immune cells binding to multiple ligands. Apart from its suppressive effects on the Th1 cells, recent compelling experiments highlighted the indispensable role of TIM3 in the myeloid cell-mediated inflammatory response, supporting that TIM3 exerts pleiotropic effects on both adaptive and innate immune cells in a context-dependent manner. A large number of studies have been conducted on TIM3 biology in the disease settings of infection, cancer, and autoimmunity. However, there is a lack of clinical evidence to closely evaluate the role of T cell-expressing TIM3 in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we reported an intriguing case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection that was characterized by persistent overexpression of TIM3 on circulating T cells and ongoing kidney tubulointerstitial inflammation for a period of 12 months. In this case, multiple histopathological biopsies revealed a massive accumulation of recruited T cells and macrophages in the enlarged kidney and liver. After standard anti-Mtb treatment, repeated renal biopsy identified a dramatic remission of the infiltrated immune cells in the tubulointerstitial compartment. This is the first clinical report to reveal a time-course expression of TIM3 on the T cells, which is pathologically associated with the progression of severe kidney inflammation in a non-autoimmunity setting. Based on this case, we summarize the recent findings on TIM3 biology and propose a novel model of CKD progression due to the aberrant crosstalk among immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
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7
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Increased Tim-3 + monocytes/macrophages are associated with disease severity in patients with IgA nephropathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107666. [PMID: 34058623 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing protein-3 (Tim-3) plays multiple important roles in immune response and participates in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases by regulating macrophage polarization. However, its functions in the development of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are still unclear. In this study, changes in the relative levels of Tim-3+ monocytes/macrophages in peripheral blood and renal tissue, and their clinical significance in patients with IgAN were investigated. The expression of CD68 and Tim-3 in macrophages from patients with IgAN was determined via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining assays. Peripheral blood of 48 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN and 18 healthy controls (HCs) was collected to determine the frequency of circulating CD14+Tim-3+ cells using flow cytometry, before and after 24 weeks of prednisolone treatment. Serum interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The potential association between clinical signs and Tim-3+ monocytes/macrophages was analyzed. The percentages of circulating CD14+Tim-3+ monocytes were higher in samples from patients with IgAN than in those from HCs and were positively associated with the pathological features (segmental glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis) of IgAN, according to the Oxford classification. Tissue staining assays revealed cells positive for both CD68 and Tim-3 in tubulointerstitial lesions of IgAN patients. In addition, elevated levels of serum IL-10 and TNF-α were detected in these patients in comparison to HCs. Furthermore, the frequency of circulating CD14+Tim-3+ monocytes had a positive correlation with levels of 24-h urinary protein and serum IL-10, and was negatively associated with renal function. After 24 weeks of treatment with prednisolone, the percentages of CD14+Tim-3+ cells were significantly reduced. In summary, our findings indicate that Tim-3+ monocytes/macrophages might be involved in the pathogenesisof IgAN and could be used as a potential indicator to evaluate disease severity.
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Greisen SR, Deleuran B. Checkpoint Molecules in Rheumatology-or the Benefits of Being Exhausted. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:22. [PMID: 33651184 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will focus on the most common co-inhibitory molecules, emphasizing the importance of these in relation to rheumatic disease. RECENT FINDINGS Checkpoint molecules are pivotal in determining the outcome of antigen activation. Checkpoint molecules consist of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, where the first activates and the latter inhibits the antigen presentation process. Studies show that increased activity of co-inhibitory molecules is associated with a good prognosis in rheumatic diseases. Opposite, when cancer patients are treated with antibodies blocking the inhibitory pathways, autoimmune diseases, including arthritis, develop as immune-related adverse events (IrAE). This emphasizes the importance of these pathways in autoimmune disease. Co-inhibitory molecules are becoming increasingly interesting as future treatment targets in rheumatic conditions. Treatments with antibodies blocking these pathways result in IrAE, often manifesting as autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Therefore, a need to get acquainted with these molecules is growing so we can cope with future challenges in rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stinne Ravn Greisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou-building, C.F. Møllers Alle 6, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou-building, C.F. Møllers Alle 6, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Zhao D, Li C, Yang X, Yan W, Zhang Y. Elevated soluble Tim-3 correlates with disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 2021; 54:97-103. [PMID: 33641540 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2021.1891535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule-3(Tim-3) has been found to play important roles in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but whether sTim-3 is involved in the development of SLE remains unknown. In this study, we firstly observed an increased expression of plasma sTim-3 in SLE patients, especially active SLE patients. The plasma sTim-3 levels were positively correlated with anti-dsDNA, SLEDAI score, ESR, and urine albumin. The plasma sTim-3 levels were negatively correlated with C3 and C4. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values indicated that the plasma sTim-3 level was significantly discriminative of early active SLE from stable SLE and HC with high sensitivity and specificity. The present results suggest that sTim-3 might serve as a potential biomarker for promising the disease activity of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Marker Translational Medicine, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health, Ji'nan, China
| | - Chunhao Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Marker Translational Medicine, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health, Ji'nan, China
| | - Wenjiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Marker Translational Medicine, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health, Ji'nan, China
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10
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Nagai K. Co-inhibitory Receptor Signaling in T-Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Glomerulonephritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:584382. [PMID: 33251233 PMCID: PMC7672203 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.584382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune glomerulonephritis occurs as a consequence of autoantibodies and T-cell effector functions that target autoantigens. Co-signaling through cell surface receptors profoundly influences the optimal activation of T cells. The scope of this review is signaling mechanisms and the functional roles of representative T-cell co-inhibitory receptors in the regulation of autoimmune glomerulonephritis, along with current therapeutic challenges mainly on preclinical trials. Co-inhibitory receptors utilize both shared and unique signaling pathway, suggesting specialized functions that provide the rationale behind therapies for autoimmune glomerulonephritis by targeting these inhibitory receptors. These receptors largely suppress Th1 immunity, modify Th17 and Th2 immune response, and enhance Treg function. Anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) immunoglobulin (Ig), which is able to block both activating CD28 and inhibitory CTLA4 signaling, has been shown in preclinical and clinical investigations to have effects on glomerular disease. Other inhibitory receptors for treating glomerulonephritis have not been clinically tested, and efficacy of manipulating these pathways requires further preclinical investigation. While immune checkpoint inhibition using anti-CTLA4 antibodies and anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 antibodies has been approved for the treatment of several cancers, blockade of CTLA4 and PD-1/PD-L1 is associated with adverse effects that resemble autoimmune disorders, including systemic vasculitis. A renal autoimmune vasculitis model features an initial Th17 dominancy followed later by a Th1-dominant outcome and Treg cells that attenuate autoreactive T-cell function. Toward the development of effective therapies for T-cell-mediated autoimmune glomerulonephritis, it would be preferable to pay attention to the impact of the inhibitory pathways in immunological renal disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nagai
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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11
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Lu KL, Wu MY, Wang CH, Wang CW, Hung SI, Chung WH, Chen CB. The Role of Immune Checkpoint Receptors in Regulating Immune Reactivity in Lupus. Cells 2019; 8:E1213. [PMID: 31597242 PMCID: PMC6829486 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint receptors with co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals are important modulators for the immune system. However, unrestricted co-stimulation and/or inadequate co-inhibition may cause breakdown of self-tolerance, leading to autoimmunity. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex multi-organ disease with skewed and dysregulated immune responses interacting with genetics and the environment. The close connections between co-signaling pathways and SLE have gradually been established in past research. Also, the recent success of immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy illustrates the importance of the co-inhibitory receptors in cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, immune checkpoint blockade could result in substantial immune-related adverse events that mimic autoimmune diseases, including lupus. Together, immune checkpoint regulators represent viable immunotherapeutic targets for the treatment of both autoimmunity and cancer. Therefore, it appears reasonable to treat SLE by restoring the out-of-order co-signaling axis or by manipulating collateral pathways to control the pathogenic immune responses. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the relationships between SLE and the co-signaling pathways of T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, and highlight their potential clinical implications. Current clinical trials targeting the specific co-signaling axes involved in SLE help to advance such knowledge, but further in-depth exploration is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Lin Lu
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ying Wu
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hui Wang
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Wei Wang
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Iu Hung
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen 361000, China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Bing Chen
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (M.-Y.W.); , (C.-W.W.); (S.-I.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen 361000, China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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12
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Yang H, Xie T, Li D, Du X, Wang T, Li C, Song X, Xu L, Yi F, Liang X, Gao L, Yang X, Ma C. Tim-3 aggravates podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy by promoting macrophage activation via the NF-κB/TNF-α pathway. Mol Metab 2019; 23:24-36. [PMID: 30862474 PMCID: PMC6479760 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Macrophage-mediated inflammation plays a significant role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Studies suggest that T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) has complicated roles in regulating macrophage activation, but its roles in the progression of DN are still completely unknown. Methods We downregulated Tim-3 expression in kidney (intrarenal injection of Tim-3 shRNA expressing lentivirus or global Tim-3 knockout mice) and induced DN by streptozotocin (STZ). We analyzed the degree of renal injury, especially the podocyte injury induced by activated macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Then, we transferred different bone marrow derived macrophages (BMs) into STZ-induced Tim-3 knockdown mice to examine the effects of Tim-3 on macrophages in DN. Results First, we found that Tim-3 expression on renal macrophages was increased in patients with DN and in two diabetic mouse models, i.e. STZ-induced diabetic mice and db/db mice, and positively correlated with renal dysfunction of DN patients. Tim-3 deficiency ameliorated renal damage in STZ-induced diabetes with concurrent increase in protein levels of Nephrin and WT-1. Similar effects were observed in mice with Tim-3 knockdown diabetic mice. Second, adoptive transfer of Tim-3-expressing macrophages, but not Tim-3 knockout macrophages, accelerated diabetic renal injury in DN mice, suggesting a key role for Tim-3 on macrophages in the development of DN. Furthermore, we found NF-κB activation and TNF-α excretion were upregulated by Tim-3 in diabetic kidneys, and podocyte injury was associated with the Tim-3-mediated activation of the NF-κB/TNF-α signaling pathway in DN macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions These results suggest that Tim-3 functions as a key regulator in renal inflammatory processes and serves as a potential therapeutic target for renal injury in DN. Tim-3 aggravates the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) by triggering the NF-κB/TNF-α pathway in renal macrophages. Tim-3 highly expresses on renal macrophages has positive correlation with bad renal function of DN patients. Tim-3 expressed on macrophages accelerates podocyte injury in vitro and in vivo. Tim-3 functions as a key regulator in renal inflammatory processes and serves as a potential therapeutic target in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, PR China; Department of Nephropathy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Department of Nephropathy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dengren Li
- Department of Nephropathy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xianhong Du
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, PR China
| | - Tixiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, PR China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaojia Song
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, PR China
| | - Leiqi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Department of Nephropathy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan, PR China.
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13
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Jin L, Bai R, Zhou J, Shi W, Xu L, Sheng J, Peng H, Jin Y, Yuan H. Association of Serum T cell Immunoglobulin Domain and Mucin-3 and Interleukin-17 with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2018; 24:168-176. [PMID: 30348938 PMCID: PMC6213872 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.910949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-3 (Tim-3) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) are implicated in the development of several autoimmune diseases. However, it is unclear whether these proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate SLE patient serum Tim-3 and IL-17 levels, and to assess correlations between these proteins and major clinical parameters of SLE. Material/Methods Overall, 55 SLE patients and 55 healthy controls were recruited in a case-control study. Serum Tim-3 and IL-17 levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results Serum Tim-3 and IL-17 levels in SLE patients were significantly elevated relative to healthy controls (all P<0.05). Serum Tim-3 levels were significantly lower in SLE patients with nephritis than in those SLE without nephritis (P<0.05), while no statistically significant correlation between serum IL-17 and nephritis was detected (P>0.05). Serum Tim-3 with IL-17 levels were positively correlated in SLE patients (rs=0.817, P<0.01); however, no statistically significant correlation was found between serum Tim-3 or IL-17 levels and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) scores in those with SLE (all P>0.05). In addition, serum Tim-3 was associated with central lesions in SLE patients, while there were no significant correlations between serum Tim-3 or IL-17 levels and other SLE clinical parameters. Conclusions Increased serum Tim-3 and IL-17 levels and their clinical associations in SLE patients suggest their possible role in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lairun Jin
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Ran Bai
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Sheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Peng
- Administration Office of Hospital Admission and Discharge, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yuelong Jin
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Yuan
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
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14
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Liu H, Zhi L, Duan N, Su P. Abnormal expression of Tim-3 antigen on peripheral blood T cells is associated with progressive disease in osteosarcoma patients. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:807-15. [PMID: 27516959 PMCID: PMC4971836 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin‐domain‐3‐containing molecule 3 (TIM‐3) plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and has been found in various tumors. However, the prevalence and distribution of Tim‐3 in osteosarcoma (OS) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of Tim‐3 in OS. Tim‐3 on peripheral T cells from 82 OS patients and 60 healthy controls were examined by flow cytometry. Plasma levels of IL‐2, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α were measured by ELSIA. Tim‐3 on both CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells were significantly upregulated in OS patients compared with healthy controls, Tim‐3+ CD4+ T, and Tim‐3+ CD8+ T cells were both negatively associated with serum levels of IL‐2 and IFN‐γ and TNF‐α. In addition, Tim‐3 showed similar levels in patients with different tumor sites. Nevertheless, patients with advanced tumor stage, metastasis, and pathological tumor fracture displayed significantly higher Tim‐3 on both CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells than those with early tumor stage, without metastasis and pathological tumor fracture. Moreover, high Tim‐3 on peripheral CD4+ T cells or CD8+ T were significantly related to poor overall survival (P = 0.014, P = 0.035, respectively). In conclusion, Tim‐3 may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for OS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Department of Traumatic Osteopathic Xi'an Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine Shanxi China
| | - Liqiang Zhi
- Department of Articular Osteopathic Xi'an Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine Shanxi China
| | - Ning Duan
- Department of Traumatic Osteopathic Xi'an Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine Shanxi China
| | - Pengxiao Su
- Department of Surgery Xi'an Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine Shanxi China
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15
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Jiao Q, Qian Q, Zhao Z, Fang F, Hu X, An J, Wu J, Liu C. Expression of human T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-3 (TIM-3) and TIM-3 ligands in peripheral blood from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:553-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Shi Y, Wu W, Yang Y, Yang Q, Song G, Wu Y, Wei L, Chen Z. Decreased Tim-3 expression is associated with functional abnormalities of monocytes in decompensated cirrhosis without overt bacterial infection. J Hepatol 2015; 63:60-7. [PMID: 25701694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with advanced cirrhosis usually exhibit altered monocyte function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional changes of monocytes are poorly understood. METHODS We investigated the role of T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) in regulating monocyte function in 94 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (DC-LC) (decompensation was defined by ascites, hepatic encephalopathy or upper gastrointestinal bleeding), 58 with compensated liver cirrhosis (C-LC) and 52 healthy controls (HC) by characterizing the frequency of Tim-3(+) monocytes, their phagocytosis capacity, HLA-DR expression, cytokine secretion and MAP kinase activation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS Tim-3 expression on CD14(+) monocytes in DC-LC group were significantly lower than that in C-LC and HC and were associated with increased levels of plasma endotoxin, enhanced cytokine production, decreased phagocytic capacity, and reduced HLA-DR expression. Tim-3 expression on monocytes and monocyte function did not differ between C-LC and HC group. Tim-3(+)CD14(+) cells had more potent phagocytic capacity, higher levels of HLA-DR, CD86, CD80, CD163, and CD206 expression, but lower levels of CD1a and CD83, related to that of Tim-3(-)CD14(+) monocytes. In addition, Tim-3(+)CD14(+) cells produced less TNF-α but higher levels of IL-10 in response to LPS. Treatment with anti-Tim-3 antibody significantly reduced phagocytic capacity, but enhanced LPS-stimulated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 secretion. Furthermore, blocking Tim-3 signaling increased p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation in monocytes upon LPS stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of Tim-3 expression was associated with endotoxemia and functional alterations of monocytes in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhong Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Healthy Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wei
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Lab of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Yang X, Hu Z, Xia X, Zhen J, Zhuang X, Peng T. Expression of human T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-3 on kidney tissue from immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients. Immunol Res 2015; 60:85-90. [PMID: 24845464 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of human T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-3 (Tim-3) in renal tissue from patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and without IgAN and to evaluate the difference in Tim-3 expression between them. A total of 71 patients with IgAN as IgA group and 13 patients without IgAN as control group were enrolled in the present study. Patients in IgAN accepted percutaneous renal biopsy. We examined the expression of Tim-3 in renal tissue and the serological parameters in serum from all enrolled cases. The expression of Tim-3 and serological parameters were compared between the different groups. Positive staining of Tim-3 protein was seen in 94.3 % patients with IgAN (67 out of 71), but only 15.4 % (2 out of 13) in the cases without IgAN were positive staining of Tim-3. There were significant differences between two groups in almost all serological markers, which reflect IgAN activity. There was a nearly positive correlation between pathological manifestations and expression degree of Tim-3. High immuno-reactivity of Tim-3 was found to be significantly correlated with serological grade (p < 0.001) in IgA group, but there was no such phenomenon in control group. The results showed that there was the expression of Tim-3 in renal tissue from the patients with IgAN, but rarely expression in cases without IgAN. Expression of Tim-3 was associated with the diseases' activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, 250012, China
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18
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Jung JY, Suh CH. Incomplete clearance of apoptotic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenic role and potential biomarker. Int J Rheum Dis 2015; 18:294-303. [PMID: 25884792 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with repeated inflammation against multiple organs. Although its pathophysiology is not yet unveiled, uncleared apoptotic cells and their accumulation in tissue contribute to the autoimmune disturbance in SLE. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process, which maintains tissue homeostasis and inhibits the development of any further immune response against apoptotic remnants. Earlier studies revealed that various 'eat-me' signals on apoptotic cells, bridging molecules and their receptors on phagocytes play a role in such a complicated process. Tyro3-Axl-Mer receptors, their bridging molecules, milk fat globulin epidermal growth factor-8, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin domain protein family, scavenger receptors, C1q, and pentraxins were found to be abnormal in SLE. In this review, apoptosis and clearance of its remnants are summarized, and the molecules involved in the incomplete clearance of apoptotic cells in SLE are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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