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Wang M, Wang S, Li H, Mao Z, Lu Y, Cheng Y, Han X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wan S, Zhou LJ, Wu QL. Methylparaben changes the community composition, structure, and assembly processes of free-living bacteria, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119944. [PMID: 39245310 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Parabens are common contaminants in river and lake environments. However, few studies have been conducted to determine the effects of parabens on bacteria, phytoplankton, and zooplankton communities in aquatic environments. In this study, the effect of methylparaben (MP) on the diversity and community structure of the aquatic plankton microbiome was investigated by incubating a microcosm with MP at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L for 7 days. The results of the Simpson index showed that MP treatment altered the α-diversity of free-living bacteria (FL), phytoplankton, and zooplankton but had no significant effect on the α-diversity of particle-attached bacteria (PA). Further, the relative abundances of the sensitive bacteria Chitinophaga and Vibrionimonas declined after MP addition. Moreover, the relative abundances of Desmodesmus sp. HSJ717 and Scenedesmus armatus, of the phylum Chlorophyta, were significantly lower in the MP treatment group than in the control group. In addition, the relative abundance of Stoeckeria sp. SSMS0806, of the Dinophyta phylum, was higher than that in the control group. MP addition also increased the relative abundance of Arthropoda but decreased the relative abundance of Rotifera and Ciliophora. The β-diversity analysis showed that FL and phytoplankton communities were clustered separately after treatment with different MP concentrations. MP addition changed community assembly mechanisms in the microcosm, including increasing the stochastic processes for FL and the deterministic processes for PA and phytoplankton. Structural equation modeling analysis showed a significant negative relationship between bacteria richness and phytoplankton richness, and a significant positive relationship between phytoplankton (richness and community composition) and zooplankton. Overall, this study emphasizes that MP, at environmental concentrations, can change the diversity and structure of plankton microbial communities, which might have a negative effect on ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shengxing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhendu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Yiwei Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yunshan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 050031, China
| | - Xiaotong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yanru Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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Alothman ZA, Bahkali AH, Elgorban AM, Al-Otaibi MS, Ghfar AA, Gabr SA, Wabaidur SM, Habila MA, Ahmed AYBH. Bioremediation of Explosive TNT by Trichoderma viride. Molecules 2020; 25:E1393. [PMID: 32204366 PMCID: PMC7144562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroaromatic and nitroamine compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) are teratogenic, cytotoxic, and may cause cellular mutations in humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. Microbial-based bioremediation technologies have been shown to offer several advantages against the cellular toxicity of nitro-organic compounds. Thus, the current study was designed to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma viride to degrade nitrogenous explosives, such as TNT, by microbiological assay and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In this study, T. viride fungus was shown to have the ability to decompose, and TNT explosives were used at doses of 50 and 100 ppm on the respective growth media as a nitrogenous source needed for normal growth. The GC/MS analysis confirmed the biodegradable efficiency of TNT, whereas the initial retention peak of the TNT compounds disappeared, and another two peaks appeared at the retention times of 9.31 and 13.14 min. Mass spectrum analysis identified 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde with the molecular formula C6H6O3 and a molecular weight of 126 g·mol-1 as the major compound, and 4-propyl benzaldehyde with a formula of C10H12O and a molecular weight of 148 g mol-1 as the minor compound, both resulting from the biodegradation of TNT by T. viride. In conclusion, T. viride could be used in microbial-based bioremediation technologies as a biological agent to eradicate the toxicity of the TNT explosive. In addition, future molecular-based studies should be conducted to clearly identify the enzymes and the corresponding genes that give T. viride the ability to degrade and remediate TNT explosives. This could help in the eradication of soils contaminated with explosives or other toxic biohazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeid A. Alothman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.G.); (S.M.W.); (M.A.H.); (A.Y.B.H.A.)
| | - Ali H. Bahkali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.B.); (M.S.A.-O.)
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.B.); (M.S.A.-O.)
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Otaibi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.B.); (M.S.A.-O.)
| | - Ayman A. Ghfar
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.G.); (S.M.W.); (M.A.H.); (A.Y.B.H.A.)
| | - Sami A. Gabr
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saikh M. Wabaidur
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.G.); (S.M.W.); (M.A.H.); (A.Y.B.H.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Habila
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.G.); (S.M.W.); (M.A.H.); (A.Y.B.H.A.)
| | - Ahmed Yacine Badjah Hadj Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.G.); (S.M.W.); (M.A.H.); (A.Y.B.H.A.)
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Molina L, Segura A, Duque E, Ramos JL. The versatility of Pseudomonas putida in the rhizosphere environment. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 110:149-180. [PMID: 32386604 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses the lifestyle of Pseudomonas and focuses on how Pseudomonas putida can be used as a model system for biotechnological processes in agriculture, and in the removal of pollutants from soils. In this chapter we aim to show how a deep analysis using genetic information and experimental tests has helped to reveal insights into the lifestyle of Pseudomonads. Pseudomonas putida is a Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) that establishes commensal relationships with plants. The interaction involves a series of functions encoded by core genes which favor nutrient mobilization, prevention of pathogen development and efficient niche colonization. Certain Pseudomonas putida strains harbor accessory genes that confer specific biodegradative properties and because these microorganisms can thrive on the roots of plants they can be exploited to remove pollutants via rhizoremediation, making the consortium plant/Pseudomonas a useful tool to combat pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro Molina
- CSIC- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Segura
- CSIC- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
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Thijs S, Sillen W, Truyens S, Beckers B, van Hamme J, van Dillewijn P, Samyn P, Carleer R, Weyens N, Vangronsveld J. The Sycamore Maple Bacterial Culture Collection From a TNT Polluted Site Shows Novel Plant-Growth Promoting and Explosives Degrading Bacteria. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1134. [PMID: 30123233 PMCID: PMC6085565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Military activities have worldwide introduced toxic explosives into the environment with considerable effects on soil and plant-associated microbiota. Fortunately, these microorganisms, and their collective metabolic activities, can be harnessed for site restoration via in situ phytoremediation. We characterized the bacterial communities inhabiting the bulk soil and rhizosphere of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) in two chronically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) polluted soils. Three hundred strains were isolated, purified and characterized, a majority of which showed multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. Several isolates showed high nitroreductase enzyme activity and concurrent TNT-transformation. A 12-member bacterial consortium, comprising selected TNT-detoxifying and rhizobacterial strains, significantly enhanced TNT removal from soil compared to non-inoculated plants, increased root and shoot weight, and the plants were less stressed than the un-inoculated plants as estimated by the responses of antioxidative enzymes. The sycamore maple tree (SYCAM) culture collection is a significant resource of plant-associated strains with multiple PGP and catalytic properties, available for further genetic and phenotypic discovery and use in field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Thijs
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wouter Sillen
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sascha Truyens
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bram Beckers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jonathan van Hamme
- Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, Canada
| | - Pieter van Dillewijn
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Pieter Samyn
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Robert Carleer
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nele Weyens
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Anyanwu IN, Semple KT. Assessment of the effects of phenanthrene and its nitrogen heterocyclic analogues on microbial activity in soil. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:279. [PMID: 27006887 PMCID: PMC4779084 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Microbes are susceptible to contaminant effects, and high concentrations of chemical in soil can impact on microbial growth, density, viability and development. As a result of relative sensitivity of microbes to contaminants, toxicity data are important in determining critical loads or safe levels for contaminants in soil. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess the impact of phenanthrene and the 3-ring nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N-PAHs) on soil microbial respiration. Soil samples were amended with phenanthrene and its 3-ring nitrogen-containing analogues and respiration rates (using substrate induced respiration), CO2 production inhibition and/or stress and total culturable microbial numbers were measured over a 90 days soil-contact time. The study showed that inhibition of phenanthrene amended soils occurred in the first 60 days, while the nitrogen-containing analogues impacted on respiration with increased concentration and contact time. Time dependent inhibitions were more than 25 % portraying N-PAHs toxic and inhibitory effects on microbial synthesis of the added carbon substrate. Further, statistical analysis of data revealed statistically significant differences in the respiration rates over time (p < 0.05). This suggests that soil microorganisms may be more sensitive to N-PAHs in soil than the homocyclic PAH analogues. This current study provides baseline toxicity data to the understanding of the environmental impact of N-PAHs, and assists science-based decision makers for improved management of N-PAH contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihuoma N Anyanwu
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B 1010, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Kirk T Semple
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
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Thijs S, Sillen W, Rineau F, Weyens N, Vangronsveld J. Towards an Enhanced Understanding of Plant-Microbiome Interactions to Improve Phytoremediation: Engineering the Metaorganism. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:341. [PMID: 27014254 PMCID: PMC4792885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a promising technology to clean-up contaminated soils based on the synergistic actions of plants and microorganisms. However, to become a widely accepted, and predictable remediation alternative, a deeper understanding of the plant-microbe interactions is needed. A number of studies link the success of phytoremediation to the plant-associated microbiome functioning, though whether the microbiome can exist in alternative, functional states for soil remediation, is incompletely understood. Moreover, current approaches that target the plant host, and environment separately to improve phytoremediation, potentially overlook microbial functions and properties that are part of the multiscale complexity of the plant-environment wherein biodegradation takes place. In contrast, in situ studies of phytoremediation research at the metaorganism level (host and microbiome together) are lacking. Here, we discuss a competition-driven model, based on recent evidence from the metagenomics level, and hypotheses generated by microbial community ecology, to explain the establishment of a catabolic rhizosphere microbiome in a contaminated soil. There is evidence to ground that if the host provides the right level and mix of resources (exudates) over which the microbes can compete, then a competitive catabolic and plant-growth promoting (PGP) microbiome can be selected for as long as it provides a competitive superiority in the niche. The competition-driven model indicates four strategies to interfere with the microbiome. Specifically, the rhizosphere microbiome community can be shifted using treatments that alter the host, resources, environment, and that take advantage of prioritization in inoculation. Our model and suggestions, considering the metaorganism in its natural context, would allow to gain further knowledge on the plant-microbial functions, and facilitate translation to more effective, and predictable phytotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Thijs
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt UniversityDiepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt UniversityDiepenbeek, Belgium
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Shahzad A, Saddiqui S, Bano A. The response of maize (Zea mays L.) plant assisted with bacterial consortium and fertilizer under oily sludge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:521-526. [PMID: 26587972 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of PGPR consortium and fertilizer alone and in combination on the physiology of maize grown under oily sludge stress environment as well on the soil nutrient status. Consortium was prepared from Bacillus cereus (Acc KR232400), Bacillus altitudinis (Acc KF859970), Comamonas (Delftia) belonging to family Comamonadacea (Acc KF859971) and Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia (Acc KF859973). The experiment was conducted in pots with complete randomized design with four replicates and kept in field. Oily sludge was mixed in ml and Ammonium nitrate and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) were added at 70 ug/g and 7 ug/g at sowing. The plant was harvested at 21 d for estimation of protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). To study the degradation, total petroleum hydrocarbon was extracted by soxhelt extraction and extract was analyzed by GC-FID at different period after incubation. Combined application of consortium and fertilizer enhanced the germination %, protein and, proline content by 90,130 and 99% higher than untreated maize plants. Bioavailability of macro and micro nutrient was also enhanced with consortium and fertilizer in oily sludge. The consortium and fertilizer in combined treatment decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase dismutase (POD) of the maize leaves grown in oily sludge. Degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHs) was 59% higher in combined application of consortium and fertilizer than untreated maize at 3 d. The bacterial consortium can enhanced the maize tolerance to oily sludge and enhanced degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHs). The maize can be considered as tolerant plant species to remediate oily sludge contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Shahzad
- a Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Samina Saddiqui
- b National Center for Excellence in Geology , University of Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Asghari Bano
- a Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
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Chien CC, Kao CM, Chen DY, Chen SC, Chen CC. Biotransformation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) by Pseudomonas spp. isolated from a TNT-contaminated environment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:1059-1063. [PMID: 24549634 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a secondary explosive widely used worldwide for both military and civil purposes. As a result, residual TNT has been detected as an environmental pollutant in both soil and groundwater. The authors have isolated several microbial strains from soil contaminated with TNT by enrichment culture techniques using TNT as a carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. The contaminated soil contained approximately 1860 ppm TNT measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The initial identification of these isolates was determined by 16S rRNA gene comparison. The isolates mainly included species belonging to the genus Pseudomonas. Two strains (Pseudomonas putida strain TP1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain TP6) were selected for further examination. Both strains demonstrated the ability to grow on the medium containing TNT as a carbon, energy, and nitrogen source and also clearly demonstrated the ability to degrade TNT. More than 90% of the TNT in the growth medium was degraded by both strains after 22 d incubation, as determined by HPLC. Additionally, the resting cells of P. putida TP1 and P. aeruginosa TP6 both significantly displayed the ability to transform (metabolize) TNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Chien
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
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Microbial Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene In Vitro and in Natural Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-01083-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Frenk S, Hadar Y, Minz D. Resilience of soil bacterial community to irrigation with water of different qualities under Mediterranean climate. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:559-69. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Frenk
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences; Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Center; Bet-Dagan 50250 Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Yitzhak Hadar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Dror Minz
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences; Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Center; Bet-Dagan 50250 Israel
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Erkelens M, Adetutu EM, Taha M, Tudararo-Aherobo L, Antiabong J, Provatas A, Ball AS. Sustainable remediation--the application of bioremediated soil for use in the degradation of TNT chips. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 110:69-76. [PMID: 22728982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by TNT (2,4,6 trinitrotoluene), historically used in civilian industries and the military as an explosive is of great concern due to its toxicity. Scientific studies have however shown that TNT is susceptible to microbial transformation. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of a previously bioremediated hydrocarbon contaminated soil (PBR) to increase TNT degradation rates. This was investigated by adding TNT chips to PBR and uncontaminated soils (PNC) in laboratory based studies (up to 16 weeks). Residual TNT chip analysis showed greater TNT degradation in PBR soils (70%) and significantly higher metabolic rates (4.5 fold increase in cumulative CO(2) levels) than in PNC soils (30%). Molecular analysis (PCR-DGGE-cluster analysis) showed substantial shifts in soil microbial communities associated with TNT contamination between day 0 and week 4 especially in PBR soils. Bacterial communities appeared to be more sensitive to TNT contamination than fungal communities in both soils. Quantitative PCR analysis showed ~3 fold increase in the abundance of nitroreductase genes (pnrA) in PBR soils with a gradual reduction in community evenness (Pareto-Lorenz curves) in contrast to PNC soils. These results suggest that microbial response to TNT contamination was dependent on the history of soil use. The results also confirm that the microbial potential of waste soils such as PBR soil (usually disposed of via landfill) can be successfully used for accelerated TNT chip degradation. This promotes sustainable re-use of waste soils extending the life span of landfill sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Erkelens
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Abstract
Explosives are synthesized globally mainly for military munitions. Nitrate esters, such as GTN and PETN, nitroaromatics like TNP and TNT and nitramines with RDX, HMX and CL20, are the main class of explosives used. Their use has resulted in severe contamination of environment and strategies are now being developed to clean these substances in an economical and eco-friendly manner. The incredible versatility inherited in microbes has rendered these explosives as a part of the biogeochemical cycle. Several microbes catalyze mineralization and/or nonspecific transformation of explosive waste either by aerobic or anaerobic processes. It is likely that ongoing genetic adaptation, with the recruitment of silent sequences into functional catabolic routes and evolution of substrate range by mutations in structural genes, will further enhance the catabolic potential of bacteria toward explosives and ultimately contribute to cleansing the environment of these toxic and recalcitrant chemicals. This review summarizes information on the biodegradation and biotransformation pathways of several important explosives. Isolation, characterization, utilization and manipulation of the major detoxifying enzymes and the molecular basis of degradation are also discussed. This may be useful in developing safer and economic microbiological methods for clean up of soil and water contaminated with such compounds. The necessity of further investigations concerning the microbial metabolism of these substances is also discussed.
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Effect of biostimulants on 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) degradation and bacterial community composition in contaminated aquifer sediment enrichments. Biodegradation 2012; 24:179-90. [PMID: 22791276 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-012-9569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a toxic and persistent explosive compound occurring as a contaminant at numerous sites worldwide. Knowledge of the microbial dynamics driving TNT biodegradation is limited, particularly in native aquifer sediments where it poses a threat to water resources. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of organic amendments on anaerobic TNT biodegradation rate and pathway in an enrichment culture obtained from historically contaminated aquifer sediment and to compare the bacterial community dynamics. TNT readily biodegraded in all microcosms, with the highest biodegradation rate obtained under the lactate amended condition followed by ethanol amended and naturally occurring organic matter (extracted from site sediment) amended conditions. Although a reductive pathway of TNT degradation was observed across all conditions, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis revealed distinct bacterial community compositions. In all microcosms, Gram-negative γ- or β-Proteobacteria and Gram-positive Negativicutes or Clostridia were observed. A Pseudomonas sp. in particular was observed to be stimulated under all conditions. According to non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis of DGGE profiles, the microcosm communities were most similar to heavily TNT-contaminated field site sediment, relative to moderately and uncontaminated sediments, suggesting that TNT contamination itself is a major driver of microbial community structure. Overall these results provide a new line of evidence of the key bacteria driving TNT degradation in aquifer sediments and their dynamics in response to organic carbon amendment, supporting this approach as a promising technology for stimulating in situ TNT bioremediation in the subsurface.
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Biodegradation and biotransformation of explosives. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:434-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fernández M, Duque E, Pizarro-Tobías P, Van Dillewijn P, Wittich RM, Ramos JL. Microbial responses to xenobiotic compounds. Identification of genes that allow Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to cope with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 2:287-94. [PMID: 21261922 PMCID: PMC3815848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2009.00085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 grows in M9 minimal medium with glucose in the presence of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) at a similar rate than in the absence of TNT, although global transcriptional analysis using DNA microarrays revealed that TNT exerts some stress. Response to TNT stress is regulated at the transcriptional level, as significant changes in the level of expression of 65 genes were observed. Of these genes, 39 appeared upregulated, and 26 were downregulated. The identity of upregulated genes suggests that P. putida uses two kinds of strategies to overcome TNT toxicity: (i) induction of genes encoding nitroreductases and detoxification‐related enzymes (pnrA, xenD, acpD) and (ii) induction of multidrug efflux pump genes (mexEF/oprN) to reduce intracellular TNT concentrations. Mutants of 13 up‐ and 7 downregulated genes were analysed with regards to TNT toxicity revealing the role of the MexE/MexF/OprN pump and a putative isoquinoline 1‐oxidoreductase in tolerance to TNT. The ORF PP1232 whose transcriptional level did not change in response to TNT affected growth in the presence of nitroaromatic compounds and it was found in a screening of 4000 randomly generated mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Fernández
- Bio-Iliberis Research and Development, Edificio BIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, E-18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
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Molecular assessment of microbiota structure and dynamics along mixed olive oil and winery wastewaters biotreatment. Biodegradation 2010; 22:773-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-010-9434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stenuit BA, Agathos SN. Microbial 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation: could we learn from (bio)chemistry for bioremediation and vice versa? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:1043-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Taok M, Mundo J, Sarde CO, Schoefs O, Cochet N. Monitoring the impact of hydrocarbon contamination and nutrient addition on microbial density, activity, and diversity in soil. Can J Microbiol 2010; 56:145-55. [PMID: 20237576 DOI: 10.1139/w09-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of optimal in situ bioremediation strategies requires a better knowledge of their impact on the soil microbial communities. We have evaluated the impact of hexadecane contamination and different nutrient amendments on soil microbial density and activity. Microbial density was measured via total DNA quantification, and microbial activity via respiration and RNA variation. The RNA/DNA ratio was also determined, as it is a potential indicator of microbial activity. PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes were cloned and sequenced to analyze the diversity of bacterial communities. Nutrient addition significantly increased respiration and DNA and RNA concentrations in contaminated soil, indicating a limitation of degradation and growth by the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in unamended microcosms. Hexadecane treatment slightly affected the diversity of the bacterial community, while it was dramatically reduced by nutrient treatments, particularly the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus. Microbial community composition was also altered with the enrichment of populations related to Nocardia in bioremediated soils, while uncultured Proteobacteria were mostly detected in uncontaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Taok
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France
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Yang H, Zhao JS, Hawari J. Effect of 2,4-dinitrotoluene on the anaerobic bacterial community in marine sediment. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1799-808. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Roh H, Yu CP, Fuller ME, Chu KH. Identification of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine-degrading microorganisms via 15N-stable isotope probing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:2505-2511. [PMID: 19452908 DOI: 10.1021/es802336c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study reported the application of 15N-stable isotope probing (SIP) to identify active hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)-utilizing microorganisms in groundwater microcosms. Fifteen 16S rRNA gene sequences were derived from the 15N-DNA fraction (contributed from active microorganisms capable of using RDX as a nitrogen source) of microcosms receiving cheese whey. The 16S rRNA gene sequences belonged to Actinobacteria (two clones), alpha-Proteobacteria (seven clones), and gamma-Proteobacteria (six clones). Except for five sequences with high similarity to two known RDX degraders (Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas fluorescens I-C), our results suggested that phylogenetically diverse microorganisms were capable of using RDX as a nitrogen source. Six sequences of the xplA gene (a known RDX-degrading catabolic gene) were detected from the 15N-DNA fraction. The xplA gene sequences were 96-99% similar to the xplA gene of Rhodococcus sp. DN22(a known RDX utilizer), suggesting that other RDX utilizers might contain xplA-like genes. Twenty-five 16S rRNA gene sequences recovered from the unenriched, RDX-contaminated groundwater clustered differently from those obtained from the 15N-DNA fraction of the cheese-whey-amended microcosm. Our results suggested that active RDX utilizers can be stimulated by nutrient source additions even if they are present at low densities, and that use of 15N-SIP can identifythese functional members of the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungkeun Roh
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3136, USA
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Pandey J, Chauhan A, Jain RK. Integrative approaches for assessing the ecological sustainability ofin situbioremediation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2009; 33:324-75. [PMID: 19178567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Stenuit B, Eyers L, Schuler L, George I, Agathos SN. Molecular Tools for Monitoring and Validating Bioremediation. SOIL BIOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-89621-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Denitration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ESA-5 in the presence of ferrihydrite. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 79:489-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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