1
|
Mamut R, Anwar G, Wang L, Fang J. The mitogenomes characterization of two Peltigera species (Peltigera elisabethae and Peltigera polydactylon) and comparative mitogenomic analyses of six Peltigera. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:819-829. [PMID: 37821790 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the mitochondrial genomes of Peltigera elisabethae and P. polydactylon were sequenced and assembled. The two mitogenomes were composed of circular DNA molecules, with sizes of 64,034 bp and 59,208 bp, respectively. Comparative analysis showed that the genome size, GC content, GC skew, and AT skew varied between the two mitochondrial genomes. In codon analysis, phenylalanine (Phe), isoleucine (Ile), and leucine (Leu) were most frequently used in six Peltigera genomes. Evolutionary analysis showed that all 14 protein-coding genes (PCGs) were subject to purifying selection in the six Peltigera species. Regarding gene rearrangement, the PCGs of Peltigera had the same gene sequence and gene content, and a few intron sequences and spacer sequences were rearranged in Peltigera. In the phylogenetic analysis, we used Bayesian and ML methods to construct a phylogenetic tree. Two phylogenetic trees with consistent topology with high support indicate that mitochondrial genes were reliable molecular markers for analyzing the phylogenetic relationships. The present study enriches the mitochondrial genome data of Peltigera and promotes further understanding of the genetics and evolution of the Peltigera genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyim Mamut
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, No.777 Huarui Street, Urumchi, 830017, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Gulmira Anwar
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, No.777 Huarui Street, Urumchi, 830017, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lidan Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, No.777 Huarui Street, Urumchi, 830017, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinjin Fang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, No.777 Huarui Street, Urumchi, 830017, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thakur M, Kasi IK, Islary P, Bhatti SK. Nutritional and Health-Promoting Effects of Lichens Used in Food Applications. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:555-566. [PMID: 37581862 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lichens have a huge significance which is used in nutrition due to the bioactive components within. Lichen is a nutrient-dense resourceful diet nearly every day meal and has long been used as food; also, these valuable natural resources are now being utilized for a wide range of other purposes. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the nutritional and edible qualities of lichens as well as the possible health benefits of lichens. It is interesting to note that lichen is a nutrient-dense and functional food. It is a nutritional resource that can mitigate the effects of malnutrition to some amount. RECENT FINDINGS There is an indication that an intake of lichens as natural foods was associated with nutritional and health-promoting properties. Lichens have proven to have theoretically rich nutritional value, and their extracts and active constituents have also been shown to have multiple health benefits. Low-fat content, high carbohydrate, and crude fibre content; plentiful mineral components; and good protein sources are all thought to contribute to lichen's nutritional value. There is a lot of potential for using lichens as an effective food source and ensuring people's food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Thakur
- Division Botany, Department of Bio-Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, 176041, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Indra Kumar Kasi
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Yaswant, Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pungbili Islary
- Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam, India
| | - Sayeeda Kousar Bhatti
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College Mendhar, Jammu and Kashmir, 185211, UT, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anwar G, Mamut R, Wang J. Characterization of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of the Five Peltigera and Comparative Analysis with Relative Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:969. [PMID: 37888225 PMCID: PMC10607270 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of five Peltigera species (Peltigera elisabethae, Peltigera neocanina, Peltigera canina, Peltigera ponojensis, Peltigera neckeri) were sequenced, assembled and compared with relative species. The five mitogenomes were all composed of circular DNA molecules, and their ranged from 58,132 bp to 69,325 bp. The mitochondrial genomes of the five Peltigera species contain 15 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNAs, 26-27 tRNAs and an unidentified open reading frame (ORF). The PCG length, AT skew and GC skew varied among the 15 PCGs in the five mitogenomes. Among the 15 PCGs, cox2 had the least K2P genetic distance, indicating that the gene was highly conserved. The synteny analysis revealed that the coding regions were highly conserved in the Peltigera mitochondrial genomes, but gene rearrangement occurred in the intergenic regions. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 14 PCGs showed that the 11 Peltigera species formed well-supported topologies, indicating that the protein-coding genes in the mitochondrial genome may be used as a reliable molecular tool in the study of the phylogenetic relationship of Peltigera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reyim Mamut
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi 830017, China; (G.A.); (J.W.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adenubi OT, Famuyide IM, McGaw LJ, Eloff JN. Lichens: An update on their ethnopharmacological uses and potential as sources of drug leads. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115657. [PMID: 36007717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lichens, a unique symbiotic association between an alga/cyanobacterium and a fungus, produce secondary metabolites that are a promising source of novel drug leads. The beauty and importance of lichens have not been adequately explored despite their manifold biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antiparasitic. AIM OF THE STUDY The present review collates and discusses the available knowledge on secondary metabolites and biological activities of lichens (in vitro and in vivo). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using relevant keywords (lichens, secondary metabolites, bioactivity, pharmacological activities), five electronic databases, namely ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Recent Literature on Lichens, were searched for past and current scientific contributions up until May 2022. Literature focusing broadly on the bioactivity of lichens including their secondary metabolites were identified and summarized. RESULTS A total of 50 review articles and 189 research articles were searched. Information related to antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and insecticidal activities of 90 lichen species (from 13 families) and 12 isolated metabolites are reported. Over 90% of the studies comprised in vitro investigations, such as bioassays evaluating radical scavenging properties, lipid peroxidation inhibition and reducing power, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial bioassays of lichen species and constituents. In vivo studies were scarce and available only in fish and rats. Most of the studies were done by research groups in Brazil, France, Serbia, India and Turkey. There were relatively few reports from Asia and Africa despite the ubiquitous nature of lichens and the high occurrence in these continents. CONCLUSION Secondary metabolites from lichens are worthy of further investigation in terms of their potential therapeutic applicability, including better understanding of their mechanism(s) of action. This would be of great importance in the search for novel drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola Tolulope Adenubi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Ibukun Michael Famuyide
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Lyndy Joy McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus Nicolaas Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar TK, Siva B, Anand A, Anusha K, Mohabe S, Reddy AM, Le Devehat F, Tiwari AK, Boustie J, Babu KS. Comprehensive Lichenometabolomic Exploration of Ramalina conduplicans Vain Using UPLC-Q-ToF-MS/MS: An Identification of Free Radical Scavenging and Anti-Hyperglycemic Constituents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196720. [PMID: 36235256 PMCID: PMC9570585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we propose ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS/MS)-guided metabolite isolation as a choice analytical approach to the ongoing structure−activity investigations of chemical isolates from the edible lichen, Ramalina conduplicans Vain. This strategy led to the isolation and identification of a new depside (5) along with 13 known compounds (1−4, 6−14), most of which being newly described in this lichen species. The structures of the isolates were established by detailed analysis of their spectral data (IR, NMR, and Mass). The acetone extract was further analyzed by UPLC-Q-ToF-MS/MS in a negative ionization mode, which facilitated the identification and confirmation of 18 compounds based on their fragmentation patterns. The antioxidant capacities of the lichen acetone extract (AE) and isolates were measured by tracking DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities. Most isolates displayed marked radical scavenging activities against ABTS while moderate activities were observed against DPPH radical scavenging. Except for atranol (14), oxidative DNA damage was limited by all the tested compounds, with a marked protection for the novel isolated compound (5), as previously noted for the acetone extract (p < 0.001). Furthermore, compound (4) and acetone extract (AE) have inhibited intestinal α-glucosidase enzyme significantly (p < 0.01). Although some phytochemical studies were already performed on this lichen, this study provided new insights into the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds, illustrating interest in future novel analytical techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatapudi Kiran Kumar
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bandi Siva
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ajay Anand
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Komati Anusha
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Satish Mohabe
- Department of Botany, Yogi Vemana University, Vemanapuram, Kadapa 516003, India
- Faculty of Sciences & IT, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal 462044, India
| | | | - Françoise Le Devehat
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Joël Boustie
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR6226, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (K.S.B.)
| | - Katragadda Suresh Babu
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (K.S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Y, Wang M, Xu B. A comprehensive review on secondary metabolites and health-promoting effects of edible lichen. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
7
|
In Vitro Antigenotoxic, Antihelminthic and Antioxidant Potentials Based on the Extracted Metabolites from Lichen, Candelariella vitellina. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050477. [PMID: 32456266 PMCID: PMC7285106 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens have recently received great attention due to their pharmacological potentials. The antigenotoxic potential of C. vitellina extract (25 and 50 µg/mL) was assessed in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) against Mitomycin C (MMC) co-treatments. Flow cytometric analyses of cell cycle distribution, as well as apoptosis (Annexin V/PI), revealed that the extract had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) ameliorated the MMC toxicity by reducing the apoptotic cells and normalized the cell cycle phases. C. vitellina exhibited antigenotoxicity by ameliorating the diminished mitotic index and DNA single-strand breaks caused by MMC. Herein, the hydromethanolic extract (80%) of Candelariella vitellina (Japan) lichen, exhibited very low cytotoxicity towards normal human peripheral lymphocytes (HPBL) with IC50 >1000 µg/mL. In order to explore the antihelminthic effect, Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces were used in vitro. Eosin staining revealed significant (p ≤ 0.05) dose and time-dependent scolicidal effects of the extract confirmed by degenerative alterations as observed by electron scan microscopy. Furthermore, primary and secondary metabolites were investigated using GC-MS and qualitative HPLC, revealing the presence of sugars, alcohols, different phenolic acids and light flavonoids. Significant antioxidant capacities were also demonstrated by DPPH radical-scavenging assay. In conclusion, the promising antigenotoxic, antihelminthic and antioxidant potentials of C. vitellina extract encourage further studies to evaluate its possible therapeutic potency.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yoshino K, Yamamoto K, Hara K, Sonoda M, Yamamoto Y, Sakamoto K. The conservation of polyol transporter proteins and their involvement in lichenized Ascomycota. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:318-329. [PMID: 30928040 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In lichen symbiosis, polyol transfer from green algae is important for acquiring the fungal carbon source. However, the existence of polyol transporter genes and their correlation with lichenization remain unclear. Here, we report candidate polyol transporter genes selected from the genome of the lichen-forming fungus (LFF) Ramalina conduplicans. A phylogenetic analysis using characterized polyol and monosaccharide transporter proteins and hypothetical polyol transporter proteins of R. conduplicans and various ascomycetous fungi suggested that the characterized yeast' polyol transporters form multiple clades with the polyol transporter-like proteins selected from the diverse ascomycetous taxa. Thus, polyol transporter genes are widely conserved among Ascomycota, regardless of lichen-forming status. In addition, the phylogenetic clusters suggested that LFFs belonging to Lecanoromycetes have duplicated proteins in each cluster. Consequently, the number of sequences similar to characterized yeast' polyol transporters were evaluated using the genomes of 472 species or strains of Ascomycota. Among these, LFFs belonging to Lecanoromycetes had greater numbers of deduced polyol transporter proteins. Thus, various polyol transporters are conserved in Ascomycota and polyol transporter genes appear to have expanded during the evolution of Lecanoromycetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanami Yoshino
- Division of Environmental Horticulture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-0092, Japan.
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- Tochigi Prefectural Museum, 2-2 Mutsumi-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0865, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Hara
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-nishi, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Sonoda
- Division of Environmental Horticulture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-0092, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Yamamoto
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-nishi, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Sakamoto
- Division of Environmental Horticulture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-0092, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Potential of Lichen Compounds as Antidiabetic Agents with Antioxidative Properties: A Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2079697. [PMID: 28491237 PMCID: PMC5405387 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2079697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The advancement in the knowledge of potent antioxidants has uncovered the way for greater insight in the treatment of diabetic complications. Lichens are a rich resource of novel bioactive compounds and their antioxidant potential is well documented. Herein we review the antidiabetic potential of lichens which have received considerable attention, in the recent past. We have correlated the antidiabetic and the antioxidant potential of lichen compounds. The study shows a good accordance between antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of lichens and points out the need to look into gathering the scarce and scattered data on biological activities for effective utilization. The review establishes that the lichen extracts, especially of Parmotrema sp. and Ramalina sp. have shown promising potential in both antidiabetic and antioxidant assays. Ubiquitous compounds, namely, zeorin, methylorsellinate, methyl-β-orcinol carboxylate, methyl haematommate, lecanoric acid, salazinic acid, sekikaic acid, usnic acid, gyrophoric acid, and lobaric acid have shown promising potential in both antidiabetic as well as antioxidant assays highlighting their potential for effective treatment of diabetic mellitus and its associated complications. The available compilation of this data provides the future perspectives and highlight the need for further studies of this potent herbal source to harvest more beneficial therapeutic antidiabetic drugs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Molina MC, Divakar PK, González N. Success in the isolation and axenic culture of Anaptychia ciliaris (Physciaceae, Lecanoromycetes) mycobiont. MYCOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
Şahin S, Oran S, Şahintürk P, Demir C, Öztürk Ş. R
amalina
Lichens and Their Major Metabolites as Possible Natural Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Şahin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Uludag; 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Seyhan Oran
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Arts and Science; University of Uludag; 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Pınar Şahintürk
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Cevdet Demir
- Department of Chemistry; University of Uludag; 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Şule Öztürk
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Arts and Science; University of Uludag; 16059 Bursa Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moreira ASN, Braz-Filho R, Mussi-Dias V, Vieira IJC. Chemistry and biological activity of ramalina lichenized fungi. Molecules 2015; 20:8952-87. [PMID: 25996207 PMCID: PMC6272487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens are a form of symbiont between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium, which contains a wide variety of organic compounds with certain secondary metabolite classes typical of these organisms. The Ramalina genus has approximately 246 species distributed around the World, of which in this review approximately 118 species with published chemical or biological activity studies of extracts or isolated compounds were cited. From the 153 mentioned compounds, only 27 passed were tested for biological activity, being usnic acid the most studied compound and the one showing the best results in almost all in vitro tests performed, although other compounds also presented excellent results as antimicrobial, antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents, among others. Extracts of several species also presented significant results in performed biological tests, demonstrating the potential that these organisms have, in particular, the gender Ramalina, to produce bioactive molecules that can be used as a model for the production of pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Sérgio Nascimento Moreira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, UENF, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal Fluminense, IFF, Avenida Souza Mota 350, Parque Fundão, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28060-010 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Raimundo Braz-Filho
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, UENF, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Vicente Mussi-Dias
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, UENF, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ivo José Curcino Vieira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, UENF, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li SP, Xie WL, Cai HH, Cai JY, Yang PH. Hydroxyl radical scavenging mechanism of human erythrocytes by quercetin-germanium (IV) complex. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:28-34. [PMID: 22579957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is a popular flavonoid in plant foods, herbs, and dietary supplement. Germanium, a kind of trace elements, can enhance the body immunity. This study investigated the hydroxyl-radical-scavenging mechanism of the quercertin-germanium (IV) (Qu-Ge) complex to human erythrocytes, especially the effects on ultrastructure and mechanical properties of cell membrane, plasma membrane potential and intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration. Results showed that QuGe(2), a kind of the Qu-Ge complex, could reduce the oxidative damage of erythrocytes, change the cell-surface morphology, and partly recover the disruption of plasma membrane potential and intracellular free Ca(2+) level. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the changes of the cell morphology, cell-membrane ultrastructure and biophysical properties at nanoscalar level. QuGe(2) has triggered the antioxidative factor to inhibit cellular damage. These results can improve the understanding of hydroxyl-radical-scavenging mechanism of human erythrocytes induced by the Qu-Ge complex, which can be potentially developed as a new antioxidant for treatment of oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Pu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Studies on nutritional requirement for the culture of lichen Ramalina nervulosa and Ramalina pacifica to enhance the production of antioxidant metabolites. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 57:107-14. [PMID: 22351563 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present report, nutritional requirement for the culture of two lichen species Ramalina nervulosa and Ramalina pacifica were studied in order to enhance their growth rate and antioxidant metabolite production. Extract of R. nervulosa cultured in Bold's basal medium (BBM) showed higher antioxidant activity than R. pacifica cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The lichen species were sub-cultured in standardized nutrient media. R. nervulosa in BBM (1% glucose, 50 ppb asparagines, pH 6.5) yielded 2.76 g biomass with 26.18 mg sekikaic acid, 24.32 mg usnic acid/g dry biomass in a period of 60 days. R. pacifica in MS media (3% sucrose, 100 ppb thiamine, pH 5.9) yielded 3.54 g biomass and 58.92 mg salazinic acid, 40.16 mg usnic acid in the same time period. The standardized culture conditions implemented on bioreactor, R. nervulosa yielded 17.7 g biomass with the production of sekikaic acid 122.8 mg, usnic acid 75.4 mg in 4.5 days. R. pacifica produced 10.3 g biomass along with salazinic acid 200 mg and usnic acid 136.8 mg in the same duration. Lichen secondary metabolites produced in bioreactor showed moderate antioxidant activity; sekikaic acid 42% to 56.4%; salazinic acid 33.6% to 41.9% and usnic acid 19.9% to 29.5%.
Collapse
|