MiRNA-21-5p Accelerates EMT and Inhibits Apoptosis of Laryngeal Carcinoma via Inhibiting KLF6 Expression

The impact of Yiwei decoction on the LncRNA and CircRNA regulatory networks in premature ovarian insufficiency

Premature ovarian insufficiency（POI）is a female reproductive aging illness. Yiwei decoction（YWD） is a traditional treatment for Yangming nourishment. YWD can treat premature ovarian insufficiency, but the exact molecular mechanism is unknown. As a result, the differential expression of Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) and Circular RNAs(CircRNAs) in the ovary of POI rats after YWD treatment was investigated in this paper, and the CeRNA regulatory network was built. The model was created using cyclophosphamide. The model group + YWD was in Group A, the model control group was in Group B, and the regular control group was in Group C. In this study, 177 differential expression Long noncoding RNAs(DELncRNAs) and 190 differential expression Circular RNAs (DECircRNAs) were discovered between A and B (P＜0.05,|LogFC|＞1). Following the analysis, 27 DELncRNAs and 96 DECircRNAs (P-adjusted＜0.05,|LogFC|＞1) were discovered. At the same time, we built the CeRNA network using differentially expressed mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) expression between groups A and B. The DELncRNAs were used to construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network with 27 LncRNAs, 4 miRNAs, and 19 mRNAs. The DECircRNAs were utilized to establish a CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network that was made up of 15 CircRNAs, 4 miRNAs, and 20 mRNA. The highly correlated regulatory networks were the LncMSTRG.22691.3/miR-3102/ANGPT4 and Circ10_34698898_34699378/miR-33-5p/TTC22. Circ20_12035276_12036793、Circ20_30693935_30696337、Circ4_157723097_157723378 and Circ4_157923266_157923904 occurred concurrently in AvsB, BvsC, and AvsC. MiRDB predicted eight target miRNAs for these CircRNAs. The miRanda(score = 140，energy = -1) binding energy calculation revealed that seven miRNAs were well combined with three CircRNA base complementary pairs. This implies that 3 DECircRNAs could serve as spongy bodies for these miRNAs. Network pharmacological analysis showed that ten active components in YWD may regulate the expression of LncRNAs and CircRNAs, such as Stigmasterol, Uridine, Ophiopogonanone A, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, and others. In conclusion, this study combined transcriptomics and network pharmacological analysis to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs as well as CircRNAs in ovaries of YWD-treated POI rats, thereby constructing ceRNA networks implicated in POI. This would contribute to clarifying the pathways by which Chinese herbal compounds regulate gene expression in POI.

Noncoding RNAs: an emerging modulator of drug resistance in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is the eighth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Chemotherapy including gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and cisplatin, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy have been demonstrated to significantly improve prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients with advanced diseases. However, most patients developed drug resistance to these therapeutic agents, which leading to shortened patient survival. The detailed molecular mechanisms contributing to pancreatic cancer drug resistance remain largely unclear. The growing evidences have shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are involved in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and development of drug resistance. In the present review, we systematically summarized the new insight on of various miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs on drug resistance of pancreatic cancer. These results demonstrated that targeting the tumor-specific ncRNA may provide novel options for pancreatic cancer treatments.

Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Metastasis: Focus on Laryngeal Carcinoma

In epithelial neoplasms, such as laryngeal carcinoma, the survival indexes deteriorate abruptly when the tumor becomes metastatic. A molecular phenomenon that normally appears during embryogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is reactivated at the initial stage of metastasis when tumor cells invade the adjacent stroma. The hallmarks of this phenomenon are the abolishment of the epithelial and acquisition of mesenchymal traits by tumor cells which enhance their migratory capacity. EMT signaling is mediated by complex molecular pathways that regulate the expression of crucial molecules contributing to the tumor’s metastatic potential. Effectors of EMT include loss of adhesion, cytoskeleton remodeling, evasion of apoptosis and immune surveillance, upregulation of metalloproteinases, neovascularization, acquisition of stem-cell properties, and the activation of tumor stroma. However, the current approach to EMT involves a holistic model that incorporates the acquisition of potentials beyond mesenchymal transition. As EMT is inevitably associated with a reverse mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), a model of partial EMT is currently accepted, signifying the cell plasticity associated with invasion and metastasis. In this review, we identify the cumulative evidence which suggests that various aspects of EMT theory apply to laryngeal carcinoma, a tumor of significant morbidity and mortality, introducing novel molecular targets with prognostic and therapeutic potential.