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Song T, Huang Y, Fang L, Li Y, Li J, Chang J. Non-native species in marine protected areas: Global distribution patterns. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:100453. [PMID: 39175512 PMCID: PMC11338962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) across various countries have contributed to safeguarding coastal and marine environments. Despite these efforts, marine non-native species (NNS) continue to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems, even within MPAs. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the inventories, distribution patterns, and effect factors of NNS within MPAs. Here we show a database containing over 15,000 occurrence records of 2714 marine NNS across 16,401 national or regional MPAs worldwide. To identify the primary mechanisms driving the occurrence of NNS, we utilize model selection with proxies representing colonization pressure, environmental variables, and MPA characteristics. Among the environmental predictors analyzed, sea surface temperature emerged as the sole factor strongly associated with NNS richness. Higher sea surface temperatures are linked to increased NNS richness, aligning with global marine biodiversity trends. Furthermore, human activities help species overcome geographical barriers and migration constraints. Consequently, this influences the distribution patterns of marine introduced species and associated environmental factors. As global climate change continues to alter sea temperatures, it is crucial to protect marine regions that are increasingly vulnerable to intense human activities and biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Junsheng Li
- Command Center for Comprehensive Survey of Natural Resources, China Geological Survey Bureau, Beijing, 100055, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Dimitriadis C, Marampouti C, Calò A, Di Franco A, Giakoumi S, Di Franco E, Di Lorenzo M, Gerovasileiou V, Guidetti P, Pey A, Sini M, Sourbès L. Evaluating the long term effectiveness of a Mediterranean marine protected area to tackle the effects of invasive and range expanding herbivorous fish on rocky reefs. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106293. [PMID: 38103302 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Here we provide evidence, along an 8-year period time-series based on multifaceted data from a Mediterranean marine protected area (MPA), whether protection can tackle invasive and range expanding herbivore fishes, and their effects on the algal resource availability, taking into account the population trends of predatory fishes, fisheries catches of herbivore fishes and sea surface temperature (SST) through time. Our findings pointed out that an ineffective in restoring top-down control process MPA may facilitate, rather than alleviate, the sudden and enduring population burst of invasive and range-expanding herbivorous fishes at tipping points of abrupt change. This subsequently results in the deterioration of rocky reef habitats and the depletion of algal resources, with the tipping points of abrupt change for algal and herbivore fish species not overlapping chronologically. As sea temperature increases, ineffective or recently established MPAs may inadvertently facilitate the proliferation of invasive and range-expanding species, posing a significant challenge to management effectiveness and conservation objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dimitriadis
- Management Unit of Zakynthos and Ainos National Parks and Protected Areas of the Ionian Islands, Natural Environment & Climate Change Agency (N.E.C.C.A.), El. Venizelou 1, 29100, Zakynthos, Greece.
| | - C Marampouti
- Management Unit of Zakynthos and Ainos National Parks and Protected Areas of the Ionian Islands, Natural Environment & Climate Change Agency (N.E.C.C.A.), El. Venizelou 1, 29100, Zakynthos, Greece
| | - A Calò
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 20-22, 90123, Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - A Di Franco
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn" sede interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo, 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Giakoumi
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn" sede interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo, 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Di Franco
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France
| | - M Di Lorenzo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 20-22, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - V Gerovasileiou
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment, Ionian University, Zakynthos, Greece; Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Thalassocosmos, Gournes, Crete, Greece
| | - P Guidetti
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), National Research Council, Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn-National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Genoa Marine Centre, 16126, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Pey
- Thalassa - Marine Research & Environmental Awareness, 17 Rue Gutenberg, 06000, Nice, France
| | - M Sini
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, 81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - L Sourbès
- Management Unit of Zakynthos and Ainos National Parks and Protected Areas of the Ionian Islands, Natural Environment & Climate Change Agency (N.E.C.C.A.), El. Venizelou 1, 29100, Zakynthos, Greece
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Tamburini M, Occhipinti-Ambrogi A, Lo Vullo M, Ferrario J. Biotic resistance of native fouling communities to bioinvasions could not be demonstrated by transplant experiments in Northern Italy. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:113961. [PMID: 35908488 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biotic resistance is considered an important driver in the establishment of non-indigenous species (NIS), but experiments in the marine environment have led to contradictory results. In this context, a transplant experiment of fouling communities was carried out over five months. Settlement panels were moved from low impact (species-rich native communities) to high impact sites by NIS in two Italian areas to test the biotic resistance hypothesis. Fouling communities displayed significant differences among treatments before and after the transplant, thus indicating the maintenance of a peculiar fouling community in transplanted panels. On the other hand, newly recruited species were similar between treatments and neither a facilitation nor a mitigation role from native fouling communities on NIS was observed. Our results highlight the importance to better investigate the factors affecting the high variability obtained in experiments testing this hypothesis, with the aim to identify potential solutions for NIS management in ports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tamburini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marcella Lo Vullo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jasmine Ferrario
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Ren J, Chen J, Xu C, van de Koppel J, Thomsen MS, Qiu S, Cheng F, Song W, Liu QX, Xu C, Bai J, Zhang Y, Cui B, Bertness MD, Silliman BR, Li B, He Q. An invasive species erodes the performance of coastal wetland protected areas. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi8943. [PMID: 34644105 PMCID: PMC8514088 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi8943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The world has increasingly relied on protected areas (PAs) to rescue highly valued ecosystems from human activities, but whether PAs will fare well with bioinvasions remains unknown. By analyzing three decades of seven of the largest coastal PAs in China, including World Natural Heritage and/or Wetlands of International Importance sites, we show that, although PAs are achieving success in rescuing iconic wetlands and critical shorebird habitats from once widespread reclamation, this success is counteracted by escalating plant invasions. Plant invasions were not only more extensive in PAs than non-PA controls but also undermined PA performance by, without human intervention, irreversibly replacing expansive native wetlands (primarily mudflats) and precluding successional formation of new native marshes. Exotic species are invading PAs globally. This study across large spatiotemporal scales highlights that the consequences of bioinvasions for humanity’s major conservation tool may be more profound, far reaching, and critical for management than currently recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Ren
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observation and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianshe Chen
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observation and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Changlin Xu
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observation and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, 4401 NT7 Yerseke, Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mads S. Thomsen
- Marine Ecology Research Group and Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Shiyun Qiu
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observation and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fangyan Cheng
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observation and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wanjuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration & Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junhong Bai
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Baoshan Cui
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mark D. Bertness
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Brian R. Silliman
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observation and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiang He
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observation and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
- Corresponding author.
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Alien Species Threat across Marine Protected Areas of Turkey—An Updated Inventory. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the first comprehensive assessment of alien species occurrences within the selected 11 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) located on the Aegean and Levantine coasts of Turkey. The inventory includes a total of 289 species belonging to 15 phyla, in which lowest and highest diversities were observed in Saros Bay MPA (27 species, northern Aegean Sea) and Fethiye-Göcek Bay MPA (150 species, northwest Levantine Sea), respectively. Alien species distributions that were revealed in protected areas located in the southern Aegean and Levantine Seas were 56.9% similar (based on presence vs. absence data), while northern Aegean sites formed another distinct group. According to the breakdown of major phyla through the entire study areas, Mollusca had the highest alien diversity (22.1% of alien species), followed by Actinopterygii (19.0%), Arthropoda (15.2%) and Annelida (13.5%). Casual aliens were represented by very low proportions in each MPA, proving that most species were already established in the region, with a significant proportion of invasive species. Regardless of the localities, the majority of the species originated from the Red Sea, whose primary pathway of introduction is the corridor, the Suez Canal. In the absence of effective management actions against bioinvasions, MPAs located along the Turkish coastline do not currently seem to provide any protection, revealing a large conservation gap to be filled.
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Laffoley D, Baxter J, Amon D, Claudet J, Hall‐Spencer J, Grorud‐Colvert K, Levin L, Reid P, Rogers A, Taylor M, Woodall L, Andersen N. Evolving the narrative for protecting a rapidly changing ocean, post-COVID-19. AQUATIC CONSERVATION : MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS 2021; 31:1512-1534. [PMID: 33362396 PMCID: PMC7753556 DOI: 10.1002/aqc.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The ocean is the linchpin supporting life on Earth, but it is in declining health due to an increasing footprint of human use and climate change. Despite notable successes in helping to protect the ocean, the scale of actions is simply not now meeting the overriding scale and nature of the ocean's problems that confront us.Moving into a post-COVID-19 world, new policy decisions will need to be made. Some, especially those developed prior to the pandemic, will require changes to their trajectories; others will emerge as a response to this global event. Reconnecting with nature, and specifically with the ocean, will take more than good intent and wishful thinking. Words, and how we express our connection to the ocean, clearly matter now more than ever before.The evolution of the ocean narrative, aimed at preserving and expanding options and opportunities for future generations and a healthier planet, is articulated around six themes: (1) all life is dependent on the ocean; (2) by harming the ocean, we harm ourselves; (3) by protecting the ocean, we protect ourselves; (4) humans, the ocean, biodiversity, and climate are inextricably linked; (5) ocean and climate action must be undertaken together; and (6) reversing ocean change needs action now.This narrative adopts a 'One Health' approach to protecting the ocean, addressing the whole Earth ocean system for better and more equitable social, cultural, economic, and environmental outcomes at its core. Speaking with one voice through a narrative that captures the latest science, concerns, and linkages to humanity is a precondition to action, by elevating humankind's understanding of our relationship with 'planet Ocean' and why it needs to become a central theme to everyone's lives. We have only one ocean, we must protect it, now. There is no 'Ocean B'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Laffoley
- IUCN World Commission on Protected AreasIUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature)GlandSwitzerland
| | - J.M. Baxter
- Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland, School of Biology, East SandsUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - D.J. Amon
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
| | - J. Claudet
- National Centre for Scientific ResearchPSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVDParisFrance
| | - J.M. Hall‐Spencer
- School of Marine and Biological SciencesUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUK
- Shimoda Marine Research CenterUniversity of TsukubaShimodaJapan
| | - K. Grorud‐Colvert
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisUSA
| | - L.A. Levin
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaUSA
| | - P.C. Reid
- School of Marine and Biological SciencesUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUK
- The LaboratoryThe Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey, Marine Biological AssociationCitadel HillPlymouthUK
| | - A.D. Rogers
- Somerville CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- REV OceanLysakerNorway
| | | | - L.C. Woodall
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - N.F. Andersen
- Department of Environment and GeographyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
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Long Term Interactions of Native and Invasive Species in a Marine Protected Area Suggest Complex Cascading Effects Challenging Conservation Outcomes. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions among invasive species, native species and marine protected areas (MPAs), and the long-term regime shifts in MPAs is receiving increased attention, since biological invasions can alter the structure and functioning of the protected ecosystems and challenge conservation efforts. Here we found evidence of marked modifications in the rocky reef associated biota in a Mediterranean MPA from 2009 to 2019 through visual census surveys, due to the presence of invasive species altering the structure of the ecosystem and triggering complex cascading effects on the long term. Low levels of the populations of native high-level predators were accompanied by the population increase and high performance of both native and invasive fish herbivores. Subsequently the overgrazing and habitat degradation resulted in cascading effects towards the diminishing of the native and invasive invertebrate grazers and omnivorous benthic species. Our study represents a good showcase of how invasive species can coexist or exclude native biota and at the same time regulate or out-compete other established invaders and native species.
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Giakoumi S, Pey A, Thiriet P, Francour P, Guidetti P. Patterns of predation on native and invasive alien fish in Mediterranean protected and unprotected areas. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 150:104792. [PMID: 31557709 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, the loss of predatory fish due to overexploitation has altered the structure of native communities and caused ecosystem shifts. Ecosystems deprived of high-level predators may be more vulnerable to invasive alien species as the latter are subject to reduced predation control. Marine protected areas (MPAs), and particularly no-take reserves where fishing is banned, can be effective tools for the restoration of predatory relationships within their boundaries. We explored whether the restoration of high-level predatory fish populations within Mediterranean MPAs can exert top-down control on alien fish. Fish tethering experiments, including native (Sardina pilchardus, Boops boops) and alien (Siganus rivulatus) dead specimens, were conducted to quantify predation within the no-take zones of three MPAs and in unprotected areas, and to assess potential differences in predation rates and prey type preferences. A subsample of experimental units was filmed to document predation events and related fish behaviour. More high-level predators interacted with the tethered fish inside the MPAs than in unprotected areas. Yet we did not find significant differences in the consumption of alien or native fishes between MPAs and unprotected areas. The native S. pilchardus was consumed more in comparison to the other tethered fishes, regardless of protection status and location. Interestingly, the alien S. rivulatus was consumed by native predators in the western Mediterranean locations where this alien fish is not established. Despite its limitations, our study provides evidence on the ability of some native predators to feed on and potentially control certain alien species without requiring 'adaptive' time-lag periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvaine Giakoumi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Parc Valrose, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Alexis Pey
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Parc Valrose, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France; THALASSA Marine research & Environmental awareness, 17 rue Gutenberg, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Thiriet
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7208 BOREA, Station Marine de Dinard - CRESCO, 38 Rue du Port Blanc, 35800, Dinard, France; Research Unit Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (UMR 7208 BOREA) Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, UCN, UA, CNRS, IRD - 43 Rue Cuvier, CP26, 75005, Paris, France; UMS 2006 Patrimoine Naturel - Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CRESCO, 38 Rue du Port Blanc, 35800, Dinard, France
| | - Patrice Francour
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Parc Valrose, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Paolo Guidetti
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Parc Valrose, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
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10
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Giakoumi S, Pey A, Di Franco A, Francour P, Kizilkaya Z, Arda Y, Raybaud V, Guidetti P. Exploring the relationships between marine protected areas and invasive fish in the world's most invaded sea. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01809. [PMID: 30325075 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are an essential tool for marine biodiversity conservation. Yet, their effectiveness in protecting marine ecosystems from global stressors is debated. Biological invasions are a major driver of global change, causing biodiversity loss and altering ecosystem functioning. Here, we explored the relationships between MPAs and alien/native range-expanding fishes in the Mediterranean Sea, the world's most invaded sea. We surveyed fish and benthic communities in nine MPAs and adjacent unprotected areas across six countries. In the South and Eastern Mediterranean MPAs, the biomass of alien and native range-expanding fishes often exceeded 50% of the total fish biomass. Conversely, in the North and Western Mediterranean, alien fishes were absent. A negative relationship was found between native and alien species richness. Average and minimum sea surface temperature (SST) over six consecutive years were positively correlated with the total biomass of alien species; no alien fishes were recorded below 20.5°C average SST and 13.8°C minimum SST. We also found a negative relationship between alien fishes' biomass and the distance from the Suez Canal, which is the main pathway for the introduction of alien fish in the Mediterranean Sea. The biomass of alien and native range-expanding fishes was found to be higher in the South and Eastern Mediterranean MPAs than in adjacent unprotected areas. The association of barrens (rocky reefs deprived of vegetation) and invasive herbivores was observed at all eastern sites, regardless of protection status. Currently, the level of fishing pressure exerted on alien and native range-expanding fishes seems to be the most influential factor determining the lower biomass of invasive fishes at unprotected sites compared to MPAs. Our findings suggest that complementary management actions, such as species-targeted removals, should be taken in MPAs to effectively control invasive fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvaine Giakoumi
- CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Université Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexis Pey
- CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Université Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Antonio Di Franco
- CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Université Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrice Francour
- CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Université Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Zafer Kizilkaya
- Mediterranean Conservation Society, Doga Park Villas No:16 Kalabak Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Virginie Raybaud
- CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Université Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Paolo Guidetti
- CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Université Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
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11
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Mannino AM, Balistreri P. Citizen science: a successful tool for monitoring invasive alien species (IAS) in Marine Protected Areas. The case study of the Egadi Islands MPA (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2018.1468280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Mannino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Section of Botany and Plant Ecology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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12
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Piazzi L, Gennaro P, Atzori F, Cadoni N, Cinti MF, Frau F, Ceccherelli G. ALEX index enables detection of alien macroalgae invasions across habitats within a marine protected area. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 128:318-323. [PMID: 29571378 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A modified version of the ALien Biotic IndEX (ALEX) has been recently proposed to evaluate biological invasions in macroalgal assemblages. ALEX was applied in a Marine Protected Area where a recreational-fishing port is present testing the following hypotheses: ALEX increases with the distance from the port, it changes between the two directions off the port and it changes among three different habitats: Cystoseira beds, algal turf and dead matte of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. A total of 78 native macroalgal taxa and 4 introduced species were found, the Chlorophyta Caulerpa cylindracea and the Rhodophyta Apoglossum gregarium, Acrothamnion preissii and Womersleyella setacea. All study sites were in high quality status highlighting that the assemblages investigated were at an early stage of NIS invasion. However, ALEX detected different values among conditions and habitats within the MPA, suggesting a local dynamics of NIS spread and different resistance to invasion of the investigated habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Piazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Università di Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - P Gennaro
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA ex ICRAM), Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - F Atzori
- Area Marina Protetta di Capo Carbonara-Villasimius, Via Roma 60, 09049, Villasimius (CA), Italy
| | - N Cadoni
- Area Marina Protetta di Capo Carbonara-Villasimius, Via Roma 60, 09049, Villasimius (CA), Italy
| | - M F Cinti
- Area Marina Protetta di Capo Carbonara-Villasimius, Via Roma 60, 09049, Villasimius (CA), Italy
| | - F Frau
- Area Marina Protetta di Capo Carbonara-Villasimius, Via Roma 60, 09049, Villasimius (CA), Italy
| | - G Ceccherelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Università di Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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13
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Wangensteen OS, Cebrian E, Palacín C, Turon X. Under the canopy: Community-wide effects of invasive algae in Marine Protected Areas revealed by metabarcoding. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:54-66. [PMID: 29475694 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We analysed with multigene (18S and COI) metabarcoding the effects of the proliferation of invasive seaweeds on rocky littoral communities in two Spanish Marine Protected Areas. The invasive algae studied were Caulerpa cylindracea, Lophocladia lallemandii and Asparagopsis armata. They are canopy-forming, landscape-dominant seaweeds, and we were interested in their effects on the underlying communities of meiobenthos and macrobenthos, separated in two size fractions through sieving. A new semiquantitative treatment of metabarcoding data is introduced. The results for both markers showed that the presence of the invasive seaweed had a significant effect on the understory communities for Lophocladia lallemandii and Asparagopsis armata but not for Caulerpa cylindracea. Likewise, changes in MOTU richness and diversity with invasion status varied in magnitude and direction depending on the alga considered. Our results showed that metabarcoding allows monitoring of the less conspicuous, but not least important, effects of the presence of dominant invasive seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen S Wangensteen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Emma Cebrian
- Aquatic Ecology Institute, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain
| | - Creu Palacín
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Turon
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes (Girona), Spain.
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14
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Caselle JE, Davis K, Marks LM. Marine management affects the invasion success of a non‐native species in a temperate reef system in California, USA. Ecol Lett 2017; 21:43-53. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Caselle
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA93106 USA
| | - Kathryn Davis
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA93106 USA
| | - Lindsay M. Marks
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA93106 USA
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15
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Gestoso I, Ramalhosa P, Oliveira P, Canning-Clode J. Marine protected communities against biological invasions: A case study from an offshore island. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 119:72-80. [PMID: 28341293 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions are a major threat to the world's biota and are considered a major cause of biodiversity loss. Therefore, world marine policy has recognized the need for more marine protected areas (MPAs) as a major tool for biodiversity conservation. The present work experimentally evaluated how protected communities from an offshore island can face the settlement and/or expansion of nonindigenous species (NIS). First, NIS colonization success in marine protected and marina communities was compared by deploying PVC settling plates at the Garajau MPA and Funchal marina (SW Madeira Island). Then, the settling plates from the MPA were transferred to Funchal marina to test their resistance to NIS invasion under high levels of NIS pressure. Results indicated that the structure and composition of fouling communities from the MPA differed from those collected in the marina. Interestingly, communities from the protected area showed lower NIS colonization success, suggesting some degree of biotic resistance against NIS invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gestoso
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Quinta do Lorde Marina, Sítio da Piedade, 9200-044 Caniçal, Madeira Island, Portugal.
| | - P Ramalhosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Quinta do Lorde Marina, Sítio da Piedade, 9200-044 Caniçal, Madeira Island, Portugal
| | - P Oliveira
- Parque Natural da Madeira, Quinta Bom Sucesso, Caminho do Meio, 9050 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - J Canning-Clode
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Quinta do Lorde Marina, Sítio da Piedade, 9200-044 Caniçal, Madeira Island, Portugal; Centre of IMAR of the University of the Azores, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 4, PT-9901-862 Horta, Azores, Portugal; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
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Giakoumi S, Guilhaumon F, Kark S, Terlizzi A, Claudet J, Felline S, Cerrano C, Coll M, Danovaro R, Fraschetti S, Koutsoubas D, Ledoux J, Mazor T, Mérigot B, Micheli F, Katsanevakis S. Space invaders; biological invasions in marine conservation planning. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvaine Giakoumi
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS Parc Valrose 28 Avenue Valrose Nice 06108 France
- The Biodiversity Research Group ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions and NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - François Guilhaumon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) MARBEC ‐ Biodiversité Marine et ses usages UMR 9190 University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Salit Kark
- The Biodiversity Research Group ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions and NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Antonio Terlizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali Università del Salento, CoNISMa Lecce 73100 Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Villa Comunale I Napoli Italy
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVD Perpignan France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL Perpignan France
| | - Serena Felline
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali Università del Salento, CoNISMa Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università Politecnica delle Marche, UO CoNISMa via Brecce Bianche I‐60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Marta Coll
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR MARBEC & LMI ICEMASA University of Cape Town Private Bag X3 Rondebosch Cape Town 7701 South Africa
- Institut de Ciències del Mar CSIC Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37‐49 Barcelona E‐08003 Spain
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Villa Comunale I Napoli Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università Politecnica delle Marche, UO CoNISMa via Brecce Bianche I‐60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali Università del Salento, CoNISMa Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Drosos Koutsoubas
- Department of Marine Sciences University of the Aegean University Hill Mytilene 81100 Greece
- National Marine Park of Zakynthos Zakynthos 29100 Greece
| | - Jean‐Batiste Ledoux
- Institut de Ciències del Mar CSIC Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37‐49 Barcelona E‐08003 Spain
- CIIMAR/CIMAR Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Tessa Mazor
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship EcoSciences Precinct 41 Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Bastien Mérigot
- UMR 9190 MARBEC University of Montpellier Station Ifremer Avenue Jean Monnet, BP 171 Sète Cedex 34203 France
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove CA 93950 USA
| | - Stelios Katsanevakis
- Department of Marine Sciences University of the Aegean University Hill Mytilene 81100 Greece
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17
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Ardura A, Juanes F, Planes S, Garcia-Vazquez E. Rate of biological invasions is lower in coastal marine protected areas. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33013. [PMID: 27609423 PMCID: PMC5016778 DOI: 10.1038/srep33013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide. Here we explore how Marine Protected areas, by reducing human use of the coast, confer resilience against the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS), using two very different Pacific islands as case studies for developing and testing mathematical models. We quantified NIS vectors and promoters on Vancouver (Canada) and Moorea (French Polynesia) islands, sampled and barcoded NIS, and tested models at different spatial scales with different types of interaction among vectors and between marine protection and NIS frequency. In our results NIS were negatively correlated with the dimension of the protected areas and the intensity of the protection. Small to medium geographical scale protection seemed to be efficient against NIS introductions. The likely benefit of MPAs was by exclusion of aquaculture, principally in Canada. These results emphasize the importance of marine protected areas for biodiversity conservation, and suggest that small or medium protected zones would confer efficient protection against NIS introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ardura
- Laboratoire d'Excellence «CORAIL», USR3278-CRIOBE-CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Université de Perpignan-CBETM, 58 rue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - F Juanes
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada
| | - S Planes
- Laboratoire d'Excellence «CORAIL», USR3278-CRIOBE-CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Université de Perpignan-CBETM, 58 rue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - E Garcia-Vazquez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo. C/ Julian Claveria s/n. 33006-Oviedo, Spain
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18
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Baskett ML, Barnett LA. The Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Marine Reserves. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Here we review the population, community, and evolutionary consequences of marine reserves. Responses at each level depend on the tendency of fisheries to target larger body sizes and the tendency for greater reserve protection with less movement within and across populations. The primary population response to reserves is survival to greater ages and sizes plus increases in the population size for harvested species, with greater response to reserves that are large relative to species' movement rates. The primary community response to reserves is an increase in total biomass and diversity, with the potential for trophic cascades and altered spatial patterning of metacommunities. The primary evolutionary response to reserves is increased genetic diversity, with the theoretical potential for protection against fisheries-induced evolution and selection for reduced movement. The potential for the combined outcome of these responses to buffer marine populations and communities against temporal environmental heterogeneity has preliminary theoretical and empirical support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Baskett
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270
| | - Lewis A.K. Barnett
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, under contract to Fisheries Resource Assessment and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington 98110
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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19
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Anderson LG, Rocliffe S, Haddaway NR, Dunn AM. The Role of Tourism and Recreation in the Spread of Non-Native Species: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140833. [PMID: 26485300 PMCID: PMC4618285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing the pathways by which non-native species are introduced and spread is considered the most effective way of preventing species invasions. Tourism and outdoor recreation involve the frequent congregation of people, vehicles and vessels from geographically diverse areas. They are therefore perceived to be major pathways for the movement of non-native species, and ones that will become increasingly important with the continued growth of these sectors. However, a global assessment of the relationship between tourism activities and the introduction of non-native species–particularly in freshwater and marine environments–is lacking. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the impact of tourism and outdoor recreation on non-native species in terrestrial, marine and freshwater environments. Our results provide quantitative evidence that the abundance and richness of non-native species are significantly higher in sites where tourist activities take place than in control sites. The pattern was consistent across terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments; across a variety of vectors (e.g. horses, hikers, yachts); and across a range of taxonomic groups. These results highlight the need for widespread biosecurity interventions to prevent the inadvertent introduction of invasive non-native species (INNS) as the tourism and outdoor recreation sectors grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy G. Anderson
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Steve Rocliffe
- Environment Department, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Neal R. Haddaway
- MISTRA EviEM, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alison M. Dunn
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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21
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Hiley JR, Bradbury RB, Thomas CD. Introduced and natural colonists show contrasting patterns of protected area association in UK wetlands. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Hiley
- Department of Biology; University of York; Wentworth Way York Yorkshire YO10 5DD UK
| | - Richard B. Bradbury
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; The Lodge; Sandy Bedfordshire SG19 2DL UK
| | - Chris D. Thomas
- Department of Biology; University of York; Wentworth Way York Yorkshire YO10 5DD UK
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22
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Guidetti P, Baiata P, Ballesteros E, Di Franco A, Hereu B, Macpherson E, Micheli F, Pais A, Panzalis P, Rosenberg AA, Zabala M, Sala E. Large-scale assessment of Mediterranean marine protected areas effects on fish assemblages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91841. [PMID: 24740479 PMCID: PMC3989174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) were acknowledged globally as effective tools to mitigate the threats to oceans caused by fishing. Several studies assessed the effectiveness of individual MPAs in protecting fish assemblages, but regional assessments of multiple MPAs are scarce. Moreover, empirical evidence on the role of MPAs in contrasting the propagation of non-indigenous-species (NIS) and thermophilic species (ThS) is missing. We simultaneously investigated here the role of MPAs in reversing the effects of overfishing and in limiting the spread of NIS and ThS. The Mediterranean Sea was selected as study area as it is a region where 1) MPAs are numerous, 2) fishing has affected species and ecosystems, and 3) the arrival of NIS and the northward expansion of ThS took place. Fish surveys were done in well-enforced no-take MPAs (HP), partially-protected MPAs (IP) and fished areas (F) at 30 locations across the Mediterranean. Significantly higher fish biomass was found in HP compared to IP MPAs and F. Along a recovery trajectory from F to HP MPAs, IP were similar to F, showing that just well enforced MPAs triggers an effective recovery. Within HP MPAs, trophic structure of fish assemblages resembled a top-heavy biomass pyramid. Although the functional structure of fish assemblages was consistent among HP MPAs, species driving the recovery in HP MPAs differed among locations: this suggests that the recovery trajectories in HP MPAs are likely to be functionally similar (i.e., represented by predictable changes in trophic groups, especially fish predators), but the specific composition of the resulting assemblages may depend on local conditions. Our study did not show any effect of MPAs on NIS and ThS. These results may help provide more robust expectations, at proper regional scale, about the effects of new MPAs that may be established in the Mediterranean Sea and other ecoregions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guidetti
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, EA 4228 ECOMERS, Nice, France
- CoNISMa, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Pasquale Baiata
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, EA 4228 ECOMERS, Nice, France
| | - Enric Ballesteros
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CEAB-CSIC, Accés Cala Sant Francesc, Blanes, Spain
| | - Antonio Di Franco
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, EA 4228 ECOMERS, Nice, France
- CoNISMa, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernat Hereu
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Macpherson
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CEAB-CSIC, Accés Cala Sant Francesc, Blanes, Spain
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Antonio Pais
- Laboratorio di Acquacoltura e Gestione delle Risorse Acquatiche, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Andrew A. Rosenberg
- Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mikel Zabala
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Sala
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CEAB-CSIC, Accés Cala Sant Francesc, Blanes, Spain
- National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C., United States of America
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Kelaher BP, Coleman MA, Broad A, Rees MJ, Jordan A, Davis AR. Changes in fish assemblages following the establishment of a network of no-take marine reserves and partially-protected areas. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85825. [PMID: 24454934 PMCID: PMC3893262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Networks of no-take marine reserves and partially-protected areas (with limited fishing) are being increasingly promoted as a means of conserving biodiversity. We examined changes in fish assemblages across a network of marine reserves and two different types of partially-protected areas within a marine park over the first 5 years of its establishment. We used Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) to quantify fish communities on rocky reefs at 20–40 m depth between 2008–2011. Each year, we sampled 12 sites in 6 no-take marine reserves and 12 sites in two types of partially-protected areas with contrasting levels of protection (n = 4 BRUV stations per site). Fish abundances were 38% greater across the network of marine reserves compared to the partially-protected areas, although not all individual reserves performed equally. Compliance actions were positively associated with marine reserve responses, while reserve size had no apparent relationship with reserve performance after 5 years. The richness and abundance of fishes did not consistently differ between the two types of partially-protected areas. There was, therefore, no evidence that the more regulated partially-protected areas had additional conservation benefits for reef fish assemblages. Overall, our results demonstrate conservation benefits to fish assemblages from a newly established network of temperate marine reserves. They also show that ecological monitoring can contribute to adaptive management of newly established marine reserve networks, but the extent of this contribution is limited by the rate of change in marine communities in response to protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan P. Kelaher
- New South Wales Fisheries, Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour 2450, New South Wales, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre & Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Melinda A. Coleman
- New South Wales Fisheries, Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour 2450, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allison Broad
- Institute for Conservation Biology & Environmental Management, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Rees
- Institute for Conservation Biology & Environmental Management, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan Jordan
- New South Wales Fisheries, Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour 2450, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Davis
- Institute for Conservation Biology & Environmental Management, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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