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Rajizadeh MA, Hosseini MH, Bahrami M, Bahri F, Rostamabadi F, Bagheri F, Khoramipour K, Najafipour H, Bejeshk MA. High-intensity intermittent training ameliorates methotrexate-induced acute lung injury. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:45. [PMID: 38245672 PMCID: PMC10800073 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are recognized as two primary causes of lung damage induced by methotrexate, a drug used in the treatment of cancer and immunological diseases. This drug triggers the generation of oxidants, leading to lung injury. Given the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT), our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of HIIT in mitigating methotrexate-induced lung damage in rats. Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: CTL (Control), HIIT (High-intensity intermittent training), ALI (Acute Lung Injury), HIIT+ALI (pretreated with HIIT), and ALI + HIIT (treated with HIIT).HIIT sessions were conducted for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, assessments were made on malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), gene expression of T-bet, GATA3, FOXP3, lung wet/dry weight ratio, pulmonary capillary permeability, apoptosis (Caspase-3), and histopathological indices.Methotrexate administration resulted in increased levels of TNF-α, MPO, GATA3, caspase-3, and pulmonary edema indices, while reducing the levels of TAC, SOD, Gpx, IL-10, T-bet, and FOXP3. Pretreatment and treatment with HIIT reduced the levels of oxidant and inflammatory factors, pulmonary edema, and other histopathological indicators. Concurrently, HIIT increased the levels of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Haj Hosseini
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mina Bahrami
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Faegheh Bahri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Rostamabadi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research center, Bam university of medical sciences, Bam, Iran
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Abbas Bejeshk
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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2
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Hanna DH, Hamed AA, Saad GR. Synthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/chitosan-graft poly (acrylic acid) conjugate hyaluronate for targeted delivery of methotrexate drug to colon cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124396. [PMID: 37037346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Anti-cancer medications that are delivered specifically to the tumor site possess greater efficacy with less negative effects on the body. So, the current research relies on a novel method for intercalating the anticancer medication methotrexate in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/chitosan-graft poly (acrylic acid) conjugated with sodium hyaluronate. The graft copolymers were synthesized through persulfate-initiated grafting of acrylic acid onto a binary mixture of various amounts of chitosan and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (2/1, 1/1 and 1/2, w/w) using microwave irradiation. The graft copolymer was conjugated with sodium hyaluronate for targeted delivery of methotrexate drug specifically to colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2). The graft copolymers were characterized by many physical techniques. The maximum drug loading efficiency was observed in case of the graft copolymer/hyaluronate rich in chitosan content 69.7 ± 2.7 % (4.65 mg/g) with a sustained release about 98.6 ± 1.12 %, at pH 7.4. The findings of severe cytotoxicity having a value of the IC50 of 11.7 μg/ml, a substantial proportion of apoptotic cells (67.88 %), and an elevated level of DNA breakage inside the treated Caco-2 cells verified the effective release of methotrexate from the loaded copolymer matrix. Besides, the high stability and biological activity of the released drug was exhibited through occurrence of greater increment of reactive oxygen species and effect on the extent of expression of genes connected to apoptosis and anti-oxidant enzymes within the treated cells. Ultimately, this system can be recommended as potent carrier for methotrexate administration to targeted cancerous cells in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demiana H Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Amira A Hamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Gamal R Saad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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3
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The Protective Effects of Nutraceutical Components in Methotrexate-Induced Toxicity Models—An Overview. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102053. [PMID: 36296329 PMCID: PMC9608860 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There are multiple concerns associated with methotrexate (MTX), widely recognized for anti-neoplastic and anti-inflammatory effects in life-threatening disease conditions, i.e., acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis, due to long-term side effects and associated toxicity, which limits its valuable potential. MTX acts as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, leading to suppression of purine and pyrimidine synthesis in high metabolic and turnover cells, targeting cancer and dysregulated immune cells. Due to low discrimination between neoplastic cells and naturally high turnover cells, MTX is prone to inhibiting the division of all fast-dividing cells, causing toxicity in multiple organs. Nutraceutical compounds are plant-based or food-derived compounds, used for their preventive and therapeutic role, ascertained in multiple organ dysfunctions, including cardiovascular disease, ischemic stroke, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites take part in multiple physiological processes, their dysregulation being involved in disease pathogenesis. Modulation of gut microbiota by using nutraceutical compounds represents a promising therapeutic direction to restore intestinal dysfunction associated with MTX treatment. In this review, we address the main organ dysfunctions induced by MTX treatment, and modulations of them by using nutraceutical compounds. Moreover, we revealed the protective mechanisms of nutraceuticals in MTX-induced intestinal dysfunctions by modulation of gut microbiota.
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4
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Ma C, Wang J, Hong F, Yang S. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091216. [PMID: 36139055 PMCID: PMC9496243 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic autoimmune disease with complex etiology, is characterized by excessive proliferation of synovial cells, massive production of inflammatory cells and cartilage destruction. Studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in promoting the occurrence of RA. Mitochondria with normal structure and function are essential for the normal survival of chondrocytes and synovial cells. Once mitochondrial function is destroyed, it will affect the survival, activation and differentiation of immune cells and non-immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of RA, thus leading to the occurrence of RA. However, the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in RA remains unclear. This article reviews the method of mitochondrial dysfunction leading to RA, the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on immune cells, the etiology of mitochondrial dysfunction in RA, and the pathology of mitochondrial dysfunction in RA. We also outline some drugs that can exert therapeutic effects on RA which are associated with modulating mitochondrial activity. The understanding and summary of mitochondrial dysfunction in RA may provide new research directions for pathological intervention and prevention of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Graduate, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Fenfang Hong
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (F.H.); or (S.Y.)
| | - Shulong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344099, China
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344099, China
- Correspondence: (F.H.); or (S.Y.)
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5
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Gallaga-González U, Morales-Avila E, Torres-García E, Estrada JA, Díaz-Sánchez LE, Izquierdo G, Aranda-Lara L, Isaac-Olivé K. Photoactivation of Chemotherapeutic Agents with Cerenkov Radiation for Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23591-23604. [PMID: 35847323 PMCID: PMC9280781 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerenkov radiation (CR) can be used as an internal light source in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methotrexate (MTX) and paclitaxel (PTX), chemotherapeutic agents with wide clinical use, have characteristics of photosensitizers (PS). This work evaluates the possibility of photoexciting MTX and PTX with CR from 18F-FDG to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) capable of inducing cytotoxicity. PTX did not produce ROS when excited by CR from 18F-FDG, so it is not useful for PDT. In contrast, MTX produces 1O2 (detected by ABMA) in amounts sufficient to significantly decrease the viability of the T47D cells. MTX solutions of 100 nM combined with 18F-FDG activities of 50 (1.85 MBq) and 100 μCi (3.7 MBq) produced a significant decrease in cell viability to (50.09 ± 4.95) and (47.96 ± 11.19)%, respectively, compared to MTX (66.29 ± 5.92)% and 18F-FDG (91.35 ± 7.00% for 50 μCi and 99.43 ± 11.03% for 100 μCi) alone. Using the CellRox Green reagent, the intracellular production of ROS was confirmed as the main mechanism of cytotoxicity. The results confirm the therapeutic potential of photoactivation with CR and the synergy of the combined treatment with chemotherapy + photodynamic therapy (CMT + PDT). The combination of chemotherapeutic agents with PS properties and β-emitting radiopharmaceuticals, previously approved for clinical use, will make it possible to shorten the evaluation stages of new CMT + PDT systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Gallaga-González
- Laboratorio
de Investigación Teranóstica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, 50180 Estado de México, México
| | - Enrique Morales-Avila
- Laboratorio
de Toxicología y Farmacia,
Facultad de Química, Universidad
Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, 50120 Estado de México, México
| | - Eugenio Torres-García
- Laboratorio
de Dosimetría y Simulación Monte Carlo, Facultad de
Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del
Estado de México, Toluca, 50180 Estado de México, México
| | - José A. Estrada
- Laboratorio
de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, 50180 Estado de México, México
| | - Luis Enrique Díaz-Sánchez
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma
del Estado de México, Toluca, 50120 Estado de México, México
| | - German Izquierdo
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma
del Estado de México, Toluca, 50120 Estado de México, México
| | - Liliana Aranda-Lara
- Laboratorio
de Investigación Teranóstica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, 50180 Estado de México, México
| | - Keila Isaac-Olivé
- Laboratorio
de Investigación Teranóstica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, 50180 Estado de México, México
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Sirichoat A, Anosri T, Kaewngam S, Aranarochana A, Pannangrong W, Wigmore P, Welbat JU. Neuroprotective properties of chrysin on decreases of cell proliferation, immature neurons and neuronal cell survival in the hippocampal dentate gyrus associated with cognition induced by methotrexate. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:15-24. [PMID: 35779630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug widely used for chemotherapy and can reduce cancer cell production by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase and decreasing cancer cell growth. MTX has a neurotoxic effect on neural stem and glial cells, leading to memory deficits. Chrysin is a natural flavonoid that contains essential biological activities, such as neuroprotective and cognitive-improving properties. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of chrysin against MTX-induced memory impairments related to hippocampal neurogenesis. Seventy-two male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, MTX, chrysin (10 and 30 mg/kg), and MTX+ chrysin (10 and 30 mg/kg) groups. Chrysin (10 and 30 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage for 15 days. MTX (75 mg/kg) was administered by intravenous injection on days 8 and 15. Spatial and recognition memories were evaluated using the novel object location (NOL) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests, respectively. Moreover, cell proliferation, neuronal cell survival, and immature neurons in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus were quantified by Ki-67, bromodeoxyuridine/neuronal nuclear protein (BrdU/NeuN), and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry staining. The results of the MTX group demonstrated that spatial and recognition memories were both impaired. Furthermore, cell division reduction, neuronal cell survival reduction, and immature neuron decreases were detected in the MTX group and not observed in the co-administration groups. Therefore, these results revealed that chrysin could alleviate memory and neurogenesis impairments in MTX-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apiwat Sirichoat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tanaporn Anosri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Soraya Kaewngam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anusara Aranarochana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanassanun Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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7
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Mandal AK, Sahoo A, Dwivedi K, Singh R, Kumar V. Potential therapeutic application of biophenols - plants secondary metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8900-8918. [PMID: 35593234 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2062700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease showed that persistent inflammation in the joints, induces the cartilage destruction, bone erosion, and leukocyte infiltration in the synovium. RA mostly affects the joints of hands, feet, wrists, ankles, and knees. Each year, approximately 20-40 new cases are reported per lac population and the disease affects women more than men. The etiology of RA is still unknown, but many pathways have been identified as potential targets in its pathophysiology, including the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling, Adenosine signaling, Wnt, SYK/BTK, and mTOR signaling pathways. Biophenol, plant secondary metabolite, is considered one of the most abundantly phytoconstituents to have potential anti-inflammatory effects associated with multiple pathways. These indicate that biophenols can be used for its protective effect on the development and symptoms of RA. The current review explores and discusses the role of different biophenols in the treatment of RA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Sahoo
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khusbu Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shambhunath Institute of Pharmacy, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Singh
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Efficiency of antioxidant Avenanthramide-C on high-dose methotrexate-induced ototoxicity in mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266108. [PMID: 35353852 PMCID: PMC8967015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) has been used in treating various types of cancers but can also cause damage to normal organs and cell types. Folinic acid (FA) is a well-known MTX antidote that protects against toxicity caused by the drug and has been used for decades. Since hearing loss caused by MTX treatment is not well studied, herein we aimed to investigate the efficiency of the antioxidant Avenanthramide-C (AVN-C) on high-dose MTX (HDMTX) toxicity in the ear and provide insights into the possible mechanism involved in MTX-induced hearing loss in normal adult C57Bl/6 mice and HEI-OC1 cells. Our results show that the levels of MTX increased in the serum and perilymph 30 minutes after systemic administration. MTX increased hearing thresholds in mice, whereas AVN-C and FA preserved hearing within the normal range. MTX also caused a decrease in wave I amplitude, while AVN-C and FA maintained it at higher levels. MTX considerably damaged the cochlear synapses and neuronal integrity, and both AVN-C and FA rescued the synapses. MTX reduced the cell viability and increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in HEI-OC1 cells, but AVN-C and FA reversed these changes. Apoptosis- and ROS-related genes were significantly upregulated in MTX-treated HEI-OC1 cells; however, they were downregulated by AVN-C and FA treatment. We show that MTX can cause severe hearing loss; it can cross the blood–labyrinth barrier and cause damage to the cochlear neurons and outer hair cells (OHCs). The antioxidant AVN-C exerts a strong protective effect against MTX-induced ototoxicity and preserved the inner ear structures (synapses, neurons, and OHCs) from MTX-induced damage. The mechanism of AVN-C against MTX suggests that ROS is involved in HDMTX-induced ototoxicity.
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9
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Di Pasqua LG, Cagna M, Berardo C, Vairetti M, Ferrigno A. Detailed Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Drug-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Update. Biomedicines 2022; 10:194. [PMID: 35052872 PMCID: PMC8774221 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are some of the biggest public health challenges due to their spread and increasing incidence around the world. NAFLD is characterized by intrahepatic lipid deposition, accompanied by dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance, leading to more serious complications. Among the various causes, drug administration for the treatment of numerous kinds of diseases, such as antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive drugs, promotes the onset and progression of steatosis, causing drug-induced hepatic steatosis (DIHS). Here, we reviewed in detail the major classes of drugs that cause DIHS and the specific molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. Eight classes of drugs, among the most used for the treatment of common pathologies, were considered. The most diffused mechanism whereby drugs can induce NAFLD/NASH is interfering with mitochondrial activity, inhibiting fatty acid oxidation, but other pathways involved in lipid homeostasis are also affected. PubMed research was performed to obtain significant papers published up to November 2021. The key words included the class of drugs, or the specific compound, combined with steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, fatty liver and hepatic lipid deposition. Additional information was found in the citations listed in other papers, when they were not displayed in the original search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giuseppina Di Pasqua
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Cagna
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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10
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Liu YL, Hsiao IH, Lin YH, Lin CL, Jan MS, Hung HC, Liu GY. Ornithine decarboxylase functions in both autophagy and apoptosis in response to ultraviolet B radiation injury. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2140-2154. [PMID: 35019151 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present a mechanism for how ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) regulates the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. In cancer cells, low-intensity ultraviolet B (UVBL ) induces autophagy while high-intensity UVB (UVBH ) induces apoptosis. Overexpression of ODC decreases UVBL -induced autophagy by inhibiting Atg5-Atg12 conjugation and suppressing the expression of autophagy markers LC3, Atg7, Atg12, and BECN1 proteins. In contrast, when ODC-overexpressing cells are exposed to UVBH radiation, the levels of LC3-II, Atg5-Atg12 conjugate, BECN1, Atg7, and Atg12 increase, while the apoptosis marker cleaved-PARP proteins decrease, indicating that ODC overexpression induced UVBH -induced autophagy but inhibited UVBH -induced cellular apoptosis. Additionally, when exposed to UVBH radiation, silencing BECN1, Atg5, and Atg12 genes results in a decrease in the level of LC3-II proteins but an increase in the level of cleaved-PARP proteins, and apoptotic bodies were significantly increased while autophagosomes were significantly decreased. These findings imply that ODC inhibits apoptosis in cells via the autophagy pathway. The role of Atg12 in ODC-overexpressing cells exposed to UVBH radiation is investigated using site-directed mutagenesis. Our results indicate that the Atg12-D111S mutant has increased cell survival. The Atg12-ΔG186 mutant impairs autophagy and enhances apoptosis. We demonstrate that when ODC-overexpressing cells are silenced for the Atg12 protein, autophagy and apoptosis are strongly affected, and ODC-induced autophagy protects against UVBH -induced apoptosis via the Atg12 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Liang Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsin Hsiao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiou Jan
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chih Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Life Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung, Taiwan.,iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yaw Liu
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Umar S, Palasiewicz K, Volin MV, Zanotti B, Al-Awqati M, Sweiss N, Shahrara S. IRAK4 inhibitor mitigates joint inflammation by rebalancing metabolism malfunction in RA macrophages and fibroblasts. Life Sci 2021; 287:120114. [PMID: 34732329 PMCID: PMC10020992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies show a connection between glycolysis and inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) macrophages (MΦs) and fibroblasts (FLS). Yet, it is unclear which pathways could be targeted to rebalance RA MΦs and FLS metabolic reprogramming. To identify novel targets that could normalize RA metabolic reprogramming, TLR7-mediated immunometabolism was characterized in RA MΦs, FLS and experimental arthritis. We uncovered that GLUT1, HIF1α, cMYC, LDHA and lactate were responsible for the TLR7-potentiated metabolic rewiring in RA MΦs and FLS, which was negated by IRAK4i. While in RA FLS, HK2 was uniquely expanded by TLR7 and negated by IRAK4i. Conversely, TLR7-driven hypermetabolism, non-oxidative PPP (CARKL) and oxidative phosphorylation (PPARγ) were narrowly dysregulated in TLR7-activated RA MΦs and FLS and was reversed by IRAK4i. Consistently, IRAK4i therapy disrupted arthritis mediated by miR-Let7b/TLR7 along with impairing a broad-range of glycolytic intermediates, GLUT1, HIF1α, cMYC, HK2, PFKFB3, PKM2, PDK1 and RAPTOR. Notably, inhibition of the mutually upregulated glycolytic metabolites, HIF1α and cMYC, was capable of mitigating TLR7-induced inflammatory imprint in RA MΦs and FLS. In keeping with IRAK4i, treatment with HIF1i and cMYCi intercepted TLR7-enhanced IRF5 and IRF7 in RA MΦs, distinct from RA FLS. Interestingly, in RA MΦs and FLS, IRAK4i counteracted TLR7-induced CARKL reduction in line with HIF1i. Whereas, cMYCi in concordance with IRAK4i, overturned oxidative phosphorylation via PPARγ in TLR7-activated RA MΦs and FLS. The blockade of IRAK4 and its interconnected intermediates can rebalance the metabolic malfunction by obstructing glycolytic and inflammatory phenotypes in RA MΦs and FLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq Umar
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Karol Palasiewicz
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Michael V Volin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States of America
| | - Brian Zanotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States of America
| | - Mina Al-Awqati
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Nadera Sweiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
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Iwamoto N, Furukawa K, Endo Y, Shimizu T, Sumiyoshi R, Umeda M, Koga T, Kawashiri SY, Igawa T, Ichinose K, Tamai M, Origuchi T, Kawakami A. Methotrexate Alters the Expression of microRNA in Fibroblast-like Synovial Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111561. [PMID: 34768991 PMCID: PMC8584010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of methotrexate (MTX) on microRNA modulation in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synovial cells (RA-FLS). RA-FLS were treated with MTX for 48 h. We then performed miRNA array analysis to investigate differentially expressed miRNAs. Transfection with miR-877-3p precursor and inhibitor were used to investigate the functional role of miR-877-3p in RA-FLS. Gene ontology analysis was used to investigate the cellular processes involving miR-877-3p. The production of cytokines/chemokines was screened by multiplex cytokine/chemokine bead assay and confirmed by ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR. The migratory and proliferative activities of RA-FLS were analyzed by wound healing assay and MKI-67 expression. MTX treatment altered the expression of 13 miRNAs (seven were upregulated and six were downregulated). Among them, quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that miR-877-3p was upregulated in response to MTX (1.79 ± 0.46-fold, p < 0.05). The possible target genes of miR-877-3p in RA-FLS revealed by the microarray analysis were correlated with biological processes. The overexpression of miR-877-3p decreased the production of GM-CSF and CCL3, and the overexpression of miR-877-3p inhibited migratory and proliferative activity. MTX altered the miR-877-3p expression on RA-FLS, and this alteration of miR-877-3p attenuated the abundant production of cytokines/chemokines and proliferative property of RA-FLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Iwamoto
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-95-819-7260; Fax: +81-95-849-7270
| | - Kaori Furukawa
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Yushiro Endo
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Toshimasa Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Remi Sumiyoshi
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Masataka Umeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Kawashiri
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
- Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
| | - Takashi Igawa
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Kunihiro Ichinose
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Mami Tamai
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Tomoki Origuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.E.); (T.S.); (R.S.); (M.U.); (T.K.); (S.-y.K.); (T.I.); (K.I.); (M.T.); (A.K.)
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13
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Clayton SA, MacDonald L, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Clark AR. Mitochondria as Key Players in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:673916. [PMID: 33995417 PMCID: PMC8118696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.673916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are major energy-producing organelles that have central roles in cellular metabolism. They also act as important signalling hubs, and their dynamic regulation in response to stress signals helps to dictate the stress response of the cell. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease with high prevalence and complex aetiology. Mitochondrial activity affects differentiation, activation and survival of immune and non-immune cells that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. This review outlines what is known about the role of mitochondria in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis, and how current and future therapeutic strategies can function through modulation of mitochondrial activity. We also highlight areas of this topic that warrant further study. As producers of energy and of metabolites such as succinate and citrate, mitochondria help to shape the inflammatory phenotype of leukocytes during disease. Mitochondrial components can directly stimulate immune receptors by acting as damage-associated molecular patterns, which could represent an initiating factor for the development of sterile inflammation. Mitochondria are also an important source of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and facilitate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which produces cytokines linked to disease symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis. The fact that mitochondria contain their own genetic material renders them susceptible to mutation, which can propagate their dysfunction and immunostimulatory potential. Several drugs currently used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis regulate mitochondrial function either directly or indirectly. These actions contribute to their immunomodulatory functions, but can also lead to adverse effects. Metabolic and mitochondrial pathways are attractive targets for future anti-rheumatic drugs, however many questions still remain about the precise role of mitochondrial activity in different cell types in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Clayton
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy MacDonald
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Birmingham, United Kingdom
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14
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Wróbel A, Drozdowska D. Recent Design and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on the Modifications of DHFR Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:910-939. [PMID: 31622199 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191016151018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) has been known for decades as a molecular target for antibacterial, antifungal and anti-malarial treatments. This enzyme is becoming increasingly important in the design of new anticancer drugs, which is confirmed by numerous studies including modelling, synthesis and in vitro biological research. This review aims to present and discuss some remarkable recent advances in the research of new DHFR inhibitors with potential anticancer activity. METHODS The scientific literature of the last decade on the different types of DHFR inhibitors has been searched. The studies on design, synthesis and investigation structure-activity relationships were summarized and divided into several subsections depending on the leading molecule and its structural modification. Various methods of synthesis, potential anticancer activity and possible practical applications as DHFR inhibitors of new chemical compounds were described and discussed. RESULTS This review presents the current state of knowledge on the modification of known DHFR inhibitors and the structures and searches for about eighty new molecules, designed as potential anticancer drugs. In addition, DHFR inhibitors acting on thymidylate synthase (TS), carbon anhydrase (CA) and even DNA-binding are presented in this paper. CONCLUSION Thorough physicochemical characterization and biological investigations highlight the structure-activity relationship of DHFR inhibitors. This will enable even better design and synthesis of active compounds, which would have the expected mechanism of action and the desired activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wróbel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
| | - Danuta Drozdowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
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15
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Baicalein, 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone and Myricetin as Potent Inhibitors of Human Ornithine Decarboxylase. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123867. [PMID: 33348871 PMCID: PMC7765794 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a well-known oncogene, and the discovery of ODC enzyme inhibitors is a beneficial strategy for cancer therapy and prevention. Methods: We examined the inhibitory effects of a variety of flavone and flavonol derivatives on ODC enzymatic activity, and performed in silico molecular docking of baicalein, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone and myricetin to the whole dimer of human ODC to investigate the possible binding site of these compounds on ODC. We also examined the cytotoxic effects of these compounds with cell-based studies. Results: Baicalein, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone and myricetin exhibited significant ODC suppression activity with IC50 values of 0.88 µM, 2.54 µM, and 7.3 µM, respectively, which were much lower than that of the active-site irreversible inhibitor α-DL-difluoromethylornithine (IC50, the half maximal inhibitory concentration, of approximately 100 µM). Kinetic studies and molecular docking simulations suggested that baicalein, and 7,8-dihydroxyflavone act as noncompetitive inhibitors that are hydrogen-bonded to the region near the active site pocket in the dimer interface of the enzyme. Baicalein and myricetin suppress cell growth and induce cellular apoptosis, and both of these compounds suppress the ODC-evoked anti-apoptosis of cells. Conclusions: Therefore, we suggest that the flavone or flavonol derivatives baicalein, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, and myricetin are potent chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents that target ODC.
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16
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Protective Impacts of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract against Methotrexate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis on Mouse Spleen. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6738474. [PMID: 32565869 PMCID: PMC7275960 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6738474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective The current study was aimed to examine the possible ameliorative impacts of MO leaf extract (MOLE) against MTX-induced alterations on oxidative stress of mouse spleen and explore the possible molecular mechanism that controls such impacts. Methods Adult male mice were allocated into 4 groups: control, Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE), MTX, and MOLE plus MTX. Mice received MOLE orally for a week before MTX injection and continued for 12 days. Serum and spleen were sampled for biochemical and quantitative gene expressions. Results As compared with the MTX-injected group, MOLE effectively reduced the changes in total proteins, spleen MDA, SOD and catalase activities, and changes in serum antioxidants levels. Moreover, there is downregulation of antioxidant genes (SOD and catalase) and antiapoptotic genes (XIAP and Bcl-xl) along with upregulation in Bax and caspase-3 mRNA (apoptotic genes) in the MTX-injected group. MTX induced changes in IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 expression. MOLE restored and ameliorated the changes induced in biochemical, antioxidants, apoptosis, and apoptosis associated genes that were induced by MTX intoxication. Conclusion Current findings indicated that pretreatment with MOLE to MTX-intoxicated mice showed the potential usage of MO for oxidative stress and apoptosis treatment.
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Targeting immunometabolism as an anti-inflammatory strategy. Cell Res 2020; 30:300-314. [PMID: 32132672 PMCID: PMC7118080 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing field of immunometabolism has taught us how metabolic cellular reactions and processes not only provide a means to generate ATP and biosynthetic precursors, but are also a way of controlling immunity and inflammation. Metabolic reprogramming of immune cells is essential for both inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory responses. Four anti-inflammatory therapies, DMF, Metformin, Methotrexate and Rapamycin all work by affecting metabolism and/or regulating or mimicking endogenous metabolites with anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence is emerging for the targeting of specific metabolic events as a strategy to limit inflammation in different contexts. Here we discuss these recent developments and speculate on the prospect of targeting immunometabolism in the effort to develop novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics. As accumulating evidence for roles of an intricate and elaborate network of metabolic processes, including lipid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism provides key focal points for developing new therapies, we here turn our attention to glycolysis and the TCA cycle to provide examples of how metabolic intermediates and enzymes can provide potential novel therapeutic targets.
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18
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Critical Factors in Human Antizymes that Determine the Differential Binding, Inhibition, and Degradation of Human Ornithine Decarboxylase. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120864. [PMID: 31842334 PMCID: PMC6995573 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antizyme (AZ) is a protein that negatively regulates ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). AZ achieves this inhibition by binding to ODC to produce AZ-ODC heterodimers, abolishing enzyme activity and targeting ODC for degradation by the 26S proteasome. In this study, we focused on the biomolecular interactions between the C-terminal domain of AZ (AZ95–228) and ODC to identify the functional elements of AZ that are essential for binding, inhibiting and degrading ODC, and we also identified the crucial factors governing the differential binding and inhibition ability of AZ isoforms toward ODC. Based on the ODC inhibition and AZ-ODC binding studies, we demonstrated that amino acid residues reside within the α1 helix, β5 and β6 strands, and connecting loop between β6 and α2 (residues 142–178), which is the posterior part of AZ95–228, play crucial roles in ODC binding and inhibition. We also identified the essential elements determining the ODC-degradative activity of AZ; amino acid residues within the anterior part of AZ95–228 (residues 120–145) play crucial roles in AZ-mediated ODC degradation. Finally, we identified the crucial factors that govern the differential binding and inhibition of AZ isoforms toward ODC. Mutagenesis studies of AZ1 and AZ3 and their binding and inhibition revealed that the divergence of amino acid residues 124, 150, 166, 171, and 179 results in the differential abilities of AZ1 and AZ3 in the binding and inhibition of ODC.
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Ozcicek F, Kara AV, Akbas EM, Kurt N, Yazici GN, Cankaya M, Mammadov R, Ozcicek A, Suleyman H. Effects of anakinra on the small intestine mucositis induced by methotrexate in rats. Exp Anim 2019; 69:144-152. [PMID: 31787709 PMCID: PMC7220717 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is an important problem in the patients receiving cancer treatment.
We aimed to investigate the effect of anakinra, which is a well known anti-oxidant and
anti-inflammatory agent, on methotrexate-induced small intestine mucositis in rats. Forty
rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 in each group. The healthy group (HG) and the
methotrexate group (MTXG) were given distilled water, while the methotrexate + anakinra 50
(MTX+ANA50) and the methotrexate + anakinra 100 (MTX+ANA100) groups were intraperitoneally
administered 50 and 100 mg/kg of anakinra. After one hour, the MTXG, MTX+ANA50 and
MTX+ANA100 groups were given oral methotrexate at a dose of 5 mg/kg. This procedure was
repeated once a day for 7 days. After the rats had been sacrificed, the small intestine
tissue of rats were removed for the assesment of biochemical markers, histopathological
evaluation and gene expression analyze. Statistical analyses of the data were performed
using one-way ANOVA. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)
levels were significantly higher, whereas total glutathione (tGSH) levels were
significantly lower in MTXG (P<0.001) compared to other groups. MTX
also increased IL-1β and TNF-α gene expression levels in
MTXG (P<0.001). Inflammatory cell infiltration and damage to the
villus were observed histopathologically in the MTXG group, whereas only mild inflammation
was seen in the MTX+ANA100 group. A dose of 100 mg/kg of anakinra prevented the increase
of the biochemical markers and gene expression levels better than a dose of 50 mg/kg.
Intestinal mucositis caused by MTX may be preventible by co-administered anakinra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ozcicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Basbaglar Street, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ali Veysel Kara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Basbaglar Street, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Emin Murat Akbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Basbaglar Street, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Kurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Ataturk University Campus, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gulce Naz Yazici
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Basbaglar Street, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Murat Cankaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, 6 Mimar Sinan Street, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Renad Mammadov
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Basbaglar Street, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Adalet Ozcicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Basbaglar Street, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Halis Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Basbaglar Street, 24030, Erzincan, Turkey
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Mammadov R, Suleyman B, Akturan S, Cimen FK, Kurt N, Suleyman Z, Malkoc İ. Effect of lutein on methotrexate-induced oxidative lung damage in rats: a biochemical and histopathological assessment. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:1279-1286. [PMID: 31495083 PMCID: PMC6823580 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2018.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to investigate the effect of lutein on methotrexate (MTX)-induced pulmonary toxicity in rats biochemically and histopathologically. METHODS The rats in the MTX + lutein (MTXL, n = 6) group were given 1 mg/kg of lutein orally. A 0.9% NaCl solution was administered orally to the MTX (n = 6) group and the healthy group (HG, n = 6). One hour later, a single 20 mg/kg dose of MTX was injected intraperitoneally in the MTXL and MTX. Lutein or 0.9% NaCl solution was administered once a day for 5 days. At the end of this period, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total glutathione (tGSH), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured in the lung tissues from the animals euthanized with 50 mg/kg thiopental sodium anesthesia. Subsequently, histopathological examinations were performed. RESULTS The levels of MDA, MPO, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the lung tissue of the MTX were significantly higher than those of the MTXL and HG groups (p < 0.0001), and the amount of tGSH was lower. The histopathological findings in the MTX group, in which the oxidants and cytokines were higher, were more severe. CONCLUSION Lutein prevented the MTX-induced oxidative lung damage biochemically and histopathologically. This result indicates that lutein may be useful in the treatment of MTX-induced lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renad Mammadov
- Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan University Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
- Correspondence to Renad Mammadov, M.D. Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan University Faculty of Medicine, Basbaglar Street, Erzincan 24100, Turkey Tel: +90-507-0115922 Fax: +90-446-2261819 E-mail:
| | - Bahadir Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan University Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Akturan
- Department of Family Medicine, Erzincan University Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ferda Keskin Cimen
- Department of Pathology, Erzincan University Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Kurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Suleyman
- Department of Nursing, Erzincan University Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - İsmail Malkoc
- Department of Anatomy, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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Flavin Oxidase-Induced ROS Generation Modulates PKC Biphasic Effect of Resveratrol on Endothelial Cell Survival. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060209. [PMID: 31151226 PMCID: PMC6628153 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary intake of natural antioxidants is thought to impart protection against oxidative-associated cardiovascular diseases. Despite many in vivo studies and clinical trials, this issue has not been conclusively resolved. Resveratrol (RES) is one of the most extensively studied dietary polyphenolic antioxidants. Paradoxically, we have previously demonstrated that high RES concentrations exert a pro-oxidant effect eventually elevating ROS levels leading to cell death. Here, we further elucidate the molecular determinants underpinning RES-induced oxidative cell death. Methods: Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the effect of increasing concentrations of RES on DNA synthesis and apoptosis was studied. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of cell survival or apoptosis genes, as well as protein kinase C (PKC) activity were determined. Results: While high concentrations of RES reduce PKC activity, inhibit DNA synthesis and induce apoptosis, low RES concentrations elicit an opposite effect. This biphasic concentration-dependent effect (BCDE) of RES on PKC activity is mirrored at the molecular level. Indeed, high RES concentrations upregulate the proapoptotic Bax, while downregulating the antiapoptotic Bcl-2, at both mRNA and protein levels. Similarly, high RES concentrations downregulate the cell cycle progression genes, c-myc, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and cyclin D1 protein levels, while low RES concentrations display an increasing trend. The BCDE of RES on PKC activity is abrogated by the ROS scavenger Tempol, indicating that this enzyme acts downstream of the RES-elicited ROS signaling. The RES-induced BCDE on HUVEC cell cycle machinery was also blunted by the flavin inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), implicating flavin oxidase-generated ROS as the mechanistic link in the cellular response to different RES concentrations. Finally, PKC inhibition abrogates the BCDE elicited by RES on both cell cycle progression and pro-apoptotic gene expression in HUVECs, mechanistically implicating PKC in the cellular response to different RES concentrations. Conclusions: Our results provide new molecular insight into the impact of RES on endothelial function/dysfunction, further confirming that obtaining an optimal benefit of RES is concentration-dependent. Importantly, the BCDE of RES could explain why other studies failed to establish the cardio-protective effects mediated by natural antioxidants, thus providing a guide for future investigation looking at cardio-protection by natural antioxidants.
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Gao Y, Sun Q, Yang X, Lu W, Zhao Y, Ge W, Yang Y, Xu X, Zhang J. Orally administered salecan ameliorates methotrexate-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:105-116. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Naewla S, Sirichoat A, Pannangrong W, Chaisawang P, Wigmore P, Welbat JU. Hesperidin Alleviates Methotrexate-Induced Memory Deficits via Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Adult Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040936. [PMID: 31027240 PMCID: PMC6521088 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist, is widely used in cancer treatment. However, treatment with MTX reduces hippocampal neurogenesis, leading to memory deficits. Hesperidin (Hsd) is a flavonoid glycoside that promotes anti-inflammation, acts as an antioxidant, and has neuroprotective properties. Consumption of Hsd enhances learning and memory. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of Hsd against MTX-induced impairments of memory and neurogenesis; male Sprague Dawley rats were administered with a single dose of MTX (75 mg/kg) by intravenous (i.v.) injection on days 8 and 15 or Hsd (100 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 21 days. Memory was tested using novel object location (NOL) and novel object recognition (NOR) tasks. Immunofluorescence staining of Ki-67, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and doublecortin (DCX) was performed to assess cell proliferation, survival, and immature neurons. The data showed that Hsd and MTX did not disable locomotor ability. The MTX animals exhibited memory deficits in both memory tests. There were significant decreases in the numbers of cell proliferation, survival, and immature neurons in the MTX animals. However, co-administration with MTX and Hsd alleviated memory loss and neurogenesis decline. These results revealed that Hsd could protect against MTX side effects in the animals in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinee Naewla
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Apiwat Sirichoat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Wanassanan Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Pornthip Chaisawang
- Faculty of Medical Science, Nakhonratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Miyata M, Kuroda M, Unakami M, Tasaki K, Migita K, Ohira H. Validation of the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index in the diagnosis of liver disease of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate. Mod Rheumatol 2019; 29:936-942. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1542962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Miyata
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fukushima-Red Cross Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masahito Kuroda
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fukushima-Red Cross Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Tasaki
- Department of Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology and Collagen Diseases, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Nagy G, Király G, Veres P, Lázár I, Fábián I, Bánfalvi G, Juhász I, Kalmár J. Controlled release of methotrexate from functionalized silica-gelatin aerogel microparticles applied against tumor cell growth. Int J Pharm 2019; 558:396-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Kern S, Truebenbach I, Höhn M, Gorges J, Kazmaier U, Zahler S, Vollmar AM, Wagner E. Combined antitumoral effects of pretubulysin and methotrexate. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00460. [PMID: 30693087 PMCID: PMC6343018 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretubulysin (PT), a potent tubulin-binding antitumoral drug, and the well-established antimetabolite methotrexate (MTX) were tested separately or in combination (PT+MTX) for antitumoral activity in L1210 leukemia cells or KB cervix carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo in NMRI-nu/nu tumor mouse models. In cultured L1210 cells, treatment with PT or MTX displays strong antitumoral effects in vitro, and the combination PT+MTX exceeds the effect of single drugs. PT also potently kills the MTX resistant KB cell line, without significant MTX combination effect. Cell cycle analysis reveals the expected arrest in G1/S by MTX and in G2/M by PT. In both cell lines, the PT+MTX combination induces a G2/M arrest which is stronger than the PT-triggered G2/M arrest. PT+MTX does not change rates of apoptotic L1210 or KB cells as compared to single drug applications. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images show the microtubule disruption and nuclear fragmentation induced by PT treatment of L1210 and KB cells. MTX changes the architecture of the F-actin skeleton. PT+MTX combines the toxic effects of both drugs. In the in vivo setting, the antitumoral activity of drugs differs from their in vitro cytotoxicity, but their combination effects are more pronounced. MTX on its own does not display significant antitumoral activity, whereas PT reduces tumor growth in both L1210 and KB in vivo models. Consistent with the cell cycle effects, MTX combined at moderate dose boosts the antitumoral effect of PT in both in vivo tumor models. Therefore, the PT+MTX combination may present a promising therapeutic approach for different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kern
- Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCenter for System‐Based Drug Research, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS)Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Ines Truebenbach
- Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCenter for System‐Based Drug Research, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS)Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Miriam Höhn
- Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCenter for System‐Based Drug Research, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS)Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Jan Gorges
- Institute for Organic ChemistrySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute for Organic ChemistrySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Pharmaceutical BiologyCenter for System‐Based Drug ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Angelika M. Vollmar
- Pharmaceutical BiologyCenter for System‐Based Drug ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCenter for System‐Based Drug Research, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS)Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
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Cheng Y, Chang C, Chang T, Li H, Hung H, Liu G, Lin C. Aβ stimulates microglial activation through antizyme‐dependent downregulation of ornithine decarboxylase. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9733-9745. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Wen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine Yuanli Lee's General Hospital, Lee's Medical Corporation Miaoli Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Cheng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine Dajia Lee's General Hospital, Lee's Medical Corporation Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ti‐Sheng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine Dajia Lee's General Hospital, Lee's Medical Corporation Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Hua Li
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hui‐Chih Hung
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Guang‐Yaw Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Li Lin
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
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Effects of lentivirus-mediated ornithine decarboxylase gene on the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rats with arthritis. Life Sci 2018; 194:224-230. [PMID: 28986097 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effects of lentivirus-mediated ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene on the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Twenty Lewis rats were randomized into control group (ten rats without processing) and RA group (ten rats of adjuvant-induced arthritis). The third-generation FLSs were randomized into test, control and blank groups. MTT assay and flow cytometry were employed to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-2 (IL-2). RESULTS Lewis rats in the RA group became ill from 11days on and got seriously ill 18days after modeling. However, rats in the control group had no obvious change. MTT assay showed that the test group had higher cell proliferation than the blank and control groups (P1<0.001; P2<0.001). Flow cytometry revealed that the apoptosis of FLSs in the test group was significantly lower than that in the blank and control groups (P1<0.001; P2<0.001). ELISA showed that the test group had higher TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2 level than the control and blank groups (all P<0.001), but no significant difference was found between the control and blank groups (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION The results indicated that overexpression of ODC gene promotes the proliferation while suppressing apoptosis of FLSs in rats with RA.
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Chatterjee B, Raza A, Ghosh SS. Developing single-entity theranostic: drug-based fluorescent nanoclusters with augmented cytotoxicity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:283-295. [PMID: 29345211 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop methotrexate (MTX) templated luminescent gold nanoclusters (NCs) as a single unit nanotheranostic for cancer therapy and to assess its potential as an alternative to the parent drug, for drug delivery vehicles (DDVs). METHODS Theranostics were synthesized and extensively characterized. The stability of the theranostic and its bioimaging aptitude were evaluated. The antiproliferative propensity of the theranostic was gauged with cell viability assays and was supplemented with cytometry-based assays. Feasibility of delivering the MTX NCs instead of parent drug on a DDV was also checked. RESULTS MTX NCs displayed remarkable physical characteristics and augmented cytotoxicity with a robust stability in phosphate-buffered saline and serum. MTX NCs also demonstrated their amenability to being loaded on a DDV (chitosan folic acid nanoparticles) while retaining their physical and cytotoxic profile. CONCLUSION Generation of next level drug-based theranostics with the potential of replacing the free drug in drug delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandhan Chatterjee
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Asif Raza
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Zhang K, Kim H, Fu Z, Qiu Y, Yang Z, Wang J, Zhang D, Tong X, Yin L, Li J, Wu J, Qi NR, Houten SM, Zhang R. Deficiency of the Mitochondrial NAD Kinase Causes Stress-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Mice. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:224-237. [PMID: 28923496 PMCID: PMC5742027 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) kinase (NADK2, also called MNADK) catalyzes phosphorylation of NAD to yield NADP. Little is known about the functions of mitochondrial NADP and MNADK in liver physiology and pathology. We investigated the effects of reduced mitochondrial NADP by deleting MNADK in mice. METHODS We generated MNADK knockout (KO) mice on a C57BL/6NTac background; mice with a wild-type Mnadk gene were used as controls. Some mice were placed on an atherogenic high-fat diet (16% fat, 41% carbohydrate, and 1.25% cholesterol supplemented with 0.5% sodium cholate) or given methotrexate intraperitoneally. We measured rates of fatty acid oxidation in primary hepatocytes using radiolabeled palmitate and in mice using indirect calorimetry. We measured levels of reactive oxygen species in mouse livers and primary hepatocytes. Metabolomic analyses were used to quantify serum metabolites, such as amino acids and acylcarnitines. RESULTS The KO mice had metabolic features of MNADK-deficient patients, such as increased serum concentrations of lysine and C10:2 carnitine. When placed on the atherogenic high-fat diet, the KO mice developed features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and had increased levels of reactive oxygen species in livers and primary hepatocytes, compared with control mice. During fasting, the KO mice had a defect in fatty acid oxidation. MNADK deficiency reduced the activation of cAMP-responsive element binding protein-hepatocyte specific and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, which are transcriptional activators that mediate the fasting response. The activity of mitochondrial sirtuins was reduced in livers of the KO mice. Methotrexate inhibited the catalytic activity of MNADK in hepatocytes and in livers in mice with methotrexate injection. In mice given injections of methotrexate, supplementation of a diet with nicotinamide riboside, an NAD precursor, replenished hepatic NADP and protected the mice from hepatotoxicity, based on markers such as increased level of serum alanine aminotransferase. CONCLUSION MNADK facilitates fatty acid oxidation, counteracts oxidative damage, maintains mitochondrial sirtuin activity, and prevents metabolic stress-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Hyunbae Kim
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhiyao Fu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yining Qiu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhao Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jiemei Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Jianmei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Nathan R. Qi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sander M. Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ren Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
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Maladaptive DNA repair is the ultimate contributor to the death of trimethoprim-treated cells under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11512-11517. [PMID: 29073080 PMCID: PMC5664507 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706236114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance leads to substantial mortality and morbidity and significant economic cost because it seriously undermines our ability to treat bacterial infections. Therefore, a better understanding of the effect of antibiotics on bacteria is needed to increase the effectiveness of treatments and slow the emergence of resistance. The bactericidal effects of antibiotics are triggered by target-specific interactions, but there is growing evidence that an important part of their cytotoxicity results from metabolic disturbances induced by treatment. In this article, we report that the perturbation of DNA replication by a wide-spectrum antibiotic, trimethoprim, affects bacterial metabolism, which provokes the production of genotoxic agents and DNA damage, whose processing ultimately contributes to cell death under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The bactericidal effects of antibiotics are undoubtedly triggered by target-specific interactions, but there is growing evidence that an important aspect of cytotoxicity results from treatment-induced metabolic perturbations. In this study, we characterized molecular mechanisms whereby trimethoprim treatment results in cell death, using Escherichia coli as the model organism. E. coli cells grown in rich medium that contained all amino acids and low amounts of thymidine were treated with trimethoprim under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Under these growth conditions, accelerated thymine depletion is the primary trigger of the processes leading to cell death. Thymine depletion-induced DNA replication stress leads to the production of reactive oxygen species under aerobic conditions and of the DNA-damaging byproducts of nitrate respiration under anaerobic conditions. Lowering the DNA replication initiation rate by introducing the dnaA(Sx) allele or by overexpressing Hda protein reduces the number of active replication forks, which reduces the consumption of thymidine and increases resistance to trimethoprim under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Analysis of the involvement of DNA repair enzymes in trimethoprim-induced cytotoxicity clearly indicates that different amounts and/or different types of DNA lesions are produced in the presence or absence of oxygen. Maladaptive processing of the DNA damage by DNA repair enzymes, in particular by MutM and MutY DNA glycosylases, ultimately contributes to cell death.
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Chang CJ, Lin JF, Hsiao CY, Chang HH, Li HJ, Chang HH, Lee GA, Hung CF. Lutein Induces Autophagy via Beclin-1 Upregulation in IEC-6 Rat Intestinal Epithelial Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1273-1291. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lutein is a carotenoid with anti-oxidant properties. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved catabolic cellular pathway for coping with stress conditions, is responsive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and degrades damaged organelles. We previously demonstrated that lutein can induce anti-oxidant enzymes to relieve methotrexate-induced ROS stress. We therefore hypothesized that lutein, which activates ROS-scavenging enzymes, can also induce autophagy for cell survival. In this study, we demonstrated that lutein treatment attenuated the reduction in cell viability caused by H2O2. Lutein dose-dependently induced the processing of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II, an autophagy marker protein, and accumulation of LC3-positive puncta in rat intestinal IEC-6 cells. Furthermore, (a) direct observation of autophagosome formation through transmission electron microscopy, (b) upregulation of autophagy-related genes including ATG4A, ATG5, ATG7, ATG12, and beclin-1 (BENC1), and (c) increased BECN1/Bcl-2 ratio confirmed the induction of autophagy by lutein. The results revealed that bafilomycin-A1-induced inhibition of autophagy reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis in lutein-treated cells, indicating a protective role of lutein-induced autophagy. Lutein treatment also activated adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p-38, but had no effects on the induction of extracellular signal-related kinase or inhibition of mTOR; however, the inhibition of activated AMPK, JNK, or p-38 did not attenuate lutein-induced autophagy. Finally, increased BECN1 expression levels were detected in lutein-treated cells, and BECN1 knockdown abolished autophagy induction. These results suggest that lutein-induced autophagy was mediated by the upregulation of BECN1 in IEC-6 cells. We are the first to demonstrate that lutein induces autophagy. Elevated autophagy in lutein-treated IEC-6 cells may have a protective role against various stresses, and this warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Chang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Fan Lin
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Hao Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiology, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ju Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Hsien Chang
- Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Harvard-Massachusetts, Institute of Technology/Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gon-Ann Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Ali N, Rashid S, Nafees S, Hasan SK, Shahid A, Majed F, Sultana S. Protective effect of Chlorogenic acid against methotrexate induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rat liver: An experimental approach. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:80-91. [PMID: 28479099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug which is used to treat different types of cancers but hepatotoxicity limits its clinical use. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is one of the most abundant naturally occurring polyphenols in the human diet. Here, we assessed the effect of CGA against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and investigated the underlying possible mechanisms in Wistar Rats. Rats were pre-treated with CGA (50 or 100 mg kg/b.w) and administered a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg, b.w.). MTX caused hepatotoxicity as evidenced by significant increase in serum toxicity markers, histopathological changes. decreased activities of anti-oxidant armory (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR) and GSH content. MTX significantly causes upregulation of iNOS, Cox-2, Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 expressions, it causes higher caspase 3, 9 activities. However CGA pretreatment alleviates the hepatotoxicity by decreasing the oxidative stress. CGA inhibited Cox-2, iNOS, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspases 3, 9 mediated inflammation and apoptosis, and improve the histology induced by MTX. Thus, these findings demonstrated the hepatoprotective nature of CGA by attenuating the pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators and improving antioxidant competence in hepatic tissue. These results imply that CGA has perfective effect against MTX-induced liver injury. Hence CGA supplementation might be helpful in abrogation of MTX toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemat Ali
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sana Nafees
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Syed Kazim Hasan
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ayaz Shahid
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ferial Majed
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sarwat Sultana
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Arpag H, Gül M, Aydemir Y, Atilla N, Yiğitcan B, Cakir T, Polat C, Þehirli Ö, Sayan M. Protective Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Methotrexate-Induced Oxidative Lung Injury in Rats. J INVEST SURG 2017; 31:107-113. [PMID: 28340320 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2017.1296513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of methotrexate induced lung injury (MILI). Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), which occurs naturally in human food, has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to research the potential protective role of ALA on MILI in rats. METHODS Twenty one rats were randomly subdivided into three groups: control (group I), methotrexate (MTX) treated (group II), and MTX+ALA treated (group III). Lung injury was performed with a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) to groups 2 and 3. On the sixth day, animals in all groups were sacrificed by decapitation and lung tissue and blood samples were removed for histological examination and also measurement the levels of interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and sodium potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+ATPase). RESULTS In MTX group tissue GSH, Na+/K+ATPase activities were lower, tissue MDA, MPO and plasma IL-1?, TNF-? were significantly higher than the other groups. Histopathological examination showed that lung injury was less severe in group 2 according to group 3. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative damage of MTX in rat lung is partially reduced when combined with ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Arpag
- a Department of Chest Disease , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Medical Faculty , Kahramanmaras , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gül
- b Department of Histology , Malatya Inonu University Medical Faculty , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Aydemir
- c Department of Chest Diseases , Sakarya University Medical Faculty , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Nurhan Atilla
- a Department of Chest Disease , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Medical Faculty , Kahramanmaras , Turkey
| | - Birgül Yiğitcan
- b Department of Histology , Malatya Inonu University Medical Faculty , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Tugrul Cakir
- d Department of General Surgery , Antalya Education and Research Hospital , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Cemal Polat
- e Department of Biochemistry , Public Health Laboratuary , Kütahya , Turkey
| | - Özer Þehirli
- f Department of Pharmacology , Marmara University Medicine Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey and Near East University Faculty of Denstry , Nicosia , North Cyprus
| | - Muhammet Sayan
- g Department of Thoracic Surgery , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , Turkey
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Mechanism of action of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis, and the search for biomarkers. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:731-742. [PMID: 27784891 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The treatment and outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been transformed over the past two decades. Low disease activity and remission are now frequently achieved, and this success is largely the result of the evolution of treatment paradigms and the introduction of new therapeutic agents. Despite the rapid pace of change, the most commonly used drug in RA remains methotrexate, which is considered the anchor drug for this condition. In this Review, we describe the known pharmacokinetic properties and putative mechanisms of action of methotrexate. Consideration of the pharmacodynamic perspective could inform the development of biomarkers of responsiveness to methotrexate, enabling therapy to be targeted to specific groups of patients. Such biomarkers could revolutionize the management of RA.
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Olayinka ET, Ore A, Adeyemo OA, Ola OS. Ameliorative Effect of Gallic Acid on Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rat. J Xenobiot 2016; 6:6092. [PMID: 30701050 PMCID: PMC6324488 DOI: 10.4081/xeno.2016.6092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the protective effect of gallic acid (GA) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups (n = 6/group): I, control; II, MTX-treated for seven days; III, pre-treated with GA for seven days, followed by MTX for seven days; IV, co-treated with MTX and GA for seven days and V, GA for seven days. MTX caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in plasma biomarkers of nephrotoxicity (urea, creatinine) and hepatotoxicity (Bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase) when compared with control. Furthermore, MTX caused a significant decrease in the activities of hepatic enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) and nonenzymic antioxidants (Vitamin C and glutathione), followed by a significant increase in hepatic malondialdehyde content. However, pre-treatment and co-treatment with gallic acid ameliorated the MTX-induced biochemical changes observed. Taken together, GA protected against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats, by reducing the impact of oxidative damage to tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Tunde Olayinka
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Ayokanmi Ore
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatobi Adewumi Adeyemo
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Solomon Ola
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Arslan A, Ozcicek A, Suleyman B, Coban TA, Cimen FK, Nalkiran HS, Kuzucu M, Altuner D, Cetin N, Suleyman H. Effects of nimesulide on the small intestine mucositis induced by methotrexate in rats. Exp Anim 2016; 65:329-336. [PMID: 27333839 PMCID: PMC5111835 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.15-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is one of the major problems in the patients receiving cancer treatment. Nimesulide is a drug with antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiulcer features. We aimed to investigate the effect of nimesulide on the small intestine mucositis induced by methotrexate (MTX) in rats. Experimental animals were divided into the control group, MTX group (MTXG) and nimesulide+MTX administered group (NMTXG) with eight rats per group. The control and MTXG groups were given distilled water by gavage and the NMTXG was given nimesulide 100 mg/kg orally. After one hour, the NMTXG and MTXG rat groups were administered oral MTX 5 mg/kg. This procedure was repeated once a day for 15 days and the rats were sacrificed. The duodenum and jejunum of each rat was removed for the assessment of biochemical markers and histopathological evaluation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were significantly higher in the duodenal and jejunal tissues of the animals which received MTX, compared to the control and NMTXG (P<0.001). Also, the levels of total glutathione (tGSH), glutathione reductase (GSHRd), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly lower in the MTXG (P<0.001) compared to other groups. MTX led to villus and crypt epithelial damage and inflammation containing marked PMNL and eosinophils in the intestinal tissues histopathologically. Whereas, there was only mild irregularities in the villus structures of the NMTXG. Nimesulide protected the small intestines against damage by MTX. Intestinal mucositis caused by MTX may be preventable by co-administered nimesulide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Arslan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istinye State Hospital, 34465, Istanbul, Turkey
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Natarajan K, Abraham P. Methotrexate administration induces differential and selective protein tyrosine nitration and cysteine nitrosylation in the subcellular organelles of the small intestinal mucosa of rats. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 251:45-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gautam R, Singh M, Gautam S, Rawat JK, Saraf SA, Kaithwas G. Rutin attenuates intestinal toxicity induced by Methotrexate linked with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:99. [PMID: 26965456 PMCID: PMC4785621 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is recognized as an anti-metabolite in cancer chemotherapy and is associated with various toxicities assigned to inflammation and oxidative stress. Rutin has been reported to have significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant along with antiulcer properties. The present study was undertaken to corroborate the effect of rutin against MTX induced intestinal toxicity in experimental animals. METHOD Six groups of rats (n = 6) were dosed with normal saline (3 ml/kg,i.p.); MTX (2.5 mg/kg,i.p.); rutin (50 and 100 mg/kg,i.p.); rutin + MTX (50 mg/kg + 2.5 mg/kg,i.p.); rutin + MTX (100 mg/kg + 2.5 mg/kg,i.p.) for seven consecutive days and sacrificed on eighth day. The intestinal contents were scrutinized physiologically (pH, total acidity, free acidity, CMDI), biochemically (TBARS, protein carbonyl, SOD, catalase and GSH) and for immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The administration of rutin demonstrated significant protection against intestinal lesions damaged by MTX. The treatment with rutin elicited noticeable inhibition of free acidity (26.20%), total acidity (22.05%) and CMDI (1.16%) in the experimental animals similar to control. In MTX treated toxic group, the levels of oxidative markers and immunoregulatory cytokines significantly increased in comparison to control, which was subsequently restored after rutin treatment. Rutin also demonstrated 75.63, 81.00 and 80.43% inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and 2, and 15-lipoxygenase respectively. CONCLUSION The positive modulation of MTX toxicity could be attributed to the free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory (dual inhibition of arachidonic acid pathways) potential of rutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, U. P, India
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, U. P, India
| | - Swetlana Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, U. P, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Rawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, U. P, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, U. P, India
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, U. P, India.
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Schumacher JD, Guo GL. Mechanistic review of drug-induced steatohepatitis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:40-7. [PMID: 26344000 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced steatohepatitis is a rare form of liver injury known to be caused by only a handful of compounds. These compounds stimulate the development of steatohepatitis through their toxicity to hepatocyte mitochondria; inhibition of beta-oxidation, mitochondrial respiration, and/or oxidative phosphorylation. Other mechanisms discussed include the disruption of phospholipid metabolism in lysosomes, prevention of lipid egress from hepatocytes, targeting mitochondrial DNA and topoisomerase, decreasing intestinal barrier function, activation of the adenosine pathway, increasing fatty acid synthesis, and sequestration of coenzyme A. It has been found that the majority of compounds that induce steatohepatitis have cationic amphiphilic structures; a lipophilic ring structure with a side chain containing a cationic secondary or tertiary amine. Within the last decade, the ability of many chemotherapeutics to cause steatohepatitis has become more evident coining the term chemotherapy-associated steatohepatitis (CASH). The mechanisms behind drug-induced steatohepatitis are discussed with a focus on cationic amphiphilic drugs and chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Schumacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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Trencsenyi G, Bako F, Nagy G, Kertai P, Banfalvi G. Methotrexate induced apoptotic and necrotic chromatin changes in rat myeloid leukemia cells. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:193-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Lee CY, Liu YL, Lin CL, Liu GY, Hung HC. Functional roles of the dimer-interface residues in human ornithine decarboxylase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104865. [PMID: 25140796 PMCID: PMC4139326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyzes the decarboxylation of ornithine to putrescine and is the rate-limiting enzyme in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway. ODC is a dimeric enzyme, and the active sites of this enzyme reside at the dimer interface. Once the enzyme dissociates, the enzyme activity is lost. In this paper, we investigated the roles of amino acid residues at the dimer interface regarding the dimerization, protein stability and/or enzyme activity of ODC. A multiple sequence alignment of ODC and its homologous protein antizyme inhibitor revealed that 5 of 9 residues (residues 165, 277, 331, 332 and 389) are divergent, whereas 4 (134, 169, 294 and 322) are conserved. Analytical ultracentrifugation analysis suggested that some dimer-interface amino acid residues contribute to formation of the dimer of ODC and that this dimerization results from the cooperativity of these interface residues. The quaternary structure of the sextuple mutant Y331S/Y389D/R277S/D332E/V322D/D134A was changed to a monomer rather than a dimer, and the Kd value of the mutant was 52.8 µM, which is over 500-fold greater than that of the wild-type ODC (ODC_WT). In addition, most interface mutants showed low but detectable or negligible enzyme activity. Therefore, the protein stability of these interface mutants was measured by differential scanning calorimetry. These results indicate that these dimer-interface residues are important for dimer formation and, as a consequence, are critical for enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Liang Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yaw Liu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HCH); (GYL)
| | - Hui-Chih Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung-Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HCH); (GYL)
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Chen P, Wang H, Duan Z, Zou JX, Chen H, He W, Wang J. Estrogen-related receptor alpha confers methotrexate resistance via attenuation of reactive oxygen species production and P53 mediated apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:616025. [PMID: 24967384 PMCID: PMC4055217 DOI: 10.1155/2014/616025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor mainly occurring in children and adolescents. Methotrexate (MTX), a chemotherapy agent, is widely used in treating OS. However, treatment failures are common due to acquired chemoresistance, for which the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we report that overexpression of estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERR α ), an orphan nuclear receptor, promoted cell survival and blocked MTX-induced cell death in U2OS cells. We showed that MTX induced ROS production in MTX-sensitive U2OS cells while ERR α effectively blocked the ROS production and ROS associated cell apoptosis. Our further studies demonstrated that ERR α suppressed ROS induction of tumor suppressor P53 and its target genes NOXA and XAF1 which are mediators of P53-dependent apoptosis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ERR α plays an important role in the development of MTX resistance through blocking MTX-induced ROS production and attenuating the activation of p53 mediated apoptosis signaling pathway, and points to ERR α as a novel target for improving osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Haibin Wang
- State Key Hip Joints Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Zhijian Duan
- Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - June X. Zou
- Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hongwu Chen
- Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Wei He
- State Key Hip Joints Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Pigott E, DuHadaway JB, Muller AJ, Gilmour S, Prendergast GC, Mandik-Nayak L. 1-Methyl-tryptophan synergizes with methotrexate to alleviate arthritis in a mouse model of arthritis. Autoimmunity 2014; 47:409-18. [PMID: 24798341 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2014.914507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease with no known cure. Current strategies to treat RA, including methotrexate (MTX), target the later inflammatory stage of disease. Recently, we showed that inhibiting indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) with 1-methyl-tryptophan (1MT) targets autoantibodies and cytokines that drive the initiation of the autoimmune response. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining 1MT with MTX would target both the initiation and chronic inflammatory phases of the autoimmune response and be an effective co-therapeutic strategy for arthritis. To test this, we used K/BxN mice, a pre-clinical model of arthritis that develops joint-specific inflammation with many characteristics of human RA. Mice were treated with 1MT, MTX, alone or in combination, and followed for arthritis, autoantibodies, and inflammatory cytokines. Both 1MT and MTX were able to partially inhibit arthritis when used individually; however, combining MTX + 1MT was significantly more effective than either treatment alone at delaying the onset and alleviating the severity of joint inflammation. We went on to show that combination of MTX + 1MT did not lower inflammatory cytokine or autoantibody levels, nor could the synergistic co-therapeutic effect be reversed by the adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline or be mimicked by inhibition of polyamine synthesis. However, supplementation with folinic acid did reverse the synergistic co-therapeutic effect, demonstrating that, in the K/BxN model, MTX synergizes with 1MT by blocking folate metabolism. These data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of IDO with 1MT is a potential candidate for use in combination with MTX to increase its efficacy in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Pigott
- The Lankenau Institute for Medical Research , Wynnewood, PA , USA
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Lee SY, Park SH, Lee SW, Lee SH, Son MK, Choi YH, Chung WT, Yoo YH. Synoviocyte apoptosis may differentiate responder and non-responder patients to methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:1286-94. [PMID: 24988987 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether methotrexate (MTX) in vitro induces apoptosis in synoviocytes obtained from rheumatoid arthritis patients and whether the apoptosis inducing effect of MTX to synoviocytes is correlated with the clinical responsiveness to MTX in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We evaluated 18 patients with RA taking MTX 15-20 mg/week as the subject group (nine responders and nine non-responders) and ten patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and nine patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) as the control group. Synoviocytes, cultured from the synovial fluid of the knee joint of each subject, were used for experiments between passages 4 and 6, and were treated with MTX. The induction of apoptosis was determined by the quantification of DNA hypoploidy by flow cytometry, nuclear morphology, caspases activation, DNA electrophoresis, and mitochondrial membrane potential measurements. The viability of synoviocytes treated with MTX was different between the MTX responders and nonresponders. MTX induced apoptosis in cultured synoviocytes by mitochondria- and caspase-dependent manners in the MTX responders but did not in the MTX non-responder, OA, and AS patients. The apoptotic responsiveness of the synoviocytes to MTX predicts the sensitivity to MTX treatment and provides a method determine the early application of an anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agent in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yeob Lee
- Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, Pusan, Republic of Korea,
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Kageyama Y, Takahashi M, Nagafusa T, Torikai E, Nagano A. Methotrexate reduces the levels of pentosidine and 8-hydroxy-deoxy guanosine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-007-0607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chang CJ, Lin JF, Chang HH, Lee GA, Hung CF. Lutein protects against methotrexate-induced and reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptotic cell injury of IEC-6 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72553. [PMID: 24039779 PMCID: PMC3765170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose High-dose chemotherapy using methotrexate (MTX) frequently induces side effects such as mucositis that leads to intestinal damage and diarrhea. Several natural compounds have been demonstrated of their effectiveness in protecting intestinal epithelial cells from these adverse effects. In this paper, we investigated the protection mechanism of lutein against MTX-induced damage in IEC-6 cells originating from the rat jejunum crypt. Methods The cell viability, induced-apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential in IEC-6 cells under MTX treatment were examined in the presence or absence of lutein. Expression level of Bcl2, Bad and ROS scavenging enzymes (including SOD, catalase and Prdx1) were detected by quantitative RT-PCR. Results The cell viability of IEC-6 cells exposed to MTX was decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MTX induces mitochondrial membrane potential loss, ROS generation and caspase 3 activation in IEC-6 cells. The cytotoxicity of MTX was reduced in IEC-6 cells by the 24 h pre-treatment of lutein. We found that pre-treatment of lutein significantly reduces MTX-induced ROS and apoptosis. The expression of SOD was up-regulated by the pre-treatment of lutein in the MTX-treated IEC-6 cells. These results indicated that lutein can protect IEC-6 cells from the chemo-drugs induced damage through increasing ROS scavenging ability. Conclusion The MTX-induced apoptosis of IEC-6 cells was shown to be repressed by the pre-treatment of lutein, which may represent a promising adjunct to conventional chemotherapy for preventing intestinal damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Chang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Fan Lin
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Hsien Chang
- Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gon-Ann Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kadariya Y, Tang B, Wang L, Al-Saleem T, Hayakawa K, Slifker MJ, Kruger WD. Germline Mutations in Mtap Cooperate with Myc to Accelerate Tumorigenesis in Mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67635. [PMID: 23840755 PMCID: PMC3694069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The gene encoding the methionine salvage pathway methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently inactivated in a wide variety of human cancers. In this study, we have examined if heterozygosity for a null mutation in Mtap (MtaplacZ) could accelerate tumorigenesis development in two different mouse cancer models, Eμ-myc transgenic and Pten+/−. Methods Mtap Eμ-myc and Mtap Pten mice were generated and tumor-free survival was monitored over time. Tumors were also examined for a variety of histological and protein markers. In addition, microarray analysis was performed on the livers of MtaplacZ/+ and Mtap+/+ mice. Results Survival in both models was significantly decreased in MtaplacZ/+ compared to Mtap+/+ mice. In Eµ-myc mice, Mtap mutations accelerated the formation of lymphomas from cells in the early pre-B stage, and these tumors tended to be of higher grade and have higher expression levels of ornithine decarboxylase compared to those observed in control Eµ-myc Mtap+/+ mice. Surprisingly, examination of Mtap status in lymphomas in Eµ-myc MtaplacZ/+ and Eµ-myc Mtap+/+ animals did not reveal significant differences in the frequency of loss of Mtap protein expression, despite having shorter latency times, suggesting that haploinsufficiency of Mtap may be playing a direct role in accelerating tumorigenesis. Consistent with this idea, microarray analysis on liver tissue from age and sex matched Mtap+/+ and MtaplacZ/+ animals found 363 transcripts whose expression changed at least 1.5-fold (P<0.01). Functional categorization of these genes reveals enrichments in several pathways involved in growth control and cancer. Conclusion Our findings show that germline inactivation of a single Mtap allele alters gene expression and enhances lymphomagenesis in Eµ-myc mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwaraj Kadariya
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Baiqing Tang
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Liqun Wang
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Tahseen Al-Saleem
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Kyoko Hayakawa
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Michael J. Slifker
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Warren D. Kruger
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
- * E-mail: .
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Barros S, Mencia N, Rodríguez L, Oleaga C, Santos C, Noé V, Ciudad CJ. The redox state of cytochrome c modulates resistance to methotrexate in human MCF7 breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63276. [PMID: 23675469 PMCID: PMC3652835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methotrexate is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat a variety of cancers. However, the occurrence of resistance limits its effectiveness. Cytochrome c in its reduced state is less capable of triggering the apoptotic cascade. Thus, we set up to study the relationship among redox state of cytochrome c, apoptosis and the development of resistance to methotrexate in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Results Cell incubation with cytochrome c-reducing agents, such as tetramethylphenylenediamine, ascorbate or reduced glutathione, decreased the mortality and apoptosis triggered by methotrexate. Conversely, depletion of glutathione increased the apoptotic action of methotrexate, showing an involvement of cytochrome c redox state in methotrexate-induced apoptosis. Methotrexate-resistant MCF7 cells showed increased levels of endogenous reduced glutathione and a higher capability to reduce exogenous cytochrome c. Using functional genomics we detected the overexpression of GSTM1 and GSTM4 in methotrexate-resistant MCF7 breast cancer cells, and determined that methotrexate was susceptible of glutathionylation by GSTs. The inhibition of these GSTM isoforms caused an increase in methotrexate cytotoxicity in sensitive and resistant cells. Conclusions We conclude that overexpression of specific GSTMs, GSTM1 and GSTM4, together with increased endogenous reduced glutathione levels help to maintain a more reduced state of cytochrome c which, in turn, would decrease apoptosis, thus contributing to methotrexate resistance in human MCF7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Barros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Núria Mencia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Oleaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Verónique Noé
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos J. Ciudad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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