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Nazarov K, Perik-Zavodskii R, Perik-Zavodskaia O, Alrhmoun S, Volynets M, Shevchenko J, Sennikov S. Murine Placental Erythroid Cells Are Mainly Represented by CD45 + Immunosuppressive Erythroid Cells and Secrete CXCL1, CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4 Chemokines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098130. [PMID: 37175837 PMCID: PMC10179598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythroid cells are emerging players in immunological regulation that have recently been shown to play a crucial role in fetomaternal tolerance in mice. In this work, we set ourselves the goal of discovering additional information about the molecular mechanisms of this process. We used flow cytometry to study placental erythroid cells' composition and BioPlex for the secretome profiling of 23 cytokines at E12.5 and E19.5 in both allogeneic and syngeneic pregnancies. We found that (1) placental erythroid cells are mainly represented by CD45+ erythroid cells; (2) the secretomes of CD71+ placental erythroid cells differ from the ones in syngeneic pregnancy; (3) CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CXCL1 chemokines were secreted on each day of embryonic development and in both types of pregnancy studied. We believe that these chemokines lure placental immune cells towards erythroid cells so that erythroid cells can induce anergy in those immune cells via cell-bound ligands such as PD-L1, enzymes such as ARG1, and secreted factors such as TGFβ-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Nazarov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia
| | - Roman Perik-Zavodskii
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia
| | - Olga Perik-Zavodskaia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia
| | - Saleh Alrhmoun
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia
| | - Marina Volynets
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia
| | - Julia Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia
| | - Sergey Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia
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Reappraisal of evolving methods in non-invasive prenatal screening: Discovery, biology and clinical utility. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13923. [PMID: 36879971 PMCID: PMC9984859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) offers an opportunity to screen or determine features associated with the fetus. Earlier, prenatal testing was done with cytogenetic procedures like karyotyping or fluorescence in-situ hybridization, which necessitated invasive methods such as fetal blood sampling, chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. Over the last two decades, there has been a paradigm shift away from invasive prenatal diagnostic methods to non-invasive ones. NIPS tests heavily rely on cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA). This DNA is released into the maternal circulation by placenta. Like cffDNA, fetal cells such as nucleated red blood cells, placental trophoblasts, leukocytes, and exosomes or fetal RNA circulating in maternal plasma, have enormous potential in non-invasive prenatal testing, but their use is still limited due to a number of limitations. Non-invasive approaches currently use circulating fetal DNA to assess the fetal genetic milieu. Methods with an acceptable detection rate and specificity such as sequencing, methylation, or PCR, have recently gained popularity in NIPS. Now that NIPS has established clinical significance in prenatal screening and diagnosis, it is critical to gain insights into and comprehend the genesis of NIPS de novo. The current review reappraises the development and emergence of non-invasive prenatal screen/test approaches, as well as their clinical application, with a focus, on the scope, benefits, and limitations.
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Haftorn KL, Denault WRP, Lee Y, Page CM, Romanowska J, Lyle R, Næss ØE, Kristjansson D, Magnus PM, Håberg SE, Bohlin J, Jugessur A. Nucleated red blood cells explain most of the association between DNA methylation and gestational age. Commun Biol 2023; 6:224. [PMID: 36849614 PMCID: PMC9971030 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining if specific cell type(s) are responsible for an association between DNA methylation (DNAm) and a given phenotype is important for understanding the biological mechanisms underlying the association. Our EWAS of gestational age (GA) in 953 newborns from the Norwegian MoBa study identified 13,660 CpGs significantly associated with GA (pBonferroni<0.05) after adjustment for cell type composition. When the CellDMC algorithm was applied to explore cell-type specific effects, 2,330 CpGs were significantly associated with GA, mostly in nucleated red blood cells [nRBCs; n = 2,030 (87%)]. Similar patterns were found in another dataset based on a different array and when applying an alternative algorithm to CellDMC called Tensor Composition Analysis (TCA). Our findings point to nRBCs as the main cell type driving the DNAm-GA association, implicating an epigenetic signature of erythropoiesis as a likely mechanism. They also explain the poor correlation observed between epigenetic age clocks for newborns and those for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine L Haftorn
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - William R P Denault
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yunsung Lee
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian M Page
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julia Romanowska
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, , University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert Lyle
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind E Næss
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dana Kristjansson
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per M Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri E Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Bohlin
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modelling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astanand Jugessur
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, , University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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4
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Amir S, Arathi A, Reshma S, Mohanan PV. Microfluidic devices for the detection of disease-specific proteins and other macromolecules, disease modelling and drug development: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123784. [PMID: 36822284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is a revolutionary technology that has promising applications in the biomedical field.Integrating microfluidic technology with the traditional assays unravels the innumerable possibilities for translational biomedical research. Microfluidics has the potential to build up a novel platform for diagnosis and therapy through precise manipulation of fluids and enhanced throughput functions. The developments in microfluidics-based devices for diagnostics have evolved in the last decade and have been established for their rapid, effective, accurate and economic advantages. The efficiency and sensitivity of such devices to detect disease-specific macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids have made crucial impacts in disease diagnosis. The disease modelling using microfluidic systems provides a more prominent replication of the in vivo microenvironment and can be a better alternative for the existing disease models. These models can replicate critical microphysiology like the dynamic microenvironment, cellular interactions, and biophysical and biochemical cues. Microfluidics also provides a promising system for high throughput drug screening and delivery applications. However, microfluidics-based diagnostics still encounter related challenges in the reliability, real-time monitoring and reproducibility that circumvents this technology from being impacted in the healthcare industry. This review highlights the recent microfluidics developments for modelling and diagnosing common diseases, including cancer, neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory and autoimmune disorders, and its applications in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amir
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - A Arathi
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - S Reshma
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - P V Mohanan
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695 012, Kerala, India.
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Grigorev GV, Lebedev AV, Wang X, Qian X, Maksimov GV, Lin L. Advances in Microfluidics for Single Red Blood Cell Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:117. [PMID: 36671952 PMCID: PMC9856164 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The utilizations of microfluidic chips for single RBC (red blood cell) studies have attracted great interests in recent years to filter, trap, analyze, and release single erythrocytes for various applications. Researchers in this field have highlighted the vast potential in developing micro devices for industrial and academia usages, including lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip systems. This article critically reviews the current state-of-the-art and recent advances of microfluidics for single RBC analyses, including integrated sensors and microfluidic platforms for microscopic/tomographic/spectroscopic single RBC analyses, trapping arrays (including bifurcating channels), dielectrophoretic and agglutination/aggregation studies, as well as clinical implications covering cancer, sepsis, prenatal, and Sickle Cell diseases. Microfluidics based RBC microarrays, sorting/counting and trapping techniques (including acoustic, dielectrophoretic, hydrodynamic, magnetic, and optical techniques) are also reviewed. Lastly, organs on chips, multi-organ chips, and drug discovery involving single RBC are described. The limitations and drawbacks of each technology are addressed and future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii V. Grigorev
- Data Science and Information Technology Research Center, Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California in Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- School of Information Technology, Cherepovets State University, 162600 Cherepovets, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Lebedev
- Machine Building Department, Bauman Moscow State University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiang Qian
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - George V. Maksimov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Physical metallurgy Department, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education National Research Technological University “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liwei Lin
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California in Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Chen Y, Wu Z, Sutlive J, Wu K, Mao L, Nie J, Zhao XZ, Guo F, Chen Z, Huang Q. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis targeting fetal nucleated red blood cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:546. [PMID: 36585678 PMCID: PMC9805221 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) aims to detect fetal-related genetic disorders before birth by detecting markers in the peripheral blood of pregnant women, holding the potential in reducing the risk of fetal birth defects. Fetal-nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) can be used as biomarkers for NIPD, given their remarkable nature of carrying the entire genetic information of the fetus. Here, we review recent advances in NIPD technologies based on the isolation and analysis of fNRBCs. Conventional cell separation methods rely primarily on physical properties and surface antigens of fNRBCs, such as density gradient centrifugation, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and magnetic-activated cell sorting. Due to the limitations of sensitivity and purity in Conventional methods, separation techniques based on micro-/nanomaterials have been developed as novel methods for isolating and enriching fNRBCs. We also discuss emerging methods based on microfluidic chips and nanostructured substrates for static and dynamic isolation of fNRBCs. Additionally, we introduce the identification techniques of fNRBCs and address the potential clinical diagnostic values of fNRBCs. Finally, we highlight the challenges and the future directions of fNRBCs as treatment guidelines in NIPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Chen
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Academy of Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XDepartment of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Joseph Sutlive
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ke Wu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Lu Mao
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Academy of Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Jiabao Nie
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Biological Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhao
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States.
| | - Zi Chen
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Qinqin Huang
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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The Origins and the Current Applications of Microfluidics-Based Magnetic Cell Separation Technologies. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic separation of cells based on certain traits has a wide range of applications in microbiology, immunology, oncology, and hematology. Compared to bulk separation, performing magnetophoresis at micro scale presents advantages such as precise control of the environment, larger magnetic gradients in miniaturized dimensions, operational simplicity, system portability, high-throughput analysis, and lower costs. Since the first integration of magnetophoresis and microfluidics, many different approaches have been proposed to magnetically separate cells from suspensions at the micro scale. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the origins of microfluidic devices for magnetic cell separation and the recent technologies and applications grouped by the targeted cell types. For each application, exemplary experimental methods and results are discussed.
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Research Progress in Isolation and Enrichment of Fetal Cells from Maternal Blood. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7131241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis is an important means of early diagnosis of genetic diseases, which can effectively reduce the risk of birth defects. Free fetal cells, as a carrier of intact fetal genetic material, provide hope for the development of high-sensitivity and high-accuracy prenatal diagnosis technology. However, the number of fetal cells is small and it is difficult to apply clinically. In recent years, noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) technology for fetal genetic material in maternal peripheral blood has developed rapidly, which makes it possible to diagnose genetic diseases by fetal cells in maternal peripheral blood. This article reviewed the current status of fetal cell separation and enrichment technology and its application in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis technology.
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Alhur NF, Al Qahtani NH, AlSuhaibani ES, Alsulmi E, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Fetal Nucleated Red Blood Cells Preferable Than Cell-Free Fetal DNA for Early Determination of Gender Among Invasive and Non-Invasive Source Using Novel Four Genes Multiplex PCR. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9697-9705. [PMID: 34938099 PMCID: PMC8687708 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s345345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deoxyribonucleic acid from invasive, non-invasive and 9th week embryo can be a resource for the determination of fetal sex using highly sensitive and specific multiplex PCR. Methods A total of 402 DNA samples were used to test the newly developed novel multiplex PCR including male specific (3 genes: SRY, DAZ2 and TSPY1) Y-biomarkers and internal control, ACTB. The study isolated cffDNA (Cell-free fetal DNA; n = 73) from mother’s plasma, serum and urine, fetal DNA from 9th week embryo and cord blood, and fetal DNA from CD71+ve nucleated red blood cells (fNRBC; n = 73). Paternal and maternal DNA from buccal cells (n = 20) and blood (n = 232) used for male and female confirmation. Results The study observed that SRY alone cannot be a suitable Y-biomarker. Confirmation from any two Y-biomarkers is mandatory for male fetus identification. Direct sequencing of the gel eluted multiplex and single amplicons confirmed the specific sequences. Presence of two out of 3 Y-biomarkers OR single Y-biomarker with >1,000,000 intensity is considered positive for male. The multiplex PCR is suitable for determining sex from all source of fetal DNA including highly degraded cffDNA and can detect the sex using 0.5ng DNA. Individual marker-based real-time qPCR followed by combined melt curve analysis showed distinguished melt curve peaks for the markers. Conclusion The multiplex PCR achieved 100% accuracy on fetal DNA from fNRBC for early determinations (<13 weeks) of gender. The developed novel and simple multiplex PCR and individual qPCR can be adopted in all types of laboratories for determining human fetal gender using fetal DNA from fNRBC. Early identification of gender can support to prepare for possible X-linked analysis, reduce anxiety in mother, strengthen a bond between mother and fetus, and effective decision making. Non-invasive source of fetal DNA from fNRBC preferred for identifying gender to reduce the risk of invasive procedures in early (8–13 weeks) pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah F Alhur
- College of Science, Zoology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah H Al Qahtani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eman Alsulmi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Sabbatinelli G, Fantasia D, Palka C, Morizio E, Alfonsi M, Calabrese G. Isolation and Enrichment of Circulating Fetal Cells for NIPD: An Overview. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122239. [PMID: 34943476 PMCID: PMC8700692 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis plays a crucial role in clinical genetics. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis using fetal cells circulating in maternal peripheral blood has become the goal of prenatal diagnosis, to obtain complete fetal genetic information and avoid risks to mother and fetus. The development of high-efficiency separation technologies is necessary to obtain the scarce fetal cells from the maternal circulation. Over the years, multiple approaches have been applied, including choice of the ideal cell targets, different cell recovering technologies, and refined cell isolation yield procedures. In order to provide a useful tool and to give insights about limitations and advantages of the technologies available today, we review the genetic research on the creation and validation of non-invasive prenatal diagnostic testing protocols based on the rare and labile circulating fetal cells during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sabbatinelli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Imaging & Scienze Cliniche, Scuola Superiore G. D’Annunzio, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Donatella Fantasia
- UOSD Genetica Oncoematologica, Dipartimento di Oncologico-Ematologico, Ospedale Spirito Santo, ASL Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Chiara Palka
- UOC Genetica Medica, Ospedale S.S. Annunziata, ASL2 Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Elisena Morizio
- Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Tecnologie Avanzate in Medicina e Odontoiatria, School of Medicine, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Melissa Alfonsi
- UOC Genetica Medica, Ospedale S.S. Annunziata, ASL2 Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Calabrese
- UOSD Genetica Oncoematologica, Dipartimento di Oncologico-Ematologico, Ospedale Spirito Santo, ASL Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy;
- Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Tecnologie Avanzate in Medicina e Odontoiatria, School of Medicine, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Wang C, Ma Y, Pei Z, Song F, Zhong J, Wang Y, Yan X, Dai P, Jiang Y, Qiu J, Shi M, Wu X. Sheathless acoustic based flow cell sorter for enrichment of rare cells. Cytometry A 2021; 101:311-324. [PMID: 34806837 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell enrichment is a powerful tool in many kinds of cell research, especially in applications with low abundance cell types. In this work, we developed a microfluidic fluorescence activated cell sorting device that was able to perform on-demand, low loss cell detection, and sorting. The chip utilizes three-dimensional acoustic standing waves to position all cells in the same fluid velocity regime without sheath. When the cells pass through a laser interrogation region, the scattering and fluorescent signals are detected, translated and transported to software. The target cells are then identified by gating on the plots. Short bursts of standing acoustic waves are triggered by order from PC to sort target cells within predefined gating region. For very low abundance and rare labeled lymphocytes mixed with high concentration unlabeled white blood cells (WBCs), (1-100 labeled lymphocytes are diluted in 106 WBCs in 1 ml volume fluid), the device is able to remove more than 98% WBCs and recover labeled lymphocytes with efficiency of 80%. We further demonstrated that this device worked with real clinical samples by successfully isolating fetal nucleated red blood cells (FNRBCs) in the blood samples from pregnant women with male fetus. The obtained cells were sequenced and the expressions of (sex determining region Y) SRY genes were tested to determine fetal cell proportion. In genetic analysis, the proportion of fetal cells in the final picked sample is up to 40.64%. With this ability, the device proposed could be valuable for biomedical applications involving fetal cells, circulating tumor cells, and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Feifei Song
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xintao Yan
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Pu Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai ninth people's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengdie Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
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Grzywa TM, Nowis D, Golab J. The role of CD71 + erythroid cells in the regulation of the immune response. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107927. [PMID: 34171326 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex regulation of the immune response is necessary to support effective defense of an organism against hostile invaders and to maintain tolerance to harmless microorganisms and autoantigens. Recent studies revealed previously unappreciated roles of CD71+ erythroid cells (CECs) in regulation of the immune response. CECs physiologically reside in the bone marrow where erythropoiesis takes place. Under stress conditions, CECs are enriched in some organs outside of the bone marrow as a result of extramedullary erythropoiesis. However, the role of CECs goes well beyond the production of erythrocytes. In neonates, increased numbers of CECs contribute to their vulnerability to infectious diseases. On the other side, neonatal CECs suppress activation of immune cells in response to abrupt colonization with commensal microorganisms after delivery. CECs are also enriched in the peripheral blood of pregnant women as well as in the placenta and are responsible for the regulation of feto-maternal tolerance. In patients with cancer, anemia leads to increased frequency of CECs in the peripheral blood contributing to diminished antiviral and antibacterial immunity, as well as to accelerated cancer progression. Moreover, recent studies revealed the role of CECs in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. CECs use a full arsenal of mechanisms to regulate immune response. These cells suppress proinflammatory responses of myeloid cells and T-cell proliferation by the depletion of ʟ-arginine by arginase. Moreover, CECs produce reactive oxygen species to decrease T-cell proliferation. CECs also secrete cytokines, including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), which promotes T-cell differentiation into regulatory T-cells. Here, we comprehensively describe the role of CECs in orchestrating immune response and indicate some therapeutic approaches that might be used to regulate their effector functions in the treatment of human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Grzywa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki and Wigury 61 Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Centre of Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Direct Assessment of Single-Cell DNA Using Crudely Purified Live Cells: A Proof of Concept for Noninvasive Prenatal Definitive Diagnosis. J Mol Diagn 2021; 22:132-140. [PMID: 32033633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive testing techniques are often used for fetal diagnosis of genetic abnormalities but are limited by certain characteristics, including noninformative results. Thus, novel methods of noninvasive definitive diagnosis of fetal genetic abnormalities are needed. The aim of this study was to develop a single-cell DNA analysis method with high sensitivity and specificity that enables direct extraction of genetic information from live fetal cells in a crude mixture for simultaneous evaluation. Genomic DNA from circulating fetal CD45-CD14- cells, an extremely rare cell type, extracted from 10-mL samples of maternal peripheral blood, was extracted using a single-cell-based droplet digital (sc-dd) PCR system with a modified amount of polymerase. A hexachloro-6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled RPP30 probe was used as an internal control and a 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled SRY probe as a target. The results indicated that no droplets generated with samples from pregnant women carrying female fetuses were positive for both probe signals, whereas droplets prepared with samples from pregnant women carrying male fetuses were positive for both probe signals. The latter was considered a direct assessment of genetic information from single circulating male fetal cells. Thus, the modified sc-ddPCR system allows the detection of genetic information from rare target cells in a crudely purified cell population. This research also serves as a proof of concept for noninvasive prenatal definitive diagnosis.
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14
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Vossaert L, Chakchouk I, Zemet R, Van den Veyver IB. Overview and recent developments in cell-based noninvasive prenatal testing. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:1202-1214. [PMID: 33974713 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigators have long been interested in the natural phenomenon of fetal and placental cell trafficking into the maternal circulation. The scarcity of these circulating cells makes their detection and isolation technically challenging. However, as a DNA source of fetal origin not mixed with maternal DNA, they have the potential of considerable benefit over circulating cell-free DNA-based noninvasive prenatal genetic testing (NIPT). Endocervical trophoblasts, which are less rare but more challenging to recover are also being investigated as an approach for cell-based NIPT. We review published studies from around the world describing both forms of cell-based NIPT and highlight the different approaches' advantages and drawbacks. We also offer guidance for developing a sound cell-based NIPT protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Vossaert
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Imen Chakchouk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roni Zemet
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignatia B Van den Veyver
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Pavillion for Women, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Wei X, Chen K, Guo S, Liu W, Zhao XZ. Emerging Microfluidic Technologies for the Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Fetal Nucleated Red Blood Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1140-1155. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information and 3D Bioprinting of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Keke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shishang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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16
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Wang Z, Cheng L, Sun Y, Wei X, Cai B, Liao L, Zhang Y, Zhao XZ. Enhanced Isolation of Fetal Nucleated Red Blood Cells by Enythrocyte-Leukocyte Hybrid Membrane-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Noninvasive Pregnant Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2020; 93:1033-1042. [PMID: 33296189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) in maternal peripheral blood containing the whole genetic information of the fetus may serve for noninvasive pregnant diagnostics (NIPD). However, the fetal cell-based NIPD is seriously limited by the poor purity of the isolated fNRBCs. Recently, the biomimetic cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles containing outstanding features have been widely used to detect and isolate rare cells from the peripheral blood samples. In this work, enythrocyte (RBC) and leukocyte (WBC) membranes are fused and coated onto magnet nanoparticles and then modified with anti-CD147 to isolate fNRBCs from the maternal peripheral blood with significant efficiency (∼90%) and purity (∼87%) in simulated spiked blood samples. Further, fNRBCs were isolated and identified from a series of maternal peripheral blood samples coming from pregnant women of 11-13 gestational weeks, and different chromosomal aneuploidies were diagnosed using fNRBCs isolated from maternal blood in early pregnancy. Our strategy may offer additional opportunity to overcome the limitations of current cell-based NIPD platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information and 3D Bioprinting of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Bo Cai
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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17
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Wang Z, Cheng L, Wei X, Cai B, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Liao L, Zhao XZ. High-throughput isolation of fetal nucleated red blood cells by multifunctional microsphere-assisted inertial microfluidics. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:75. [PMID: 33079273 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Being easy, safe and reliable, non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has been greatly pursued in recent years. Holding the complete genetic information of the fetus, fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) are viewed as a suitable target for NIPD application. However, effective separating fNRBCs from maternal peripheral blood for clinic use still faces great challenges, given that fNRBCs are extremely rare in maternal blood circulation. Here, by combining the high-throughput inertial microfluidic chip with multifunctional microspheres as size amplification, we develop a novel method to isolate fNRBCs with high performance. To enlarge the size difference between fNRBCs and normal blood cells, we use the gelatin coated microspheres to capture fNRBCs with anti-CD147 as specific recognizer at first. The size difference between fNRBCs captured by the microspheres and normal blood cells makes it easy to purify the captured fNRBCs through the spiral microfluidic chip. Finally, the purified fNRBCs are mildly released from the microspheres by enzymatically degrading the gelatin coating. Cell capture efficiency about 81%, high purity of 83%, as well as cell release viability over 80% were achieved using spiked samples by this approach. Additionally, fNRBCs were successfully detected from peripheral blood of pregnant women with an average of 24 fNRBCs per mL, suggesting the great potential of this method for clinical non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Cai
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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18
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Schreier S, Triampo W. The Blood Circulating Rare Cell Population. What is it and What is it Good For? Cells 2020; 9:cells9040790. [PMID: 32218149 PMCID: PMC7226460 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood contains a diverse cell population of low concentration hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic cells. The majority of such rare cells may be bone marrow-derived progenitor and stem cells. This paucity of circulating rare cells, in particular in the peripheral circulation, has led many to believe that bone marrow as well as other organ-related cell egress into the circulation is a response to pathological conditions. Little is known about this, though an increasing body of literature can be found suggesting commonness of certain rare cell types in the peripheral blood under physiological conditions. Thus, the isolation and detection of circulating rare cells appears to be merely a technological problem. Knowledge about rare cell types that may circulate the blood stream will help to advance the field of cell-based liquid biopsy by supporting inter-platform comparability, making use of biological correct cutoffs and “mining” new biomarkers and combinations thereof in clinical diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, this review intends to lay ground for a comprehensive analysis of the peripheral blood rare cell population given the necessity to target a broader range of cell types for improved biomarker performance in cell-based liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schreier
- School of Bioinnovation and Bio-based Product Intelligence, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wannapong Triampo
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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19
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Gur O, Chang CL, Jain R, Zhong Y, Savran CA. High-purity isolation of rare single cells from blood using a tiered microchip system. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229949. [PMID: 32182245 PMCID: PMC7077832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a two-tiered microchip system to capture and retrieve rare cells from blood samples with high purity. The first module of the system is a high throughput microfluidic interface that is used to immunomagnetically isolate targeted rare cells from whole blood, and discard > 99.999% of the unwanted leukocytes. The second module is a microwell array that furthers the purification by magnetically guiding each cell into a separate well concurrently, and allows individual retrieval of each cell. We demonstrate the design of the system as well as its characterization by experiments using model cell lines that represent circulating fetal trophoblasts. Our results show that single cells can be retrieved with efficiencies and purities as high as 100% within 145 mins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Gur
- School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Chun-Li Chang
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Rohil Jain
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Cagri A. Savran
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
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20
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Cheng L, Wei X, Wang Z, Feng C, Gong Q, Fu Y, Zhao X, Zhang Y. Silica microbeads capture fetal nucleated red blood cells for noninvasive prenatal testing of fetal ABO genotype. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:966-972. [PMID: 31797392 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN), which may cause neonatal jaundice and polycythemia, or even stillbirth or neonatal death, is widespread in China. Prenatal testing for the fetal ABO blood group can reduce unnecessary concerns or ensure prompt treatment. Herein, we presented a method to employ high-density silica microbeads (SiO2 MBs) for capturing fetal nucleated red blood cells (fnRBCs) in maternal peripheral blood, and we detected the ABO genotype of the fetus using these captured cells. We evaluated 52 patients using the SiO2 MBs. Among 26 pregnant women with type O blood, 8 (30.8%) of the fetuses had type A blood, 5 (19.2%) had type B blood, and 13 (50%) had type O blood. SRY genes were detected in all 27 male fetuses. This study represents a simple and effective method for noninvasive prenatal detection of the fetal ABO genotype. We believe that this method has great potential for noninvasive prenatal testing of the fetal Rh blood group and other fetal diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Chun Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Qing Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yourong Fu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xingzhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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21
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Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) participates in the build up of hematopoietic cells in the early embryonic stage: an abortion case observation. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:85. [PMID: 31370844 PMCID: PMC6670229 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At the 3rd week of human embryo, some cell clumps are formed by the hyperplasia of mesenchymal cells at the germ layer of the yolk sac wall. These cell clumps are known as blood islands. The cells in the center of the blood islands further develop into primitive blood cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells. The blood island in the yolk sac further develops into the extramedullary hematopoietic tissue in 1 week at the 3rd to 4th week. Case presentation A 32-year-old pregnant woman who missed menstruation for 42 days discovered that her pregnancy required an abortion. The tissue collected after the abortion was a piece of gray-yellow and villus-like intrauterine tissue of a size of approximately 4 cm × 3 cm × 1.3 cm. The paraffin section stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observed under the light microscope showed a visible small embryo tissue in the early placental tissue. In the embryonic tissue, a large amount of extramedullary hematopoietic tissue was present, including myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocytic cells. The extramedullary hematopoietic cells were located in the blood vessels or naive liver sinus, were positive for alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and were without lymphocytes. The erythrocytes consisted of a large number of nucleated red blood cells. In addition, a neural tube and cystic structure were found. The final pathological diagnosis was as follows: Early embryonic tissue with a cystic structure formation in the embryo. After medical abortion the pregnant woman recovered well, without complications. Conclusions Our case illustrates that AFP is an important structural protein of nucleated erythrocytes and myeloid hematopoietic cells, suggesting that it may participate in the build up of nucleated erythrocytes and myeloid hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, our case suggests that nucleated red blood cells can be detected from the 42nd day of pregnancy by a peripheral blood sample from the mother.
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22
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Pin-Jung C, Pai-Chi T, Zhu Y, Jen Jan Y, Smalley M, Afshar Y, Li-Ching C, Pisarska MD, Hsian-Rong T. Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnostics: Recent Developments Using Circulating Fetal Nucleated Cells. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 8:1-8. [PMID: 31565541 PMCID: PMC6764767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to highlight recent research advances in noninvasive prenatal diagnostic methods. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies developing noninvasive prenatal diagnostic (NIPD) methods have been focused on either fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) or circulating trophoblasts (cTBs). Enriched cTBs were successfully utilized for whole genome profiling and short tandem repeat (STR) identification to confirm feto-maternal relationship. However, further analysis of isolated fNRBCs remains confined to examining fetal cytogenetics. SUMMARY Invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures, amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, are the gold standard for the diagnosis of fetal chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders. Meanwhile, noninvasive techniques of analyzing circulating cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) have been limited to screening tools and are highly fragmented and confounded by maternal DNA. By detecting circulating fetal nucleated cells (CFNCs) we are able to noninvasively confirm fetal chromosomal abnormalities, truly realizing the concept of "noninvasive prenatal diagnostics". The primary technical challenge is the enrichment of the low abundance of CFNCs in maternal peripheral blood. For any cell-based NIPD method, both fetal whole genome profiling and confirmation of the feto-parental relationship are essential. This has been successfully performed using enriched and isolated cTBs, making cTB a better candidate for NIPD. cTB enumeration also correlates with abnormal fetal or placental development. On the other hand, downstream analysis of fNRBCs remains limited to examining fetal sex and aneuploidies. Furthermore, trophoblast-based NIPD via an endocervical sample is also promising because of reduced dilution from hematologic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Pin-Jung
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Teng Pai-Chi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Jen Jan
- Urologic Oncology Program and Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Smalley
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yalda Afshar
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chen Li-Ching
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Margareta D. Pisarska
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tseng Hsian-Rong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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A Silicon-based Coral-like Nanostructured Microfluidics to Isolate Rare Cells in Human Circulation: Validation by SK-BR-3 Cancer Cell Line and Its Utility in Circulating Fetal Nucleated Red Blood Cells. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10020132. [PMID: 30781548 PMCID: PMC6413103 DOI: 10.3390/mi10020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Circulating fetal cells (CFCs) in maternal blood are rare but have a strong potential to be the target for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD). "Cell RevealTM system" is a silicon-based microfluidic platform capable to capture rare cell populations in human circulation. The platform is recently optimized to enhance the capture efficiency and system automation. In this study, spiking tests of SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells were used for the evaluation of capture efficiency. Then, peripheral bloods from 14 pregnant women whose fetuses have evidenced non-maternal genomic markers (e.g., de novo pathogenic copy number changes) were tested for the capture of circulating fetal nucleated red blood cells (fnRBCs). Captured cells were subjected to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on chip or recovered by an automated cell picker for molecular genetic analyses. The capture rate for the spiking tests is estimated as 88.1%. For the prenatal study, 2⁻71 fnRBCs were successfully captured from 2 mL of maternal blood in all pregnant women. The captured fnRBCs were verified to be from fetal origin. Our results demonstrated that the Cell RevealTM system has a high capture efficiency and can be used for fnRBC capture that is feasible for the genetic diagnosis of fetuses without invasive procedures.
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24
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Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnostics: Recent Developments Using Circulating Fetal Nucleated Cells. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13669-019-0254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Wei X, Ao Z, Cheng L, He Z, Huang Q, Cai B, Rao L, Meng Q, Wang Z, Sun Y, Liu W, Zhang Y, Guo S, Guo F, Zhao XZ. Highly sensitive and rapid isolation of fetal nucleated red blood cells with microbead-based selective sedimentation for non-invasive prenatal diagnostics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:434001. [PMID: 30087212 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad8c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive prenatal diagnostics (NIPD) has been an emerging field for prenatal diagnosis research. Carrying the whole genome coding of the fetus, fetal nucleated red blood cells (FNRBCs) have been pursued as a surrogate biomarker traveling around in maternal blood. Here, by combining a unique microbead-based centrifugal separation and enzymatic release, we demonstrated a novel method for FNRBC isolation from the blood samples. First, the gelatin-coated silica microbeads were modified with FNRBC-specific antibody (anti-CD147) to capture the target cells in the blood samples. Then, the density difference between microbead-bound FNRBCs and normal blood cells enables the purification of FNRBCs via an improved high-density percoll-based separation. The non-invasive release of FNRBCs can then be achieved by enzymatically degrading the gelatin film on the surface of the microbeads, allowing a gentle release of the captured target cells with as high as 84% efficiency and ∼80% purity. We further applied it to isolate fetal cells from maternal peripheral blood. The released cells were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction to verify their fetal origin and fluorescent in situ hybridization to detect fetal chromosome disorders. This straightforward and reliable alternative platform for FNRBC detection may have the potential for realizing facile NIPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Schreier S, Borwornpinyo S, Udomsangpetch R, Triampo W. An update of circulating rare cell types in healthy adult peripheral blood: findings of immature erythroid precursors. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:406. [PMID: 30498733 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Circulating rare cells (CRCs) are benign or malignant minuscule events in the peripheral blood or other bodily fluids. The detection and quantification of certain CRC types is an invaluable or proposed candidate biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of various pathological conditions. The list of CRC types and biomarker applicability thereof continues to expand along with improvements in cell selection technology. Past findings may suggest commonness of healthy donor peripheral blood circulating mature erythroblasts. This work suggests the occurrence of morphologically distinct bone marrow native circulating early erythroid precursors that we intend to add to the list of CRCs. Methods We tested 15 healthy individuals that varied in age and gender employing a negative cell selection assay based on magnetic bead technology to characterize healthy adult circulating CD45 negative cell events using cell surface markers CD71 and glycophorin-A. Results Positive events were detected and varied in cell and nuclear size ranging between 7.5 µm till 15 µm and 4.5 till 9.2 µm, respectively with distinct appearance under bright field microscope. Cell rarity increased with cell and nuclear size. Largest cells exceeded 13.5 µm in cell diameter and were found in 7 out of 15 donors. Conclusions Circulating erythroid precursors occur at different stages of maturation and may be part of the benign CRC spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schreier
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wannapong Triampo
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, Thailand.,Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, CHE, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Li X, Shi Y, Hu B, An Y, Zhu Z, Hong G, Yang CJ. Frequency-enhanced transferrin receptor antibody-labelled microfluidic chip (FETAL-Chip) enables efficient enrichment of circulating nucleated red blood cells for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2749-2756. [PMID: 30123896 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00650d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fetal aneuploidy and other chromosomal aberrations affect 9 in 1000 live births. Unlike the invasive diagnosis with high risk of miscarriage, non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) sampling from maternal blood becomes a promising way for fetal genetic screening. However, fetal cell-based NIPD has a major challenge due to the small number of fetal cells present in maternal blood. We designed a frequency-enhanced transferrin receptor antibody-labelled microfluidic chip (FETAL-Chip) for efficient enrichment and identification of circulating fetal cells, i.e., circulating nucleated red blood cells (cNRBCs) from maternal blood. The FETAL-Chip can dramatically enhance the interaction of fetal cells with antibody-coated microposts to increase the capture efficiency while minimizing nonspecific adsorption. With the help of immunostaining, we can identify cNRBCs from as little as 2 milliliter maternal blood. Various numbers of cNRBCs were detected from volunteers as early as 7 weeks after conception and throughout the entire pregnancy. Gene analysis was also carried out to confirm the fetal origin of captured cells. With easy, non-invasive and highly efficient enrichment of cNRBCs, the method presented here offers great potential for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Huang ZW, Fong CY, Gauthaman K, Sukumar P, Mahyuddin AP, Barrett AN, Bongso A, Choolani M. Biology of human primitive erythroblasts for application in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2018; 38:673-684. [PMID: 29876942 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human primitive erythroblasts produced during early embryogenesis have been found in maternal circulation at early gestation and are considered good target cells for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. We aimed to gain a better understanding of the biology of primitive erythroblasts and maximize their potential utility for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. METHODS Cells were obtained from first trimester human placental tissues. Biological properties including surface antigen composition, differentiation, proliferation, enucleation, and degeneration were studied as gestation progressed. A microdroplet culture system was developed to observe the behavior of these cells in vitro. RESULTS Histology showed that primitive erythroblasts undergo maturation from polychromatic to orthochromatic erythroblasts and can differentiate spontaneously in vitro. Cell surface markers and nuclear gene expression suggest that the cells do not possess stemness properties, despite being primitive in nature. They have limited proliferative activity and highly deacetylated chromatin, but a microdroplet culture system can prolong their viability under normoxic conditions. No apoptosis was seen by 11 weeks' gestation, and there was no enucleation in vitro. CONCLUSION These properties confirm that viable cells with intact nuclei can be obtained at very early gestation for genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Wei Huang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
| | - Chui-Yee Fong
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
| | - Kalamegam Gauthaman
- King Abdulaziz University, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ponnusamy Sukumar
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore.,Management Development Institute of Singapore, 501 Stirling Road, 148951, Singapore
| | - Aniza P Mahyuddin
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
| | - Angela N Barrett
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- National University of Singapore, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for single gene disorders is coming to fruition in its clinical utility. The presence of cell-free DNA in maternal plasma has been recognized for many years, and a number of applications have developed from this. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for single gene disorders has lagged behind due to complexities of technology development, lack of investment and the need for validation samples for rare disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Publications are emerging demonstrating a variety of technical approaches and feasibility of clinical application. Techniques for analysis of cell-free DNA including digital PCR, next-generation sequencing and relative haplotype dosage have been used most often for assay development. Analysis of circulating fetal cells in the maternal blood is still being investigated as a viable alternative and more recently transcervical trophoblast cells. Studies exploring ethical and social issues are generally positive but raise concerns around the routinization of prenatal testing. SUMMARY Further work is necessary to make testing available to all patients with a pregnancy at risk of a single gene disorder, and it remains to be seen if the development of more powerful technologies such as isolation and analysis of single cells will shift the emphasis of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. As testing becomes possible for a wider range of conditions, more ethical questions will become relevant.
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Huang CE, Ma GC, Jou HJ, Lin WH, Lee DJ, Lin YS, Ginsberg NA, Chen HF, Chang FMC, Chen M. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal aneuploidy by circulating fetal nucleated red blood cells and extravillous trophoblasts using silicon-based nanostructured microfluidics. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:44. [PMID: 29213331 PMCID: PMC5712079 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) based on cell-free DNA in maternal circulation has been accepted worldwide by the clinical community since 2011 but limitations, such as maternal malignancy and fetoplacental mosaicism, preclude its full replacement of invasive prenatal diagnosis. We present a novel silicon-based nanostructured microfluidics platform named as "Cell Reveal™" to demonstrate the feasibility of capturing circulating fetal nucleated red blood cells (fnRBC) and extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVT) for cell-based noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (cbNIPD). METHODS The "Cell Reveal™" system is a silicon-based, nanostructured microfluidics using immunoaffinity to capture the trophoblasts and the nucleated RBC (nRBC) with specific antibodies. The automated computer analysis software was used to identify the targeted cells through additional immunostaining of the corresponding antigens. The identified cells were retrieved for whole genome amplification for subsequent investigations by micromanipulation in one microchip, and left in situ for subsequent fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in another microchip. When validation, bloods from pregnant women (n = 24) at gestational age 11-13+6 weeks were enrolled. When verification, bloods from pregnant women (n = 5) receiving chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis at gestation age 11+4-21 weeks with an aneuploid or euploid fetus were enrolled, followed by genetic analyses using FISH, short tandem repeat (STR) analyses, array comparative genomic hybridization, and next generation sequencing, in which the laboratory is blind to the fetal genetic complement. RESULTS The numbers of captured targeted cells were 1-44 nRBC/2 ml and 1-32 EVT/2 ml in the validation group. The genetic investigations performed in the verification group confirmed the captured cells to be fetal origin. In every 8 ml of the maternal blood being blindly tested, both fnRBC and EVT were always captured. The numbers of captured fetal cells were 14-22 fnRBC/4 ml and 1-44 EVT/4 ml of maternal blood. CONCLUSIONS This report is one of the first few to verify the capture of fnRBC in addition to EVT. The scalability of our automated system made us one step closer toward the goal of in vitro diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Er Huang
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Cytoaurora Biotechnologies, Inc. Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Chin Ma
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Jen Jou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Jay Lee
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Lin
- Welgene Biotechnology Company, Nangang Business Park, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Norman A. Ginsberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Hsin-Fu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Frank Mau-Chung Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
- National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Lyons V, Pappas D. Fundamentals of affinity cell separations. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:732-741. [PMID: 28960354 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell separations using affinity methods continue to be an enabling science for a wide variety of applications. In this review, we discuss the fundamental aspects of affinity separation, including the competing forces for cell capture and elution, cell-surface interactions, and models for cell adhesion. Factors affecting separation performance such as bond affinity, contact area, and temperature are presented. We also discuss and demonstrate the effects of nonspecific binding on separation performance. Metrics for evaluating cell separations are presented, along with methods of comparing separation techniques for cell isolation using affinity capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Veronica Lyons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Sun Y, Sethu P. Microfluidic Adaptation of Density-Gradient Centrifugation for Isolation of Particles and Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4030067. [PMID: 28952546 PMCID: PMC5615313 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Density-gradient centrifugation is a label-free approach that has been extensively used for cell separations. Though elegant, this process is time-consuming (>30 min), subjects cells to high levels of stress (>350 g) and relies on user skill to enable fractionation of cells that layer as a narrow band between the density-gradient medium and platelet-rich plasma. We hypothesized that microfluidic adaptation of this technique could transform this process into a rapid fractionation approach where samples are separated in a continuous fashion while being exposed to lower levels of stress (<100 g) for shorter durations of time (<3 min). To demonstrate proof-of-concept, we designed a microfluidic density-gradient centrifugation device and constructed a setup to introduce samples and medium like Ficoll in a continuous, pump-less fashion where cells and particles can be exposed to centrifugal force and separated via different outlets. Proof-of-concept studies using binary mixtures of low-density polystyrene beads (1.02 g/cm3) and high-density silicon dioxide beads (2.2 g/cm3) with Ficoll–Paque (1.06 g/cm3) show that separation is indeed feasible with >99% separation efficiency suggesting that this approach can be further adapted for separation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Palaniappan Sethu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Antfolk M, Laurell T. Continuous flow microfluidic separation and processing of rare cells and bioparticles found in blood – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 965:9-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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He Z, Guo F, Feng C, Cai B, Lata JP, He R, Huang Q, Yu X, Rao L, Liu H, Guo S, Liu W, Zhang Y, Huang TJ, Zhao X. Fetal nucleated red blood cell analysis for non-invasive prenatal diagnostics using a nanostructure microchip. J Mater Chem B 2016; 5:226-235. [PMID: 32263541 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02558g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free DNA has been widely used in non-invasive prenatal diagnostics (NIPD) nowadays. Compared to these incomplete and multi-source DNA fragments, fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs), once as an aided biomarker to monitor potential fetal pathological conditions, have re-attracted research interest in NIPD because of their definite fetal source and the total genetic information contained in the nuclei. Isolating these fetal cells from maternal peripheral blood and subsequent cell-based bio-analysis make maximal genetic diagnosis possible, while causing minimal harm to the fetus or its mother. In this paper, an affinity microchip is reported which uses hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanoparticles as well as immuno-agent anti-CD147 to effectively isolate fNRBCs from maternal peripheral blood, and on-chip biomedical analysis was demonstrated as a proof of concept for NIPD based on fNRBCs. Tens of fNRBCs can be isolated from 1 mL of peripheral blood (almost 25 mL-1 in average) from normal pregnant women (from the 10th to 30th gestational week). The diagnostic application of fNRBCs for fetal chromosome disorders (Trisomy 13 and 21) was also demonstrated. Our method offers effective isolation and accurate analysis of fNRBCs to implement comprehensive NIPD and to enhance insights into fetal cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China.
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