1
|
Olędzka AJ, Czerwińska ME. Role of Plant-Derived Compounds in the Molecular Pathways Related to Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054666. [PMID: 36902097 PMCID: PMC10003729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the primary response to infection and injury. Its beneficial effect is an immediate resolution of the pathophysiological event. However, sustained production of inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species and cytokines may cause alterations in DNA integrity and lead to malignant cell transformation and cancer. More attention has recently been paid to pyroptosis, which is an inflammatory necrosis that activates inflammasomes and the secretion of cytokines. Taking into consideration that phenolic compounds are widely available in diet and medicinal plants, their role in the prevention and support of the treatment of chronic diseases is apparent. Recently, much attention has been paid to explaining the significance of isolated compounds in the molecular pathways related to inflammation. Therefore, this review aimed to screen reports concerning the molecular mode of action assigned to phenolic compounds. The most representative compounds from the classes of flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, and phenolic glycosides were selected for this review. Our attention was focused mainly on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Literature searching was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Medline databases. In conclusion, based on the available literature, phenolic compounds regulate NF-κB, Nrf2, and MAPK signaling, which supports their potential role in chronic inflammatory disorders, including osteoarthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular, and pulmonary disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata J. Olędzka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika E. Czerwińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-116-61-85
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meng Z, Liu J, Feng Z, Guo S, Wang M, Wang Z, Li Z, Li H, Sui L. N-acetylcysteine regulates dental follicle stem cell osteogenesis and alveolar bone repair via ROS scavenging. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:466. [PMID: 36076278 PMCID: PMC9461171 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) show mesenchymal stem cell properties with the potential for alveolar bone regeneration. Stem cell properties can be impaired by reactive oxygen species (ROS), prompting us to examine the importance of scavenging ROS for stem cell-based tissue regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a promising antioxidant, on the properties of DFSCs and DFSC-based alveolar bone regeneration. Methods DFSCs were cultured in media supplemented with different concentrations of NAC (0–10 mM). Cytologic experiments, RNA-sequencing and antioxidant assays were performed in vitro in human DFSCs (hDFSCs). Rat maxillary first molar extraction models were constructed, histological and radiological examinations were performed at day 7 post-surgery to investigate alveolar bone regeneration in tooth extraction sockets after local transplantation of NAC, rat DFSCs (rDFSCs) or NAC-treated rDFSCs. Results 5 mM NAC-treated hDFSCs exhibited better proliferation, less senescent rate, higher stem cell-specific marker and immune-related factor expression with the strongest osteogenic differentiation; other concentrations were also beneficial for maintaining stem cell properties. RNA-sequencing identified 803 differentially expressed genes between hDFSCs with and without 5 mM NAC. “Developmental process (GO:0032502)” was prominent, bioinformatic analysis of 394 involved genes revealed functional and pathway enrichment of ossification and PI3K/AKT pathway, respectively. Furthermore, after NAC treatment, the reduction of ROS levels (ROS, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide), the induction of antioxidant levels (glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase), the upregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling (PI3K-p110, PI3K-p85, AKT, phosphorylated-PI3K-p85, phosphorylated-AKT) and the rebound of ROS level upon PI3K/AKT inhibition were showed. Local transplantation of NAC, rDFSCs or NAC-treated rDFSCs was safe and promoted oral socket bone formation after tooth extraction, with application of NAC-treated rDFSCs possessing the best effect. Conclusions The proper concentration of NAC enhances DFSC properties, especially osteogenesis, via PI3K/AKT/ROS signaling, and offers clinical potential for stem cell-based alveolar bone regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03161-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosong Meng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhipeng Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shuling Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mingzhe Wang
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lei Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Z, Zhang R, Shi W, Li L, Liu H, Liu Z, Wu L. The Multifunctional Benefits of Naturally Occurring Delphinidin and Its Glycosides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11288-11306. [PMID: 31557009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Delphinidin (Del) and its glycosides are water-soluble pigments, belonging to a subgroup of flavonoids. They are health-promoting candidates for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical uses, as indicated by exhibiting antioxidation, anti-inflammation, antimicroorganism, antidiabetes, antiobesity, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and anticancer properties. Glycosylation modification of Del is associated with increased stability and reduced biological activity. Del and its glycosides can be the alternative inhibitors of CBRs, ERα/β, EGFR, BCRP, and SGLT-1, and virtual docking indicates that the sugar moiety may not effectively interact with the active sites of the targets. Structure-based characteristics confer the multifunctional properties of Del and its glycosides. Because of their health-promoting effects, Del and its glycosides are promising and have been developed as potential pharmaceuticals. However, more investigation on the underlying mechanisms of Del and its glycosides in mediating cellular processes with high specificity are still needed. The research progression of Del and its glycosides over the last 10 years is comprehensively reviewed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Weimei Shi
- College of Pharmacy , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Pharmacy , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- School of Basic Medicine , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
OxiCyan®, a phytocomplex of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and spirulina (Spirulina platensis), exerts both direct antioxidant activity and modulation of ARE/Nrf2 pathway in HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
5
|
Protective effects of delphinidin against H 2O 2-induced oxidative injuries in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190689. [PMID: 31345961 PMCID: PMC6695502 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is now one of the leading causes of blindness in the elderly population and oxidative stress-induced damage to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells occurs as part of the pathogenesis of AMD. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of delphinidin (2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl) chromenylium-3,5,7-triol) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced toxicity in human ARPE-19 cells and its molecular mechanism. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and flow cytometry demonstrated that pretreatment of ARPE-19 cells with delphinidin (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) significantly increased cell viability and reduced the apoptosis from H2O2 (0.5 mM)-induced oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent manner, which was achieved by the inhibition of Bax, cytochrome c, and caspase-3 protein expression and enhancement of Bcl-2 protein. The same tendency was observed in ARPE-19 cells pre-treated with 15 mM of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) before the addition of H2O2. Furthermore, pre-incubation of ARPE-19 cells with delphinidin markedly inhibited the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Nox1 protein expression induced by H2O2. Moreover, the decreased antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PX) and elevated (MDA) level in H2O2-treated cells were reversed to the normal standard by the addition of delphinidin, which was regulated by increasing nuclear Nrf2 protein expression in ARPE-19 cells. Our results suggest that delphinidin effectively protects human ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage via anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects.
Collapse
|
6
|
Antiapoptotic Effect of β1 Blockers in Ascending Thoracic Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells: The Role of HSP70 Expression. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 72:86-96. [PMID: 29738368 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in the cellular adaptation to stress, a requisite for cell survival. The aortic wall appears to be a target for increased expression of HSPs during surgical stress. We aimed to define the expression and function of aortic HSP70 in 31 patients with normal ascending thoracic aortic diameter who underwent aortic valve replacement due to aortic valve stenosis and in 35 patients with dilated ascending thoracic aorta who underwent replacement of an ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm. To elucidate responsible signaling mechanisms we used an in vitro model of rat hypoxic aortic vascular smooth muscle cell (AVSMC) cultures. We demonstrated an increase in AVSMC HSP70 and an attenuation of the apoptotic markers (TUNEL-positive nuclei, caspase-3 activity, Bax/Bcl2 ratio) in aortic wall tissue specimens from both aortic valve stenosis and ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm patients on β1 blockade with metoprolol. In vitro, metoprolol treatment of hypoxic rat AVSMCs increased nitric oxide (NO) production, induced heat shock factor 1 transport to the nucleus, upregulated HSP70, decreased p53 phosphorylation and attenuated apoptosis. Blockade of NO production, resulted in decreased HSP70 and prevented the metoprolol-induced anti-apoptotic response of hypoxic AVSMCs. We demonstrate an anti-apoptotic effect of metoprolol dependent on NO-induced HSP70 expression, and thus augmentation of HSP70 expression should be considered as a therapeutic approach to limit apoptosis in the human ascending thoracic aorta of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee HJ, Jung YH, Choi GE, Kim JS, Chae CW, Han HJ. Role of HIF1 α Regulatory Factors in Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:8-20. [PMID: 30836734 PMCID: PMC6457711 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) is a master transcription factor that induces the transcription of genes involved in the metabolism and behavior of stem cells. HIF1-mediated adaptation to hypoxia is required to maintain the pluripotency and survival of stem cells under hypoxic conditions. HIF1 activity is well known to be tightly controlled by the alpha subunit of HIF1 (HIF1α). Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control HIF1 activity in stem cells will provide novel insights into stem cell biology under hypoxia. Recent research has unraveled the mechanistic details of HIF1α regulating processes, suggesting new strategies for regulating stem cells. This review summarizes recent experimental studies on the role of several regulatory factors (including calcium, 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, microtubule network, importin, and coactivators) in regulating HIF1α activity in stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National Universit
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National Universit
| | - Gee Euhn Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National Universit
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National Universit
| | - Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National Universit
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National Universit
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen J, Li HY, Wang D, Guo XZ. Delphinidin protects β2m-/Thy1+ bone marrow-derived hepatocyte stem cells against TGF-β1-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 297:109-118. [PMID: 30365941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
β2m-/Thy1+ bone marrow-derived hepatocyte stem cells (BDHSCs) have a potential to be applied for cellular treatment in liver cirrhosis. However, the resultant tissue regeneration is restricted by transplanted cells' death. The accumulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in liver fibrosis local microenvironment may play an essential role in the rapid cell death of implanted β2m-/Thy1+ BDHSCs. The main mechanism of poor survival of the target stem cells is still unknown. Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin, has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, whether this bio-active ingredient can substantially contribute to β2m-/Thy1+ BDHSCs' protection from TGF-β1 induced apoptosis in vitro remains to be elucidated. In the present research, we determined whether delphinidin pretreatment can improve the survival of β2m-/Thy1+ BDHSCs during exposure to TGF-β1 and elucidated its underlying mechanisms. By using TGF-β1, we induced the apoptosis of β2m-/Thy1+ BDHSCs and assessed the apoptotic rates up to 24 h by flow cytometry. β2m-/Thy1+ BDHSC proliferation was gauged using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl- 2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression grades of Bcl-2, Akt, caspase-3, and Bax were observed through Western blot analysis. We found that delphinidin can significantly impede TGF-β1-induced apoptosis dose-dependently, scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibit the discharge of caspase-3 in β2m-/Thy1+ BDHSCs. We also demonstrated that delphinidin can activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. The suppression of ROS and succeeding apoptosis was achieved by pretreatment with LY294002, a PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor. In summary, our findings revealed that delphinidin can protect β2m-/Thy1+ BDHSCs from apoptosis and ROS-dependent oxidative stress induced by the TGF-β1 via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. On the basis of these data, delphinidin can be regarded as a promising anti-apoptotic agent for enhancing β2m-/Thy1+ BDHSC survival during cell transplantation in liver cirrhosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenyang General Hospital of PLA, No. 83 Wenhua Road Shenyang City, 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenyang General Hospital of PLA, No. 83 Wenhua Road Shenyang City, 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenyang General Hospital of PLA, No. 83 Wenhua Road Shenyang City, 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenyang General Hospital of PLA, No. 83 Wenhua Road Shenyang City, 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bankoglu EE, Broscheit J, Arnaudov T, Roewer N, Stopper H. Protective effects of tricetinidin against oxidative stress inducers in rat kidney cells: A comparison with delphinidin and standard antioxidants. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:549-557. [PMID: 30266311 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The potential protective effect of tricetinidin as novel antioxidant is investigated and compared with selected known antioxidant substances in vitro. Dihydroethidium staining was performed to detect intracellular ROS formation and the protective effect of the antioxidant substances in combination with the superoxide-inducer antimycin a (AMA). Glutathione level, mitochondrial membrane potential and HO-1 expression were analysed for further characterization of the cellular response. The cytokinesis block micronucleus test was applied to investigate the anti-genotoxic effect of the substances against insulin induced genomic damage. AMA treatment caused a significant increase in intracellular ROS formation and insulin treatment induced a significant micronucleus induction in NRK cells. Combination of the antioxidant substances with AMA or insulin protected from the oxidative stress and the micronucleus-induction. All analysed antioxidants showed comparable effects on GSH production and mitochondrial membrane potential. Only delphinidin and tricetinidin caused an increase in HO-1 expression. Tricetinidin and delphinidin might be good candidates for development as an antioxidant supplement. Further research is necessary to show possible therapeutic and preventive effects of tricetinidin and delphinidin in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Broscheit
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Arnaudov
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Roewer
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Betulinic acid attenuates dexamethasone-induced oxidative damage through the JNK-P38 MAPK signaling pathway in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:499-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
11
|
Lee SJ, Jung YH, Kim JS, Lee HJ, Lee SH, Lee KH, Jang KK, Choi SH, Han HJ. A Vibrio vulnificus VvpM Induces IL-1β Production Coupled with Necrotic Macrophage Death via Distinct Spatial Targeting by ANXA2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:352. [PMID: 28848713 PMCID: PMC5554522 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory form of phagocyte death evoked by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio (V.) vulnificus (WT) is one of hallmarks to promote their colonization, but the virulence factor and infectious mechanism involved in this process remain largely unknown. Here, we identified extracellular metalloprotease VvpM as a new virulence factor and investigated the molecular mechanism of VvpM which acts during the regulation of the inflammatory form of macrophage death and bacterial colonization. Mutation of the vvpM gene appeared to play major role in the prevention of IL-1β production due to V. vulnificus infection in macrophage. However, the recombinant protein (r) VvpM caused IL-1β production coupled with necrotic cell death, which is highly susceptible to the knockdown of annexin A2 (ANXA2) located in both membrane lipid and non-lipid rafts. In lipid rafts, rVvpM recruited NOX enzymes coupled with ANXA2 to facilitate the production of ROS responsible for the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of NF-κB in the IL-1β promoter. rVvpM acting on non-lipid rafts increased LC3 puncta formation and autophagic flux, which are required for the mRNA expression of Atg5 involved in the autophagosome formation process. The autophagy activation caused by rVvpM induced NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent caspase-1 activation in the promoting of IL-1β production. In mouse models of V. vulnificus infection, the VvpM mutant failed to elevate the level of pro-inflammatory responses closely related to IL-1β production and prevented bacterial colonization. These findings delineate VvpM efficiently regulates two pathogenic pathways that stimulate NF-κB-dependent IL-1β production and autophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome via distinct spatial targeting by ANXA2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sei-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul HospitalSeoul, South Korea
- Departments of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of MedicineCheonan, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ku Jang
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim MH, Jeong YJ, Cho HJ, Hoe HS, Park KK, Park YY, Choi YH, Kim CH, Chang HW, Park YJ, Chung IK, Chang YC. Delphinidin inhibits angiogenesis through the suppression of HIF-1α and VEGF expression in A549 lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:777-784. [PMID: 27959445 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Delphinidin, a polyphenol that belongs to the group of anthocyanidins and is abundant in many pigmented fruits and vegetables, possesses important antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anticancer properties. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of delphinidin on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, an important factor involved in angiogenesis and tumor progression, in A549 human lung cancer cells. Delphinidin inhibited CoCl2- and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced VEGF mRNA expression and VEGF protein production. Delphinidin also decreased CoCl2- and EGF-stimulated expression of hypoxia‑inducible factor (HIF)‑1α, which is a transcription factor of VEGF. Delphinidin suppressed CoCl2- and EGF-induced hypoxia‑response element (HRE) promoter activity, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of delphinidin on VEGF expression are caused by the suppression of the binding of HIF-1 to the HRE promoter. We also found that delphinidin specifically decreased the CoCl2- and EGF-induced HIF-1α protein expression by blocking the ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathways, whereas the p38-mediated pathways were not involved. In animal models, EGF-induced new blood vessel formation was significantly inhibited by delphinidin. Therefore, our results indicate that delphinidin has a potentially new role in anti‑angiogenic action by inhibiting HIF-1α and VEGF expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mun-Hyeon Kim
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Jeong
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Cho
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Yub Park
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Wook Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 701-947, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ja Park
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sorabol College, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 780-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kyung Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Extracts of Chilean native fruits inhibit oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin-resistance linked to the pathogenic interaction between adipocytes and macrophages. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
14
|
Park YW, Kim SG, Jo YY. S100 and p65 expression are increased in the masseter muscle after botulinum toxin-A injection. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 38:33. [PMID: 27635391 PMCID: PMC5002051 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-016-0079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to compare the expression levels of p65 and S100 in the rat masseter muscle after the injection of different concentrations of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A). Methods We injected either 5 or 10 U of BTX-A into both masseter muscle of rats. As a control group, the same volume of saline was injected. After 14 days, the animals were sacrificed. Subsequently, a biopsy and immunohistochemical staining of the samples were performed using a p65 or S100 antibody. Results The cross-sectional area of each myofibril was significantly reduced by BTX-A injection (P < 0.001). The expression of p65 and S100 increased significantly with increasing concentrations of BTX-A (P < 0.001). Conclusions The injection of BTX-A into the masseter muscle induced muscle atrophy. Subsequently, p65 and S100 expression in myoblasts were increased for the protection of muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukhyun-gil, Gangneung, 210-702 South Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukhyun-gil, Gangneung, 210-702 South Korea
| | - You-Young Jo
- Sericultural and Apicultural Materials Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saito K, Mori S, Date F, Hong G. Epigallocatechin gallate stimulates the neuroreactive salivary secretomotor system in autoimmune sialadenitis of MRL-Fas(lpr) mice via activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and inactivation of nuclear factor κB. Autoimmunity 2016; 48:379-88. [PMID: 25847253 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The water channel aquaporin 5 (AQP5) plays a crucial role in regulating salivary flow rates. Xerostomia is often observed in patients with Sjögren's syndrome, and this is attributed to reduced AQP5 expression in the salivary glands. Recently, anti-type 3 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (M3R) autoantibodies and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) have been found to be negative regulators of AQP5 expression in the salivary gland. Anti-M3R autoantibodies desensitize M3R to salivary secretagogues in Sjögren's syndrome, while activated NF-κB translocates to nuclei and binds to the AQP5 gene promoter, resulting in the suppression of AQP5 expression. We previously documented that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which is a robust antioxidant contained in green tea, ameliorates oxidative stress-induced tissue damage to the salivary glands of MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (MRL-Fas(lpr)) mice, which are widely used as a model of Sjögren's syndrome. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can activate NF-κB and inactivate protein kinase A (PKA), which is a key driver of AQP5 expression. In this study, we examined the effects of administering EGCG to MRL-Fas(lpr) mice with autoimmune sialadenitis on the levels of AQP5, activated NF-κB p65 subunit, activated PKA, activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (an activator of NF-κB), inhibitor κB (IκB) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) (an inhibitor of NF-κB). In EGCG-treated mice, intense aster-like immunostaining for AQP5 was observed on the apical plasma membranes (APMs) of submandibular gland acinar cells. Likewise, PKA, IκB and HDAC1 were highly expressed in salivary gland tissues, whereas the expression of JNK and NF-κB p65 was negligible. Rank correlation and partial correlation analyses revealed that treatment with EGCG upregulated AQP5 expression on the APM of acinar cells through activation of PKA and inactivation of NF-κB, while IκB and HDAC1 played a pivotal role in the induction of AQP5 expression by PKA. Our study indicates that EGCG may have therapeutic potential for Sjögren's syndrome patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Saito
- a Liaison Centre for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai , Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nam DC, Hah YS, Nam JB, Kim RJ, Park HB. Cytoprotective Mechanism of Cyanidin and Delphinidin against Oxidative Stress-Induced Tenofibroblast Death. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:426-32. [PMID: 27098861 PMCID: PMC4930287 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related rotator cuff tendon degeneration is related to tenofibroblast apoptosis. Anthocyanins reduce oxidative stress-induced apoptotic cell death in tenofibroblasts. The current study investigated the presence of cell protective effects in cyanidin and delphinidin, the most common aglycon forms of anthocyanins. We determined whether these anthocyanidins have antiapoptotic and antinecrotic effects in tenofibroblasts exposed to H2O2, and evaluated their biomolecular mechanisms. Both cyanidin and delphinidin inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, at concentrations of 100 μg/ml or greater, delphinidin showed cytotoxicity against tenofibroblasts and a decreased antinecrotic effect. Cyanidin and delphinidin both showed inhibitory effects on the H2O2-induced increase in intracellular ROS formation and the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK. In conclusion, both cyanidin and delphinidin have cytoprotective effects on cultured tenofibroblasts exposed to H2O2. These results suggest that cyanidin and delphinidin are both beneficial for the treatment of oxidative stress-mediated tenofibroblast cell death, but their working concentrations are different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Cheol Nam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sool Hah
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Been Nam
- Department of Environmental Material Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Jeong Kim
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Bin Park
- School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Globally, greater than 30 million individuals are afflicted with disorders of the nervous system accompanied by tens of thousands of new cases annually with limited, if any, treatment options. Erythropoietin (EPO) offers an exciting and novel therapeutic strategy to address both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. EPO governs a number of critical protective and regenerative mechanisms that can impact apoptotic and autophagic programmed cell death pathways through protein kinase B (Akt), sirtuins, mammalian forkhead transcription factors, and wingless signaling. Translation of the cytoprotective pathways of EPO into clinically effective treatments for some neurodegenerative disorders has been promising, but additional work is necessary. In particular, development of new treatments with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents such as EPO brings several important challenges that involve detrimental vascular outcomes and tumorigenesis. Future work that can effectively and safely harness the complexity of the signaling pathways of EPO will be vital for the fruitful treatment of disorders of the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Babova O, Occhipinti A, Capuzzo A, Maffei ME. Extraction of bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ) antioxidants using supercritical/subcritical CO 2 and ethanol as co-solvent. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Peng J, Lv YC, He PP, Tang YY, Xie W, Liu XY, Li Y, Lan G, Zhang M, Zhang C, Shi JF, Zheng XL, Yin WD, Tang CK. RETRACTED:Betulinic acid downregulates expression of oxidative stress-induced lipoprotein lipase via the PKC/ERK/c-Fos pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Biochimie 2015; 119:192-203. [PMID: 26542288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concerns raised by Dr. Sander Kersten in PubPeer pointed out that Figures 6.1B and 6.2B of this paper were different figures but the legends and Western blots were identical; the quantification was also seen to be different between the two figures. Shortly afterwards, the authors asked to publish a corrigendum for part B of Figure 6.1, including images of western blots and associated bar plots. Subsequently, the journal conducted an investigation and found evidence that there had been improper manipulation and duplication of images in Figures 2 E, 6.2 B, 5 A and and 6.2 D, as shown by the reuse of several western blot bands with approximately 180° rotation in each case. After raising the complaint with the authors, the corresponding author agreed that the paper should be retracted. The authors apologise to the readers of the journal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Yongzhou Vocational and Technical College, Yongzhou, Hunan 425000, China
| | - Yun-Cheng Lv
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yan-Yan Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of South, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Gan Lan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jin-Feng Shi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Wei-Dong Yin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tian X, Hu Y, Li M, Xia K, Yin J, Chen J, Liu Z. Carnosic acid attenuates acute ethanol-induced liver injury via a SIRT1/p66Shc-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:416-25. [PMID: 26845416 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol-induced liver injury is associated with oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. We previously demonstrated that SIRT1/p66Shc pathway activation attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis in liver ischemia/reperfusion. The current study aimed to investigate whether carnosic acid (CA), a natural antioxidant, can inhibit acute ethanol-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes and to determine the effect of SIRT1/p66Shc on this process. Our results showed that CA pretreatment significantly reduced ethanol-induced histologic damage, serum aminotransferase activity, and oxidative stress in rats. Importantly, CA pretreatment increased SIRT1 expression following ethanol exposure. Furthermore, p66Shc expression was negatively correlated with SIRT1 expression. Consistent with the results demonstrating p66Shc inhibition, CA pretreatment inhibited the release of cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria. After exposing L02 cells to ethanol, the increased SIRT1 expression induced by CA was abrogated by pharmacologic SIRT1 inhibition or the use of siRNA against SIRT1. Additionally, SIRT1 inhibition significantly abrogated the suppression of p66Shc expression and mitochondrial translocation induced by CA. Accordingly, CA-induced decreases in the release of cytochrome C and AIF and in mitochondrial apoptosis were nearly abolished by SIRT1 knockdown. These data indicated that CA-activated SIRT1 is protective against ethanol treatment. In summary, CA attenuates acute ethanol-induced liver injury via a SIRT1/p66Shc-mediated mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Tian
- a Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- b Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- c Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P.R. China
| | - Kun Xia
- a Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jiye Yin
- d Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,e Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- d Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,e Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- d Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,e Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee SJ, Jung YH, Song EJ, Jang KK, Choi SH, Han HJ. Vibrio vulnificus VvpE Stimulates IL-1β Production by the Hypomethylation of the IL-1β Promoter and NF-κB Activation via Lipid Raft–Dependent ANXA2 Recruitment and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2282-2293. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
An inflammatory response is a hallmark of necrosis evoked by bacterial pathogens. Vibrio vulnificus, VvpE, is an elastase that is responsible for tissue necrosis and inflammation; however, the molecular mechanism by which it regulates host cell death has not been characterized. In the present study, we investigate the cellular mechanism of VvpE with regard to host cell death and the inflammatory response of human intestinal epithelial (INT-407) cells. The recombinant protein (r)VvpE (50 pg/ml) caused cytotoxicity mainly via necrosis coupled with IL-1β production. The necrotic cell death induced by rVvpE is highly susceptible to the knockdown of annexin A (ANXA)2 and the sequestration of membrane cholesterol. We found that rVvpE induces the recruitment of NADPH oxidase 2 and neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 into membrane lipid rafts coupled with ANXA2 to facilitate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The bacterial signaling of rVvpE through ROS production is uniquely mediated by the phosphorylation of redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB. The silencing of NF-κB inhibited IL-1β production during necrosis. rVvpE induced hypomethylation and region-specific transcriptional occupancy by NF-κB in the IL-1β promoter and has the ability to induce pyroptosis via NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain–containing 3 inflammasome. In a mouse model of V. vulnificus infection, the mutation of the vvpE gene from V. vulnificus negated the proinflammatory responses and maintained the physiological levels of the proliferation and migration of enterocytes. These results demonstrate that VvpE induces the hypomethylation of the IL-1β promoter and the transcriptional regulation of NF-κB through lipid raft–dependent ANXA2 recruitment and ROS signaling to promote IL-1β production in intestinal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sei-Jung Lee
- *Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea
- †Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (BK21 PLUS) Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea; and
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- *Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea
- †Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (BK21 PLUS) Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea; and
| | - Eun Ju Song
- *Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea
- †Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (BK21 PLUS) Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea; and
| | - Kyung Ku Jang
- ‡Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, and Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- ‡Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, and Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- *Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea
- †Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (BK21 PLUS) Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea; and
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang G, Chen Z, Zhang F, Jing H, Xu W, Ning S, Li Z, Liu K, Yao J, Tian X. Blockade of PKCβ protects against remote organ injury induced by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion via a p66shc-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1342-53. [PMID: 24930012 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a serious clinical dilemma with high morbidity and mortality. Remote organ damage, especially acute lung injury and liver injury are common complications that contribute to the high mortality rate. We previously demonstrated that activation of PKCβII is specifically involved in the primary injury of intestinal I/R. Considering the tissue-specific features of PKC activation, we hypothesized that some kind of PKC isoform may play important roles in the progression of secondary injury in the remote organ. Mice were studied in in vivo model of intestinal I/R. The activation of PKC isoforms were screened in the lung and liver. Interestingly, we found that PKCβII was also activated exclusively in the lung and liver after intestinal I/R. PKCβII suppression by a specific inhibitor, LY333531, significantly attenuated I/R-induced histologic damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in these organs, and also alleviated systemic inflammation. In addition, LY333531 markedly restrained p66shc activation, mitochondrial translocation, and binding to cytochrome-c. These resulted in the decrease of cytochrome-c release and caspase-3 cleavage, and an increase in glutathione and glutathione peroxidase. These data indicated that activated PKC isoform in the remote organ, specifically PKCβII, is the same as that in the intestine after intestinal I/R. PKCβII suppression protects against remote organ injury, which may be partially attributed to the p66shc-cytochrome-c axis. Combined with our previous study, the development of a specific inhibitor for prophylaxis against intestinal I/R is promising, to prevent multiple organ injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vibrio vulnificus VvhA induces NF-κB-dependent mitochondrial cell death via lipid raft-mediated ROS production in intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:1655. [PMID: 25695598 PMCID: PMC4669806 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio vulnificus produces hemolysin (VvhA), which induces cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. However, our understanding of the cytotoxic mechanism and the modes of action of VvhA are still fragmentary and incomplete. The recombinant protein (r) VvhA (50 pg/ml) significantly induces necrotic cell death and apoptosis in human intestinal epithelial (INT-407) cells. The apoptotic cell death induced by rVvhA is highly susceptible to the sequestration of cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, whereas for necrotic cell death, this shows a marginal effect. We found that rVvhA induces the aggregation of lipid raft components coupled with NADPH oxidase enzymes, in which rVvhA increased the interaction of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2, gp91phox) with a cytosolic protein NCF1 (p47phox) to facilitate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). rVvhA uniquely stimulated a conventional PKC isoform PKCα and induced the phosphorylation of both ERK and JNK, which are responsible for the activation of transcription factor NF-κB. rVvhA induced an NF-κB-dependent imbalance of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and caspase-3/-9 activation during its promotion of apoptotic cell death. In addition, rVvhA has the ability to inhibit the expression of cell cycle-related proteins, such as CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1, and cyclin E. These results demonstrate that rVvhA induces NF-κB-dependent mitochondrial cell death via lipid raft-mediated ROS production by the distinct activation of PKCα and ERK/JNK in intestinal epithelial cells.
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu SP, Fu RH, Wu DC, Hsu CY, Chang CH, Lee W, Lee YD, Liu CH, Chien YJ, Lin SZ, Shyu WC. Mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells generated under hypoxic conditions in the absence of viral infection and oncogenic factors and used for ischemic stroke therapy. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:421-33. [PMID: 24266622 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are considered as having the greatest potential for use in cell-based therapies. However, at least two hurdles remain: integrating viral transgenes and introducing the c-Myc and Klf4 oncogenes. In a previous study, fibroblasts were incapable of generating iPS cells in the absence of both oncogenes and viral infection. For the present study, we tested our hypothesis that iPS cells can be generated without oncogenes and viral infection under hypoxic conditions and used for cell therapies. By avoiding oncogenic factors and virus integration, this strategy would decrease the potential for cancer formation. According to our observations, the repeated transfection of two expression plasmids (Oct4 and Sox2) into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and combined hypoxic condition resulted in the generation of a novel iPS cell. At 6 h post-transfection, MEFs were subjected to hypoxic conditions (3% O2) for 24 h; this procedure was repeated four times. The resulting MEFs were seeded on feeder cells on day 9; iPS cell clones were observed 12 days post-seeding and designated as iPS-OSH. Data for cell morphology, stem cell marker staining, gene expression profiles, and embryonic body, teratoma, and chimeric mouse formation indicated iPS-OSH pluripotent capability. Neural precursor cells differentiated from iPS-OSH cells were used to treat an ischemic stroke mouse model; results from a behavior analysis indicate that the therapeutic group surpassed the control group. Further, iPS-OSH-derived neural precursor cells differentiated into neurons and astrocytes in mouse stroke brains. In conclusion, we generated a novel iPS-OSH in the absence of viral infection and oncogenic factors and could use it for ischemic stroke therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Liu
- 1 Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|