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Pandey P, Tripathi A, Dwivedi S, Lal K, Jhang T. Deciphering the mechanisms, hormonal signaling, and potential applications of endophytic microbes to mediate stress tolerance in medicinal plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250020. [PMID: 38034581 PMCID: PMC10684941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The global healthcare market in the post-pandemic era emphasizes a constant pursuit of therapeutic, adaptogenic, and immune booster drugs. Medicinal plants are the only natural resource to meet this by supplying an array of bioactive secondary metabolites in an economic, greener and sustainable manner. Driven by the thrust in demand for natural immunity imparting nutraceutical and life-saving plant-derived drugs, the acreage for commercial cultivation of medicinal plants has dramatically increased in recent years. Limited resources of land and water, low productivity, poor soil fertility coupled with climate change, and biotic (bacteria, fungi, insects, viruses, nematodes) and abiotic (temperature, drought, salinity, waterlogging, and metal toxicity) stress necessitate medicinal plant productivity enhancement through sustainable strategies. Plants evolved intricate physiological (membrane integrity, organelle structural changes, osmotic adjustments, cell and tissue survival, reclamation, increased root-shoot ratio, antibiosis, hypersensitivity, etc.), biochemical (phytohormones synthesis, proline, protein levels, antioxidant enzymes accumulation, ion exclusion, generation of heat-shock proteins, synthesis of allelochemicals. etc.), and cellular (sensing of stress signals, signaling pathways, modulating expression of stress-responsive genes and proteins, etc.) mechanisms to combat stresses. Endophytes, colonizing in different plant tissues, synthesize novel bioactive compounds that medicinal plants can harness to mitigate environmental cues, thus making the agroecosystems self-sufficient toward green and sustainable approaches. Medicinal plants with a host set of metabolites and endophytes with another set of secondary metabolites interact in a highly complex manner involving adaptive mechanisms, including appropriate cellular responses triggered by stimuli received from the sensors situated on the cytoplasm and transmitting signals to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus to withstand a stressful environment effectively. Signaling pathways serve as a crucial nexus for sensing stress and establishing plants' proper molecular and cellular responses. However, the underlying mechanisms and critical signaling pathways triggered by endophytic microbes are meager. This review comprehends the diversity of endophytes in medicinal plants and endophyte-mediated plant-microbe interactions for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in medicinal plants by understanding complex adaptive physiological mechanisms and signaling cascades involving defined molecular and cellular responses. Leveraging this knowledge, researchers can design specific microbial formulations that optimize plant health, increase nutrient uptake, boost crop yields, and support a resilient, sustainable agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Pandey
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Arpita Tripathi
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Faculty of Education, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Shweta Dwivedi
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kanhaiya Lal
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Tripta Jhang
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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Tshikhudo PP, Ntushelo K, Mudau FN. Sustainable Applications of Endophytic Bacteria and Their Physiological/Biochemical Roles on Medicinal and Herbal Plants: Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020453. [PMID: 36838418 PMCID: PMC9967847 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endophytes reside within the tissues of living plant species without causing any harm or disease to their hosts. These endophytes can be isolated, identified, characterized, and used as biofertilizers. Moreover, bacterial endophytes increase the plants' resistance against diseases, pests, and parasites, and are a promising source of pharmaceutically important bioactives. For instance, the production of antibiotics, auxins, biosurfactants, cytokinin's, ethylene, enzymes, gibberellins, nitric oxide organic acids, osmolytes, and siderophores is accredited to the existence of various bacterial strains. Thus, this manuscript intends to review the sustainable applications of endophytic bacteria to promote the growth, development, and chemical integrity of medicinal and herbal plants, as well as their role in plant physiology. The study of the importance of bacterial endophytes in the suppression of diseases in medicinal and herbal plants is crucial and a promising area of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phumudzo Patrick Tshikhudo
- Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Directorate Plant Health, Division Pest Risk Analysis, Arcadia, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Khayalethu Ntushelo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - Fhatuwani Nixwell Mudau
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
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Phytostimulating Potential of Endophytic Bacteria from Ethnomedicinal Plants of North-East Indian Himalayan Region. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.2.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
North-East Indian Himalayan Region has a humid subtropical climate having diverse ecosystems. The majority of the population of the region depends on agriculture for sustainable livelihood. However, it can produce only 1.5% of the country’s food grains, thereby importing from other parts of the country for consumption. To feed the increase in the population of the region, there is an urgent need to augment the agricultural and allied products to sustain the population and uplift the economic conditions. Plant beneficial endophytes isolated from ethnomedicinal plants of North-East India play an important role as a plant growth promoter by the production of phytohormones, solubilization and mobilization of mineral nutrients. It also indirectly promotes growth by protecting the plants from diseases through the production of antibiotics, enzymes and volatile compounds. The bacteria also have the potential to induce systemic resistance against various abiotic stresses. Since the region has various agro-climatic conditions, the plants are continuously affected by abiotic stress particularly, acidity, drought and waterlogging, there is a need to explore the indigenous endophytes that can mitigate the stress and enhance the sustainable development of agricultural products.
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Liu B, Lai J, Wu S, Jiang J, Kuang W. Endophytic bacterial community diversity in two citrus cultivars with different citrus canker disease resistance. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5453-5462. [PMID: 34406444 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The selective infection of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) to citrus cultivars is universally known, but the relationship between endophytic bacteria and the resistance of host variety to canker disease remains unclear. In this study, endophytic bacterial populations of two citrus cultivars-the resistant satsuma mandarin and the susceptible Newhall navel orange-were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that endophytic bacterial community of satsuma mandarin was more abundant than that of Newhall navel orange. In addition, bacterial abundance was the highest in the spring samples, followed by that in summer and winter samples, in both the varieties. In all samples, the predominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes; the major genera were Bacillus and Stenotrophomonas, and the main species was Bacillus subtilis. According to the analysis of the predominant bacteria in the two citrus cultivars, B. subtilis with potential antagonistic characteristics against Xcc existed universally in all samples. However, the susceptible Newhall navel oranges were abundant in Bacillus subtilis and had a relatively large number of canker-causing cooperative bacteria such as Stenotrophomonas. The results suggested that endophytic bacterial community of the two citrus cultivars had some differences based on the season or plant tissue, and these differences were mainly in the quantity of bacteria, affecting citrus canker disease occurrence. In conclusion, the differences in endophytic bacteria on citrus cultivars might be related to host resistance or susceptibility to citrus canker disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Jiahao Lai
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Simeng Wu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junxi Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weigang Kuang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
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Wu W, Chen W, Liu S, Wu J, Zhu Y, Qin L, Zhu B. Beneficial Relationships Between Endophytic Bacteria and Medicinal Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646146. [PMID: 33968103 PMCID: PMC8100581 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants benefit extensively from endophytic bacteria, which live in host plant tissues exerting no harmful effects. Bacterial endophytes promote the growth of host plants and enhance their resistance toward various pathogens and environmental stresses. They can also regulate the synthesis of secondary metabolites with significant medicinal properties and produce various biological effects. This review summarizes recent studies on the relationships between bacterial endophytes and medicinal plants. Endophytic bacteria have numerous applications in agriculture, medicine, and other industries: improving plant growth, promoting resistance toward both biotic and abiotic stresses, and producing metabolites with medicinal potential. Their distribution and population structure are affected by their host plant's genetic characteristics and health and by the ecology of the surrounding environment. Understanding bacterial endophytes can help us use them more effectively and apply them to medicinal plants to improve yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Sun K, Sun H, Qiu Z, Liu Q. Comparative Analyses of Phyllosphere Bacterial Communities and Metabolomes in Newly Developed Needles of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. at Four Stages of Stand Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717643. [PMID: 34650578 PMCID: PMC8505725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Host-plant-associated bacteria affect the growth, vigor, and nutrient availability of the host plant. However, phyllosphere bacteria have received less research attention and their functions remain elusive, especially in forest ecosystems. In this study, we collected newly developed needles from sapling (age 5 years), juvenile (15 years), mature (25 years), and overmature (35 years) stands of Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook]. We analyzed changes in phyllosphere bacterial communities, their functional genes, and metabolic activity among different stand ages. The results showed that phyllosphere bacterial communities changed, both in relative abundance and in composition, with an increase in stand age. Community abundance predominantly changed in the orders Campylobacterales, Pseudonocardiales, Deinococcales, Gemmatimonadales, Betaproteobacteriales, Chthoniobacterales, and Propionibacteriales. Functional predictions indicated the genes of microbial communities for carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, antibiotic biosynthesis, flavonoids biosynthesis, and steroid hormone biosynthesis varied; some bacteria were strongly correlated with some metabolites. A total of 112 differential metabolites, including lipids, benzenoids, and flavonoids, were identified. Trigonelline, proline, leucine, and phenylalanine concentrations increased with stand age. Flavonoids concentrations were higher in sapling stands than in other stands, but the transcript levels of genes associated with flavonoids biosynthesis in the newly developed needles of saplings were lower than those of other stands. The nutritional requirements and competition between individual trees at different growth stages shaped the phyllosphere bacterial community and host-bacteria interaction. Gene expression related to the secondary metabolism of shikimate, mevalonate, terpenoids, tocopherol, phenylpropanoids, phenols, alkaloids, carotenoids, betains, wax, and flavonoids pathways were clearly different in Chinese fir at different ages. This study provides an overview of phyllosphere bacteria, metabolism, and transcriptome in Chinese fir of different stand ages and highlights the value of an integrated approach to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Siviculture of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Tree Genetics, College of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Honggang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Siviculture of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Honggang Sun
| | - Zonghao Qiu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
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Alijani Z, Amini J, Ashengroph M, Bahramnejad B. Antifungal activity of volatile compounds produced by Staphylococcus sciuri strain MarR44 and its potential for the biocontrol of Colletotrichum nymphaeae, causal agent strawberry anthracnose. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 307:108276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lee YH, Jang SJ, Han JH, Bae JS, Shin H, Park HJ, Sang MK, Han SH, Kim KS, Han SW, Hong JK. Enhanced Tolerance of Chinese Cabbage Seedlings Mediated by Bacillus aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 against High Temperature Stress and Fungal Infections. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 34:555-566. [PMID: 30588228 PMCID: PMC6305178 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.07.2018.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two rhizobacteria Bacillus aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 were evaluated whether they are involved in stress tolerance against drought and high temperature as well as fungal infections in Chinese cabbage plants. Chinese cabbage seedlings cv. Ryeokgwang (spring cultivar) has shown better growth compared to cv. Buram-3-ho (autumn cultivar) under high temperature conditions in a greenhouse, whilst there was no difference in drought stress tolerance of the two cultivars. In vitro growth of B. aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 were differentially regulated under PEG 6000-induced drought stress at different growing temperatures (30, 40 and 50°C). Pretreatment with B. aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 enhanced the tolerance of Chinese cabbage seedlings to high temperature, but not to drought stress. It turns out that only B. siamensis H30-3 showed in vitro antifungal activities and in planta crop protection against two fungal pathogens Alternaria brassicicola and Colletotrichum higginsianum causing black spots and anthracnose on Chinese cabbage plants cv. Ryeokgwang, respectively. B. siamensis H30-3 brings several genes involved in production of cyclic lipopeptides in its genome and secreted hydrolytic enzymes like chitinase, protease and cellulase. B. siamensis H30-3 was found to produce siderophore, a high affinity iron-chelating compound. Expressions of BrChi1 and BrGST1 genes were up-regulated in Chinese cabbage leaves by B. siamensis H30-3. These findings suggest that integration of B. aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 in Chinese cabbage production system may increase productivity through improved plant growth under high temperature and crop protection against fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725,
Korea
| | - Su Jeong Jang
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725,
Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Han
- Division of Bioresource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Jin Su Bae
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725,
Korea
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725,
Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Mee Kyung Sang
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | | | - Kyoung Su Kim
- Division of Bioresource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Han
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
| | - Jeum Kyu Hong
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725,
Korea
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Passari AK, Mishra VK, Saikia R, Gupta VK, Singh BP. Isolation, abundance and phylogenetic affiliation of endophytic actinomycetes associated with medicinal plants and screening for their in vitro antimicrobial biosynthetic potential. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:273. [PMID: 25904906 PMCID: PMC4388002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms associated with medicinal plants are of interest as the producers of important bioactive compounds. To date, the diversity of culturable endophytic actinomycetes associated with medicinal plants is in its initial phase of exploration. In this study, 42 endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from different organs of seven selected medicinal plants. The highest number of isolates (n = 22, 52.3%) of actinomycetes was isolated from roots, followed by stems (n = 9, 21.4%), leaves (n = 6, 14.2%), flowers (n = 3, 7.1%), and petioles (n = 2, 4.7%). The genus Streptomyces was the most dominant among the isolates (66.6%) in both the locations (Dampa TRF and Phawngpuii NP, Mizoram, India). From a total of 42 isolates, 22 isolates were selected for further studies based on their ability to inhibit one of the tested human bacterial or fungal pathogen. Selected isolates were identified based on 16S rRNA gene analysis and subsequently the isolates were grouped to four different genera; Streptomyces, Brevibacterium, Microbacterium, and Leifsonia. Antibiotic sensitivity assay was performed to understand the responsible antimicrobials present in the isolates showing the antimicrobial activities and revealed that the isolates were mostly resistant to penicillin G and ampicillin. Further, antimicrobial properties and antibiotic sensitivity assay in combination with the results of amplification of biosynthetic genes polyketide synthase (PKS-I) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) showed that the endophytic actinomycetes associated with the selected medicinal plants have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. This is the first report of the isolation of Brevibacterium sp., Microbacterium sp., and Leifsonia xyli from endophytic environments of medicinal plants, Mirabilis jalapa and Clerodendrum colebrookianum. Our results emphasize that endophytic actinomycetes associated with medicinal plants are an unexplored resource for the discovery of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit K Passari
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University Aizawl, India
| | - Vineet K Mishra
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University Aizawl, India
| | - Ratul Saikia
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Molecular Glyco-biotechnology Group, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway Galway, Ireland
| | - Bhim P Singh
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University Aizawl, India
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