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Murthy HN, Joseph KS, Paek KY, Park SY. Bioreactor configurations for adventitious root culture: recent advances toward the commercial production of specialized metabolites. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:837-859. [PMID: 37500186 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2233690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In vitro plant cell and organ cultures are appealing alternatives to traditional methods of producing valuable specialized metabolites for use as: pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics, perfumes, and agricultural chemicals. Cell cultures have been adopted for the production of specialized metabolites in certain plants. However, in certain other systems, adventitious roots are superior to cell suspension cultures as they are organized structures that accumulate high levels of specialized metabolites. The cultivation of adventitious roots has been investigated in various bioreactor systems, including: mechanically agitated, pneumatically agitated, and modified bioreactors. The main relevance and importance of this work are to develop a long-lasting industrial biotechnological technology as well as to improve the synthesis of these metabolites from the plant in vitro systems. These challenges are exacerbated by: the peculiarities of plant cell metabolism, the complexity of specialized metabolite pathways, the proper selection of bioreactor systems, and bioprocess optimization. This review's major objective is to analyze several bioreactor types for the development of adventitious roots, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each type of bioreactor, and to describe the strategies used to increase the synthesis of specialized metabolites. This review also emphasizes current advancements in the field, and successful instances of scaled-up cultures and the generation of specialized metabolites for commercial purposes are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
- Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kee Yoeup Paek
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Elateeq AA, Sun Y, Nxumalo W, Gabr AM. Biotechnological production of silymarin in Silybum marianum L.: A review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Arano-Varela H, Fernández FJ, Estrada-Zúñiga ME, Cruz-Sosa F. Verbascoside production in long-term Buddleja cordata Kunth cell suspension cultures. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:245. [PMID: 32411569 PMCID: PMC7214575 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, our group reported the establishment of a white callus cell line of Buddleja cordata Kunth that is a high producer of the secondary metabolite, verbascoside (VB, also named acteoside), under suspension culture conditions. Here, we present experimental evidence of the sustained ability of that cellular line to grow and produce high amounts of VB for 5 years of continuous culture. Cellular line profiles were determined at the early (at the beginning) and late stages (at the end of 5 years of continuous subculturing) by analyzing relevant parameters of culture growth, i.e., specific growth rate [µ], doubling time [dt], and growth index [GI], as well as VB production. Late-stage cultures exhibited a 61% faster growth rate than early-stage subcultures, and 25 and 3% lower doubling time and growth index. The extents of growth phases were found to be different. Similar amounts of biomass were found (9.5 g and 9.4 g L-1). Verbascoside production increased parallel to cell growth; maximal yield level occurred in the mid-exponential phase and lasted until the end of the stationary phase (i.e., from the 15th to the 25th day and from the 9th to the 21st day for the early and late stages, correspondingly). The content of VB was higher in the late-stage culture (1.43 ± 0945 g L-1) than in the early-stage culture (1.21 ± 0.0286 g L-1). Productivity values point out the potential use of B. cordata cell line in the biotechnological production of VB and for research focused on the biochemistry of secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Arano-Varela
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F. J. Fernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. E. Estrada-Zúñiga
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Bióticos-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca km 14.5, C.P. 50285 Toluca, Estado de Mexico Mexico
| | - F. Cruz-Sosa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
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In vitro culture, transformation and genetic fidelity of Milk Thistle. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:563-572. [PMID: 30733774 PMCID: PMC6353781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review article presents a consolidated explanation and provides a comprehensive description of various studies, carried out on in vitro culture and hairy root cultures of S. marianum which can be consider an alternative source of flavonolignans. To overcome the constrains of conventional propagation of silybum plant, tissue culture and advanced biotechnology proved to be an influential tool that can complement conventional breeding and accelerate silybum development. The present review is focused on biotechnological tools like in vitro culture, hairy root cultures and genetic fidelity of S. marianum which can be a potent tool for production of secondary metabolites from these cultures.
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Zafari S, Sharifi M, Chashmi NA. A comparative study of biotechnological approaches for producing valuable flavonoids in Prosopis farcta. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:603-614. [PMID: 29460196 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The callus and hairy root cultures of Prosopis farcta were established to develop effective strategies to enhance its valuable and medicinally important flavonoid compounds. For callus induction, the hypocotyl, cotyledon and shoot explants were subjected to different plant hormones, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin and dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Greater callus induction was obtained from hypocotyl explants on MS medium containing 3.0 mg L-1 NAA + 2.0 mg L-1 BAP. With the addition of 0.5 mg L-1 asparagine to this medium, the maximum callus growth was achieved. Hairy root culture of P. farcta was performed using transformation of different explants with strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA9404, A4, AR15834. The AR15834 strain was more effective for hairy root induction where it caused hairy root formation on 59% of the infected cotyledon explants. We compared profiles of flavonoids isolated from seedling roots, hairy roots, and callus cultures of P. farcta. The colorimetric analysis showed that the content of total flavonoids of hairy roots was 1.54 and 2.52 times higher than in seedling roots and callus, respectively. The presence of flavonoids was verified by LC/MS in positive ion mode. The results showed that flavonoid composition was different in the roots and callus. Naringenin was the major constituent in callus, whereas resveratrol, quercetin and myricetin were the most abundant compounds found in hairy roots. The main objective of this research was to establish hairy roots in P. farcta to synthesize flavonoids at levels comparable to in vitro-grown roots. The present study also opens up a way to further improve the production of pharmaceutically valuable flavonoids and to produce desired metabolites using the hairy root culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaieh Zafari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-154, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-154, Iran.
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Gabr AM, Ghareeb H, El Shabrawi HM, Smetanska I, Bekheet S. Enhancement of silymarin and phenolic compound accumulation in tissue culture of Milk thistle using elicitor feeding and hairy root cultures. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2016; 14:327-333. [PMID: 30647631 PMCID: PMC6299848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of the metabolite elicitors chitosan, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) as well as the hairy root transformation were tested for silymarin and phenolic compound accumulation in in vitro cultures of Milk thistle. For callus induction, leaf explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l NAA + 2 mg/l Kin + 0.1 mg/l GA3. Chitosan, SA and MeJA were added separately in three concentrations 200, 400 and 800 mg/l; 10, 20 and 40 mg/l; 20, 40 and 80 mg/l, respectively, to hormone free B5 medium. Alternatively, cotyledons of 12 day old seedlings were transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 strain. Overall, increasing the concentrations of the three elicitors dramatically increased the total silymarin content. Remarkably, the elicitors mainly enhanced the accumulation of silybine A&B that were not detected in un-treated callus culture (control). In addition, the hairy root culture triggered the accumulation of silybine A&B, and silydianin, which was not detected in the non-transgenic roots. The hairy root culture was superior in production of the phenolic compounds in comparison to the control and elicitor treatments. The hairy root cultures showed also higher antioxidant capacities than non-transformed cultures and/or chemically elicited-callus cultures. Thus hairy root provide instrumental in enhancing the production of economically valuable metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M.M. Gabr
- Plant Biotechnology Dept., National Research Centre, Bohouth Str., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Plant Food Processing, Agricultural Faculty, University of Applied Science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Markgrafenstr 16, 91746 Weidenbach, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Plant Biotechnology Dept., National Research Centre, Bohouth Str., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hassan Ghareeb
- Plant Biotechnology Dept., National Research Centre, Bohouth Str., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haatem M. El Shabrawi
- Plant Biotechnology Dept., National Research Centre, Bohouth Str., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iryna Smetanska
- Department of Plant Food Processing, Agricultural Faculty, University of Applied Science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Markgrafenstr 16, 91746 Weidenbach, Germany
| | - S.A. Bekheet
- Plant Biotechnology Dept., National Research Centre, Bohouth Str., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Firouzi A, Mohammadi SA, Khosrowchahli M, Movafeghi A, Hasanloo T. Enhancement of Silymarin Production in Cell Culture ofSilybum marianum(L) Gaertn by Elicitation and Precursor Feeding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2013.791908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Janda M, Planchais S, Djafi N, Martinec J, Burketova L, Valentova O, Zachowski A, Ruelland E. Phosphoglycerolipids are master players in plant hormone signal transduction. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:839-51. [PMID: 23471417 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerolipids are essential structural constituents of membranes and some also have important cell signalling roles. In this review, we focus on phosphoglycerolipids that are mediators in hormone signal transduction in plants. We first describe the structures of the main signalling phosphoglycerolipids and the metabolic pathways that generate them, namely the phospholipase and lipid kinase pathways. In silico analysis of Arabidopsis transcriptome data provides evidence that the genes encoding the enzymes of these pathways are transcriptionally regulated in responses to hormones, suggesting some link with hormone signal transduction. The involvement of phosphoglycerolipid signalling in the early responses to abscisic acid, salicylic acid and auxins is then detailed. One of the most important signalling lipids in plants is phosphatidic acid. It can activate or inactivate protein kinases and/or protein phosphatases involved in hormone signalling. It can also activate NADPH oxidase leading to the production of reactive oxygen species. We will interrogate the mechanisms that allow the activation/deactivation of the lipid pathways, in particular the roles of G proteins and calcium. Mediating lipids thus appear as master players of cell signalling, modulating, if not controlling, major transducing steps of hormone signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Janda
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, 160 000 Prague, Czech Republic
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El Sherif F, Khattab S, Ibrahim AK, Ahmed SA. Improved silymarin content in elicited multiple shoot cultures of Silybum marianum L. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 19:127-136. [PMID: 24381444 PMCID: PMC3550681 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-012-0141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Silybum marianum L. extracts are being used as antihepatotoxic therapy for liver diseases. Silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid mixture isolated from milk thistle which is believed to be responsible for the plant's hepatoprotective action. Regeneration of Silybum marianum plants from shoot tip explants and assessment of their morphogenic potential, silymarin total concentration and its major constituents upon exposure to medium composition alteration and different elicitors' application was targeted. Different concentrations of NaCl, quercetin, gamma irradiation and dried fungal extracts were used to elicit silymarin production in the cultures. The chemical composition of silymarin and its total concentration was investigated through HPLC at all the experiment stages. Multiple shoots were recorded after 3 weeks of culture on MS medium containing various concentrations of BA and/or NAA. IAA was more effective than NAA and IBA in inducing robust roots in shoot cultures. The flowering plants recorded 20 % and 40 % of the total plants number in the multiplication and rooting stages respectively. The highest total silymarin concentration reached its peak with (10 Gy) gamma-irradiation to be 6.598 % dry weight in the in vitro regenerated shoot tip explants. The in vitro grown flowers showed 1.7 times more sylimarin productivity as compared to that of the wild grown congruent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia El Sherif
- />Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
| | - Salah Khattab
- />Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
| | - Amany K. Ibrahim
- />Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- />Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
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Wilson SA, Roberts SC. Recent advances towards development and commercialization of plant cell culture processes for the synthesis of biomolecules. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2012; 10:249-68. [PMID: 22059985 PMCID: PMC3288596 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell culture systems were initially explored for use in commercial synthesis of several high-value secondary metabolites, allowing for sustainable production that was not limited by the low yields associated with natural harvest or the high cost associated with complex chemical synthesis. Although there have been some commercial successes, most notably paclitaxel production from Taxus sp., process limitations exist with regards to low product yields and inherent production variability. A variety of strategies are being developed to overcome these limitations including elicitation, in situ product removal and metabolic engineering with single genes and transcription factors. Recently, the plant cell culture production platform has been extended to pharmaceutically active heterologous proteins. Plant systems are beneficial because they are able to produce complex proteins that are properly glycosylated, folded and assembled without the risk of contamination by toxins that are associated with mammalian or microbial production systems. Additionally, plant cell culture isolates transgenic material from the environment, allows for more controllable conditions over field-grown crops and promotes secretion of proteins to the medium, reducing downstream purification costs. Despite these benefits, the increase in cost of heterologous protein synthesis in plant cell culture as opposed to field-grown crops is significant and therefore processes must be optimized with regard to maximizing secretion and enhancing protein stability in the cell culture media. This review discusses recent advancements in plant cell culture processing technology, focusing on progress towards overcoming the problems associated with commercialization of these production systems and highlighting recent commercial successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Wilson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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Salicylic acid improves podophyllotoxin production in cell cultures of Linum album by increasing the expression of genes related with its biosynthesis. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:1739-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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