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Yu K, Shen P, Zuo G. The Longitudinal Relationships among Casual Sex and Psychological Well-Being in Chinese College Student. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2024; 36:177-188. [PMID: 38616795 PMCID: PMC11008543 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2024.2317195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study integrates the important psychological well-being indicators (i.e., life satisfaction, psychological distress, and self-esteem) into a model framework. We used a cross-lagged panel design (CLPD) to examine the bidirectional relationship between casual sex and psychological well-being among Chinese college students. Chinese college students (N = 833) completed self-report measures (i.e., hookup behavior, life satisfaction, psychological distress, and self-esteem) at six-month intervals. The results show that the ratio of college students who reported engaging in at least one hookup experience in the past year or half a year was lower than that of Western college students. We find that college students with hookup behavior had poorer psychological well-being in later six months than those who did not engage in hookup behavior. However, previous psychological well-being did not predict subsequent hookup behavior. We discuss these findings in terms of China's unique sexual culture to provide useful information for preventing and interfering with risky sexual behaviors and their negative consequences among Chinese college students. Specifically, this study could provide students with a more in-depth understanding of associated risks, assisting those engaged in or intending to engage in hookups to evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of such behavior. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of implementing targeted educational programs in China that address the psychological consequences of casual sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yu
- Law School, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Panyan Shen
- Law School, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoguo Zuo
- Law School, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
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2
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Zhao Y, Dennis JM, Houseman C. Predictors of hookup behaviors among Asian and Asian American college students in the United States. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38330383 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2311121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Objective: With the rapid growth in the population of Asian and Asian American college students in the United States, there is a need for research examining their participation in potentially risky sexual behaviors in order to expand understanding of this group's needs. This study focused on attachment orientation and hookup motives as predictors of hookup behaviors, which involve engaging in sexual behaviors without expectation of a long-term relationship.Methods: Participants included 169 Asian or Asian American college students ranging in age from 18 to 27 years who completed an online survey.Results: Results indicated that over half of participants reported engaging in hookup behaviors. The strongest predictors of hookup behaviors were increased age, liberal sexual attitudes, motivations to achieve excitement/sexual enhancement, and motivations to find a long-term partner. However, attachment orientations did not predict hookup behaviors. Results provide insight into a profile of Asian American college students increasingly exploring sexuality throughout young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, California State University, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Jessica M Dennis
- Department of Child and Family Studies, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christinalee Houseman
- Department of Child and Family Studies, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
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3
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Castro Á, Correa AB. Psychological and Psychosexual Adjustment in University Students as a Function of Sexual Activity and Relationship Type. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2023; 35:543-554. [PMID: 38601808 PMCID: PMC10903592 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2264285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to examine the differences in some variables of psychological (depression, anxiety, physical self-esteem) and psychosexual (self-esteem as a sexual partner, satisfaction with sexual life, sexual preoccupation) adjustment in a sample of university students, as a function of gender, and divided into three groups: (1) those who had a stable partner; (2) those who did not have a stable partner but did have casual sexual relations; and (3) those who had neither a stable partner nor casual relationships. Participants were 980 students from a mid-size Spanish university, of both sexes (71.3% women, 28.7% men), aged between 18 and 26 years (M = 20.87, SD = 1.88), who completed an online battery of questionnaires. Differences were found in psychological and psychosexual adjustment variables depending on the reference group and both in men and women. Some of these differences were explained by having a partner and others by having sexual relations, regardless of the partner with whom they had sex. These differences and their impact on young people's psychological adjustment and wellness should be taken into account when designing sexual health prevention and promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Castro
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Correa
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
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4
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Luz R, Pegado A, Godinho C, Pereira C, Alvarez MJ. Multiple Casual Sex Scripts: Shared Beliefs about Behavior among Portuguese Emerging Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2023; 35:105-122. [PMID: 38596769 PMCID: PMC10903638 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2172512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective Empirical research to differentiate casual sex scripts is still limited. We aimed to ascertain the sexual scripts for three main types of casual sexual relationships: hookup, friends with benefits and one-night stands. Methods Through a mixed-method approach, we performed a study consisting in two sequential tasks to (1) complete three lists of script actions, and (2) identify the most agreed-upon actions for each casual sexual relationship. Results An important number of actions and events were identified for the three casual sexual scripts, reflecting a high level of elaboration and structure. Following a cognitive-script methodology, the actions retained for the content of the script for each casual sexual relationship were those obtaining at least 60% in respect to the mean of their centrality to the encounter. Only 16.5% of actions were shared among the three scripts, demonstrating their distinctiveness. Conclusion Knowledge about the different casual sex scripts can be used to develop relational and personal skills within CSRs and decrease unwanted experiences such as condomless sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Luz
- Faculdade de Psicologia, CICPSI, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Pegado
- Faculdade de Psicologia, CICPSI, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Godinho
- Católica Research Centre for Psychological, Family and Social Wellbeing, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cícero Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria-João Alvarez
- Faculdade de Psicologia, CICPSI, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Liang Y, Horn SV. How do romantic breakups affect depression among American college students? The role of sexual conservativeness. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1019-1029. [PMID: 32673181 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1784180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveThe role of sexual attitudes has been largely ignored in explaining different emotional reactions to breakups among young adults. The authors examined the role of conservative sexual attitudes as a moderator of the relationship between breakups and depressive symptoms. Participants: Participants were 428 undergraduate students at a mid-western university. Data collection was completed in 2013. Methods: Participants completed the questionnaires in class or at home in this cross-sectional survey. OLS regression and Structural equation modeling were used in data analysis. Results: Increased level of sexual conservativeness significantly exacerbated depression after the breakup for those college students who reported sexual behavior with their ex-partner. Conclusions: Although conservative sexual attitudes may show positive effects in promoting healthy sexual behavior, it was found here to be detrimentally related to depression after breakups for college students. This information may help university counselors gain a deeper understanding of post-breakup depression of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- School of Sociology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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6
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van Raalte LJ, Bednarchik LA, Generous MA, Mongeau PA. Examining Rules in Friends with Benefits Relationships. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:1783-1792. [PMID: 34779977 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Establishing communicative and behavioral boundaries in romantic relationships provides partners with a greater sense of relational stability and certainty. For romantic relationships, these boundaries, such as sexual exclusivity, are relatively straightforward. For casual sex relationships, however, the relational rules are less stable and certain. This exploratory study examined rules in friends with benefits relationships (FWBRs) for 109 college students in the USA. Responses to open-ended questions were collected through an online questionnaire, and data were qualitatively analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis. The data were structured into communication rules, sexual rules, and relational definition rules. Results provide overlap and extension of previous work investigating rules in FWBRs. Notably, participants reported sexual exclusivity as an important rule. Additionally, potentially competing discourses in FWBR rules were best understood through the lens of relational dialectics. Findings reflect a tension in terms of relational work, as partners struggle with maintaining their sexual and friendship relationship while not falling into the "territory" of romantic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J van Raalte
- Department of Communication Studies, Sam Houston State University, P.O. Box 2299, Huntsville, TX, 77341, USA.
| | - Lori A Bednarchik
- Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mark A Generous
- Department of Communication, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Mongeau
- Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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McKeen BE, Anderson RC, Mitchell DA. Was it Good for You? Gender Differences in Motives and Emotional Outcomes Following Casual Sex. SEXUALITY & CULTURE 2022; 26:1339-1359. [PMID: 35194368 PMCID: PMC8853360 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-022-09946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Casual sex, also referred to as a hookup, has been associated with a range of negative emotional outcomes for women, including regret, anxiety, depression and social stigma. However, it has been argued that it is the nature of the sexual motivation, not gender that influences the emotional outcome. This study was designed to ascertain what motivates people to have casual sex, what emotional outcomes follow casual sex and whether there are gender differences among these variables. Seven hundred and one participants (47% men and 52.8% women) completed a 44-item online survey. Gender differences were found for both sexual motivations and emotional outcomes of casual sex, with women generally having more negative emotional outcomes than men. Additionally, a principal components analysis uncovered four reliable principal motivations underlying engagement in casual sex, and three principal emotional outcomes of casual sex. Predictors of negative emotional outcomes included being motivated to regulate negative emotions and to achieve positive emotions. No predictors (apart from being a man) were found for a positive emotional outcome. While the stigma surrounding female sexual agency is diminishing, results generally support the presence of a sexual double-standard which encourages male promiscuity but dissuades female sexual autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billie E. McKeen
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, 1 University Drive, Douglas, Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia
| | - Ryan C. Anderson
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, 1 University Drive, Douglas, Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia
| | - David A. Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, 1 University Drive, Douglas, Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia
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8
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Wongsomboon V, Webster GD, Burleson MH. It's The "Why": Links between (Non)autonomous Sexual Motives, Sexual Assertiveness, and Women's Orgasm in Casual Sex. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:621-632. [PMID: 34762247 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Existing literature shows conflicting and inconclusive evidence regarding women's sexual experiences in casual sex. Some studies have found negative sexual outcomes (e.g., fewer orgasms), while others have found positive sexual outcomes (e.g., more orgasms, higher sexual satisfaction) when women had casual sex. According to self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), people's needs are fulfilled when their choice and behavior are self-motivated and reflect their intrinsic values. We hypothesized that women's autonomous motivation to have casual sex would be associated with higher orgasmic function, whereas nonautonomous motivation would be associated with lower orgasmic function in casual sex. We also hypothesized that sexual assertiveness would mediate the relationship between sexual motives and orgasmic function in casual sex. Participants in this study were women (N = 401) aged 18-59 years who reported having had casual sex in the past 12 months. Participants completed an online survey reporting their motives to have casual sex, sexual assertiveness, and orgasmic function (e.g., orgasm frequency, satisfaction with orgasm) in casual sex. We focused on two motives: (a) pleasure motive and (b) insecurity (i.e., self-esteem boost and pressure) motive. Results showed that greater pleasure (autonomous) motives related to higher sexual assertiveness, which in turn related to higher orgasmic function in casual sex. In contrast, greater insecurity (nonautonomous) motives related to lower sexual assertiveness, which in turn related to lower orgasmic function in casual sex. The findings support self-determination theory, suggesting that autonomous motives are important for women's sexual experience in casual sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Wongsomboon
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA.
| | - Gregory D Webster
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Mary H Burleson
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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Blasco-Belled A, Zyskowska E, Terebu M, Włodarska KA, Rogoza R. Sociosexual Orientations and Well-Being: Differences Across Gender. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2021; 34:254-266. [PMID: 38596528 PMCID: PMC10903569 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2021.1998284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Sociosexuality explains whether people hold an (un)restricted orientation toward casual sex, and its effects on well-being are inconclusive. This study investigates how specifically the facets of sociosexuality relate to three components of well-being in men and women. Methods: Self-report measures of sociosexuality and well-being were assessed in 556 Polish adults. Results: Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed differences in sociosexual attitudes and desire across gender. Structural equation models showed significant results only for men-emotional and psychological well-being were positively predicted by sociosexual behavior and negatively predicted by desire. Conclusions: Sociosexuality predicted well-being differently across gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Blasco-Belled
- Department of Psychology, University of Girona, Pujada de Sant Domènec, Girona, Spain
| | - Emilia Zyskowska
- Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Martyna Terebu
- Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Radosław Rogoza
- Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
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10
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Wesche R, Claxton SE, Waterman EA. Emotional Outcomes of Casual Sexual Relationships and Experiences: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2021; 58:1069-1084. [PMID: 32991206 PMCID: PMC8579856 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1821163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) are common and emotionally significant occurrences. Given the uncommitted, often emotionally complicated nature of CSREs, researchers have asked whether these experiences may have positive and/or negative emotional consequences. We reviewed 71 quantitative articles examining emotional outcomes of CSREs, including subjective emotional reactions (e.g., excitement, regret) and emotional health (e.g., depression, self-esteem). Overall, people evaluated their CSREs more positively than negatively. In contrast, CSREs were associated with short-term declines in emotional health in most studies examining changes in emotional health within a year of CSRE involvement. Emotional outcomes of CSREs differed across people and situations. Women and individuals with less permissive attitudes toward CSREs experienced worse emotional outcomes of CSREs. Alcohol use prior to CSREs, not being sexually satisfied, and not knowing a partner well were also associated with worse emotional outcomes. These findings suggest directions for prevention/intervention related to CSREs. For example, skill-building related to sexual decision-making may help individuals decide whether, and under what circumstances, CSREs are likely to result in positive or negative emotional outcomes. In addition, the limitations of extant research suggest directions for future inquiry (e.g., examining whether verbal and nonverbal consent practices predict emotional outcomes of CSREs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Wesche
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - Emily A. Waterman
- Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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Wood J, De Santis C, Desmarais S, Milhausen R. Motivations for Engaging in Consensually Non-Monogamous Relationships. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:1253-1272. [PMID: 33990929 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sexual, romantic, and intimate relationships provide opportunities for individual and interpersonal fulfillment and the enhancement of well-being. Though research has identified that consensual non-monogamy (CNM) offers unique relational benefits, little work has examined why individuals pursue CNM relationships. Both self-determination theory and self-expansion theory provide frameworks for understanding the range of intra- and interpersonal motives for choosing or negotiating a multipartnered relationship. We explored the reasons for which people engage in CNM and discuss how motivations for CNM might be linked to well-being and need fulfillment. Our study used a qualitative approach to examine the motivations individuals report for engaging in CNM relationships. As part of a larger online survey, participants completed open-ended questions examining motivations for, and experiences of, CNM relationships. Data from participants who indicated that they were currently in a CNM partnership was selected for the analyses (n = 540). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, within a critical realist framework. Motivations were organized into six interconnected themes: reasons related to autonomy, beliefs and value systems, relationality, sexuality, growth and expansion, and pragmatism. Individuals reported diverse reasons for engaging in CNM relationships; reasons addressed both individual and relational needs and well-being. Findings contrast with stereotypic views of CNM relationships as unstable/unfulfilling or that individuals engage in CNM because of relationship problems. The findings may facilitate therapeutic interventions for counselors working with individuals who are in the process of negotiating or re-negotiating relationship boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
- The Sex Information and Education Council of Canada, 235 Danforth Avenue, Suite 400, Toronto, ON, M4K 1N4, Canada.
| | - Carm De Santis
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Sexuality, Marriage, and Family Studies, St. Jerome's University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Serge Desmarais
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Robin Milhausen
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Mafra AL, Defelipe RP, Varella MAC, Townsend JM, Valentova JV. Mate value, intrasexual competition and sociosexual desire drive Brazilian women's well-being. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2021; 3:e25. [PMID: 37588543 PMCID: PMC10427315 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2021.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-being (vs. ill-being) might function as an internal guide for approaching (vs. avoiding) situations, strategies, and achievements that ancestrally led to higher (vs. lower) reproductive success. Indeed, coupled individuals report higher well-being than singles, while depressive individuals report lower mate value and higher sociosexuality. Here we investigate associations between well-being, depression and evolutionary reproduction-related aspects (mate value, intrasexual competition, age, and sociosexuality). Overall, 1,173 predominantly heterosexual Brazilian women (mean = 31.89; standard deviation = 11.10) responded to online instruments measuring self-perceived happiness, life-satisfaction, depression, mate value, intrasexual competition, age, and sociosexuality. Multiple regression models indicated that higher well-being was positively predicted by mate value and negatively by intrasexual competition and sociosexual desire, while the opposite was true for depression. Although intrasexual competition and unrestricted sociosexuality can, under some circumstances, increase individual reproductive success, they are risky and suboptimally effective strategies, thus leading to feelings of ill-being. Contrarily, affective long-term bonds, higher mate-value, and lower intrasexual competition might increase feelings of well-being, because this would lead to a safer route towards ancestral reproductive advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthonieta Looman Mafra
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello de Morais, 1721 Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Renata Pereira Defelipe
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello de Morais, 1721 Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Correa Varella
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello de Morais, 1721 Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - John M. Townsend
- Department of Anthropology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jaroslava Varella Valentova
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello de Morais, 1721 Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-030, Brazil
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13
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Wood J, Quinn-Nilas C, Milhausen R, Desmarais S, Muise A, Sakaluk J. A dyadic examination of self-determined sexual motives, need fulfillment, and relational outcomes among consensually non-monogamous partners. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247001. [PMID: 33592016 PMCID: PMC7886188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate and sexual relationships provide opportunity for emotional and sexual fulfillment. In consensually non-monogamous (CNM) relationships, needs are dispersed among multiple partners. Using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and dyadic data from 56 CNM partnerships (112 individuals), we tested how sexual motives and need fulfillment were linked to relational outcomes. We drew from models of need fulfillment to explore how sexual motives with a second partner were associated with satisfaction in the primary relationship. In a cross-sectional and daily experience study we demonstrated that self-determined reasons for sex were positively associated with sexual satisfaction and indirectly linked through sexual need fulfillment. Self-determined reasons for sex predicted need fulfillment for both partners at a three-month follow up. The association between sexual motives and need fulfillment was stronger on days when participants engaged in sex with an additional partner, though this was not related to satisfaction in the primary relationship. Implications for need fulfillment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sex Information and Education Council of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robin Milhausen
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Serge Desmarais
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Muise
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Sakaluk
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Soster AP, Souza MLAD, Castro EKD. Percepção de Risco e Comportamentos de Saúde em Relação ao Sexo Casual em Universitárias. PSICO-USF 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712021260110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este estudo buscou explorar e comparar a percepção dos riscos à saúde física e os comportamentos de saúde do sexo casual entre universitárias com (CEX) e sem experiência (SEX) de sexo casual. Participaram 1.133 universitárias brasileiras (média de idade igual a 21,05 anos, DP = 2,05), a maioria nascidas e residentes na região Sul do país, que responderam a um questionário on-line com questões sobre a percepção dos riscos físicos, comportamentos de saúde, comportamento e histórico sexual. Foi encontrada diferença significativa nos comportamentos de saúde e nas percepções de risco entre os grupos. O grupo CEX apresentou mais comportamentos de saúde e cuidados que o grupo SEX. Embora o sexo casual esteja relacionado aos comportamentos de risco, neste estudo, as mulheres CEX apresentaram mais medidas de proteção à saúde que as mulheres SEX.
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15
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Arsandaux J, Montagni I, Macalli M, Bouteloup V, Tzourio C, Galéra C. Health Risk Behaviors and Self-Esteem Among College Students: Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:142-159. [PMID: 32072455 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their impact on premature mortality and long-term disabilities, a better understanding of health risk behavior (HRB) determinants among college students is crucial in order to build the most appropriate prevention tools. Although self-esteem appears to be a relevant candidate, a clear picture summarizing its multiple links with HRB is lacking to guide clinicians and researchers. This study aims to provide a systematic review of the associations between health risk behavior and self-esteem among college students. METHODS This search was performed in several databases on 02/02/17. Study eligibility criteria were original articles in peer-reviewed journals, in English; observational quantitative studies; among college students; and investigated the association between self-esteem and HRB. The PRISMA statements were complied with. RESULTS One hundred fifteen articles were included: 46 on substance use, 35 on sexual behavior, 11 on nutritional habits, 27 on physical activity, and 5 on other HRB. Most studies reported an association between higher self-esteem and healthier behavior. For alcohol consumption and number of sexual partners, both negative and positive associations have been reported. Directionality was investigated in a few studies suggesting potential bidirectional effects. CONCLUSIONS This review points out the need for consensus for the definition of self-esteem and HRB. There was high heterogeneity in (1) the measurement of self-esteem either in the concept measured (global vs. domain) or in the way to implement validated tools; and (2) the definition of HRB. Self-esteem seems to be a relevant target to intervene on HRB, especially alcohol abuse and physical activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration number: PROSPERO (ID = CRD42017056599).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Arsandaux
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, University Bordeaux, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, University Bordeaux, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melissa Macalli
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, University Bordeaux, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Bouteloup
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, University Bordeaux, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, University Bordeaux, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Galéra
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, University Bordeaux, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Perrens, Bordeaux, France
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16
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Townsend JM, Jonason PK, Wasserman TH. Associations Between Motives for Casual Sex, Depression, Self-Esteem, and Sexual Victimization. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:1189-1197. [PMID: 31214905 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
People's motives for casual sex moderate associations between their sexual behavior and the outcomes they experience. Derived from self-determination theory, autonomous motives for casual sex (e.g., I wanted the fun and enjoyment) and non-autonomous motives (e.g., I wanted to please someone else) correlated in previous research differentially with measures of well-being and incidence of casual sex. In a sample of American college students (N = 284), we replicated these prior findings and extended them as follows: autonomous and non-autonomous motives for sex were correlated with two measures of casual sex (i.e., the three behavior questions from the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory; the number of partners with whom participants had penetrative sex but did not wish to become emotionally involved); two measures of well-being (i.e., self-esteem, depression), and a measure of overall sexual victimization (i.e., a combined score from the Sexual Experiences Survey). We found that autonomous motives were more strongly associated with casual sexual behavior than were non-autonomous motives in both sexes. Autonomous motives were positively associated with sexual victimization in women but not in men. Compared to autonomous motives, sex for non-autonomous motives was linked to less self-esteem in both sexes, and with more depression and sexual victimization in women. Sex differences in associations between motives and victimization persisted even when the general effects of participant's sex and casual sex were controlled in hierarchical regressions. Our findings further revealed the importance of agency (or lack thereof) in predicting sexual behavior and psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter K Jonason
- Department of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timothy H Wasserman
- Office of Institutional Research and Assessment, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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17
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Winkeljohn Black S, Owen J, Soler N, Fincham F. Understanding Relations Among Drinking and Hookup Motives, Consequences, and Depressive Symptoms in College Students. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2020; 49:43-54. [PMID: 32779984 DOI: 10.1177/0047237920929333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this longitudinal study (N = 98), we examined whether drinking for suppression reasons moderated the relation between depressive symptoms and hooking up for self-affirmation reasons and negative hookup consequences. No moderation was found for hooking up for self-affirmation reasons, but the effect for negative hookup consequences approached significance. When drinking for suppression reasons is low, participants with fewer depressive symptoms reported more negative consequences, and participants with more depressive symptoms reported fewer negative consequences 2 months later. Results are discussed within the context of sex education and mental health programming for young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Winkeljohn Black
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Education, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jesse Owen
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, United States
| | - Nehemiah Soler
- Chesnut Hill College, New Castle, Delaware, United States
| | - Frank Fincham
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, United States
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18
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Shulman S, Scharf M, Ziv I, Norona J, Welsh DP. Adolescents' Sexual Encounters With Either Romantic or Casual Partners and the Quality of Their Romantic Relationships Four Years Later. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:155-165. [PMID: 30632792 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1560387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent sexual behavior was examined within a health perspective. Assuming a developmental perspective, the current study investigated the associations between sexual behavior in either stable relationships or in casual encounters, and the quality of romantic relationships and affect 4 years later. Data were collected from 144 Israeli adolescents aged 16-18 years (mean age 16.57 years). Participants completed diary data over a period of 10 days and reported on the quality of their romantic encounters and their emotions, and on their sexual behavior in stable relationships or casual encounters. Four years later, they were asked to complete diary data again for 10 consecutive days and report on the quality of their romantic relationships and their positive and negative affect. Findings indicate that involvement in sexual behavior in stable romantic relationships was associated only with future romantic partner support. In contrast, earlier involvement in casual sexual behavior was associated with a number of future indices: lower partner support, greater negative affect as well as greater relationship tension, and dyadic hurtful behavior 4 years later. The differential role of sexuality within a stable relationship or casual encounters among adolescents for their future romantic development is discussed within a developmental framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Shulman
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University and Department of Psychology, College of Management
| | | | - Ido Ziv
- Department of Psychology, College of Management
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19
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Longo LM, Ertl MM, Pazienza R, Agiliga AU, Dillon FR, Martin JL. Associations among Negative Urgency, Sensation Seeking, Alcohol Use, Self-Esteem, and Casual Sexual Behavior for College Students. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:796-805. [PMID: 31876218 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1703748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present study proposed a moderated mediation model of relations among negative urgency, sensation seeking, alcohol use, self-esteem, and casual sexual behavior among college students. We hypothesized students' alcohol use would mediate a positive relation between two facets of impulsivity, negative urgency and sensation seeking, with casual sexual behavior. We also examined the influence of self-esteem on alcohol use and casual sexual behavior to determine if self-esteem may serve as a point of intervention. We hypothesized that self-esteem might moderate the relation between casual sexual behavior and alcohol use, such that students who report high alcohol use in addition to low self-esteem would engage in more casual sexual behavior than individuals who report relatively higher levels of self-esteem. Methods: Data were collected in 2015 from 413 undergraduate students at a large Northeastern public university. Structural equation modeling tested the moderated mediation model. Results: Contrary to hypotheses, the theorized model demonstrated an inadequate fit to the data when self-esteem was included. A second structural model was calculated to test alcohol use as a mediator of associations between negative urgency and sensation seeking, and casual sexual behavior. As hypothesized, students' alcohol use was found to be a mediator of the positive associations between negative urgency and casual sexual behavior and sensation seeking and casual sexual behavior. Conclusions: Findings suggest that alcohol use, negative urgency, and sensation seeking may serve as points of intervention to address casual sexual behavior, as appropriate, among college student populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Longo
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Melissa M Ertl
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Rena Pazienza
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Alexandra U Agiliga
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Frank R Dillon
- Department of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jessica L Martin
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
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20
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Beyond Sex Differences: Predictors of Negative Emotions Following Casual Sex. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-019-00217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Tóth-Király I, Vallerand RJ, Bőthe B, Rigó A, Orosz G. Examining sexual motivation profiles and their correlates using latent profile analysis. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Winkeljohn Black S, Kaminsky G, Hudson A, Owen J, Fincham F. A Short-Term Longitudinal Investigation of Hookups and Holistic Outcomes Among College Students. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:1829-1845. [PMID: 30874976 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Majority of college students hook up at least once during their time in school. The literature on casual sex encounters among college students is growing, though most studies are cross-sectional and individual studies focus on few outcomes at a time, leaving piecemeal and mixed results. The current longitudinal study clarifies prior work by analyzing how post-event process (PEP), an understudied construct within the hookup literature, and emotional (i.e., positive or negative) hookup reactions interact to predict a breadth of outcomes, representing holistic student well-being. The inclusion of PEP reframes the current literature to consider PEP as a predictor variable of hookup outcomes, as moderated by emotional hookup reactions. This is consistent with literature indicating emotional experiences affect PEP across a variety of incidents. Participants (N = 377, 87.6% female) completed self-report measures at 2-month intervals. We tested relationships between the main and interaction effects of PEP and emotional hookup reactions as a moderation regression analyses on anxiety, academic engagement, religious coping, and psychological flourishing. The main effect of PEP predicted more anxiety and less negative religious coping, negative hookup reactions predicted more anxiety, and positive hookup reactions predicted more flourishing. Regarding interaction effects, high levels of positive hookup reactions and PEP were associated with less anxiety, less academic engagement, more negative religious coping, and less psychological flourishing; high levels of negative hookup reactions and PEP were associated with less anxiety and more negative religious coping and were unrelated to academic engagement or flourishing over two months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Winkeljohn Black
- Department of Psychology and Social Sciences, Penn State Harrisburg, 777 W Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA, 17057, USA.
| | - Gabrielle Kaminsky
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Amy Hudson
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jesse Owen
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Frank Fincham
- College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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23
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Farvid P, Braun V. "You Worry, 'cause You Want to Give a Reasonable Account of Yourself": Gender, Identity Management, and the Discursive Positioning of "Risk" in Men's and Women's Talk About Heterosexual Casual Sex. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:1405-1421. [PMID: 29600396 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-1124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Heterosexual casual sex is routinely depicted as a physically, socially, and psychologically "risky" practice. This is the case in media accounts, psychological research, and other academic work. In this article, we examine 15 men's and 15 women's talk about casual sex from a discursive psychological stance to achieve two objectives. Firstly, we confirm the categories of risk typically associated with casual sex but expand these to include a domain of risks related to (gendered) identities and representation. Men's talk of risk centered on concerns about sexual performance, whereas women's talk centered on keeping safe from violence and sexual coercion. The notion of a sexual reputation was also identified as a risk and again manifested differently for men and women. While women were concerned about being deemed promiscuous, men displayed concern about the quality of their sexual performance. Secondly, within this talk about risks of casual sex, the participants' identities were identified as "at risk" and requiring careful management within the interview context. This was demonstrated by instances of: keeping masculinity intact in accounts of no erection, negotiating a responsible subject position, and crafting agency in accounts of sexual coercion-in the participants' talk. We argue that casual sex, as situated within dominant discourses of gendered heterosexuality, is a fraught practice for both men and women and subject to the demands of identity representation within co-present interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panteá Farvid
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Virginia Braun
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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24
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Timmermans E, Van den Bulck J. Casual Sexual Scripts on the Screen: A Quantitative Content Analysis. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:1481-1496. [PMID: 29589163 PMCID: PMC5954064 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While existing content analyses have provided insightful information in terms of contextual factors and frequency of sexual behaviors, not much is known about the relational context in which sexual depictions generally occur. The current study addresses this void by employing content analytic methods to measure the frequency and context of depictions of sexual behavior within nine popular television shows produced in the U.S., while taking into account the type of sexual behavior. The results suggest that, in the analyzed television shows, sexual behaviors within a casual sexual context were almost as frequently shown as sexual behaviors within a committed relationship context. Whereas sexual behaviors within a committed relationship context were mainly limited to passionate kissing, sexual behaviors within a casual sexual context mostly consisted of explicit portrayals of sexual intercourse. Additionally, genre seemed to be an important factor when examining casual sexual television content. The situational comedy genre, for example, had no explicit portrayals of intercourse and mainly portrayed kissing couples within a committed relationship. The comedy drama genre, on the contrary, had the largest proportion of explicit sexual portrayals, usually between casual sexual partners. A second goal of this study was to analyze the portrayals of the typical casual sexual experience script and the typical casual sexual relationship script in which these sexual behaviors often occur. For instance, our analyses revealed that female characters were more likely to initiate casual sex compared to male characters. Moreover, casual sex often occurred between former partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Timmermans
- Department of Media and Communication, Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Van den Bulck
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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25
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Muise A, Maxwell JA, Impett EA. What Theories and Methods From Relationship Research Can Contribute to Sex Research. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2018; 55:540-562. [PMID: 29419322 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1421608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and relationship satisfaction tend to be closely linked in the context of romantic relationships. Understanding how sexual processes influence relationships and how aspects of the relationship influence a couple's sex life can provide insight into the maintenance of sexual desire and satisfaction over time. In this article, we review how theories and methods that form the foundation for relationship research have made-and will continue to make-sexuality research a stronger, more theoretical, and methodologically sophisticated science. We discuss the key theories that have been used to advance our understanding of who is more likely to be sexually satisfied in relationships, when sex is most satisfying, and how couples can have more satisfying sex lives and relationships. We then provide an overview of dyadic and repeated-measures designs and demonstrate how the use of these types of research methods allows relationship and sexuality researchers to answer novel and nuanced questions about how romantic partners influence each other, as well as how sexual processes unfold in couples' daily lives and over time. Throughout the review, we highlight what we see as fruitful directions for future research at the intersection of sexuality and relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Muise
- a Department of Psychology , York University
| | | | - Emily A Impett
- c Department of Psychology , University of Toronto Mississauga
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26
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Norona JC, Tregubenko V, Boiangiu SB, Levy G, Scharf M, Welsh DP, Shulman S. Changes in rejection sensitivity across adolescence and emerging adulthood: Associations with relationship involvement, quality, and coping. J Adolesc 2018; 63:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dubé S, Lavoie F, Blais M, Hébert M. Consequences of Casual Sex Relationships and Experiences on Adolescents' Psychological Well-Being: A Prospective Study. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:1006-1017. [PMID: 28010123 PMCID: PMC5731847 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1255874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) are still considered to be detrimental to the psychological well-being of youth even though findings remain inconclusive. Most studies have focused on emerging adulthood. Using a prospective design based on a representative sample of high school students in the province of Québec, we measured sexually active adolescents' (N = 2,304) psychological well-being six months after engaging in these relationships while controlling for prior well-being. We analyzed two forms of CSREs, friends with benefits (FWB) and one-night stand (ONS) relationships, as well as levels of sexual intimacy. The results show that CSREs had a small impact (small effect sizes) on subsequent psychological well-being, especially among girls; FWB relationships involving penetrative contact increased girls' psychological distress and both their alcohol and drug consumption. ONSs including sexual touching increased girls' psychological distress and their drug use. None of the CSREs influenced boys' psychological well-being. The findings underscored the importance of using caution when arguing that CSREs are detrimental or harmless to the psychological well-being of adolescents. The results also highlight the importance of taking into account gender and forms of CSREs in prevention and health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dubé
- Sophie Dubé, École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Quebec (Quebec), Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Francine Lavoie
- Francine Lavoie, École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Quebec (Quebec), Canada, G1V 0A6, 418-656-2131 # 7496
| | - Martin Blais
- Martin Blais, Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 455, René Lévesque Est (W-R310), Montreal (Quebec), Canada, H3C 3P8, 514-987-3000 # 4031
| | - Martine Hébert
- Martine Hébert, Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 455, René Lévesque Est (W-R410), Montreal (Quebec), Canada, H3C 3P8, 514-987-3000 # 5697
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Dubé S, Lavoie F, Blais M, Hébert M. Psychological Well-Being as a Predictor of Casual Sex Relationships and Experiences among Adolescents: A Short-Term Prospective Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:1807-1818. [PMID: 28229246 PMCID: PMC5758342 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Psychological characteristics may predispose youths to engage in casual sex relationships and experiences (CSREs). Using a prospective longitudinal design and in a subsample of 2601 high school students in the province of Québec, we explored possible shifts in engaging in one-night stands (ONSs) and friends with benefits (FWB) relationships over a 6-month period among sexually active adolescents. We also examined the relationships among well-being predictors (psychological distress, self-esteem, suicidal ideation, and alcohol and drug consumption) and these shifts while exploring possible gender differences. Multinomial regressions in Mplus were used to explore whether initial psychological well-being was related to entrance type, the transition from having no CSREs to having one, or discontinuation or continuation type. Frequent alcohol consumption (i.e., once or twice a week or more) for boys and frequent consumption of both alcohol and drugs for girls were associated with continuation of CSREs. Suicidal ideation was associated with entrance into FWB relationships as well as continuation of FWB relationships and ONSs for girls. Psychological distress was a predictor of discontinuation of ONSs for boys. These results suggested that interventions should consider the specific and common needs of both genders in regard to ONSs and FWB relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dubé
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Francine Lavoie
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Martin Blais
- Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Martine Hébert
- Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Blanc Molina A, Rojas Tejada AJ. [Condom use, number of partners and sexual debut in young people in penile-vaginal intercourse, oral sex and anal sex]. Rev Int Androl 2017; 16:8-14. [PMID: 30063024 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to analyse condom use, number of sexual partners and age of sexual debut in young people in penile-vaginal intercourse, oral sex and anal sex, to establish a comparison between men and women (first part of the study), and to analyse the differences according to sexual behavior conducted in the three variables (second part of the study). MATERIAL AND METHOD Ex post facto descriptive study by online survey. A total of 886 young heterosexual people (485 women and 401 men) participated for the first part of the study. For the second part of the study, youngsters who had carried out the three sexual behaviors under study were selected. The premises of two Spanish universities were used to distribute the survey by internet. RESULTS Women reported a more frequent use condom during oral sex, and men reported to have more sexual partners with whom they perform penile-vaginal intercourse (4.57 vs. 3.80) and oral sex (3.34 vs. 2.65). The average onset age for penile-vaginal intercourse and oral sex was close to 17 years and for anal sex close to 19 years. Frequency of condom use and number of sexual partners were higher in penile-vaginal intercourse and the age of sexual debut was higher in anal sex (men=19.20; women=19.38). CONCLUSIONS The results support the idea that young people use the condom more to prevent pregnancies than to prevent STD. Moreover, the sexual behaviors follow a pattern of progression in heterosexual young people (from penile-vaginal intercourse to anal sex).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Blanc Molina
- Departamento de Psicología, Grupo de Investigación Estudios Psicosociales y Metodológicos, Universidad de Almería, Almería, España.
| | - Antonio J Rojas Tejada
- Departamento de Psicología, Grupo de Investigación Estudios Psicosociales y Metodológicos, Universidad de Almería, Almería, España
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30
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Wesche R, Lefkowitz ES, Vasilenko SA. Latent classes of sexual behaviors: Prevalence, predictors, and consequences. SEXUALITY RESEARCH & SOCIAL POLICY : JOURNAL OF NSRC : SR & SP 2017; 14:100-111. [PMID: 28163800 PMCID: PMC5283802 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-016-0228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Scholars of adolescent and emerging adult sexuality have recently begun to study how diverse patterns of sexual behaviors contribute to development and well-being. A person-oriented approach to studying sexual behaviors provides a nuanced understanding of sexual repertoires. The goals of this paper were to document patterns of sexual behaviors ranging from kissing to penetrative sex, and to examine how latent classes of behaviors, gender, and partner type (romantic vs. nonromantic) predict intra- and interpersonal consequences of sexual behaviors. Latent class analysis of a stratified random sample of U.S. college students revealed four classes of sexual behaviors: Kissing Only, Kissing and Touching, All Behaviors, and Oral and Penetrative Only. Compared to individuals in the All Behaviors class, individuals in the Kissing Only class were less likely to experience a positive or a negative intrapersonal consequence of sexual behaviors. Men were less likely to report a negative intrapersonal consequence than women were. Partner type predicted negative interpersonal consequences for the All Behaviors class. Implications are discussed in terms of normative sexual development, prevention, and sexual and relationship education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Wesche
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA
| | - Eva S. Lefkowitz
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA
| | - Sara A. Vasilenko
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University State College, PA
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Kuperberg A, Padgett JE. Partner Meeting Contexts and Risky Behavior in College Students' Other-Sex and Same-Sex Hookups. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:55-72. [PMID: 26813742 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1124378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed a sample of 12,065 hookup encounters among college students at 22 colleges and universities in the Online College Social Life Survey (OCSLS) to explore how partner meeting locales may influence college students' risky behavior when hookup partners are met in those contexts. For other-sex encounters, meeting in bars or at parties, through common interest groups or history, and (for women) at dormitories was associated with binge drinking during encounters, while meeting online and (for women) in public was associated with reduced binge drinking during encounters. Unprotected sex during other-sex encounters was more common when partners were met in public and less common with partners met in dormitories. Binge drinking and marijuana use during or just prior to encounters was associated with an increased risk of unprotected sex and other substance use. Marijuana use and unprotected sex during encounters was more common when students knew their hookup partner better or had hooked up with the partner before, while binge drinking was associated with hooking up with less familiar partners. Associations of meeting contexts with behavior were explained by the locale's association with institutional and personal trust, social scripts, and selection into certain contexts by students with a risk-taking personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Kuperberg
- a Department of Sociology , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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Adult Attachment and Heterosexual College Women’s Hookup Behaviors: Mediating Effects of Sexual Motives. SEX ROLES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-016-0726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rodrigue C, Fernet M. A metasynthesis of qualitative studies on casual sexual relationships and experiences. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.253-a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most studies on casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) are quantitative and focus on characteristics of individuals who experience them. There has been an increase in qualitative research on CSREs that have revealed new insights into how they are experienced among young adults. To synthesize qualitative knowledge on how CSREs are experienced, a qualitative metasynthesis was carried out using 13 studies published up to June, 2015, yielding seven conceptual categories. Opportunities and choices regarding CSREs were organized according to biographical context, socioenvironmental context, and peer norms. Expectations of CSREs related to lack of communication, emotional, and sexual commitment or accountability. Implicit rules allowed maintaining boundaries between sex and emotion. Thus, CSREs can satisfy various needs related to sex and intimacy. Sex in CSREs was reported as pleasure-centred, accessible, and improved when experienced in association with intimacy. However, intimacy and gender roles interfered with condom use. The sexual double standard and gender roles limited women's agency and enjoyment of sex. Expectations for the lack of intimacy and communication conflicted with developing unrequited feelings, resulting in self-blame and attempts to suppress emotions. While partners may have a hard time defining their relationship over time, some CSREs involved developing friendships or romance, and ruining friendships. The results indicate a clash between expectations, rules, and experiences of CSREs. The lack of symbolic markers for the meaning or status of CSREs as they develop can be seen as a consequence of the complexity of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Rodrigue
- Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC
| | - Mylène Fernet
- Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC
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Shepardson RL, Walsh JL, Carey KB, Carey MP. Benefits of Hooking Up: Self-Reports from First-Year College Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2016; 28:216-220. [PMID: 28243341 PMCID: PMC5325674 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2016.1178677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored the benefits of hooking up among first-year college women. METHODS Two authors coded for the presence of 10 benefits (kappas: 0.76-0.97) in 262 women's responses to an open-response survey question regarding benefits of their most recent hookup. RESULTS The most common benefits identified were sexual satisfaction (23%), general positive emotions (21%), increased confidence (11%), and clarification of feelings (11%). Overall, 71% reported at least one benefit, but 29% reported no benefits. CONCLUSIONS For some young women, hooking up has benefits that can include meeting their needs for social connection, sexual exploration and intimacy, and fun/enjoyment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L. Shepardson
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Jennifer L. Walsh
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kate B. Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Michael P. Carey
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
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Casual Sex and College Students: Sex Differences and the Impact of Father Absence. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-016-0061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gravel EE, Pelletier LG, Reissing ED. “Doing it” for the right reasons: Validation of a measurement of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation for sexual relationships. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Boislard MA, van de Bongardt D, Blais M. Sexuality (and Lack Thereof) in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Review of the Literature. Behav Sci (Basel) 2016; 6:E8. [PMID: 26999225 PMCID: PMC4810042 DOI: 10.3390/bs6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth sexuality has been primarily studied with a focus on its potential public health issues, such as sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies, and its comorbidity with other risky behaviors. More recently, it has been studied as a normative step in romantic partnerships, either pre- or post-marital, as well as outside the context of romantic involvement. In this paper, we review the extensive literature on sexuality in adolescence and early adulthood both within and outside romantic relationships (i.e., casual sexual relationships and experiences; CSREs). Furthermore, the recent recognition of youth sexuality as a developmental task has led to a renewed interest from scholars in youth who abstain from sexual encounters, whether deliberately or not. A brief overview of the literature on cultural differences in sexuality, and sexual-minority youth sexual development is also provided. This paper concludes by suggesting future directions to bring the field of youth sexuality and romantic relationships forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Aude Boislard
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Daphne van de Bongardt
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education (YIELD), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15776, Amsterdam 1001 NG, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin Blais
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Muise A, Schimmack U, Impett EA. Sexual Frequency Predicts Greater Well-Being, But More is Not Always Better. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550615616462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Is it true that engaging in more frequent sex is associated with greater well-being? The media emphasizes—and research supports—the claim that the more sex you have, the happier you will feel. Across three studies ( N = 30,645), we demonstrate that the association between sexual frequency and well-being is best described by a curvilinear (as opposed to a linear) association where sex is no longer associated with well-being at a frequency of more than once a week. In Study 1, the association between sexual frequency and well-being is only significant for people in relationships. In Studies 2 and 3, which included only people in relationships, sexual frequency had a curvilinear association with relationship satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction mediated the association between sexual frequency and well-being. For people in relationships, sexual frequency is no longer significantly associated with well-being at a frequency greater than once a week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Muise
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulrich Schimmack
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily A. Impett
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Mark KP, Garcia JR, Fisher HE. Perceived emotional and sexual satisfaction across sexual relationship contexts: Gender and sexual orientation differences and similarities. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.242-a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite general perceptions of committed romantic relationships as the most satisfying context with which to engage in sexual activity, acceptance of casual sexual contexts has increased in recent years. Yet little research has examined sexual and emotional satisfaction outside of the committed relationship context. Further, most satisfaction research has focused exclusively on heterosexual samples. The present study aimed to investigate sexual and emotional satisfaction derived from seven sexual relationship contexts and note similarities or differences based on gender and sexual orientation. Data were drawn from an online survey of 6,955 sexually diverse participants. Sexual satisfaction was stronger than emotional satisfaction within casual sex contexts (one night stand, first date, sex with a friend, and hookups) than within more committed contexts (married, living together, committed unmarried relationship). Men found all contexts except for sex in a committed unmarried relationship significantly more sexually and emotionally satisfying than women. Emotional and sexual satisfaction were significantly different across sexual orientation groups in casual sexual relationship contexts but not in more committed relationship contexts. Gay men reported gaining the most sexual and emotional satisfaction out of casual sex contexts, with lesbian women reporting the least out of casual sexual contexts. Overall, this research found that a wide variety of relationship contexts, including casual sexual contexts, can be a source of both sexual and emotional satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P. Mark
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Justin R. Garcia
- The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Helen E. Fisher
- The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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Garcia JR, Seibold-Simpson SM, Massey SG, Merriwether AM. Casual Sex: Integrating Social, Behavioral, and Sexual Health Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17341-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Uecker JE, Pearce LD, Andercheck B. The Four U's: Latent Classes of Hookup Motivations Among College Students. SOCIAL CURRENTS 2015; 2:163-181. [PMID: 27066516 PMCID: PMC4825812 DOI: 10.1177/2329496515579761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
College students' "hookups" have been the subject of a great deal of research in recent years. Motivations for hooking up have been linked to differences in well-being after the hookup, but studies detailing college students' motivations for engaging in hookups focus on single motivations. Using data from the 2010 Duke Hookup Survey, we consider how motivations for hooking up cluster to produce different classes, or profiles, of students who hook up, and how these classes are related to hookup regret. Four distinct classes of motivations emerged from our latent class analysis: Utilitarians (50%), Uninhibiteds (27%), Uninspireds (19%), and Unreflectives (4%). We find a number of differences in hookup motivation classes across social characteristics, including gender, year in school, race-ethnicity, self-esteem, and attitudes about sexual behavior outside committed relationships. Additionally, Uninspireds regret hookups more frequently than members of the other classes, and Uninhibiteds report regret less frequently than Utilitarians and Uninspireds. These findings reveal the complexity of motivations for hooking up and the link between motivations and regret.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa D Pearce
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Deutsch AR, Slutske WS. A Noncausal Relation Between Casual Sex in Adolescence and Early Adult Depression and Suicidal Ideation: A Longitudinal Discordant Twin Study. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2014; 52:770-80. [PMID: 25140765 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2014.942413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Research on relations between casual sex and mental health is inconclusive; while some studies indicate casual sex may lead to more negative mental health (e.g., depression), other studies report no such relationship. Using a genetically informed approach, this study examined whether earlier casual sex (i.e., ever engaging in casual sex and number of casual sex partners) in adolescence has a causal influence on later mental health in young adulthood (i.e., depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation), as well as the reverse relationship (adolescent negative mental health on young adult casual sex) by exploiting the quasi-experimental nature of discordant-twin models. Multilevel models that measured within-twin and between-twin pair effects of adolescent casual sex were estimated, using 714 twins (357 twin pairs) from the sibling subsample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Results indicated that there was no causal relationship between casual sex in adolescence and higher levels of depressive symptoms or suicidal ideation in young adulthood, and these effects did not differ by gender. There were also no causal relations between adolescent depressive symptoms or suicidal ideation and casual sexual experience in young adulthood. Implications for ways to increase scientific rigor by using different methods (e.g., genetically informed analyses) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle R Deutsch
- a Department of Psychological Sciences , University of Missouri-Columbia
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