1
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Nevado B, Chapman MA, Brennan AC, Clark JW, Wong ELY, Batstone T, McCarthy SA, Tracey A, Torrance J, Sims Y, Abbott RJ, Filatov D, Hiscock SJ. Genomic changes and stabilization following homoploid hybrid speciation of the Oxford ragwort Senecio squalidus. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)01085-6. [PMID: 39260362 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Oxford ragwort (Senecio squalidus) is one of only two homoploid hybrid species known to have originated very recently, so it is a unique model for determining genomic changes and stabilization following homoploid hybrid speciation. Here, we provide a chromosome-level genome assembly of S. squalidus with 95% of the assembly contained in the 10 longest scaffolds, corresponding to its haploid chromosome number. We annotated 30,249 protein-coding genes and estimated that ∼62% of the genome consists of repetitive elements. We then characterized genome-wide patterns of linkage disequilibrium, polymorphism, and divergence in S. squalidus and its two parental species, finding that (1) linkage disequilibrium is highly heterogeneous, with a region on chromosome 4 showing increased values across all three species but especially in S. squalidus; (2) regions harboring genetic incompatibilities between the two parental species tend to be large, show reduced recombination, and have lower polymorphism in S. squalidus; (3) the two parental species have an unequal contribution (70:30) to the genome of S. squalidus, with long blocks of parent-specific ancestry supporting a very rapid stabilization of the hybrid lineage after hybrid formation; and (4) genomic regions with major parent ancestry exhibit an overrepresentation of loci with evidence for divergent selection occurring between the two parental species on Mount Etna. Our results show that both genetic incompatibilities and natural selection play a role in determining genome-wide reorganization following hybrid speciation and that patterns associated with homoploid hybrid speciation-typically seen in much older systems-can evolve very quickly following hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nevado
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Mark A Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Adrian C Brennan
- Biosciences Department, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - James W Clark
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Edgar L Y Wong
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Tom Batstone
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Alan Tracey
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Ying Sims
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Richard J Abbott
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Dmitry Filatov
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Simon J Hiscock
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; University of Oxford Botanic Garden and Arboretum, Rose Lane, Oxford OX1 4AZ, UK
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2
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Zhang Q, Chen G, Ke W, Peng C. Adaptation of the Invasive Plant Sphagneticola trilobata to Flooding Stress by Hybridization with Native Relatives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6738. [PMID: 38928441 PMCID: PMC11204346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybridization is common between invasive and native species and may produce more adaptive hybrids. The hybrid (Sphagneticola × guangdongensis) of Sphagneticola trilobata (an invasive species) and S. calendulacea (a native species) was found in South China. In this study, S. trilobata, S. calendulacea, and Sphagneticola × guangdongensis were used as research materials to explore their adaptability to flooding stress. Under flooding stress, the ethylene content and the expression of key enzyme genes related to ethylene synthesis in Sphagneticola × guangdongensis and S. calendulacea were significantly higher than those in S. trilobata. A large number of adventitious roots and aerenchyma were generated in Sphagneticola × guangdongensis and S. calendulacea. The contents of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in Sphagneticola × guangdongensis and S. calendulacea were lower than those in S. trilobata, and the leaves of S. trilobata were the most severely damaged under flooding stress. The results indicate that hybridization catalyzed the tolerance of Sphagneticola × guangdongensis to flooding stress, and the responses of Sphagneticola × guangdongensis to flooding stress were more similar to that of its native parent. This suggests that hybridization with native relatives is an important way for invasive species to overcome environmental pressure and achieve invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilei Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Q.Z.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Guangxin Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Q.Z.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
| | - Weiqian Ke
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Q.Z.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
| | - Changlian Peng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Q.Z.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
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3
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Gawrońska B, Marszałek M, Kosiński P, Podsiedlik M, Bednorz L, Zeyland J. No wonder, it is a hybrid. Natural hybridization between Jacobaea vulgaris and J. erucifolia revealed by molecular marker systems and its potential ecological impact. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10467. [PMID: 37664498 PMCID: PMC10468328 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive changes in the environment are related to modifications of the habitat. Introducing exotic species, and interbreeding between species can lead to processes that in the case of rare species or small populations threatens their integrity. Given the declining trends of many populations due to increased hybridization, early recognition of hybrids becomes important in conservation management. Natural hybridization is prevalent in Jacobaea. There are many naturally occurring interspecific hybrids in this genus, including those between Jacobaea vulgaris and its relatives. Although Jacobaea erucifolia and J. vulgaris often co-occur and are considered closely related, apart from the few reports of German botanists on the existence of such hybrids, there is no information on research confirming hybridization between them. Morphologically intermediate individuals, found in the sympatric distributions of J. vulgaris and J. erucifolia, were hypothesized to be their hybrids. Two molecular marker systems (nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers) were employed to test this hypothesis and characterize putative hybrids. Nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequencing results and taxon-specific amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fragment distribution analysis confirmed the hybrid nature of all 25 putative hybrids. The AFLP patterns of most hybrids demonstrated a closer relationship to J. erucifolia, suggesting frequent backcrossing. Moreover, they showed that several individuals previously described as pure were probably also of hybrid origin, backcrosses to J. erucifolia and J. vulgaris. This study provides the first molecular confirmation that natural hybrids between J. vulgaris and J. erucifolia occur in Poland. Hybridization appeared to be bidirectional but asymmetrical with J. vulgaris as the usual maternal parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gawrońska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and BioengineeringPoznań University of Life SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Małgorzata Marszałek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and BioengineeringPoznań University of Life SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Piotr Kosiński
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and BioengineeringPoznań University of Life SciencesPoznańPoland
- Institute of DendrologyPolish Academy of SciencesKórnikPoland
| | - Marek Podsiedlik
- Natural History Collections, Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznańPoland
| | - Leszek Bednorz
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and BioengineeringPoznań University of Life SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Joanna Zeyland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and BioengineeringPoznań University of Life SciencesPoznańPoland
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Wong ELY, Nevado B, Hiscock SJ, Filatov DA. Rapid evolution of hybrid breakdown following recent divergence with gene flow in Senecio species on Mount Etna, Sicily. Heredity (Edinb) 2023; 130:40-52. [PMID: 36494489 PMCID: PMC9814926 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How do nascent species evolve reproductive isolation during speciation with on-going gene flow? How do hybrid lineages become stabilised hybrid species? While commonly used genomic approaches provide an indirect way to identify species incompatibility factors, synthetic hybrids generated from interspecific crosses allow direct pinpointing of phenotypic traits involved in incompatibilities and the traits that are potentially adaptive in hybrid species. Here we report the analysis of phenotypic variation and hybrid breakdown in crosses between closely-related Senecio aethnensis and S. chrysanthemifolius, and their homoploid hybrid species, S. squalidus. The two former species represent a likely case of recent (<200 ky) speciation with gene flow driven by adaptation to contrasting conditions of high- and low-elevations on Mount Etna, Sicily. As these species form viable and fertile hybrids, it remains unclear whether they have started to evolve reproductive incompatibility. Our analysis represents the first study of phenotypic variation and hybrid breakdown involving multiple Senecio hybrid families. It revealed wide range of variation in multiple traits, including the traits previously unrecorded in synthetic hybrids. Leaf shape, highly distinct between S. aethnensis and S. chrysanthemifolius, was extremely variable in F2 hybrids, but more consistent in S. squalidus. Our study demonstrates that interspecific incompatibilities can evolve rapidly despite on-going gene flow between the species. Further work is necessary to understand the genetic bases of these incompatibilities and their role in speciation with gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar L. Y. Wong
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.507705.0Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bruno Nevado
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Simon J. Hiscock
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,Oxford Botanic Garden and Arboretum, Oxford, UK
| | - Dmitry A. Filatov
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Barone G, Domina G, Bartolucci F, Galasso G, Peruzzi L. A Nomenclatural and Taxonomic Revision of the Senecio squalidus Group (Asteraceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192597. [PMID: 36235463 PMCID: PMC9572006 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Senecio squalidus (Asteraceae) currently includes nine subspecies distributed in North and Central Europe and in the Mediterranean basin. Within this taxonomic aggregate, many species have been described, but research on their nomenclatural types is incomplete. A complete nomenclatural survey of 19 names belonging to this taxonomically critical group was carried out. Fourteen lectotypes are here designated. The nomenclatural analysis, complemented by field investigations in the type localities of the taxa described in the Central Mediterranean, allowed us to accept 10 species. Accordingly, we proposed here a new name and a new missing combination at a specific level: S. aknoulensis and S. calabrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Barone
- Department of Architecture, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, bldg. 14., I-90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianniantonio Domina
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, bldg. 4., I-90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bartolucci
- Floristic Research Center of the Apennines, University of Camerino—Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park, San Colombo, Barisciano, I-67021 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Gabriele Galasso
- Section of Botany, Natural History Museum of Milan, Corso Venezia 55, I-20121 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Peruzzi
- PLANTSEED Lab, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Luca Ghini 13., I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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6
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Wang D, Xu X, Zhang H, Xi Z, Abbott RJ, Fu J, Liu JQ. Abiotic niche divergence of hybrid species from their progenitors. Am Nat 2022; 200:634-645. [DOI: 10.1086/721372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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7
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Wong ELY, Hiscock SJ, Filatov DA. The Role of Interspecific Hybridisation in Adaptation and Speciation: Insights From Studies in Senecio. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:907363. [PMID: 35812981 PMCID: PMC9260247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.907363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hybridisation is well documented in many species, especially plants. Although hybrid populations might be short-lived and do not evolve into new lineages, hybridisaiton could lead to evolutionary novelty, promoting adaptation and speciation. The genus Senecio (Asteraceae) has been actively used to unravel the role of hybridisation in adaptation and speciation. In this article, we first briefly describe the process of hybridisation and the state of hybridisation research over the years. We then discuss various roles of hybridisation in plant adaptation and speciation illustrated with examples from different Senecio species, but also mention other groups of organisms whenever necessary. In particular, we focus on the genomic and transcriptomic consequences of hybridisation, as well as the ecological and physiological aspects from the hybrids' point of view. Overall, this article aims to showcase the roles of hybridisation in speciation and adaptation, and the research potential of Senecio, which is part of the ecologically and economically important family, Asteraceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar L. Y. Wong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Edgar L. Y. Wong,
| | - Simon J. Hiscock
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Botanic Garden and Arboretum, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry A. Filatov
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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8
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Draper D, Laguna E, Marques I. Demystifying Negative Connotations of Hybridization for Less Biased Conservation Policies. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.637100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization is one of the most controversial—and usually neglected—issues in conservation due to its multiple evolutionary consequences that might include the origin and transfer of adaptations, the blur of distinctive lineages or the formation of maladaptive hybrids. However, despite different outcomes, most conservation laws do not offer any possibility of hybrids being protected since they are perceived as a threat to the survival of pure species. We assessed how much hybridization has contributed to species extinction considering all IUCN Red Data assessments. However, we found that it has been scarcely reported as a threat contributing to extinction: only 11 extinct species out of 120,369 assessments mentioned hybridization. Although the causes that contribute to species extinctions should be controlled, the reasons for not conserving hybrids seem subjective rather than empirically supported. In a genomic era where hybridization is being more frequently detected, the debate involving the conservation of hybrids should be re-opened. Should we conserve hybrids despite the possibility of gene flow with parental species? Should we protect only natural hybrids? The resolution of this debate goes to the heart of what we mean to conserve and the time scale of conservation. But hybridization is part of the evolutionary process and might even increase in the future due to human-induced changes. As such, it becomes clear that we need to move beyond the causes and instead tackle the consequences of hybridization to create environmental policies for the management of hybrids, considering both positive and negative consequences.
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9
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Li C, Wang X, Xiao Y, Sun X, Wang J, Yang X, Sun Y, Sha Y, Lv R, Yu Y, Ding B, Zhang Z, Li N, Wang T, Wendel JF, Liu B, Gong L. Coevolution in Hybrid Genomes: Nuclear-Encoded Rubisco Small Subunits and Their Plastid-Targeting Translocons Accompanying Sequential Allopolyploidy Events in Triticum. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:3409-3422. [PMID: 32602899 PMCID: PMC7743682 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Triticum/Aegilops complex includes hybrid species resulting from homoploid hybrid speciation and allopolyploid speciation. Sequential allotetra- and allohexaploidy events presumably result in two challenges for the hybrids, which involve 1) cytonuclear stoichiometric disruptions caused by combining two diverged nuclear genomes with the maternal inheritance of the cytoplasmic organellar donor; and 2) incompatibility of chimeric protein complexes with diverged subunits from nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes. Here, we describe coevolution of nuclear rbcS genes encoding the small subunits of Rubisco (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) and nuclear genes encoding plastid translocons, which mediate recognition and translocation of nuclear-encoded proteins into plastids, in allopolyploid wheat species. We demonstrate that intergenomic paternal-to-maternal gene conversion specifically occurred in the genic region of the homoeologous rbcS3 gene from the D-genome progenitor of wheat (abbreviated as rbcS3D) such that it encodes a maternal-like or B-subgenome-like SSU3D transit peptide in allohexaploid wheat but not in allotetraploid wheat. Divergent and limited interaction between SSU3D and the D-subgenomic TOC90D translocon subunit is implicated to underpin SSU3D targeting into the chloroplast of hexaploid wheat. This implicates early selection favoring individuals harboring optimal maternal-like organellar SSU3D targeting in hexaploid wheat. These data represent a novel dimension of cytonuclear evolution mediated by organellar targeting and transportation of nuclear proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaxian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuhan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Sha
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruili Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Baoxu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jonathan F Wendel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Nevado B, Harris SA, Beaumont MA, Hiscock SJ. Rapid homoploid hybrid speciation in British gardens: The origin of Oxford ragwort (
Senecio squalidus
). Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4221-4233. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nevado
- Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | | | - Simon J. Hiscock
- Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Oxford Botanic Garden and Arboretum Oxford UK
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11
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Walter GM, Abbott RJ, Brennan AC, Bridle JR, Chapman M, Clark J, Filatov D, Nevado B, Ortiz-Barrientos D, Hiscock SJ. Senecio as a model system for integrating studies of genotype, phenotype and fitness. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:326-344. [PMID: 31951018 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two major developments have made it possible to use examples of ecological radiations as model systems to understand evolution and ecology. First, the integration of quantitative genetics with ecological experiments allows detailed connections to be made between genotype, phenotype, and fitness in the field. Second, dramatic advances in molecular genetics have created new possibilities for integrating field and laboratory experiments with detailed genetic sequencing. Combining these approaches allows evolutionary biologists to better study the interplay between genotype, phenotype, and fitness to explore a wide range of evolutionary processes. Here, we present the genus Senecio (Asteraceae) as an excellent system to integrate these developments, and to address fundamental questions in ecology and evolution. Senecio is one of the largest and most phenotypically diverse genera of flowering plants, containing species ranging from woody perennials to herbaceous annuals. These Senecio species exhibit many growth habits, life histories, and morphologies, and they occupy a multitude of environments. Common within the genus are species that have hybridized naturally, undergone polyploidization, and colonized diverse environments, often through rapid phenotypic divergence and adaptive radiation. These diverse experimental attributes make Senecio an attractive model system in which to address a broad range of questions in evolution and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Walter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Richard J Abbott
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Adrian C Brennan
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jon R Bridle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Mark Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - James Clark
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Dmitry Filatov
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Bruno Nevado
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | | | - Simon J Hiscock
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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12
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Álvarez I, Agudo AB, Herrero A, Torices R. The Mendelian inheritance of gynomonoecy: insights from Anacyclus hybridizing species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:116-125. [PMID: 31903550 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Gynomonoecy is an infrequent sexual system in angiosperms, although widely represented within the Asteraceae family. Currently, the hypothesis of two nuclear loci controling gynomonoecy is the most accepted. However, the genic interactions are still uncertain. Anacyclus clavatus, A. homogamos, and A. valentinus differ in their sexual system and floral traits. Here, we investigate the inheritance of gynomonoecy in this model system to understand its prevalence in the family. METHODS We selected six natural populations (two per species) for intra- and interspecific experimental crosses, and generated a total of 1123 individuals from the F1 generation, F2 , and backcrosses for sexual system characterization. The frequency of gynomonoecy observed for each cross was tested to fit different possible hypotheses of genic interaction. Additionally, the breeding system and the degree of reproductive isolation between these species were assessed. RESULTS Complementary epistasis, in which two dominant alleles are required for trait expression, explained the frequencies of gynomonoecy observed across all generations. The heterozygosity inferred in Anacyclus valentinus, as well as its lower and variable seed set, is congruent with its hybrid origin. CONCLUSIONS In our model system gynomonoecy is controlled by complementary epistasis of two genes. A common origin of this sexual system in Asteraceae, in which genic duplications, mutations, and hybridization between lineages played a key role, is hypothesized whereas independent evolutionary pathways and possibly diverse underlying genetic factors are suggested for gynomonoecy expression in other angiosperm families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Álvarez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014-Madrid, Spain
| | - A Bruno Agudo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014-Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Herrero
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014-Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Torices
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933-Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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Li C, Sun X, Conover JL, Zhang Z, Wang J, Wang X, Deng X, Wang H, Liu B, Wendel JF, Gong L. Cytonuclear Coevolution following Homoploid Hybrid Speciation in Aegilops tauschii. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:341-349. [PMID: 30445640 PMCID: PMC6367959 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The diploid D-genome lineage of the Triticum/Aegilops complex has an evolutionary history involving genomic contributions from ancient A- and B/S-genome species. We explored here the possible cytonuclear evolutionary responses to this history of hybridization. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast DNAs indicates that the D-genome lineage has a maternal origin of the A-genome or some other closely allied lineage. Analyses of the nuclear genome in the D-genome species Aegilops tauschii indicate that accompanying and/or following this ancient hybridization, there has been biased maintenance of maternal A-genome ancestry in nuclear genes encoding cytonuclear enzyme complexes (CECs). Our study provides insights into mechanisms of cytonuclear coevolution accompanying the evolution and eventual stabilization of homoploid hybrid species. We suggest that this coevolutionary process includes likely rapid fixation of A-genome CEC orthologs as well as biased retention of A-genome nucleotides in CEC homologs following population level recombination during the initial generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuhan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Justin L Conover
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics and Evolution, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jonathan F Wendel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Mitchell N, Owens GL, Hovick SM, Rieseberg LH, Whitney KD. Hybridization speeds adaptive evolution in an eight-year field experiment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6746. [PMID: 31043692 PMCID: PMC6494830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization is a common phenomenon, yet its evolutionary outcomes remain debated. Here, we ask whether hybridization can speed adaptive evolution using resynthesized hybrids between two species of Texas sunflowers (Helianthus annuus and H. debilis) that form a natural hybrid in the wild (H. annuus ssp. texanus). We established separate control and hybrid populations and allowed them to evolve naturally in a field evolutionary experiment. In a final common-garden, we measured fitness and a suite of key traits for these lineages. We show that hybrid fitness evolved in just seven generations, with fitness of the hybrid lines exceeding that of the controls by 14% and 51% by the end of the experiment, though only the latter represents a significant increase. More traits evolved significantly in hybrids relative to controls, and hybrid evolution was faster for most traits. Some traits in both hybrid and control lineages evolved in an adaptive manner consistent with the direction of phenotypic selection. These findings show a causal pathway from hybridization to rapid adaptation and suggest an explanation for the frequently noted association between hybridization and adaptive radiation, range expansion, and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Mitchell
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States
| | - Gregory L Owens
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States.,Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stephen M Hovick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kenneth D Whitney
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States.
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15
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Brennan AC, Hiscock SJ, Abbott RJ. Completing the hybridization triangle: the inheritance of genetic incompatibilities during homoploid hybrid speciation in ragworts ( Senecio). AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:ply078. [PMID: 30740200 PMCID: PMC6360072 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new homoploid hybrid lineage needs to establish a degree of reproductive isolation from its parent species if it is to persist as an independent entity, but the role hybridization plays in this process is known in only a handful of cases. The homoploid hybrid ragwort species, Senecio squalidus (Oxford ragwort), originated following the introduction of hybrid plants to the UK approximately 320 years ago. The source of the hybrid plants was from a naturally occurring hybrid zone between S. aethnensis and S. chrysanthemifolius on Mount Etna, Sicily. Previous studies of the parent species found evidence for multiple incompatibility loci causing transmission ratio distortion of genetic markers in their hybrid progeny. This study closes the hybridization triangle by reporting a genetic mapping analysis of the remaining two paired cross combinations between S. squalidus and its parents. Genetic maps produced from F2 mapping families were generally collinear but with half of the linkage groups showing evidence of genomic reorganization between genetic maps. The new maps produced from crosses between S. squalidus and each parent showed multiple incompatibility loci distributed across the genome, some of which co-locate with previously reported incompatibility loci between the parents. These findings suggest that this young homoploid hybrid species has inherited a unique combination of genomic rearrangements and incompatibilities from its parents that contribute to its reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Brennan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, UK
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Simon J Hiscock
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Abbott
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
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16
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Klonner G, Dullinger I, Wessely J, Bossdorf O, Carboni M, Dawson W, Essl F, Gattringer A, Haeuser E, van Kleunen M, Kreft H, Moser D, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Thuiller W, Weigelt P, Winter M, Dullinger S. Will climate change increase hybridization risk between potential plant invaders and their congeners in Europe? DIVERS DISTRIB 2017; 23:934-943. [PMID: 28781572 PMCID: PMC5518762 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Interspecific hybridization can promote invasiveness of alien species. In many regions of the world, public and domestic gardens contain a huge pool of non-native plants. Climate change may relax constraints on their naturalization and hence facilitate hybridization with related species in the resident flora. Here, we evaluate this possible increase in hybridization risk by predicting changes in the overlap of climatically suitable ranges between a set of garden plants and their congeners in the resident flora. LOCATION Europe. METHODS From the pool of alien garden plants, we selected those which (1) are not naturalized in Europe, but established outside their native range elsewhere in the world; (2) belong to a genus where interspecific hybridization has been previously reported; and (3) have congeners in the native and naturalized flora of Europe. For the resulting set of 34 alien ornamentals as well as for 173 of their European congeners, we fitted species distribution models and projected suitable ranges under the current climate and three future climate scenarios. Changes in range overlap between garden plants and congeners were then assessed by means of the true skill statistic. RESULTS Projections suggest that under a warming climate, suitable ranges of garden plants will increase, on average, while those of their congeners will remain constant or shrink, at least under the more severe climate scenarios. The mean overlap in ranges among congeners of the two groups will decrease. Variation among genera is pronounced; however, and for some congeners, range overlap is predicted to increase significantly. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Averaged across all modelled species, our results do not indicate that hybrids between potential future invaders and resident species will emerge more frequently in Europe when climate warms. These average trends do not preclude, however, that hybridization risk may considerably increase in particular genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Klonner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Iwona Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Social EcologyFaculty for Interdisciplinary StudiesAlps Adria UniversityViennaAustria
| | - Johannes Wessely
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Evolution & EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Marta Carboni
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRSUniversity of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biology, EcologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Gattringer
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Emily Haeuser
- Department of Biology, EcologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, EcologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of EcologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRSUniversity of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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17
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Giménez MD, Förster DW, Jones EP, Jóhannesdóttir F, Gabriel SI, Panithanarak T, Scascitelli M, Merico V, Garagna S, Searle JB, Hauffe HC. A Half-Century of Studies on a Chromosomal Hybrid Zone of the House Mouse. J Hered 2016; 108:25-35. [PMID: 27729448 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The first natural chromosomal variation in the house mouse was described nearly 50 years ago in Val Poschiavo on the Swiss side of the Swiss-Italian border in the Central Eastern Alps. Studies have extended into neighboring Valtellina, and the house mice of the Poschiavo-Valtellina area have been subject to detailed analysis, reviewed here. The maximum extent of this area is 70 km, yet it has 4 metacentric races and the standard 40-chromosome telocentric race distributed in a patchwork fashion. The metacentric races are characterized by highly reduced diploid numbers (2n = 22-26) resulting from Robertsonian fusions, perhaps modified by whole-arm reciprocal translocations. The races hybridize and the whole Poschiavo-Valtellina area can be considered a "hybrid zone." The studies of this area have provided insights into origin of races within hybrid zones, gene flow within hybrid zones and the possibility of speciation in hybrid zones. This provides a case study of how chromosomal rearrangements may impact the genetic structure of populations and their diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel D Giménez
- From the Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK (Giménez, Förster, Jones, Jóhannesdóttir, Gabriel, Panithanarak, Scascitelli, Searle, and Hauffe); Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina (Giménez); Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (Förster); Fera Science, York, UK (Jones); Department of Ecology and Evolution, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 (Jóhannesdóttir and Searle); CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Gabriel); Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand (Panithanarak); Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Merico and Garagna); and Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Hauffe)
| | - Daniel W Förster
- From the Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK (Giménez, Förster, Jones, Jóhannesdóttir, Gabriel, Panithanarak, Scascitelli, Searle, and Hauffe); Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina (Giménez); Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (Förster); Fera Science, York, UK (Jones); Department of Ecology and Evolution, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 (Jóhannesdóttir and Searle); CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Gabriel); Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand (Panithanarak); Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Merico and Garagna); and Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Hauffe)
| | - Eleanor P Jones
- From the Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK (Giménez, Förster, Jones, Jóhannesdóttir, Gabriel, Panithanarak, Scascitelli, Searle, and Hauffe); Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina (Giménez); Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (Förster); Fera Science, York, UK (Jones); Department of Ecology and Evolution, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 (Jóhannesdóttir and Searle); CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Gabriel); Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand (Panithanarak); Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Merico and Garagna); and Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Hauffe)
| | - Fríða Jóhannesdóttir
- From the Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK (Giménez, Förster, Jones, Jóhannesdóttir, Gabriel, Panithanarak, Scascitelli, Searle, and Hauffe); Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina (Giménez); Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (Förster); Fera Science, York, UK (Jones); Department of Ecology and Evolution, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 (Jóhannesdóttir and Searle); CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Gabriel); Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand (Panithanarak); Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Merico and Garagna); and Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Hauffe)
| | - Sofia I Gabriel
- From the Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK (Giménez, Förster, Jones, Jóhannesdóttir, Gabriel, Panithanarak, Scascitelli, Searle, and Hauffe); Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina (Giménez); Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (Förster); Fera Science, York, UK (Jones); Department of Ecology and Evolution, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 (Jóhannesdóttir and Searle); CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Gabriel); Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand (Panithanarak); Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Merico and Garagna); and Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Hauffe)
| | - Thadsin Panithanarak
- From the Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK (Giménez, Förster, Jones, Jóhannesdóttir, Gabriel, Panithanarak, Scascitelli, Searle, and Hauffe); Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina (Giménez); Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (Förster); Fera Science, York, UK (Jones); Department of Ecology and Evolution, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 (Jóhannesdóttir and Searle); CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Gabriel); Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand (Panithanarak); Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Merico and Garagna); and Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Hauffe)
| | - Moira Scascitelli
- From the Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK (Giménez, Förster, Jones, Jóhannesdóttir, Gabriel, Panithanarak, Scascitelli, Searle, and Hauffe); Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina (Giménez); Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (Förster); Fera Science, York, UK (Jones); Department of Ecology and Evolution, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 (Jóhannesdóttir and Searle); CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Gabriel); Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand (Panithanarak); Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Merico and Garagna); and Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Hauffe)
| | - Valeria Merico
- From the Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK (Giménez, Förster, Jones, Jóhannesdóttir, Gabriel, Panithanarak, Scascitelli, Searle, and Hauffe); Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina (Giménez); Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (Förster); Fera Science, York, UK (Jones); Department of Ecology and Evolution, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 (Jóhannesdóttir and Searle); CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Gabriel); Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand (Panithanarak); Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Merico and Garagna); and Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Hauffe)
| | - Silvia Garagna
- From the Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK (Giménez, Förster, Jones, Jóhannesdóttir, Gabriel, Panithanarak, Scascitelli, Searle, and Hauffe); Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina (Giménez); Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (Förster); Fera Science, York, UK (Jones); Department of Ecology and Evolution, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 (Jóhannesdóttir and Searle); CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Gabriel); Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand (Panithanarak); Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Merico and Garagna); and Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Hauffe)
| | - Jeremy B Searle
- From the Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK (Giménez, Förster, Jones, Jóhannesdóttir, Gabriel, Panithanarak, Scascitelli, Searle, and Hauffe); Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina (Giménez); Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (Förster); Fera Science, York, UK (Jones); Department of Ecology and Evolution, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 (Jóhannesdóttir and Searle); CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Gabriel); Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand (Panithanarak); Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Merico and Garagna); and Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Hauffe)
| | - Heidi C Hauffe
- From the Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK (Giménez, Förster, Jones, Jóhannesdóttir, Gabriel, Panithanarak, Scascitelli, Searle, and Hauffe); Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina (Giménez); Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (Förster); Fera Science, York, UK (Jones); Department of Ecology and Evolution, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 (Jóhannesdóttir and Searle); CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (Gabriel); Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand (Panithanarak); Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Merico and Garagna); and Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Hauffe)
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18
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Boutte J, Ferreira de Carvalho J, Rousseau-Gueutin M, Poulain J, Da Silva C, Wincker P, Ainouche M, Salmon A. Reference Transcriptomes and Detection of Duplicated Copies in Hexaploid and Allododecaploid Spartina Species (Poaceae). Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:3030-3044. [PMID: 27614235 PMCID: PMC5633685 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the assembly and annotation of five reference transcriptomes for the European hexaploid Spartina species (S. maritima, S. alterniflora and their homoploid hybrids S. x townsendii and S. x neyrautii) and the allododecaploid invasive species S. anglica These transcriptomes were constructed from various leaf and root cDNA libraries that were sequenced using both Roche-454 and Illumina technologies. Considering the high ploidy levels of the Spartina genomes under study, and considering the absence of diploid reference genome and the need of an appropriate analytical strategy, we developed generic bioinformatics tools to (1) detect different haplotypes of each gene within each species and (2) assign a parental origin to haplotypes detected in the hexaploid hybrids and the neo-allopolyploid. The approach described here allows the detection of putative homeologs from sets of short reads. Synonymous substitution rate (KS) comparisons between haplotypes from the hexaploid species revealed the presence of one KS peak (likely resulting from the tetraploid duplication event). The procedure developed in this study can be applied for future differential gene expression or genomics experiments to study the fate of duplicated genes in the invasive allododecaploid S. anglica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Boutte
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), University of Rennes 1, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Julie Ferreira de Carvalho
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), University of Rennes 1, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), University of Rennes 1, Rennes Cedex, France UMR Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Malika Ainouche
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), University of Rennes 1, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Armel Salmon
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), University of Rennes 1, Rennes Cedex, France
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Vallejo-Marín M, Hiscock SJ. Hybridization and hybrid speciation under global change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:1170-87. [PMID: 27214560 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Contents 1170 I. 1170 II. 1172 III. 1175 IV. 1180 V. 1183 1184 References 1184 SUMMARY: An unintended consequence of global change is an increase in opportunities for hybridization among previously isolated lineages. Here we illustrate how global change can facilitate the breakdown of reproductive barriers and the formation of hybrids, drawing on the flora of the British Isles for insight. Although global change may ameliorate some of the barriers preventing hybrid establishment, for example by providing new ecological niches for hybrids, it will have limited effects on environment-independent post-zygotic barriers. For example, genic incompatibilities and differences in chromosome numbers and structure within hybrid genomes are unlikely to be affected by global change. We thus speculate that global change will have a larger effect on eroding pre-zygotic barriers (eco-geographical isolation and phenology) than post-zygotic barriers, shifting the relative importance of these two classes of reproductive barriers from what is usually seen in naturally produced hybrids where pre-zygotic barriers are the largest contributors to reproductive isolation. Although the long-term fate of neo-hybrids is still to be determined, the massive impact of global change on the dynamics and distribution of biodiversity generates an unprecedented opportunity to study large numbers of unpredicted, and often replicated, hybridization 'experiments', allowing us to peer into the birth and death of evolutionary lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vallejo-Marín
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Simon J Hiscock
- University of Oxford Botanic Garden, Rose Lane, Oxford, OX1 4AZ, UK
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Mayonde SG, Cron GV, Gaskin JF, Byrne MJ. Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) hybrids: the dominant invasive genotype in southern Africa. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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21
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Thomas CD. Rapid acceleration of plant speciation during the Anthropocene. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:448-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Wu CA, Murray LA, Heffernan KE. Evidence for natural hybridization between native and introduced lineages of Phragmites australis in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2015; 102:805-12. [PMID: 26022492 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The introduction of nonnative taxa into areas occupied by conspecifics can lead to local extinction of native taxa via habitat modification and competitive dominance, and be exacerbated by outbreeding depression or the formation of invasive hybrid lineages following intraspecific gene flow. The expansion of Eurasian Phragmites australis into tidal wetlands of North America has been accompanied by a dramatic decline of native P. australis, with few relic populations remaining along the Atlantic coastline of the United States, particularly in the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay. METHODS We sampled populations from the York River and its two major tributaries to determine the pattern of Phragmites invasion and identify remnant native populations that warrant conservation. We used chloroplast DNA haplotypes and nuclear DNA microsatellite profiles to classify individuals as belonging to the native or introduced lineage. KEY RESULTS Although native Phragmites stands were identified in the brackish upstream reaches of the two York River tributaries, the majority of Phragmites stands surveyed contained the introduced lineage. We also identified a single putative hybrid plant, based on its microsatellite profile. This plant possessed the native cpDNA haplotype and was located in an otherwise native Phragmites stand that is adjacent to an isolated patch of introduced Phragmites. CONCLUSIONS Although evidence of field hybridization between native and introduced lineages of Phragmites in North America is still relatively rare, the continued encroachment of the introduced lineage into native wetlands may increase the likelihood of future hybrid formation. Careful genetic monitoring to identify remnant native and potential hybrid Phragmites is essential for prioritizing ongoing management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A Wu
- Department of Biology, 28 Westhampton Way, University of Richmond, Virginia 23173 USA
| | - Laura A Murray
- Department of Biology, 28 Westhampton Way, University of Richmond, Virginia 23173 USA
| | - Kevin E Heffernan
- Division of Natural Heritage, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, 600 East Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219 USA
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Ahrens CW, James EA. Range-wide genetic analysis reveals limited structure and suggests asexual patterns in the rare forbSenecio macrocarpus. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Collin W. Ahrens
- Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne; Birdwood Ave South Yarra Vic. 3141 Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. James
- Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne; Birdwood Ave South Yarra Vic. 3141 Australia
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Crawford DJ, Doyle JJ, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Wendel JF. Contemporary and future studies in plant speciation, morphological/floral evolution and polyploidy: honouring the scientific contributions of Leslie D. Gottlieb to plant evolutionary biology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130341. [PMID: 24958916 PMCID: PMC4071516 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Crawford
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Doyle
- L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 17 32611, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 17 32611, USA
| | - Jonathan F Wendel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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25
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Abbott RJ, Brennan AC. Altitudinal gradients, plant hybrid zones and evolutionary novelty. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130346. [PMID: 24958920 PMCID: PMC4071520 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Altitudinal gradients are characterized by steep changes of the physical and biotic environment that present challenges to plant adaptation throughout large parts of the world. Hybrid zones may form where related species inhabit different neighbouring altitudes and can facilitate interspecific gene flow and potentially the breakdown of species barriers. Studies of such hybrid zones can reveal much about the genetic basis of adaptation to environmental differences stemming from changes in altitude and the maintenance of species divergence in the face of gene flow. Furthermore, owing to recombination and transgressive effects, such hybrid zones can be sources of evolutionary novelty. We document plant hybrid zones associated with altitudinal gradients and emphasize similarities and differences in their structure. We then focus on recent studies of a hybrid zone between two Senecio species that occur at high and low altitude on Mount Etna, Sicily, showing how adaptation to local environments and intrinsic selection against hybrids act to maintain it. Finally, we consider the potential of altitudinal hybrid zones for generating evolutionary novelty through adaptive introgression and hybrid speciation. Examples of homoploid hybrid species of Senecio and Pinus that originated from altitudinal hybrid zones are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Abbott
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Adrian C Brennan
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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26
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Lenda M, Skórka P, Knops JMH, Moroń D, Sutherland WJ, Kuszewska K, Woyciechowski M. Effect of the internet commerce on dispersal modes of invasive alien species. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99786. [PMID: 24932498 PMCID: PMC4059692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of invasive alien plants has considerable environmental and economic consequences, and is one of the most challenging ecological problems. The spread of invasive alien plant species depends largely on long-distance dispersal, which is typically linked with human activity. The increasing domination of the internet will have impacts upon almost all components of our lives, including potential consequences for the spread of invasive species. To determine whether the rise of Internet commerce has any consequences for the spread of invasive alien plant species, we studied the sale of thirteen of some of the most harmful Europe invasive alien plant species sold as decorative plants from twenty-eight large, well known gardening shops in Poland that sold both via the Internet and through traditional customer sales. We also analyzed temporal changes in the number of invasive plants sold in the largest Polish internet auction portal. When sold through the Internet invasive alien plant species were transported considerably longer distances than for traditional sales. For internet sales, seeds of invasive alien plant species were transported further than were live plants saplings; this was not the case for traditional sales. Also, with e-commerce the shape of distance distribution were flattened with low skewness comparing with traditional sale where the distributions were peaked and right-skewed. Thus, e-commerce created novel modes of long-distance dispersal, while traditional sale resembled more natural dispersal modes. Moreover, analysis of sale in the biggest Polish internet auction portal showed that the number of alien specimens sold via the internet has increased markedly over recent years. Therefore internet commerce is likely to increase the rate at which ecological communities become homogenized and increase spread of invasive species by increasing the rate of long distance dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Lenda
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Johannes M. H. Knops
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Dawid Moroń
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - William J. Sutherland
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karolina Kuszewska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Interspecific crossing and genetic mapping reveal intrinsic genomic incompatibility between two Senecio species that form a hybrid zone on Mount Etna, Sicily. Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 113:195-204. [PMID: 24595365 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of hybridizing species can reveal much about the genetic basis and maintenance of species divergence in the face of gene flow. Here we report a genetic segregation and linkage analysis conducted on F2 progeny of a reciprocal cross between Senecio aethnensis and S. chrysanthemifolius that form a hybrid zone on Mount Etna, Sicily, aimed at determining the genetic basis of intrinsic hybrid barriers between them. Significant transmission ratio distortion (TRD) was detected at 34 (∼27%) of 127 marker loci located in nine distinct clusters across seven of the ten linkage groups detected, indicating genomic incompatibility between the species. TRD at these loci could not be attributed entirely to post-zygotic selective loss of F2 individuals that failed to germinate or flower (16.7%). At four loci tests indicated that pre-zygotic events, such as meiotic drive in F1 parents or gametophytic selection, contributed to TRD. Additional tests revealed that cytonuclear incompatibility contributed to TRD at five loci, Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller (BDM) incompatibilities involving epistatic interactions between loci contributed to TRD at four loci, and underdominance (heterozygote disadvantage) was a possible cause of TRD at one locus. Major chromosomal rearrangements were probably not a cause of interspecific incompatibility at the scale that could be examined with current map marker density. Intrinsic genomic incompatibility between S. aethnensis and S. chrysanthemifolius revealed by TRD across multiple genomic regions in early-generation hybrids is likely to impact the genetic structure of the natural hybrid zone on Mount Etna by limiting introgression and promoting divergence across the genome.
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Pierson JC, Swain SM, Young AG. Incest versus abstinence: reproductive trade-offs between mate limitation and progeny fitness in a self-incompatible invasive plant. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:5066-75. [PMID: 24455137 PMCID: PMC3892369 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant mating systems represent an evolutionary and ecological trade-off between reproductive assurance through selfing and maximizing progeny fitness through outbreeding. However, many plants with sporophytic self-incompatibility systems exhibit dominance interactions at the S-locus that allow biparental inbreeding, thereby facilitating mating between individuals that share alleles at the S-locus. We investigated this trade-off by estimating mate availability and biparental inbreeding depression in wild radish from five different populations across Australia. We found dominance interactions among S-alleles increased mate availability relative to estimates based on individuals that did not share S-alleles. Twelve of the sixteen fitness variables were significantly reduced by inbreeding. For all the three life-history phases evaluated, self-fertilized offspring suffered a greater than 50% reduction in fitness, while full-sib and half-sib offspring suffered a less than 50% reduction in fitness. Theory indicates that fitness costs greater than 50% can result in an evolutionary trajectory toward a stable state of self-incompatibility (SI). This study suggests that dominance interactions at the S-locus provide a possible third stable state between SI and SC where biparental inbreeding increases mate availability with relatively minor fitness costs. This strategy allows weeds to establish in new environments while maintaining a functional SI system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen M Swain
- CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Andrew G Young
- CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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29
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Hegarty M, Coate J, Sherman-Broyles S, Abbott R, Hiscock S, Doyle J. Lessons from natural and artificial polyploids in higher plants. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 140:204-25. [PMID: 23816545 DOI: 10.1159/000353361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy in higher plants is a major source of genetic novelty upon which selection may act to drive evolution, as evidenced by the widespread success of polyploid species in the wild. However, research into the effects of polyploidy can be confounded by the entanglement of several processes: genome duplication, hybridisation (allopolyploidy is frequent in plants) and subsequent evolution. The discovery of the chemical agent colchicine, which can be used to produce artificial polyploids on demand, has enabled scientists to unravel these threads and understand the complex genomic changes involved in each. We present here an overview of lessons learnt from studies of natural and artificial polyploids, and from comparisons between the 2, covering basic cellular and metabolic consequences through to alterations in epigenetic gene regulation, together with 2 in-depth case studies in Senecio and Glycine. See also the sister article focusing on animals by Arai and Fujimoto in this themed issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hegarty
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK. ayh @ aber.ac.uk
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30
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Genetic exchange between two freshwater apple snails, Pomacea canaliculata and Pomacea maculata invading East and Southeast Asia. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Brennan AC, Harris SA, Hiscock SJ. The population genetics of sporophytic self-incompatibility in three hybridizing senecio (asteraceae) species with contrasting population histories. Evolution 2013; 67:1347-67. [PMID: 23617913 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization generates evolutionary novelty and spreads adaptive variation. By promoting outcrossing, plant self-incompatibility (SI) systems also favor interspecific hybridization because the S locus is under strong negative frequency-dependent balancing selection. This study investigates the SI mating systems of three hybridizing Senecio species with contrasting population histories. Senecio aethnensis and S. chrysanthemifolius native to Sicily, form a hybrid zone at intermediate altitudes on Mount Etna, and their neo-homoploid hybrid species, S. squalidus, has colonized disturbed urban habitats in the UK during the last 150 years. We show that all three species express sporophytic SI (SSI), where pollen incompatibility is controlled by the diploid parental genome, and that SSI is inherited and functions normally in hybrids. Large-scale crossing studies of wild sampled populations allowed direct comparison of SSI between species and found that the main impacts of colonization in S. squalidus compared to Sicilian Senecio was a reduced number of S alleles, increased S allele frequencies, and increased interpopulation S allele sharing. In general, many S alleles were shared between species and the S locus showed reduced intra- and interspecific population genetic structure compared to molecular genetic markers, indicative of enhanced effective gene flow due to balancing selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Brennan
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Abstract
Hybridisation among taxa with different ploidy levels is often associated with hybrid sterility. Clonal reproduction can stabilise these hybrids, but pervasive clonality may have a profound impact on the distribution of genetic diversity in natural populations. Here we investigate a widespread triploid taxon resulting from hybridisation between diploid Mimulus guttatus and tetraploid Mimulus luteus, two species that were introduced into the United Kingdom (UK) in the nineteenth century. This hybrid, Mimulus x robertsii, is largely sterile but capable of prolific vegetative propagation and has been recorded in the wild since 1872. We surveyed 40 Mimulus populations from localities across the UK to examine the current incidence of hybrids, and selected seventeen populations for genetic analysis using codominant markers. Cluster analyses revealed two main groups of genetically distinct individuals, corresponding to either diploid (M. guttatus) or polyploid (M. luteus and M. x robertsii) samples. Triploid hybrids were found in around 50% of sampled sites, sometimes coexisting with one of the parental species (M. guttatus). The other parent, M. luteus, was restricted to a single locality. Individual populations of M. x robertsii were genetically variable, containing multiple, highly heterozygous clones, with the majority of genetic variation distributed among- rather than within populations. Our findings demonstrate that this largely sterile, clonal taxon can preserve non-negligible amounts of genetic variation. The presence of genetically variable hybrid populations may provide the material for the continued success of asexual taxa in diverse environments.
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PELSER PIETERB, ABBOTT RICHARDJ, COMES HANSP, MILTON JOSEPHJ, MÖLLER MICHAEL, LOOSELEY MARKE, CRON GLYNISV, BARCELONA JULIEF, KENNEDY AARONH, WATSON LINDAE, BARONE RUBÉN, HERNÁNDEZ FABIÁN, KADEREIT JOACHIMW. The genetic ghost of an invasion past: colonization and extinction revealed by historical hybridization inSenecio. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:369-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Cheng D, Kirk H, Mulder PPJ, Vrieling K, Klinkhamer PGL. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid variation in shoots and roots of segregating hybrids between Jacobaea vulgaris and Jacobaea aquatica. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:1010-1023. [PMID: 21819407 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization can lead to novel qualitative or quantitative variation of secondary metabolite (SM) expression that can have ecological and evolutionary consequences. We measured pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) expression in the shoots and roots of a family including one Jacobaea vulgaris genotype and one Jacobaea aquatica genotype (parental genotypes), two F(1) hybrid genotypes, and 102 F(2) hybrid genotypes using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We detected 37 PAs in the roots and shoots of J. vulgaris, J. aquatica and the hybrids. PA concentrations and compositions differed between genotypes, and between roots and shoots. Three otosenine-like PAs that only occurred in the shoots of parental genotypes were present in the roots of F(2) hybrids; PA compositions were sometimes novel in F(2) hybrids compared with parental genotypes, and in some cases transgressive PA expression occurred. We also found that PAs from within structural groups covaried both in the roots and in the shoots, and that PA expression was correlated between shoots and roots. Considerable and novel variation present among F(2) hybrids indicates that hybridization has a potential role in the evolution of PA diversity in the genus Jacobaea, and this hybrid system is useful for studying the genetic control of PA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Cheng
- Plant Ecology & Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Lumo Road 388, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Kirk
- Plant Ecology & Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9J 7B8
| | - Patrick P J Mulder
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas Vrieling
- Plant Ecology & Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter G L Klinkhamer
- Plant Ecology & Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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VALTUEÑA FRANCISCOJ, PRESTON CHRISD, KADEREIT JOACHIMW. Evolutionary significance of the invasion of introduced populations into the native range of Meconopsis cambrica. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:4318-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Allen AM, Thorogood CJ, Hegarty MJ, Lexer C, Hiscock SJ. Pollen-pistil interactions and self-incompatibility in the Asteraceae: new insights from studies of Senecio squalidus (Oxford ragwort). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 108:687-98. [PMID: 21752792 PMCID: PMC3170154 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollen-pistil interactions are an essential prelude to fertilization in angiosperms and determine compatibility/incompatibility. Pollen-pistil interactions have been studied at a molecular and cellular level in relatively few families. Self-incompatibility (SI) is the best understood pollen-pistil interaction at a molecular level where three different molecular mechanisms have been identified in just five families. Here we review studies of pollen-pistil interactions and SI in the Asteraceae, an important family that has been relatively understudied in these areas of reproductive biology. SCOPE We begin by describing the historical literature which first identified sporophytic SI (SSI) in species of Asteraceae, the SI system later identified and characterized at a molecular level in the Brassicaceae. Early structural and cytological studies in these two families suggested that pollen-pistil interactions and SSI were similar, if not the same. Recent cellular and molecular studies in Senecio squalidus (Oxford ragwort) have challenged this belief by revealing that despite sharing the same genetic system of SSI, the Brassicaceae and Asteraceae molecular mechanisms are different. Key cellular differences have also been highlighted in pollen-stigma interactions, which may arise as a consequence of the Asteraceae possessing a 'semi-dry' stigma, rather than the 'dry' stigma typical of the Brassicaceae. The review concludes with a summary of recent transcriptomic analyses aimed at identifying proteins regulating pollen-pistil interactions and SI in S. squalidus, and by implication the Asteraceae. The Senecio pistil transcriptome contains many novel pistil-specific genes, but also pistil-specific genes previously shown to play a role in pollen-pistil interactions in other species. CONCLUSIONS Studies in S. squalidus have shown that stigma structure and the molecular mechanism of SSI in the Asteraceae and Brassicaceae are different. The availability of a pool of pistil-specific genes for S. squalidus offers an opportunity to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of pollen-pistil interactions and SI in the Asteraceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
| | | | - Matthew J. Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Christian Lexer
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, Unit of Ecology & Evolution, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Simon J. Hiscock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
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Brennan AC, Barker D, Hiscock SJ, Abbott RJ. Molecular genetic and quantitative trait divergence associated with recent homoploid hybrid speciation: a study of Senecio squalidus (Asteraceae). Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 108:87-95. [PMID: 21829224 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization is increasingly seen as a trigger for rapid evolution and speciation. To quantify and qualify divergence associated with recent homoploid hybrid speciation, we compared quantitative trait (QT) and molecular genetic variation between the homoploid hybrid species Senecio squalidus and its parental species, S. aethnensis and S. chrysanthemifolius, and also their naturally occurring Sicilian hybrids. S. squalidus originated and became invasive in the United Kingdom following the introduction of hybrid plants from Mount Etna, Sicily, about 300 years ago. We recorded considerable molecular genetic differentiation between S. squalidus and its parents and their Sicilian hybrids in terms of both reduced genetic diversity and altered allele frequencies, potentially due to the genetic bottleneck associated with introduction to the United Kingdom. S. squalidus is also distinct from its parents and Sicilian hybrids for QTs, but less so than for molecular genetic markers. We suggest that this is due to resilience of polygenic QTs to changes in allele frequency or lack of selection for hybrid niche divergence in geographic isolation. While S. squalidus is intermediate or parental-like for most QTs, some trangressively distinct traits were observed, which might indicate emerging local adaptation in its invasive range. This study emphasizes the important contribution of founder events and geographic isolation to successful homoploid hybrid speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Brennan
- Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC, Seville, Spain.
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Cheng D, Vrieling K, Klinkhamer PGL. The effect of hybridization on secondary metabolites and herbivore resistance: implications for the evolution of chemical diversity in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2011; 10:107-117. [PMID: 21475395 PMCID: PMC3047678 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-010-9194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of secondary metabolites (SMs) has been poorly understood from both a mechanistic and a functional perspective. Hybridization is suggested to contribute to the evolution of diversity of SMs. In this paper we discuss the effects of hybridization on SMs and herbivore resistance by evaluating the literature and with special reference to our own research results from the hybrids between Jacobaea vulgaris (syn. Senecio jacobaea) and Jacobaea aquatica (syn. Senecio aquaticus). We also review the possible genetic mechanism which causes the variation of SMs and herbivore resistance in hybrids. Most SMs in hybrids are present in the parents as well. But hybrids may miss some parental SMs or have novel SMs. The concentration of parental SMs in hybrids generally is constrained by that in parental plants, but transgressive expression was present in some hybrids. Hybrids may be as susceptible (resistant) as the parents or more susceptible than the parents, but rarely more resistant than the parents. However, different hybrid classes (F1, F2, backcrossing and mixed genotypes) show different patterns in relation to herbivore resistance. The variation in SMs and herbivore resistance occurring in hybrids could be explained by complicated genetic mechanisms rather than a simple one-gene model. Most previous work in this field only reported mean trait values for hybrid classes and few studies focused on genotype differences within hybrid classes. Our study in Jacobaea hybrids showed transgressive segregation in most SMs and herbivore resistance. To summarize, our article shows that hybridization may increase the variation of SMs and affect herbivore resistance, which may partially explain the evolution of chemical diversity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Cheng
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry Section, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Ecology & Environmental Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Lumo Road 388, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Klaas Vrieling
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry Section, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry Section, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abbott RJ, Hegarty MJ, Hiscock SJ, Brennan AC. Homoploid hybrid speciation in action. TAXON 2010; 59:1375-1386. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1002/tax.595005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Abbott
- School of Biology; University of St Andrews; St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH U.K
| | - Matthew J. Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences; Aberystwyth University; Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3DA U.K
| | - Simon J. Hiscock
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol, Somerset BS8 1UG U.K
| | - Adrian C. Brennan
- School of Biology; University of St Andrews; St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH U.K
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Lepais O, Gerber S. Reproductive patterns shape introgression dynamics and species succession within the European white oak species complex. Evolution 2010; 65:156-70. [PMID: 20722727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive system of hybrids is an important factor shaping introgression dynamics within species complexes. We combined paternity and parentage analyses with previous species characterization by genetic assignment, to directly identify reproductive events that occurred within a stand comprising four European white oak species. Comparing species status of parent pairs provided a precise quantification of hybridization rate, backcrosses, and intraspecific matings in two life stages. The detailed mating system analysis revealed new findings on the dynamics of interspecific gene flow. First, hybrids acted successfully as both male and female during reproduction. They produced acorns and seedlings that were as viable as those sired by purebreds. Second, species maintenance could be due to a relatively low level of interspecific mating contrasting with a large proportion of intraspecific crosses and backcrosses. Despite a high proportion of hybrids and extensive interspecific gene flow, partial species integrity is maintained by genetically controlled pollen discrimination, ensuring preferential matings within purebreds and high parental species fidelity in hybrid reproduction, which impedes complete collapse into a continuous hybrid swarm. Finally, we showed that pollen from the different species had unequal contributions to reproduction suggesting that introgression processes could ultimately lead to extirpation or expansion of some species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lepais
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33612 Cestas, France.
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Abstract
Gene flow from diploid to polyploid species could have significant effects on the morphology and ecology of polyploids. The potential of such introgression for bringing about evolutionary change within polyploids has long been recognized, although there are few examples of the process in the wild. Here, we focus on introgression between the diploid species, Senecio squalidus, and the tetraploid, S. vulgaris, which resulted in the origin of a variant form of S. vulgaris that produces radiate rather than nonradiate flower heads. The radiate variant of S. vulgaris is more attractive to pollinators and has a higher outcrossing rate. We review recent work that has isolated and characterized two regulatory genes, RAY1 and RAY2, that control presence of ray florets in radiate flower heads, and which have been introgressed into S. vulgaris from S. squalidus in the recent past. We identify a copy of RAY2 in S. vulgaris (RAY2b) homeologous to the copy (RAY2a) previously isolated, thus providing further evidence that S. vulgaris is allotetraploid. We also show that the RAY2a-R allele, which is fixed in radiate S. vulgaris, occurs at intermediate frequency in S. squalidus. Thus, based on this result, it is not possible to distinguish whether radiate S. vulgaris originated once or multiple times following hybridization between nonradiate S. vulgaris and S. squalidus.
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Brennan AC, Bridle JR, Wang AL, Hiscock SJ, Abbott RJ. Adaptation and selection in the Senecio (Asteraceae) hybrid zone on Mount Etna, Sicily. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 183:702-717. [PMID: 19594693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid zone theory provides a powerful theoretical framework for measuring and testing gene flow and selection. The Senecio aethnensis and Senecio chrysanthemifolius hybrid zone on Mount Etna, Sicily, was investigated to identify phenotypic traits under divergent selection and to assess the contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic selection against hybrids to hybrid zone maintenance. Senecio samples from 14 sites across Mount Etna were analyzed for 24 quantitative traits classified into four groups (QTGs), six allozymes and seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci to describe patterns of variation throughout the hybrid zone. Narrower cline widths or shifts in cline centre position were observed for three QTGs relative to the molecular clines, indicating that these traits are likely to be under extrinsic environmental selection. Altitude was key to describing species distributions, but dispersal and intrinsic selection against hybrids explained patterns at smaller spatial scales. The hybrid zone was characterized by strong selection against hybrids, high dispersal rates, recent species contact and few loci differentiating QTGs based on indirect measures. These results support the hypothesis that extrinsic and intrinsic selection against hybrids maintains the hybrid zone and species distinctiveness despite gene flow between the two Senecio species on Mount Etna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Brennan
- Sir Harold Mitchell Building, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Jon R Bridle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
| | - Ai-Lan Wang
- Sir Harold Mitchell Building, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
- Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Simon J Hiscock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
| | - Richard J Abbott
- Sir Harold Mitchell Building, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
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Randle AM, Slyder JB, Kalisz S. Can differences in autonomous selfing ability explain differences in range size among sister-taxa pairs of Collinsia (Plantaginaceae)? An extension of Baker's Law. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 183:618-629. [PMID: 19659585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Species with greater selfing ability are predicted to be better adapted for colonizing new habitats (Baker's Law). Here, we tested an expansion of this hypothesis: that species proficient at autonomous selfing have larger range sizes than their less proficient sister taxa. We also tested competing hypotheses regarding seed production and niche breadth on range size. Floral traits affecting the proficiency of autonomous selfing were measured and seed production was calculated for six sister-taxa pairs in the clade Collinsia. We tested for the hypothesized effects of these variables on elevational distribution and range size. We found that species most proficient at selfing had significantly larger range sizes than their sister-taxa that were less proficient at selfing. Species proficient at autonomous selfing occupied a higher mean elevation than their sister taxa, but they did not differ in their total elevational range. Species with greater seed production did not have larger range sizes. Our results extend Baker's Law, suggesting that species proficient at autonomous selfing are better adapted to establish new populations and thus can more readily expand their range. Autonomous selfing ability may play a vital role in explaining variance in range size among other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- April M Randle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jacob B Slyder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Susan Kalisz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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