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Rafiq QA, Ortega I, Jenkins SI, Wilson SL, Patel AK, Barnes AL, Adams CF, Delcassian D, Smith D. The early career researcher's toolkit: translating tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and cell therapy products. Regen Med 2015; 10:989-1003. [PMID: 26628407 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the importance of translation for the development of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies is widely recognized, the process of translation is less well understood. This is particularly the case among some early career researchers who may not appreciate the intricacies of translational research or make decisions early in development which later hinders effective translation. Based on our own research and experiences as early career researchers involved in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine translation, we discuss common pitfalls associated with translational research, providing practical solutions and important considerations which will aid process and product development. Suggestions range from effective project management, consideration of key manufacturing, clinical and regulatory matters and means of exploiting research for successful commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim A Rafiq
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,Aston Medical Research Institute, School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Ilida Ortega
- Bioengineering & Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Stuart I Jenkins
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Samantha L Wilson
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clincial Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Asha K Patel
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modeling, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Christopher F Adams
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Derfogail Delcassian
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Centre for Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David Smith
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,PCT, a Caladrius company, 4 Pearl Court, Suite C, Allendale, NJ 07401, USA
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Chan AKC, Heathman TRJ, Coopman K, Hewitt CJ. Multiparameter flow cytometry for the characterisation of extracellular markers on human mesenchymal stem cells. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 36:731-41. [PMID: 24322774 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular surface proteins are used to identify fully-functional human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in a mixed population. Here, a multiparameter flow cytometry assay was developed to examine the expression of several bone marrow-derived hMSC markers simultaneously at the single cell level. The multiparameter approach demonstrates a depth of analysis that goes far beyond the conventional single or dual staining methods. CD73, CD90 and CD105 were chosen as positive markers as they are expressed on multipotent hMSCs, whilst CD34 and HLA-DR were chosen as negative indicators. Single colour analysis suggested a population purity of 100 %; in contrast, when analysed via the multiparameter method, the CD73(+ve)/CD105(+ve)/CD90(+ve)/HLA-DR(-ve)/CD34(-ve) phenotypes represented 94.5 ± 1.3 % of the total cell population. Also, although CD271 has been posited as a definite early stage hMSC marker, here we show it is not present on pre-passage cells, highlighting the need for careful marker selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Chan
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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