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Silva FSR, Santos SPO, Meyer R, Silva ES, Pinheiro CS, Alcantara-Neves NM, Pacheco LGC. In vivo cleavage of solubility tags as a tool to enhance the levels of soluble recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4159-4167. [PMID: 34370304 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are generally fused with solubility enhancer tags to improve the folding and solubility of the target protein of interest. However, the fusion protein strategy usually requires expensive proteases to perform in vitro proteolysis and additional chromatographic steps to obtain tag-free recombinant proteins. Expression systems based on intracellular processing of solubility tags in Escherichia coli, through co-expression of a site-specific protease, simplify the recombinant protein purification process, and promote the screening of molecules that fail to remain soluble after tag removal. High yields of soluble target proteins have already been achieved using these protease co-expression systems. Herein, we review approaches for controlled intracellular processing systems tailored to produce soluble untagged proteins in E. coli. We discuss the different genetic systems available for intracellular processing of recombinant proteins regarding system design features, advantages, and limitations of the various strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe S R Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sara P O Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carina S Pinheiro
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Neuza M Alcantara-Neves
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luis G C Pacheco
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Ran J, Wang J, Dai Z, Miao Y, Gan J, Zhao C, Guan Q. Irradiation-Induced Changes in the Immunogenicity of Lung Cancer Cell Lines: Based on Comparison of X-rays and Carbon Ions. Front Public Health 2021; 9:666282. [PMID: 33968889 PMCID: PMC8101633 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.666282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the immunogenicity of tumors is considered to be an effective means to improve the synergistic immune effect of radiotherapy. Carbon ions have become ideal radiation for combined immunotherapy due to their particular radiobiological advantages. However, the difference in time and dose of immunogenic changes induced by Carbon ions and X-rays has not yet been fully clarified. To further explore the immunogenicity differences between carbon ions and X-rays induced by radiation in different "time windows" and "dose windows." In this study, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to screen out the marker genes from the single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of CD8+ T cells and constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Also, ELISA was used to test the exposure levels of HMGB1, IL-10, and TGF-β under different "time windows" and "dose windows" of irradiation with X-rays and carbon ions for A549, H520, and Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cell lines. The results demonstrated that different marker genes were involved in different processes of immune effect. HMGB1 was significantly enriched in the activated state, while the immunosuppressive factors TGF-β and IL-10 were mainly enriched in the non-functional state. Both X-rays and Carbon ions promoted the exposure of HMGB1, IL-10, and TGF-β in a time-dependent manner. X-rays but not Carbon ions increased the HMGB1 exposure level in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, compared with X-rays, carbon ions increased the exposure of HMGB1 while relatively reduced the exposure levels of immunosuppressive factors IL-10 and TGF-β. Therefore, we speculate that Carbon ions may be more advantageous than conventional X-rays in inducing immune effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Ran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ziying Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yandong Miao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Gan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengpeng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Quanlin Guan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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