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Bieringer E, García Vázquez U, Klein L, Moretó Bravo N, Tobler M, Weuster-Botz D. Bioproduction and applications of aldobionic acids with a focus on maltobionic and cellobionic acid. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023:10.1007/s00449-023-02872-7. [PMID: 37058246 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Aldobionic acids are sugar acids which consist of a disaccharide with an anomeric acid group. The most famous is lactobionic acid (LBA). LBA is used in many applications such as food and beverages, pharmaceuticals and medicine, cosmetics or chemical processes. During the last decade, all these industries are observing a shift of consumer preferences towards plant-based options. Thus, the biotechnological industry is trying to replace the animal-derived LBA. Maltobionic acid (MBA) and cellobionic acid (CBA) are two stereoisomers of LBA which have emerged as vegan alternatives. However, MBA and CBA face different obstacles related to their industrial production. While traditionally used electrochemical or chemical catalysis often rely on cost intensive and/or hazardous catalysts, novel production methods with microorganisms are still poorly studied. In the first part, this paper discusses both alternatives in terms of their characteristics and applications. In the second part, it reviews the long-studied chemical production and the novel bioproduction methods, which are based on enzymatic and microbial systems. This review concludes with a discussion of future work needed to bring their production to the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeran Bieringer
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Chair of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Uxía García Vázquez
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Luisa Klein
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Núria Moretó Bravo
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Tobler
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Petersgasse 5, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Chair of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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Wu J, Liu P, Zheng Z, Ouyang J. Valorization of cheese whey to lactobionic acid by a novel strain Pseudomonas fragi and identification of enzyme involved in lactose oxidation. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:184. [PMID: 36076243 PMCID: PMC9461264 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efficient upgrading of inferior agro-industrial resources and production of bio-based chemicals through a simple and environmentally friendly biotechnological approach is interesting Lactobionic acid is a versatile aldonic acid obtained from the oxidation of lactose. Several microorganisms have been used to produce lactobionic acid from lactose and whey. However, the lactobionic acid production titer and productivity should be further improved to compete with other methods. Results In this study, a new strain, Pseudomonas fragi NL20W, was screened as an outstanding biocatalyst for efficient utilization of waste whey to produce lactobionic acid. After systematic optimization of biocatalytic reactions, the lactobionic acid productivity from lactose increased from 3.01 g/L/h to 6.38 g/L/h in the flask. In batch fermentation using a 3 L bioreactor, the lactobionic acid productivity from whey powder containing 300 g/L lactose reached 3.09 g/L/h with the yield of 100%. Based on whole genome sequencing, a novel glucose dehydrogenase (GDH1) was determined as a lactose-oxidizing enzyme. Heterologous expression the enzyme GDH1 into P. putida KT2440 increased the lactobionic acid yield by 486.1%. Conclusion This study made significant progress both in improving lactobionic acid titer and productivity, and the lactobionic acid productivity from waste whey is superior to the ever reports. This study also revealed a new kind of aldose-oxidizing enzyme for lactose oxidation using P. fragi NL20W for the first time, which laid the foundation for further enhance lactobionic acid production by metabolic engineering. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01907-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojuan Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Ouyang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
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de Souza RC, da Silva LM, Carra S, Flores M, Puton BM, Malvessi E, Valduga E, Zeni J. High-sodium maltobionate production by immobilized Zymomonas mobilis cells in polyurethane. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1465-1476. [PMID: 35876965 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the production of maltobionic acid, in the form of sodium maltobionate, by Z. mobilis cells immobilized in polyurethane. The in situ immobilized system (0.125-0.35 mm) was composed of 7 g polyol, 3.5 g isocyanate, 0.02 g silicone, and 7 g Z. mobilis cell, at the concentration of 210 g/L. The bioconversion of maltose to sodium maltobionate was performed with different cell concentrations (7.0-9.0 gimobilized/Lreaction_medium), temperature (30.54-47.46 °C), pH (5.55-7.25), and substrate concentration (0.7-1.3 mol/L). The stability of the immobilized system was evaluated for 24 h bioconversion cycles and storage of 6 months. The maximum concentration of sodium maltobionate was 648.61 mmol/L in 34.34 h process (8.5 gdry_cell/Lreaction_medium) at 39 °C and pH 6.30. The immobilized system showed stability for 19 successive operational cycles of 24 h bioconversion and 6 months of storage, at 4 °C or 22 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cristina de Souza
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada Do Alto Uruguai E das Missões, CEP: 99709-910, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Meirelles da Silva
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada Do Alto Uruguai E das Missões, CEP: 99709-910, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - Sabrina Carra
- Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul, CEP: 95070-560, Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | - Maicon Flores
- Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul, CEP: 95070-560, Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | - Bruna Maria Puton
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada Do Alto Uruguai E das Missões, CEP: 99709-910, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - Eloane Malvessi
- Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul, CEP: 95070-560, Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | - Eunice Valduga
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada Do Alto Uruguai E das Missões, CEP: 99709-910, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - Jamile Zeni
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada Do Alto Uruguai E das Missões, CEP: 99709-910, Erechim, RS, Brasil.
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Han HJ, Oh YR, Han SW, Lee SS, Eom GT. Efficient Production of Lactobionic Acid Using Escherichia coli Capable of Synthesizing Pyrroloquinoline Quinone. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1962-1970. [PMID: 35118861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lactobionic acid (LBA) is an emerging chemical that has been widely utilized in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. We sought to produce LBA using Escherichia coli. LBA can be produced from lactose in E. coli, which is innately unable to produce LBA, by coexpressing a heterologous quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and a pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) synthesis gene cluster. Using a recombinant E. coli strain, we successfully produced LBA without additional supplementation of PQQ, and changing the type of heterologous GDH improved the LBA production titer and productivity. To further enhance LBA production, culture conditions, such as growth temperature and isopropyl-β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside concentration, were optimized. Using optimized culture conditions, batch fermentation of the recombinant E. coli strain was performed using a 5 L bioreactor. After fermentation, this strain produced an LBA titer of 209.3 g/L, a yield of 100%, and a productivity of 1.45 g/L/h. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to produce LBA using heterologous GDH in an E. coli strain without any additional cofactors. Our results provide a simple method to produce LBA from lactose in a naturally non-LBA-producing bacterium and lay the groundwork for highly efficient LBA production in E. coli, which is one of the most versatile metabolite-producing bacterial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jeong Han
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Oh
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Han
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Lee
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Tae Eom
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Oh YR, Eom GT. Efficient isolation of new lactobionic acid-producing microorganisms from environmental samples by colloidal calcium carbonate agar plate-based screening. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:599-604. [PMID: 35048174 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactobionic acid (LBA) has recently emerged as an important substance in various industries, such as cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals. In this study, we developed a simple, efficient, and high-throughput method for screening LBA-producing microorganisms. First, an agar plate was prepared to isolate LBA-producing microorganisms by utilizing the property of LBA to solubilize colloidal calcium carbonate (CaCO3), resulting in the formation of a clear halo around colonies on a nutrient broth agar plate containing CaCO3. Subsequently, LBA production from the isolated microorganisms was confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Approximately 560 colonies from soil samples in Ulsan, Korea were screened and a clear halo was observed around three colonies on the prepared LBA-screening agar plate. The culture supernatants of these three colonies were analyzed by HPLC and it was found that these strains could produce LBA from lactose. Phylogenetic analysis by comparing their 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences revealed that these strains were Pseudomonas spp. and Alcaligenes faecalis. This is the first report highlighting that A. faecalis can produce LBA. As per the aforementioned results, the LBA-screening method that we devised here is highly effective for isolating and identifying new LBA-producing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ri Oh
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Tae Eom
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. .,Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Lee SS, Oh YR, Jeong BY, Eom GT. Isolation of new lactobionic acid-producing microorganisms and improvement of their production ability by heterologous expression of glucose dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas taetrolens. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 153:109954. [PMID: 34826779 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lactobionic acid (LBA) is a specialty organic acid that is widely employed in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. In the present study, we screened new LBA-producing bacteria from the soil of a poultry farm. Among the 700 bacterial colonies, five that exhibited LBA-producing ability were successfully isolated. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16 S rRNA sequences identified strain 2-15 as an Acinetobacter sp., strains 3-13 and 3-15 as Pseudomonas spp., and strains 7-7 and 7-8 as Psychrobacter spp. The LBA-producing abilities of the five strains were compared in flask culture, whereupon Psychrobacter sp. 7-8 showed the highest LBA titer (203.7 g/L), LBA yield from lactose (97.3%), and LBA productivity (2.83 g/L/h). To our best knowledge, this is the first study showing that Acinetobacter and Psychrobacter spp. can produce LBA from lactose. Our results would help broaden the spectrum of workhorse bacteria available for the industrially important microbial production of LBA. In addition, we improved the LBA-production ability of the three isolated bacteria, namely Acinetobacter sp. 2-15, Pseudomonas spp. strains 3-13 and 3-15, by heterologously expressing quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas taetrolens. In particular, the LBA-production ability of the recombinant Pseudomonas sp. 3-13 were highly improved that the LBA titer and productivity were 19.2- (205.6 vs. 10.7 g/L, respectively) and 17.8-fold (1.07 vs. 0.06 g/L/h, respectively) higher, respectively, than those of the wild-type strain. These values were almost identical to those of the wild-type Psychrobacter sp. 7-8, which showed the highest LBA productivity among the five isolated strains. This result demonstrated that the expression of lactose-oxidizing enzyme in LBA-producing microorganisms was highly effective to enhance their LBA-production ability. Our study presents a practical method to screen for efficient LBA-producing microorganisms and to improve their production ability by genetic engineering for industrial LBA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Soo Lee
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Oh
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Jeong
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Tae Eom
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Oh YR, Eom GT. Identification of a lactose-oxidizing enzyme in Escherichia coli and improvement of lactobionic acid production by recombinant expression of a quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas taetrolens. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109828. [PMID: 34116749 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactobionic acid (LBA), an aldonic acid prepared by oxidation of the free aldehyde group of lactose, has been broadly used in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Although Escherichia coli is unable to produce LBA naturally, a wild-type E. coli strain successfully produced LBA from lactose upon pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) supplementation, indicating that E. coli contains at least one lactose-oxidizing enzyme as an apo-form. By inactivating the candidate genes in the E. coli chromosome, we found that the lactose-oxidizing enzyme of E. coli was the quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GCD). To improve the LBA production ability of the E. coli strain, quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from Pseudomonas taetrolens was recombinantly expressed and culture conditions such as growth temperature, initial lactose concentration, PQQ concentration, and isopropyl-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside induction concentration were optimized. We performed batch fermentation using a 5-L bioreactor under the optimized culture conditions determined in flask culture experiments. After batch fermentation, the LBA production titer, yield, and productivity of the recombinant E. coli strain were 200 g/L, 100 %, and 1.28 g/L/h, respectively. To the best our knowledge, this is the first report to identify the lactose-oxidizing enzyme of E. coli and to produce LBA using a recombinant E. coli strain as the production host. Because E. coli is one of the most easily genetically manipulated bacteria, our result provides the groundwork to further enhance LBA production by metabolic engineering of LBA-producing E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ri Oh
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Tae Eom
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea; Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Oh YR, Jang YA, Lee SS, Kim JH, Hong SH, Han JJ, Eom GT. Enhancement of Lactobionic Acid Productivity by Homologous Expression of Quinoprotein Glucose Dehydrogenase in Pseudomonas taetrolens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12336-12344. [PMID: 33103429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study on improving lactobionic acid (LBA) production capacity in Pseudomonas taetrolens by genetic engineering. First, quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) was identified as the lactose-oxidizing enzyme of P. taetrolens. Of the two types of GDH genes in P. taetrolens, membrane-bound (GDH1) and soluble (GDH2), only GDH1 showed lactose-oxidizing activity. Next, the genetic tool system for P. taetrolens was developed based on the pDSK519 plasmid for the first time, and GDH1 gene was homologously expressed in P. taetrolens. Recombinant expression of the GDH1 gene enhanced intracellular lactose-oxidizing activity and LBA production of P. taetrolens in flask culture. In batch fermentation of the recombinant P. taetrolens using a 5 L bioreactor, the LBA productivity of the recombinant P. taetrolens was approximately 17% higher (8.70 g/(L h)) than that of the wild type (7.41 g/(L h)). The LBA productivity in this study is the highest ever reported using bacteria as production strains for LBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ri Oh
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Jang
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Lee
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ho Kim
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ho Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jun Han
- GF Fermentech, Inc., 74-12, Geumhoseonmal-gil, Bugang-myeon, Sejong-si 30077, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Tae Eom
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Oh YR, Jang YA, Hong SH, Han JJ, Eom GT. Efficient production of lactobionic acid using genetically engineered Pseudomonas taetrolens as a whole-cell biocatalyst. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 141:109668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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High lactobionic acid production by immobilized Zymomonas mobilis cells: a great step for large-scale process. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1265-1276. [PMID: 32172349 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lactobionic acid and sorbitol are produced from lactose and fructose in reactions catalyzed by glucose-fructose oxidoreductase and glucono-δ-lactonase, periplasmic enzymes present in Zymomonas mobilis cells. Considering the previously established laboratory-scale process parameters, the bioproduction of lactobionic acid was explored to enable the transfer of this technology to the productive sector. Aspects such as pH, temperature, reuse and storage conditions of Ca-alginate immobilized Z. mobilis cells, and large-scale bioconversion were assessed. Greatest catalyst performance was observed between pH range of 6.4 and 6.8 and from 39 to 43 °C. The immobilized biocatalyst was reused for twenty three 24-h batches preserving the enzymatic activity. The activity was maintained during biocatalyst storage for up to 120 days. Statistically similar results, approximately 510 mmol/L of lactobionic acid, were attained in bioconversion of 0.2 and 3.0 L, indicating the potential of this technique of lactobionic acid production to be scaled up to the industrial level.
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Sodium, potassium, calcium lactobionates, and lactobionic acid from Zymomonas mobilis: A novel approach about stability and stress tests. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:104-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cardoso T, Marques C, Dagostin JLA, Masson ML. Lactobionic Acid as a Potential Food Ingredient: Recent Studies and Applications. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1672-1681. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taís Cardoso
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program in Food EngineeringFederal Univ. of Paraná Av. Francisco Hoffmann dos Santos s/n, P.O. Box 19011 Postal code 81531‐970 Curitiba Paraná State Brazil
| | - Caroline Marques
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program in Food EngineeringFederal Univ. of Paraná Av. Francisco Hoffmann dos Santos s/n, P.O. Box 19011 Postal code 81531‐970 Curitiba Paraná State Brazil
| | - João Luiz Andreotti Dagostin
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program in Food EngineeringFederal Univ. of Paraná Av. Francisco Hoffmann dos Santos s/n, P.O. Box 19011 Postal code 81531‐970 Curitiba Paraná State Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Masson
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program in Food EngineeringFederal Univ. of Paraná Av. Francisco Hoffmann dos Santos s/n, P.O. Box 19011 Postal code 81531‐970 Curitiba Paraná State Brazil
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Lin SF, Li CK, Chung YP. Identification of a novel lactose oxidase in Myrmecridium flexuosum NUK-21. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:364-373. [PMID: 30761260 PMCID: PMC6356164 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobionic acid (O‐β‐galactosyl‐(1‐4)‐gluconic acid) (LBA) is a high‐value lactose derivative, produced via oxidation of the reducing terminal of lactose. LBA can be produced by fermentation using certain microorganisms, although subsequent purification is challenging. Therefore, we have attempted to identify an enzyme for possible use in LBA production. Here, we purified a novel lactose oxidase (LOD) to homogeneity from a wheat bran culture of a soil‐isolated fungal strain, Myrmecridium flexuosum NUK‐21. Maximal activity was observed on the wheat bran solid culture after 3 days of NUK‐21 growth, following release from cells at 0.66 unit·mL−1 culture filtrate. This new sugar oxidase was composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of 47.2 kDa and was found to contain 2.0 zinc ions per mole of enzyme but no flavin adenine dinucleotide or heme. This enzyme was stable in the pH range 5.5–9.0, with an optimal reaction pH of 7.5. Its optimal reaction temperature was 40 °C, and it was stable up to 50 °C for 1 h at pH 7.5. LOD oxidized disaccharides with reducing‐end glucosyl residues linked by an α or β‐1,4 glucosidic bond. The relative activity of LOD toward lactose, cellobiose and maltose was 100 : 83 : 4, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the discovery of an LOD based on coenzyme moiety and enzyme substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuen-Fuh Lin
- Department of Life Sciences National University of Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ke Li
- Department of Life Sciences National University of Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pei Chung
- Department of Life Sciences National University of Kaohsiung Taiwan
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García C, Bautista L, Rendueles M, Díaz M. A new synbiotic dairy food containing lactobionic acid and Lactobacillus casei. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Oviedo; C/Julián Clavería s/n 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucía Bautista
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Oviedo; C/Julián Clavería s/n 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Manuel Rendueles
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Oviedo; C/Julián Clavería s/n 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Oviedo; C/Julián Clavería s/n 33071 Oviedo Spain
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15
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Assessment of different systems for the production of aldonic acids and sorbitol by calcium alginate-immobilized Zymomonas mobilis cells. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 41:185-194. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Alonso S, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Tunable decoupled overproduction of lactobionic acid in Pseudomonas taetrolens through temperature-control strategies. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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García C, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Microbial amensalism in Lactobacillus casei and Pseudomonas taetrolens mixed culture. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1111-1122. [PMID: 28451809 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas taetrolens has recently been revealed as an effective microbial producer of lactobionic acid from carbohydrates contained in dairy byproducts. In terms of food industrial applications, the implementation of lactobionic acid biosynthesis coupled with the classic bacterial production of lactic acid appears an important goal. This research paper studies the simultaneous fermentation of residual cheese whey by P. taetrolens and Lactobacillus casei to co-produce lactic and lactobionic acids. Experimental data showed the importance of the interactions established between the two microorganisms. Changes in physiology, viability, growth, and productive capacity were tested experimentally. Lactobacillus was not seen to suffer any appreciable stress, but considerable variations were observed in the Pseudomonas behavior presumably owing to inhibitory lactic metabolites, interaction that can be classified as microbial amensalism. As to production, lactic acid remained without significant changes in mixed fermentations, whereas the production of lactobionic acid decreased sharply due to the competitive exclusion of Pseudomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Rendueles
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33071, Oviedo, Spain.
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18
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Alonso S, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Simultaneous production of lactobionic and gluconic acid in cheese whey/glucose co-fermentation by Pseudomonas taetrolens. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 196:314-323. [PMID: 26253915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Substrate versatility of Pseudomonas taetrolens was evaluated for the first time in a co-fermentation system combining cheese whey and glucose, glycerol or lactose as co-substrates. Results showed that P. taetrolens displayed different production patterns depending on the co-substrate supplied. Whereas the presence of glucose led to a simultaneous co-production of lactobionic (78g/L) and gluconic acid (8.8g/L), lactose feeding stimulated the overproduction of lactobionic acid from whey with a high specific productivity (1.4g/gh) and yield (100%). Co-substrate supply of glycerol conversely led to reduced lactobionic acid yield (82%) but higher cell densities (1.8g/L), channelling the carbon source towards cell growth and maintenance. Higher carbon availability impaired the metabolic activity as well as membrane integrity, whereas lactose feeding improved the cellular functionality of P. taetrolens. Insights into these mixed carbon source strategies open up the possibility of co-producing lactobionic and gluconic acid into an integrated single-cell biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Alonso
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Rendueles
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain.
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19
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Characterization of a unique Caulobacter crescentus aldose-aldose oxidoreductase having dual activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:673-85. [PMID: 26428243 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe here the characterization of a novel enzyme called aldose-aldose oxidoreductase (Cc AAOR; EC 1.1.99) from Caulobacter crescentus. The Cc AAOR exists in solution as a dimer, belongs to the Gfo/Idh/MocA family and shows homology with the glucose-fructose oxidoreductase from Zymomonas mobilis. However, unlike other known members of this protein family, Cc AAOR is specific for aldose sugars and can be in the same catalytic cycle both oxidise and reduce a panel of monosaccharides at the C1 position, producing in each case the corresponding aldonolactone and alditol, respectively. Cc AAOR contains a tightly-bound nicotinamide cofactor, which is regenerated in this oxidation-reduction cycle. The highest oxidation activity was detected on D-glucose but significant activity was also observed on D-xylose, L-arabinose and D-galactose, revealing that both hexose and pentose sugars are accepted as substrates by Cc AAOR. The configuration at the C2 and C3 positions of the saccharides was shown to be especially important for the substrate binding. Interestingly, besides monosaccharides, Cc AAOR can also oxidise a range of 1,4-linked oligosaccharides having aldose unit at the reducing end, such as lactose, malto- and cello-oligosaccharides as well as xylotetraose. (1)H NMR used to monitor the oxidation and reduction reaction simultaneously, demonstrated that although D-glucose has the highest affinity and is also oxidised most efficiently by Cc AAOR, the reduction of D-glucose is clearly not as efficient. For the overall reaction catalysed by Cc AAOR, the L-arabinose, D-xylose and D-galactose were the most potent substrates.
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20
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21
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Zhang XH, Liu ZQ, Xue YP, Xu M, Zheng YG. Nitrilase-catalyzed conversion of (R,S)-mandelonitrile by immobilized recombinantEscherichia colicells harboring nitrilase. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:479-89. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Xue
- Institute of Bioengineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xu
- Zhejiang Laiyi Biotechnology Co; Shengzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Institute of Bioengineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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22
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Xu S, Kim A, Jeffries GDM, Jesorka A. A rapid microfluidic technique for integrated viability determination of adherent single cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:1295-301. [PMID: 25542567 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on a novel protocol for determining the viability of individual cells in an adherent cell culture, without adversely affecting the remaining cells in the sample. This is facilitated using a freestanding microfluidic perfusion device, the Multifunctional Pipette (MFP), which generates a virtual flow cell around selected single cells. We investigated the utility on four different cell lines, NG108-15, HEK 293, PC12, and CHO, and combined the assay with a cell poration experiment, in which we apply the pore-forming agent digitonin, followed by fluorescein diphosphate, a pre-fluorescent substrate for alkaline phosphatase, in order to monitor intracellular enzyme activity. The cell viability was instantly assessed through simultaneous perfusion with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI), both being dispensed through the same superfusion device used to porate and deliver the enzyme substrate. In this fluorescence assay, viable and non-viable cells were distinguished by their green and red emission, respectively, within 10 s. In addition, the enzyme activity was monitored over time as a secondary test for cellular activity. Our findings demonstrate that this microfluidic technology-assisted approach is a facile, rapid, and reliable means to determine the viability in single-cell experiments and that viability studies can be performed routinely alongside typical substrate delivery protocols. This approach would remove the need for global cell viability testing and would enable viability studies of only the cells under experimental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Xu S, Ainla A, Jardemark K, Jesorka A, Jeffries GDM. A heating-superfusion platform technology for the investigation of protein function in single cells. Anal Chem 2014; 87:381-7. [PMID: 25457650 DOI: 10.1021/ac5031418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on a novel approach for the study of single-cell intracellular enzyme activity at various temperatures, utilizing a localized laser heating probe in combination with a freely positionable microfluidic perfusion device. Through directed exposure of individual cells to the pore-forming agent α-hemolysin, we have controlled the membrane permeability, enabling targeted delivery of the substrate. Mildly permeabilized cells were exposed to fluorogenic substrates to monitor the activity of intracellular enzymes, while adjusting the local temperature surrounding the target cells, using an infrared laser heating system. We generated quantitative estimates for the intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity at five different temperatures in different cell lines, constructing temperature-response curves of enzymatic activity at the single-cell level. Enzymatic activity was determined rapidly after cell permeation, generating five-point temperature-response curves within just 200 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Musatti A, Rollini M, Sambusiti C, Manzoni M. Zymomonas mobilis: biomass production and use as a dough leavening agent. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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25
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Alonso S, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Bio-production of lactobionic acid: Current status, applications and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1275-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Alonso S, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Feeding strategies for enhanced lactobionic acid production from whey by Pseudomonas taetrolens. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 134:134-142. [PMID: 23500570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High-level production of lactobionic acid from whey by Pseudomonas taetrolens under fed-batch fermentation was achieved in this study. Different feeding strategies were evaluated according to the physiological status and fermentation performance of P. taetrolens. A lactobionic acid titer of 164 g/L was obtained under co-feeding conditions affording specific and volumetric productivities of 1.4 g/g h and 2.05 g/L h, respectively. Flow cytometry assessment revealed that P. taetrolens cells exhibited a robust physiological status, which makes them particularly well-suited for employing concentrated nutrient solutions to further prolong the growth and production phases. Such detailed knowledge of the physiological status has been revealed to be a key issue to further support the development of high-yield lactobionic acid production processes under feeding strategies. The present study has demonstrated the feasibility of P. taetrolens to achieve high-level bio-production of lactobionic acid from whey through fed-batch cultivation, suggesting its major potential for industrial-scale implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Alonso
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, Faculty of Chemistry, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
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27
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Quitmann H, Fan R, Czermak P. Acidic organic compounds in beverage, food, and feed production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:91-141. [PMID: 24275825 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organic acids and their derivatives are frequently used in beverage, food, and feed production. Acidic additives may act as buffers to regulate acidity, antioxidants, preservatives, flavor enhancers, and sequestrants. Beneficial effects on animal health and growth performance have been observed when using acidic substances as feed additives. Organic acids could be classified in groups according to their chemical structure. Each group of organic acids has its own specific properties and is used for different applications. Organic acids with low molecular weight (e.g. acetic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid), which are part of the primary metabolism, are often produced by fermentation. Others are produced more economically by chemical synthesis based on petrochemical raw materials on an industrial scale (e.g. formic acid, propionic and benzoic acid). Biotechnology-based production is of interest due to legislation, consumer demand for natural ingredients, and increasing environmental awareness. In the United States, for example, biocatalytically produced esters for food applications can be labeled as "natural," whereas identical conventional acid catalyst-based molecules cannot. Natural esters command a price several times that of non-natural esters. Biotechnological routes need to be optimized regarding raw materials and yield, microorganisms, and recovery methods. New bioprocesses are being developed for organic acids, which are at this time commercially produced by chemical synthesis. Moreover, new organic acids that could be produced with biotechnological methods are under investigation for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrich Quitmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Science Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany
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