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Kaikkonen P, Pasanen K, Parkkari J, Mustakoski I, Vasankari T, Leppänen M. Recovery of heart rate and heart rate variability after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test in novice female runners. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05580-6. [PMID: 39172241 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown delayed cardiac vagal reactivation after high-intensity endurance exercise when estimated with heart rate variability (HRV). However, the recovery dynamics of RR intervals (RRI) and HRV after a maximal incremental exercise test have been studied less in non-athletic population and especially in females. The main aim of the study was to examine the recovery dynamics of RRI and HRV immediately after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in adult females. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy, novice recreational female runners (33.7 ± 4.2 years) were selected to participate in this study from a larger group of participants (Run RCT). RRIs were collected continuously during a controlled rest, a CPET on a treadmill and a 15-min controlled, passive recovery. Minute-by-minute recovery dynamics were analyzed. RESULTS The dynamic phase of RRI and heart rate recovery (HRR) (from 192.2 ± 9.9 to 111.4 ± 2.4, P < 0.001) occurred during the first 4.5 min with HRR of 36 ± 10 beats during the first minute of the recovery. Resting heart rate was negatively associated (r = - 0.53, P = 0.016) with HRR during the recovery. No recovery of root mean square of successive RRIs (RMSSD) was detected during the 15-min recovery. RMSSD was 15.0 ± 9.2% of resting values at the end of the recovery. CONCLUSION No recovery of vagal-derived HRV was detected immediately after a CPET in novice recreational female runners despite marked changes in sympathovagal balance, detected by rapid recovery of RRI during the first 5 min after exercise cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia Kaikkonen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, 33500, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, 33500, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Iida Mustakoski
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, 33500, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Leppänen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, 33500, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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da Fonseca RX, Gomes da Cruz CJ, Soares EDMKVK, Garcia GL, Porto LGG, Molina GE. Post-exercise heart rate recovery and its speed are associated with resting-reactivity cardiovagal modulation in healthy women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5526. [PMID: 38448470 PMCID: PMC10917800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51842-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to expand upon prior investigations of the relationship between post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) and cardiovagal resting-reactivity modulation. HRR from 1st to 5th min after maximal exercise test was correlated with a cardiovagal index of heart rate variability (SD1) at resting (supine and orthostatic positions) and its reactivity after the orthostatic stress test in 34 healthy women. Statistical analysis employed non-parametric tests with a p-value set at 5%. HRR, ∆%HRR, and coefficient of HRR (CHRR) at the 3rd and 5th min correlated with SD1 and SD1n (normalized units) in the supine position (rs = 0.36 to 0.47; p = < 0.01). From the 1st to 5th min, HRR, ∆%HRR, and CHRR correlated with SD1 and SD1n in the orthostatic position (rs = 0.29 to 0.47; p = ≤ 0.01 to 0.05), except for HRR at 5th min with SD1n (p = 0.06). Following the orthostatic stress test, HRR at 3rd and HRR, %∆HRR at 5th min correlated with ∆absSD1 (rs = 0.28 to 0.35; p = 0.02 to 0.05). All HRR measurements at 1st min correlated with ∆absSD1n (rs = 0.32 to 0.38; p = 0.01 to 0.03), and the CHRR at 1st min correlated with ∆%SD1(rs = 0.37; p = 0.01). After the sample was divided into high and low cardiovagal modulation subgroups, the subgroup with high modulation at rest (supine and orthostatic) and higher cardiovagal reactivity (reduction) showed faster HRR (p = ≤ 0.01 to 0.05; ES:0.37 to 0.50). HRR throughout the 1st to 5th min positively correlates with cardiovagal modulation in the orthostatic position, and the 3rd and 5th min positively correlate with cardiovagal modulation in both postures at rest. Faster HRR following the maximal exercise test is associated with high resting-reactivity cardiovagal modulation in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Xavier da Fonseca
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos Janssen Gomes da Cruz
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- University Center Euro Americano, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Edgard de Melo Keene Von Koening Soares
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Skidemore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Giliard Lago Garcia
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- University Center Institute of Higher Education of Brasília - IESB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Grossi Porto
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Eckhardt Molina
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Hidouri S, Driss T, Tagougui S, Kammoun N, Chtourou H, Hammouda O. Sensor-Based Assessment of Time-of-Day-Dependent Physiological Responses and Physical Performances during a Walking Football Match in Higher-Weight Men. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:909. [PMID: 38339626 PMCID: PMC10856934 DOI: 10.3390/s24030909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring key physiological metrics, including heart rate and heart rate variability, has been shown to be of value in exercise science, disease management, and overall health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diurnal variation of physiological responses and physical performances using digital biomarkers as a precise measurement tool during a walking football match (WFM) in higher-weight men. Nineteen males (mean age: 42.53 ± 12.18 years; BMI: 33.31 ± 4.31 kg·m-2) were engaged in a WFM at two different times of the day. Comprehensive evaluations of physiological parameters (e.g., cardiac autonomic function, lactate, glycemia, and oxygen saturation), along with physical performance, were assessed before, during, and after the match. Overall, there was a significant interaction (time of day x WFM) for mean blood pressure (MBP) (p = 0.007) and glycemia (p = 0.039). Glycemia decreased exclusively in the evening after WFM (p = 0.001), while mean blood pressure did not significantly change. Rating of perceived exertion was significantly higher in the evening than in the morning (p = 0.04), while the heart rate recovery after 1 min (HRR60s) of the match was lower in the evening than in the morning (p = 0.048). Overall, walking football practice seems to be safe, whatever the time of day. Furthermore, HRR60, glycemia, and (MBP) values were lower in the evening compared to the morning, suggesting that evening exercise practice could be safer for individuals with higher weight. The utilization of digital biomarkers for monitoring health status during WFM has been shown to be efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Hidouri
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3026, Tunisia; (S.H.); (O.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, 92001 Nanterre, France
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, 92001 Nanterre, France
| | - Sémah Tagougui
- EA7369–URePSSS, Pluridisciplinary Research Unit, “Sport, Health and Society”, University of Lille, University of Artois, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Noureddine Kammoun
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (N.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (N.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3026, Tunisia; (S.H.); (O.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, 92001 Nanterre, France
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Dzikowicz DJ, Carey MG. Correlates of Autonomic Function, Hemodynamics, and Physical Activity Performance During Exercise Stress Testing Among Firefighters. Biol Res Nurs 2023; 25:382-392. [PMID: 36446383 PMCID: PMC10404907 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221143508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autonomic dysfunction is an important propagator of cardiometabolic disease and can be measured using multiple metrics such as heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate recovery (HRR). The relationships between HRV and HRR have not been fully examined, nor have the relationships between HRV, HRR, and other physiological measures linked to cardiometabolic disease (e.g., blood pressure recovery). Evaluation of these additional relationships may provide new insights into the association between autonomic function and cardiometabolic disease especially among high-risk groups like firefighters. METHODS 92 firefighters (96% male, 81% white) without overt cardiovascular disease underwent exercise testing with continuous heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) monitoring. HRR was the difference between maximal HR and HR 1-minute post-exercise; BP recovery (BPR) was the difference between maximal BP and BP 2-minute post-exercise. Afterwards, participants underwent 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring to measure HRV. Unadjusted Spearman correlations and adjusted partial Spearman correlations were computed. Between group analyses were also conducted with Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Associations between HRV and HRR poorly converged (RMSSD and HRR, unadjusted = 0.235; adjusted = 0.144). SDNN Index exhibited the strongest association with parasympathetic tone exhibited by overall lower HRs (unadjusted = -0.600; adjusted = -0.631). HRR demonstrated stronger associations with systolic and diastolic BP responses during exercise (SBP Recovery unadjusted = 0.267; adjusted = 0.297; DBP Recovery unadjusted = -0.276; adjusted = -0.232). CONCLUSIONS Overall, while HRV metrics converged and were associated with lower resting heart rates, HRV and HRR poorly converged. Interestingly, HRR was related with measures of hemodynamics indicating a potential relationship with vascular function during both maximal exercise and exercise recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J. Dzikowicz
- Dillon J. Dzikowicz, MS, RN, PCCN, CMC, University of Rochester School of Nursing, 255 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
| | - Mary G. Carey
- University of Rochester School of Nursing, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Morlin MT, da Cruz CJG, Guimarães FER, da Silva RAS, Porto LGG, Molina GE. High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Different Types of Exercises on Cardiac Autonomic Function. An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study in CrossFit ® Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:634. [PMID: 36612955 PMCID: PMC9819219 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It is well established that endurance exercise has positive effects on cardiac autonomic function (CAF). However, there is still a dearth of information about the effects of regular high-intensity interval training combined with different types of exercises (HIITCE) on CAF. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare CAF at rest, its reactivity, and reactivation following maximal exercise testing in HIITCE and endurance athletes. METHODS An observational study was conducted with 34 male athletes of HIITCE (i.e., CrossFit®) [HG: n = 18; 30.6 ± 4.8 years] and endurance athletes (i.e., triathlon) [TG.: n = 16; 32.8 ± 3.6 years]. We analyzed 5 min of frequency-domain indices (TP, LF, HF, LFn, HFn, and LF/HF ratio) of heart rate variability (HRV) in both supine and orthostatic positions and its reactivity after the active orthostatic test. Post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) was assessed at 60, 180, and 300 s. Statistical analysis employed a non-parametric test with a p-value set at 5%. RESULTS The HG showed reduced HFn and increased LFn modulations at rest (supine). Overall cardiac autonomic modulation (TP) at supine and all indices of HRV at the orthostatic position were similar between groups. Following the orthostatic test, the HG showed low reactivity for all HRV indices compared to TG. After the exercise, HRR does not show a difference between groups at 60 s. However, at 180 and 300 s, an impairment of HRR was observed in HG than in TG. CONCLUSION At rest (supine), the HG showed reduced parasympathetic and increased sympathetic modulation, low reactivity after postural change, and impaired HRR compared to TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Teles Morlin
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- GEAFS—Research Group on Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos Janssen Gomes da Cruz
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- GEAFS—Research Group on Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Performance and Healthy, Faculty of Physical Education, Euro American University Center, Brasilia 70200-001, DF, Brazil
| | - Freddy Enrique Ramos Guimarães
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- GEAFS—Research Group on Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Goiano Federal Institute, Campus Morrinhos, Morrinhos 75650-000, GO, Brazil
| | - Renato André Sousa da Silva
- Laboratory of Physical Performance and Healthy, Faculty of Physical Education, Euro American University Center, Brasilia 70200-001, DF, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Grossi Porto
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- GEAFS—Research Group on Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Eckhardt Molina
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- GEAFS—Research Group on Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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Garcia GL, Porto LGG, da Cruz CJG, Molina GE. Can resting heart rate explain the heart rate and parasympathetic responses during rest, exercise, and recovery? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277848. [PMID: 36477005 PMCID: PMC9728889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of resting heart rate (RHR) on the heart rate (HR) dynamics and parasympathetic modulation at rest, exercise, and recovery remain to be clarified. This study compares HR and parasympathetic responses at rest, during submaximal exercise testing and recovery in young, physically active men with different RHR average values. HR and parasympathetic responses were compared between two groups: bradycardia group-RHR < 60 bpm (BG, n = 20) and normocardia group-RHR ≥ 60 ≤ 100 bpm (NG, n = 20). A Polar RS800® was used to record the RR-interval series and HR at rest in the supine position, following the postural change (from supine to orthostatic position) and in the orthostatic position for 5 minutes, as well as during and after a submaximal exercise testing. Statistical analysis employed the MANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and Simple Linear regression test with a two-tailed p-value set at ≤ 0.05. BG at rest showed lower HR in the orthostatic position, higher parasympathetic activity in the supine and orthostatic positions, and higher parasympathetic reactivity than NG (p ≤ 0.01) after the postural change. BG before exercise showed lower HR and higher values of the chronotropic reserve and parasympathetic withdrawal than NG (p ≤ 0.01) throughout the exercise. Following the exercise, BG showed higher values of HR recovery (HRR) and parasympathetic reactivation in the 3rd and 5th minutes of recovery than NG (p ≤ 0.01). Lastly, the RHR can explain the variance of the HR at rest, during exercise testing, and recovery from 11 to 48%. We concluded that BG (RHR < 60 bpm) showed higher chronotropic and parasympathetic modulation at rest, higher chronotropic reserve, parasympathetic withdrawal during the submaximal exercise test, and faster HRR and parasympathetic reactivation after effort in young physically active men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giliard Lago Garcia
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory of Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity (GEAFS)—University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Luiz Guilherme Grossi Porto
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory of Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity (GEAFS)—University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Janssen Gomes da Cruz
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory of Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity (GEAFS)—University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Eckhardt Molina
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory of Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Research Group in Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity (GEAFS)—University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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Analysis of Short-Term Heart Rate Asymmetry in High-Performance Athletes and Non-Athletes. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14061229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate asymmetry (HRA) refers to how asymmetrically the acceleration and deceleration patterns in heartbeat fluctuations are distributed. There is limited evidence regarding HRA changes in athletes and their association with autonomic regulation. This study aimed to compare the short-term HRA of high-performance athletes and non-athletes during an autonomic function test by calculating relevant HRA measures. This exploratory study obtained beat-to-beat RR interval time series from 15 high-performance athletes and 12 non-athletes during a standardized autonomic function test. This test includes rest, postural change, controlled respiration, prolonged orthostatism, exercise, and recovery phases. The following HRA parameters were computed from the RR time series for both groups: asymmetric spread index (ASI), slope index (SI), Porta’s index (PI), Guzik’s index (GI), and Ehlers’ index (EI). We found significant differences (p < 0.01) in the mean value of several HRA parameters between athletes and non-athletes and across the autonomic function test phases, mainly in postural change and recovery phases. Our results indicate that high-performance athletes manifest a higher number and magnitude of cardiac decelerations than non-athletes after an orthostatic challenge, as indicated by GI and EI. In addition, lower HRA was found in athletes in the recovery phase than in non-athletes, as indicated by ASI.
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Finding a rhythm: Relating ultra-short-term heart rate variability measures in healthy young adults during rest, exercise, and recovery. Auton Neurosci 2022; 239:102953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang Y, Ma M, He L. Comment on "Nuances between sedentary behavior and physical inactivity: cardiometabolic effects and cardiovascular risk". REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2022; 68:299-300. [PMID: 35442351 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20211189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangfen Zhang
- Taizhou University, School of Medicine - Taizhou, China
| | - Meilin Ma
- Taizhou University, School of Medicine - Taizhou, China
| | - Lianping He
- Taizhou University, School of Medicine - Taizhou, China
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Ishaque S, Khan N, Krishnan S. Trends in Heart-Rate Variability Signal Analysis. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:639444. [PMID: 34713110 PMCID: PMC8522021 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.639444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is the rate of variability between each heartbeat with respect to time. It is used to analyse the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), a control system used to modulate the body's unconscious action such as cardiac function, respiration, digestion, blood pressure, urination, and dilation/constriction of the pupil. This review article presents a summary and analysis of various research works that analyzed HRV associated with morbidity, pain, drowsiness, stress and exercise through signal processing and machine learning methods. The points of emphasis with regards to HRV research as well as the gaps associated with processes which can be improved to enhance the quality of the research have been discussed meticulously. Restricting the physiological signals to Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electrodermal activity (EDA), photoplethysmography (PPG), and respiration (RESP) analysis resulted in 25 articles which examined the cause and effect of increased/reduced HRV. Reduced HRV was generally associated with increased morbidity and stress. High HRV normally indicated good health, and in some instances, it could signify clinical events of interest such as drowsiness. Effective analysis of HRV during ambulatory and motion situations such as exercise, video gaming, and driving could have a significant impact toward improving social well-being. Detection of HRV in motion is far from perfect, situations involving exercise or driving reported accuracy as high as 85% and as low as 59%. HRV detection in motion can be improved further by harnessing the advancements in machine learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syem Ishaque
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naimul Khan
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sri Krishnan
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zhang M, Zhai Y. A DETECTION SYSTEM OF EXERCISE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127042021_0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: A new exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) detection system was investigated in this study to diagnose and analyze cardiopulmonary function and related diseases in a comprehensive and timely manner and improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Besides, its reliability and clinical applicability were judged. Objective: A new type of exercise ECG detection system was constructed by adding parameters such as respiratory mechanics, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentration monitoring based on the traditional ECG detection system. Methods: The new system constructed in this study carried out the ECG signal detection, ECG acquisition module, blood pressure and respiratory mechanics detection and conducted a standard conformance test. Results: The heart rate accuracy detected by the exercise ECG system was greatly higher than that of the doctor's manual detection (P < 0.05). The accuracy of the new exercise ECG detection system increased obviously in contrast to that of the manual detection result (P < 0.05). The key technical index input noise and input impedance test results (24.5 μV and 12.4 MΩ) of the exercise ECG detection system conformed to the standard (< 30 μV and > 2.5 MΩ). The common-mode rejection and sampling rate test results (103.5 dB and 515 Hz) of key technical indicators in the exercise ECG detection system were all in line with the standards (≥89 dB and ≥500 Hz). Conclusion: The complete exercise ECG detection system was constructed through the ECG acquisition module, blood pressure detection, and respiratory mechanics detection module. In addition, this system could be applied to detect ECG monitoring indicators with high accuracy and reliability, which could also be extensively adopted in clinical diagnosis. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Farah NM, Amran AD, Che Muhamed AM. Attenuation of stress-induced cardiovascular reactivity following high-intensity interval exercise in untrained males. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2755-2762. [PMID: 34323655 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1957294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Exaggerated cardiovascular (CV) reactivity to stress is associated with negative cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) on CV reactivity in response to a stress challenge in untrained males. Thirteen, normotensive males (age: 22.8 ± 2 years, BMI: 21.9 ± 3.6 kg/m2) underwent three conditions in counterbalanced order: HIIE (bodyweight exercises; 80-90% HRR), MIE (treadmill-jog; 55-60% HRR) and seated rest (CON) separated by 7-10 days. Thirty minutes after performing HIIE, MIE or CON, subjects underwent a 2-min cold pressor task (CPT). Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before, during, and after CPT. CV reactivity, i.e., the change in BP and HR responses were compared across conditions. Systolic BP reactivity were attenuated following HIIE (-60%, p = 0.015) and MIE (-42%, p = 0.033) compared to CON, but no differences were observed between HIIE and MIE. HR reactivity was not different across all conditions. We conclude that performing HIIE or MIE 30 minutes prior to acute stress exposure lowers BP reactivity compared to rest in untrained males. These findings highlight the potential benefits of HIIE in lowering stress-induced elevations in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Mf Farah
- Center for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amerull Daneal Amran
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed
- Lifestyle Science Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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13
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Molina GE, da Cruz CJG, Fontana KE, Soares EMKVK, Porto LGG, Junqueira LF. Post-exercise heart rate recovery and its speed are associated with cardiac autonomic responsiveness following orthostatic stress test in men. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2021; 55:220-226. [PMID: 33517781 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2021.1879394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The present study sought to expand upon prior investigations of the relationship between the post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) and the cardiac autonomic responsiveness after orthostatic stress test.Method: HRR at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th min after maximal exercise test were correlated with relative change (Δ%) of time-domain (CV, pNN50, and rMSSD) and frequency-domain (TP, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio) indices of heart rate variability (HRV) after active orthostatic test in 46 healthy men. Statistical analysis employed non-parametric tests with a p-value set at 5%.Results: HRR at 1st min correlated with Δ%pNN50 (rs:0.36 - p = .02). In the 3rd and 5th min, these measures correlated with Δ%pNN50, Δ%rMSSD, Δ%CV, Δ%TP, and Δ%HF indices (rs:0.33, 0.59 - p ≤ .05). Coefficient of HRR at the 1st min correlated with Δ%pNN50, Δ%rMSSD, and Δ%HF (rs:0.28, 0.45 - p ≤ .05). The 3rd and 5th min showed correlation with Δ%pNN50, Δ%rMSSD, Δ%HF, Δ%CV, and Δ%TP (rs:0.37, 0.64 - p ≤ .05). No correlation was found with indices combined sympathetic-parasympathetic modulation and HRR. After the sample was divided into high and low parasympathetic responsiveness subgroups after the orthostatic test, faster HRR was associated with the degree of parasympathetic responsiveness (reduction) following postural change (p ≤ .05).Conclusion: HRR throughout the 1st to 5th min is positively correlated with parasympathetic responsiveness and overall cardiac autonomic modulation of HRV after the orthostatic stress test, and faster HRR is positively correlated with the relative degree of parasympathetic responsiveness after the active postural change at rest in healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme E Molina
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Cardiovascular Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Area, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carlos J G da Cruz
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Cardiovascular Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Area, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Keila E Fontana
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Edgard M K V K Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme G Porto
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Cardiovascular Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Area, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Sports medicine: bespoke player management. Digit Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818914-6.00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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15
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Bechke E, Kliszczewicz B, McLester C, Tillman M, Esco M, Lopez R. An examination of single day vs. multi-day heart rate variability and its relationship to heart rate recovery following maximal aerobic exercise in females. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14760. [PMID: 32901083 PMCID: PMC7479577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of a single day measure of heart rate variability (HRV), and the averaged baseline measures of HRV to heart rate recovery (HRR) following maximal exercise. Thirty females (22.9 ± 3.2 years, 64.8 ± 8.4 kg) completed four visits (V1-V4), where a 10-min HRV was recorded. Upon completing the V4 recording, a treadmill graded exercise test (GXT) was performed, followed by a 5-min active cool down. HRV was assessed through time domain measures [natural log of root mean square of successive R-R differences (lnRMSSD) and standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (lnSDNN)] and natural log frequency domain measures [low frequency (lnLF) and high frequency (lnHF)]. Variables collected over V1-V4 were measured as; day of (DO) GXT, 3 day (AV3), and 4 day average (AV4). HRR was calculated as the maximal HR achieved minus the HR at: 30-s (HRR30), 1-min (HRR1), 2-min (HRR2), 3-min (HRR3), 4-min (HRR4) or 5-min (HRR5) of recovery. Pearson's Product correlations revealed significant correlations (P = < 0.05) between all HRVDO measures to each HRR measure and are presented in ranges: lnSDNN (r = 0.442-0.522), lnRMSSD (r = 0.458-0.514), lnLF (r = 0.368-0.469), lnHF (r = 0.422-0.493). For HRVAV3, lnRMSSDAV3 and HRR1 were positively correlated (r = 0.390, P = 0.033). Last, HRVAV4 showed positive relationships (P = < 0.05) between lnRMSSDAV4 and HRR30 (r = 0.365, P = 0.048); and for HRR1 and lnSDNNAV4 (r = 0.400, P = 0.029), lnRMSSDAV4 (r = 0.442, P = 0.014), and lnHFAV4 (r = 0.368, P = 0.045); and lnRMSSDAV4 and HRR3 (r = 0.381, P = 0.038). Within the current study HRVDO displayed the strongest correlations to HRR therefore, averaged resting HRV measures do not strengthen the prediction of cardiovascular recovery following a GXT in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bechke
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1400 Spring Garden St., Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA
| | - Brian Kliszczewicz
- Kennesaw State University, 520 Parliament Garden Way NW, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA.
| | - Cherilyn McLester
- Kennesaw State University, 520 Parliament Garden Way NW, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Mark Tillman
- Kennesaw State University, 520 Parliament Garden Way NW, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Michael Esco
- The University of Alabama, 101 8th St., Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA
| | - Roxanna Lopez
- Kennesaw State University, 520 Parliament Garden Way NW, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
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Sarshin A, Naderi A, da Cruz CJG, Feizolahi F, Forbes SC, Candow DG, Mohammadgholian E, Amiri M, Jafari N, Rahimi A, Alijani E, Earnest CP. The effects of varying doses of caffeine on cardiac parasympathetic reactivation following an acute bout of anaerobic exercise in recreational athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:44. [PMID: 32819393 PMCID: PMC7441702 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the effects of varying doses of caffeine on autonomic reactivation following anaerobic exercise. METHODS Recreationally active males (N = 20; 24 ± 2y) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study where participants ingested: [1] Control (CON; no supplement), [2] a non-caffeinated placebo (PLA), [3] 3-mg∙kg- 1 of caffeine (CAF3) or [4] 6-mg∙kg- 1 of caffeine (CAF6) prior to Wingate testing. Parasympathetic (lnRMSSD, primary outcome) and global HRV (lnSDNN, secondary outcome) were assessed at rest (i.e., pre-ingestion), 45-min post-ingestion, and 5-min and 35-min post-exercise recovery. We used a GLM to assess mean (95% CI) changes from pre-ingestion baseline. RESULTS Overall, we observed a significant trend for lnRMSSD and lnSDNN (both, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.745). Forty-five minutes after treatment ingestion, we observed a significant increase in lnRMSSD for CAF3 (0.15 ms, 95%CI, 0.07,0.24) and CAF6 (0.16 ms, 95%CI, 0.06,0.25), both being significant (both, p < 0.004) vs. CON (- 0.02 ms, 95%CI, - 0.09,0.04). Five-minutes after exercise, all treatments demonstrated significant declines in lnRMSSD vs. baseline (all, p < 0.001). After 35-min of recovery, lnRMSSD returned to a level not significantly different than baseline for CAF3 (0.03 ms, 95%CI, - 0.05, 0.12) and CAF6 (- 0.03 ms, 95%CI, - 0.17, 0.10), while PLA (- 0.16 ms, 95%CI, - 0.25, - 0.06) and CON (- 0.17 ms, 95%CI, - 0.28, - 0.07) treatments remained significantly depressed. A similar pattern was also observed for SDNN. CONCLUSION Caffeine ingestion increases resting cardiac autonomic modulation and accelerates post-exercise autonomic recovery after a bout of anaerobic exercise in recreationally active young men. However, no differences between caffeine doses on cardiac autonomic reactivity were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sarshin
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Alireza Naderi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran
| | | | - Foad Feizolahi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, R7A6A9, Canada
| | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S0A2, Canada
| | | | - Mehrdad Amiri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Jafari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahimi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Eidi Alijani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Conrad P Earnest
- Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Speer KE, Semple S, McKune AJ. Acute Physiological Responses Following a Bout of Vigorous Exercise in Military Soldiers and First Responders with PTSD: An Exploratory Pilot Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10020059. [PMID: 32069784 PMCID: PMC7071390 DOI: 10.3390/bs10020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition associated with psychological conditions and chronic diseases that may be underpinned by dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and chronic systemic low-grade inflammation. The objective of this pilot study was to determine psychological, ANS [heart rate variability (HRV)], HPA (salivary cortisol) and inflammatory (salivary C-Reactive Protein) responses to a bout of vigorous exercise in male first responders, military veterans and active duty personnel with (n = 4) and without (n = 4) PTSD. Participants (50.1 ± 14.8 years) performed a thirteen-minute, vigorous intensity (70%–80% of heart rate max), one-on-one boxing session with a certified coach. Physiological and psychological parameters were measured before, during, immediately after to 30 min post-exercise, and then at 24 h and 48 h post. The effect sizes demonstrated large to very large reductions in HRV that lasted up to 48 h post-exercise in the PTSD group compared with unclear effects in the trauma-exposed control (TEC) group. There were unclear effects for depression, anxiety and stress as well as salivary biomarkers for both groups at all time-points. Findings may reflect stress-induced changes to the ANS for PTSD sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Speer
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617 (ACT), Australia; (S.S.); or (A.J.M.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617 (ACT), Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Stuart Semple
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617 (ACT), Australia; (S.S.); or (A.J.M.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617 (ACT), Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617 (ACT), Australia; (S.S.); or (A.J.M.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617 (ACT), Australia
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (KwaZulu-Natal) 4041, South Africa
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Cardiac Autonomic Function in the First Hours of Postnatal Life: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study in Term Neonates. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:1703-1708. [PMID: 31529226 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) within the first hours of extrauterine life in term neonates. HRV at 2-h and 14-h postpartum were compared by means of time domains (iRR, SDNN, and rMSSD); frequency domains (TP, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio); and Poincare's Plot (SD1 and SD2) indices of HRV in 27 healthy, male, term newborns (NBs) born of elective cesarean delivery. Within 14 h after birth, the mean of the iRRs increased (Δ% = 4.4, p < 0.001) as well as parasympathetic indices (rMSSD: Δ% = 32.6; p < 0.03; HF: Δ% = 43.6; p < 0.00; SD1: Δ% = 32.6, p < 0.03). Respiratory rate (RR) decreased (RR: 2 h = 48 (43-55) cycle/min vs. 14 h = 45 (40-48) cycle/min p < 0.01). We concluded that within the first 14 h of birth, cardiac autonomic adjustments are characterized by an increase in parasympathetic activity. Concurrently, there were no significant changes observed in all other HRV indices in healthy, male, term neonates, and born of elective cesarean delivery.
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Dos Santos RR, Rosa EC, Rosa T, Ferreira EA, Gris EF, de Andrade RV, Amato AA. Sedentary Behavior: A Key Component in the Interaction between an Integrated Lifestyle Approach and Cardiac Autonomic Function in Active Young Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122156. [PMID: 31216717 PMCID: PMC6616405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the association between autonomic cardiac function (CAF) and the integration of caloric expenditure by physical activity (PA) intensity, sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep quality (PSQI) in active young men. Thirty-five subjects were included, and caloric expenditure in moderate-to-vigorous and light-intensity PA, SB, and PSQI were assessed using questionnaires. Heart rate variability (HRV) was recorded for short periods of time in the supine and orthostatic positions. Multiple linear regression was realized unadjusted and adjusted for covariables, such as age, body mass index, and fat mass. No adjusted analysis indicated that, in the supine position, there were negative associations between the SB and the TP, HF, and NorHF indices, and positive associations between SB and NorLF and LF/HF. In the orthostatic position, an interaction between SB and NorLF was found. Significance of proportion with the TP, HF, and LF/HF indices was confirmed. When adjusted, for the supine position, negative interactions were documented between SB and the TP as well as the HF indices, and between PSQI and the LF/HF index, with interference under the HF and LF/HF indices. Finally, our findings indicate that the proposed approach interacts with CAF, and SB is significantly related to CAF in young active men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan R Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70904-970, Brazil.
| | - Erica C Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70904-970, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo A Ferreira
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Brasília 72220-275, Brazil.
| | - Eliana F Gris
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Brasília 72220-275, Brazil.
| | - Rosângela V de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília 70790-160, Brazil.
| | - Angélica A Amato
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70904-970, Brazil.
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Shortened Recovery Period Between Firefighting Work Bouts Increases Cardiac Response Disproportionately With Metabolic Rate. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:e217-e225. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Porto LGG, Schmidt ACB, de Souza JM, Nogueira RM, Fontana KE, Molina GE, Korre M, Smith DL, Junqueira LF, Kales SN. Firefighters’ basal cardiac autonomic function and its associations with cardiorespiratory fitness. Work 2019; 62:485-495. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-192883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Guilherme G. Porto
- Faculty of Physical Education of the University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Scholarship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, CNPq, Brazil
- Cardiovascular Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Maximo de Souza
- Physiotherapy Course, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Campus Ceilândia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Rosenkranz Maciel Nogueira
- Faculty of Physical Education of the University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Federal District (Brasilia) Military Firefighter Brigade, CBMDF, SAM lote D, modulo E, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Keila E. Fontana
- Faculty of Physical Education of the University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme E. Molina
- Faculty of Physical Education of the University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Cardiovascular Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Korre
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Denise L. Smith
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Luiz Fernando Junqueira
- Cardiology Division, Clinical Medicine Area, Cardiovascular Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Stefanos N. Kales
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Associations between sensorimotor gating mechanisms and athletic performance in a variety of physical conditioning tests. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:921-932. [PMID: 30689099 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The elite athlete is fine-tuned all around to deliver favorable results in sporting events. In this study, we address the question of whether basic movements-such as reflexes-and heterogeneous attentional modulation components-such as sensorimotor gating mechanisms-are also tuned up to maximize the results of middle-distance runners in physical conditioning tests. METHODS We selected an array of professional middle-distance runners and healthy counterparts that were submitted to measurement of (1) physical conditioning parameters, including somatotype, jump, strength, and flexibility tests; and (2) sensorimotor gating mechanisms, including acoustic startle reflex, prepulse inhibition, and habituation. RESULTS Our results showed athletes scored better on the athletic tests compared to controls, as expected. They also exhibited a lower startle amplitude, while maintaining higher prepulse inhibition values. They reacted faster to the acoustic stimuli, and sex-related differences-found in controls-were not present in athletes. Our data also pointed out to substantial correlations between sensorimotor gating and physical conditioning parameters. CONCLUSIONS All in all, these data may point to physical conditioning-driven neural plasticity of brain sensorimotor gating circuits in charge of triggering involuntary movements to harness control and efficiency over reflexed muscle activity.
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da Cruz CJG, Porto LGG, da Silva Rolim P, de Souza Pires D, Garcia GL, Molina GE. Impact of heart rate on reproducibility of heart rate variability analysis in the supine and standing positions in healthy men. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74:e806. [PMID: 31411277 PMCID: PMC6683304 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The reliability of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is not yet fully understood, especially considering different body positions and the mathematical influence of heart rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of HRV in supine and standing positions, with and without mathematical adjustment of HRV by the average R-R interval (iRR). METHODS We evaluated 37 young males (23.1±4 years; 25.1±3 kg/m2). A 5-min segment of the iRR was collected in the supine and standing positions on three occasions separated by 48-hour intervals. Absolute and relative reliability of temporal and spectral indices were assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. RESULTS We did not observe differences in HRV indices in the three occasions in the supine or standing position (p>0.05). Moderate to good reproducibility was observed for temporal and spectral indices of HRV in the supine position (ICC: 0.65-0.89; CV: 0.9-19.8). In the orthostatic position, low to good reproducibility was observed (ICC: 0.35-0.89; CV: 1.1-34.8), with higher ICCs for temporal indices. After mathematical adjustment, only a small modification in HRV reliability was observed in both positions. CONCLUSIONS In young adult males, the mathematical adjustment of HRV by the average iRR led to a nonsignificant effect on HRV reliability. Additionally, HRV reliability is dependent on body position and the index analyzed. Promising measures in both supine and standing positions include r-MSSD and the HF band (parasympathetic indices).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Janssen Gomes da Cruz
- Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Funcao Autonomica Cardiaca (GEFAC), Centro Universitario Euro Americano - UNIEURO, Brasilia, DF, BR
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia do Exercicio, Faculdade de Educacao Fisica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Luiz Guilherme Grossi Porto
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia do Exercicio, Faculdade de Educacao Fisica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, BR
| | - Paloma da Silva Rolim
- Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Funcao Autonomica Cardiaca (GEFAC), Centro Universitario Euro Americano - UNIEURO, Brasilia, DF, BR
| | - Deleon de Souza Pires
- Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Funcao Autonomica Cardiaca (GEFAC), Centro Universitario Euro Americano - UNIEURO, Brasilia, DF, BR
| | - Giliard Lago Garcia
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia do Exercicio, Faculdade de Educacao Fisica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, BR
| | - Guilherme Eckhardt Molina
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia do Exercicio, Faculdade de Educacao Fisica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, BR
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Campos BT, Penna EM, Rodrigues JGS, Diniz M, Mendes TT, Filho AFC, Franchini E, Nakamura FY, Prado LS. Influence of Autonomic Control on the Specific Intermittent Performance of Judo Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2018; 64:99-109. [PMID: 30429903 PMCID: PMC6231339 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Judo is a high-intensity intermittent combat sport which causes cardiac adaptations both morphologically and related to the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Therefore, this study aims to verify the correlation between heart rate variability (HRV) at rest with performance in the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) and whether groups with different RR values at rest show different performance in the SJFT and during post-test recovery. Sixteen judo athletes with 7.2 ± 3.9 years of training experience participated in the study. Before and after the SJFT execution HRV and lactate measurements were conducted. For HRV analysis, we used the mean interval RR, the standard deviation of the RR interval (SDNN), the root mean square of successive differences in RR intervals (RMSSD), the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) in normalized and absolute units. The sample was split into two groups (low RR and high RR) to verify if this variable could differentiate between specific performance. For the SDNN, a significant and moderate correlation (r = 0.53) was found with the total number of throws and throws in the series A (r = 0.56) and B (r = 0.54) and for the RMSSD a correlation with throws during series B (r = 0.59) in the SJFT. However, the groups did not differ in performance and recovery. Therefore, HRV is related to intermittent judo performance; however, it cannot differentiate between judokas at different levels of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno T Campos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Eduardo M Penna
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Pará - Castanhal Campus, Pará, Brasil
| | | | - Mateus Diniz
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Thiago T Mendes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Maranhão - Pinheiro Campus, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - André F C Filho
- Centro de Treinamento Esportivo, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Fabio Y Nakamura
- The College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Fornasiero A, Savoldelli A, Skafidas S, Stella F, Bortolan L, Boccia G, Zignoli A, Schena F, Mourot L, Pellegrini B. Delayed parasympathetic reactivation and sympathetic withdrawal following maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2189-2201. [PMID: 30051338 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of acute hypoxic exposure on post-exercise cardiac autonomic modulation following maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). METHODS Thirteen healthy men performed CPET and recovery in normoxia (N) and normobaric hypoxia (H) (FiO2 = 13.4%, ≈ 3500 m). Post-exercise cardiac autonomic modulation was assessed during recovery (300 s) through the analysis of fast-phase and slow-phase heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) indices. RESULTS Both short-term, T30 (mean difference (MD) 60.0 s, 95% CI 18.2-101.8, p = 0.009, ES 1.01), and long-term, HRRt (MD 21.7 s, 95% CI 4.1-39.3, p = 0.020, ES 0.64), time constants of HRR were higher in H. Fast-phase (30 and 60 s) and slow-phase (300 s) HRR indices were reduced in H either when expressed in bpm or in percentage of HRpeak (p < 0.05). Chronotropic reserve recovery was lower in H than in N at 30 s (MD - 3.77%, 95% CI - 7.06 to - 0.49, p = 0.028, ES - 0.80) and at 60 s (MD - 7.23%, 95% CI - 11.45 to - 3.01, p = 0.003, ES - 0.81), but not at 300 s (p = 0.436). Concurrently, Ln-RMSSD was reduced in H at 60 and 90 s (p < 0.01) but not at other time points during recovery (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Affected fast-phase, slow-phase HRR and HRV indices suggested delayed parasympathetic reactivation and sympathetic withdrawal after maximal exercise in hypoxia. However, a similar cardiac autonomic recovery was re-established within 5 min after exercise cessation. These findings have several implications in cardiac autonomic recovery interpretation and in HR assessment in response to high-intensity hypoxic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fornasiero
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, via Matteo del Ben, 5/b, 38068, Rovereto, Italy. .,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Aldo Savoldelli
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, via Matteo del Ben, 5/b, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Spyros Skafidas
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, via Matteo del Ben, 5/b, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Stella
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, via Matteo del Ben, 5/b, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bortolan
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, via Matteo del Ben, 5/b, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gennaro Boccia
- NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Zignoli
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, via Matteo del Ben, 5/b, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, via Matteo del Ben, 5/b, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laurent Mourot
- Laboratory of Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform (EA 3920), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Barbara Pellegrini
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, via Matteo del Ben, 5/b, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Cruz CJGD, Molina GE, Porto LGG, Junqueira LF. Resting Bradycardia, Enhanced Postexercise Heart Rate Recovery and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Recreational Ballroom Dancers. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2017; 88:371-376. [PMID: 28506112 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2017.1318202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a cross-sectional study design, we evaluated the resting heart rate (HRbaseline) and exercise and postexercise stress test-related chronotropic responses in male practitioners of recreational ballroom dancing (BD; n = 25, Mage = 26.6 ± 6.1 years) compared to a control group of insufficiently active nondancers (CG; n = 25, Mage = 25.9 ± 4.5 years). METHOD All participants underwent a submaximal exercise test. At 85% of the maximal predicted HR, the recovery protocol was started, and heart rate recovery (HRR) was recorded during 1-min intervals for 5 min. RESULTS Compared with CG, BD showed lower HRbaseline (70 beats per minute [bpm] vs. 62 bpm, respectively, U = 143, p < .05, ES = .46), lower preexercise HR (94 bpm vs. 86 bpm, U = 157, p < .05, ES = .42), longer exercise test duration (346 s vs. 420 s, U = 95.5, p < .05, ES = .59), and higher HRR for 5 min postexercise (U = 1.29-1.89, p < .05, ES = .33-.50) as follows: 1st min (32 bpm vs. 40 bpm), 2nd min (45 bpm vs. 53 bpm), 3rd min (51 bpm vs. 58 bpm), 4th min (55 bpm vs. 59 bpm), and 5th min (59 bpm vs. 63 bpm). The coefficient of HRR from the 1st min to the 5th min postexercise was similar in both groups (U = 229-311, p > .05, ES = < .10-.22). CONCLUSION Heightened cardiovascular functional status characterized by favorable enhanced chronotropic dynamics appears to occur in practitioners of recreational ballroom dancing, which suggests that this modality of exercise may result in health benefits.
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Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and carotid stiffness in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Clin Auton Res 2017; 27:185-192. [DOI: 10.1007/s10286-017-0411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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