1
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Hawsawi YM, Shams A, Theyab A, Abdali WA, Hussien NA, Alatwi HE, Alzahrani OR, Oyouni AAA, Babalghith AO, Alreshidi M. BARD1 mystery: tumor suppressors are cancer susceptibility genes. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:599. [PMID: 35650591 PMCID: PMC9161512 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The full-length BRCA1-associated RING domain 1 (BARD1) gene encodes a 777-aa protein. BARD1 displays a dual role in cancer development and progression as it acts as a tumor suppressor and an oncogene. Structurally, BARD1 has homologous domains to BRCA1 that aid their heterodimer interaction to inhibit the progression of different cancers such as breast and ovarian cancers following the BRCA1-dependant pathway. In addition, BARD1 was shown to be involved in other pathways that are involved in tumor suppression (BRCA1-independent pathway) such as the TP53-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway. However, there are abundant BARD1 isoforms exist that are different from the full-length BARD1 due to nonsense and frameshift mutations, or deletions were found to be associated with susceptibility to various cancers including neuroblastoma, lung, breast, and cervical cancers. This article reviews the spectrum of BARD1 full-length genes and its different isoforms and their anticipated associated risk. Additionally, the study also highlights the role of BARD1 as an oncogene in breast cancer patients and its potential uses as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker and as a therapeutic target for cancer susceptibility testing and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef M Hawsawi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center- Research Center, KFSH&RC, MBC-J04, P.O. Box 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia. .,College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anwar Shams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Theyab
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wed A Abdali
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center- Research Center, KFSH&RC, MBC-J04, P.O. Box 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed A Hussien
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan E Alatwi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman R Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Abdulwahab A Oyouni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O Babalghith
- Medical genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Departement of biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Molecular Diagnostic and Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Thirumal Kumar D, Udhaya Kumar S, Jain N, Sowmya B, Balsekar K, Siva R, Kamaraj B, Sidenna M, George Priya Doss C, Zayed H. Computational structural assessment of BReast CAncer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and BRCA1-Associated Ring Domain protein 1 (BARD1) mutations on the protein-protein interface. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 130:375-397. [PMID: 35534113 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) is closely related to the BRCA2 (breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein) and BARD1 (BRCA1-associated RING domain-1) proteins. The homodimers were formed through their RING fingers; however they form more compact heterodimers preferentially, influencing BRCA1 residues 1-109 and BARD1 residues 26-119. We implemented an integrative computational pipeline to screen all the mutations in BRCA1 and identify the most significant mutations influencing the Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) in the BRCA1-BARD1 protein complex. The amino acids involved in the PPI regions were identified from the PDBsum database with the PDB ID: 1JM7. We screened 2118 missense mutations in BRCA1 and none in BARD1 for pathogenicity and stability and analyzed the amino acid sequences for conserved residues. We identified the most significant mutations from these screenings as V11G, M18K, L22S, and T97R positioned in the PPI regions of the BRCA1-BARD1 protein complex. We further performed protein-protein docking using the ZDOCK server. The native protein-protein complex showed the highest binding score of 2118.613, and the V11G mutant protein complex showed the least binding score of 1992.949. The other three mutation protein complexes had binding scores between the native and V11G protein complexes. Finally, a molecular dynamics simulation study using GROMACS was performed to comprehend changes in the BRCA1-BARD1 complex's binding pattern due to the mutation. From the analysis, we observed the highest deviation with lowest compactness and a decrease in the intramolecular h-bonds in the BRCA1-BARD1 protein complex with the V11G mutation compared to the native complex or the complexes with other mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thirumal Kumar
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India; Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Udhaya Kumar
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nikita Jain
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baviri Sowmya
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamakshi Balsekar
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Siva
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balu Kamaraj
- Department of Neuroscience Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariem Sidenna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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3
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Russi M, Marson D, Fermeglia A, Aulic S, Fermeglia M, Laurini E, Pricl S. The fellowship of the RING: BRCA1, its partner BARD1 and their liaison in DNA repair and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108009. [PMID: 34619284 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and its partner - the BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) - are key players in a plethora of fundamental biological functions including, among others, DNA repair, replication fork protection, cell cycle progression, telomere maintenance, chromatin remodeling, apoptosis and tumor suppression. However, mutations in their encoding genes transform them into dangerous threats, and substantially increase the risk of developing cancer and other malignancies during the lifetime of the affected individuals. Understanding how BRCA1 and BARD1 perform their biological activities therefore not only provides a powerful mean to prevent such fatal occurrences but can also pave the way to the development of new targeted therapeutics. Thus, through this review work we aim at presenting the major efforts focused on the functional characterization and structural insights of BRCA1 and BARD1, per se and in combination with all their principal mediators and regulators, and on the multifaceted roles these proteins play in the maintenance of human genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russi
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Suzana Aulic
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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4
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Alenezi WM, Fierheller CT, Recio N, Tonin PN. Literature Review of BARD1 as a Cancer Predisposing Gene with a Focus on Breast and Ovarian Cancers. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E856. [PMID: 32726901 PMCID: PMC7464855 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soon after the discovery of BRCA1 and BRCA2 over 20 years ago, it became apparent that not all hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome families were explained by germline variants in these cancer predisposing genes, suggesting that other such genes have yet to be discovered. BRCA1-associated ring domain (BARD1), a direct interacting partner of BRCA1, was one of the earliest candidates investigated. Sequencing analyses revealed that potentially pathogenic BARD1 variants likely conferred a low-moderate risk to hereditary breast cancer, but this association is inconsistent. Here, we review studies of BARD1 as a cancer predisposing gene and illustrate the challenge of discovering additional cancer risk genes for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer. We selected peer reviewed research articles that focused on three themes: (i) sequence analyses of BARD1 to identify potentially pathogenic germline variants in adult hereditary cancer syndromes; (ii) biological assays of BARD1 variants to assess their effect on protein function; and (iii) association studies of BARD1 variants in family-based and case-control study groups to assess cancer risk. In conclusion, BARD1 is likely to be a low-moderate penetrance breast cancer risk gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wejdan M. Alenezi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (W.M.A.); (C.T.F.); (N.R.)
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Caitlin T. Fierheller
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (W.M.A.); (C.T.F.); (N.R.)
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Neil Recio
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (W.M.A.); (C.T.F.); (N.R.)
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Patricia N. Tonin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (W.M.A.); (C.T.F.); (N.R.)
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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5
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Chen YZ, Zuo D, Ren HL, Fan SJ, Ying G. Bioinformatics Analysis of Expression and Alterations of BARD1 in Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819892260. [PMID: 31808361 PMCID: PMC6900616 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819892260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor type in women worldwide. BARD1
could impact function of BRCA1 as its interaction partner. In the current study, we
aimed to investigate the prognostic role of BARD1 expression as well as its alterations
in breast cancer using different online tools. Methods: We performed a bioinformatics analysis for BARD1 in patients with breast cancer using
several online databases, including Oncomine, bc-GenExMiner, PrognoScan, Search Tool for
the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, Cytoscape, and cBioPortal. Results: We found that BARD1 was highly expressed in basal-like, HER2-E, and luminal B compared
with normal-like subtype. Forest plot showed that BARD1 overexpression was correlated
with worse distant metastasis-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.72, 95% confidence
interval: 1.02-2.21; P = .0448), disease-specific survival (hazard
ratio: 2.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.37-5.12; P = .0037), and
disease-free survival (hazard ratio: 1.98, 95% confidence interval: 1.22-3.24;
P = .0062) but positively correlated with overall survival (hazard
ratio: 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.50-0.85; P = .0017).
Multivariate analysis indicated that BARD1 expression was significantly associated with
distant metastasis-free survival (hazard ratio: 4.60, 95% confidence interval:
1.22-17.28; P = .0239) whereas marginally significant for disease-free
survival (hazard ratio: 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.01, P =
.0630) and disease-specific survival (hazard ratio: 1.96, 95% confidence interval:
0.97-3.96; P = .0602). Meanwhile, alterations in BARD1 interaction
network were associated with worse overall survival instead of BARD1 alteration
alone. Conclusions: Bioinformatics analysis revealed that BARD1 may be a predictive biomarker for prognosis
of breast cancer. However, future research is required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zi Chen
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.,Contributed equally and are joint first authors
| | - Duo Zuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.,Contributed equally and are joint first authors
| | - Hai-Ling Ren
- Medical Oncology Department of Breast Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Sai-Jun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
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6
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Toh MR, Chong ST, Chan SH, Low CE, Ishak NDB, Lim JQ, Courtney E, Ngeow J. Functional analysis of clinical BARD1 germline variants. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:mcs.a004093. [PMID: 31371347 PMCID: PMC6672023 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a004093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 account for one-third of familial breast cancers. The majority of BRCA1 function requires heterodimerization with BARD1. In contrast to BRCA1, BARD1 is a low-penetrance gene with an unclear clinical relevance, partly because of limited functional evidence. Using patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells, we functionally characterized two pathogenic variants (c.1833dupT, c.2099delG) and three variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) (c.73G>C, c.1217G>A, c.1918C>A). Three of these patients had breast cancers, whereas the remaining had colorectal cancers (n = 3). Both patients with pathogenic variants (c.1833dupT, c.2099delG) developed breast cancers with aggressive disease phenotypes such as triple-negative breast cancer and high cancer grades. As BARD1 encompasses multiple functional domains, including those of apoptosis and homologous recombination repair, we hypothesized that the function being impaired would correspond with the domain where the variant was located. Variants c.1918C>A, c.1833dupT, c.1217G>A, and c.2099delG, located within and proximal to apoptotic domains of ankyrin and BRCT, were associated with impaired apoptosis. Conversely, apoptosis function was preserved in c.73G>C, which was distant from the ankyrin domain. All variants displayed normal BRCA1 heterodimerization and RAD51 colocalization, consistent with their location being distal to BRCA1—and RAD51-binding domains. In view of deficient apoptosis, VUSs (c.1217G>A and c.1918C>A) may be pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. In summary, functional analysis of BARD1 VUSs requires a combination of assays and, more importantly, the use of appropriate functional assays with consideration to the variant's location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ren Toh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Siao Ting Chong
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Sock Hoai Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Chen Ee Low
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | | | - Jing Quan Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Eliza Courtney
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
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7
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BARD1 is A Low/Moderate Breast Cancer Risk Gene: Evidence Based on An Association Study of the Central European p.Q564X Recurrent Mutation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060740. [PMID: 31142030 PMCID: PMC6627038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to several well-established breast cancer (BC) susceptibility genes, the contribution of other candidate genes to BC risk remains mostly undefined. BARD1 is a potentially predisposing BC gene, however, the rarity of its mutations and an insufficient family/study size have hampered corroboration and estimation of the associated cancer risks. To clarify the role of BARD1 mutations in BC predisposition, a comprehensive case-control association study of a recurring nonsense mutation c.1690C>T (p.Q564X) was performed, comprising ~14,000 unselected BC patients and ~5900 controls from Polish and Belarusian populations. For comparisons, two BARD1 variants of unknown significance were also genotyped. We detected the highest number of BARD1 variants in BC cases in any individual BARD1-specific study, including 38 p.Q564X mutations. The p.Q564X was associated with a moderately increased risk of BC (OR = 2.30, p = 0.04). The estimated risk was even higher for triple-negative BC and bilateral BC. As expected, the two tested variants of unknown significance did not show significant associations with BC risk. Our study provides substantial evidence for the association of a deleterious BARD1 mutation with BC as a low/moderate risk allele. The p.Q564X was shown to be a Central European recurrent mutation with potential relevance for future genetic testing.
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8
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Zavala VA, Serrano-Gomez SJ, Dutil J, Fejerman L. Genetic Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Latin America. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E153. [PMID: 30781715 PMCID: PMC6410045 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The last 10 years witnessed an acceleration of our understanding of what genetic factors underpin the risk of breast cancer. Rare high- and moderate-penetrance variants such as those in the BRCA genes account for a small proportion of the familial risk of breast cancer. Low-penetrance alleles are expected to underlie the remaining heritability. By now, there are about 180 genetic polymorphisms that are associated with risk, most of them of modest effect. In combination, they can be used to identify women at the lowest or highest ends of the risk spectrum, which might lead to more efficient cancer prevention strategies. Most of these variants were discovered in populations of European descent. As a result, we might be failing to discover additional polymorphisms that could explain risk in other groups. This review highlights breast cancer genetic epidemiology studies conducted in Latin America, and summarizes the information that they provide, with special attention to similarities and differences with studies in other populations. It includes studies of common variants, as well as moderate- and high-penetrance variants. In addition, it addresses the gaps that need to be bridged in order to better understand breast cancer genetic risk in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Zavala
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-1793, USA.
| | - Silvia J Serrano-Gomez
- Grupo de investigación en biología del cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia.
| | - Julie Dutil
- Cancer Biology Division, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00732, USA.
| | - Laura Fejerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-1793, USA.
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Asphaug L, Melberg HO. The Cost-Effectiveness of Multigene Panel Testing for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer in Norway. MDM Policy Pract 2019; 4:2381468318821103. [PMID: 30746499 PMCID: PMC6360477 DOI: 10.1177/2381468318821103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Expansion of routine genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer from conventional BRCA testing to a multigene test could improve diagnostic yield and increase the opportunity for cancer prevention in both identified carriers and their relatives. We use an economic decision model to assess whether the current knowledge on non-BRCA mutation prevalence, cancer risk, and patient preferences justifies switching to a multigene panel for testing of early-onset breast cancer patients. Methods. We evaluated routine testing by BRCA testing, a 7-gene panel, and a 14-gene panel using individual-level simulations of annual health state transitions over a lifetime perspective. Breast and ovarian cancer incidence is reduced and posttreatment survival is improved when high-risk mutations are detected and risk-reducing treatment offered. Most model inputs were synthesized from published literature. Intermediate health outcomes included breast and ovarian cancer incidence rates, along with organ-specific cancer mortality. Cost-effectiveness outcomes were health sector costs and quality-adjusted life years. Results. Intermediate health outcomes improved by testing with multigene panels. At a cost-effectiveness threshold of $77,000, a 7-gene panel test with five non-BRCA genes was the optimal strategy with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $53,310 per quality-adjusted life year compared to BRCA-only testing. Limitations. Unable to stratify carriers to specific mutations within genes, we can only make predictions on the gene level, with combined risk estimates for known variants. As mutation prevalence is the absolute upper bound of returns to more expansive testing, the rarity of modelled mutations makes analysis outcomes sensitive to model implementation. Conclusions. A 7-gene panel to diagnose hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in early-onset breast cancer patients can be a cost-effective alternative to current BRCA-only testing in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Asphaug
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Olav Melberg
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Cimmino F, Formicola D, Capasso M. Dualistic Role of BARD1 in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120375. [PMID: 29292755 PMCID: PMC5748693 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 Associated RING Domain 1 (BARD1) encodes a protein which interacts with the N-terminal region of BRCA1 in vivo and in vitro. The full length (FL) BARD1 mRNA includes 11 exons and encodes a protein comprising of six domains (N-terminal RING-finger domain, three Ankyrin repeats and two C-terminal BRCT domains) with different functions. Emerging data suggest that BARD1 can have both tumor-suppressor gene and oncogene functions in tumor initiation and progression. Indeed, whereas FL BARD1 protein acts as tumor-suppressor with and without BRCA1 interactions, aberrant splice variants of BARD1 have been detected in various cancers and have been shown to play an oncogenic role. Further evidence for a dualistic role came with the identification of BARD1 as a neuroblastoma predisposition gene in our genome wide association study which has demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms in BARD1 can correlate with risk or can protect against cancer based on their association with the expression of FL and splice variants of BARD1. This review is an overview of how BARD1 functions in tumorigenesis with opposite effects in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Daniela Formicola
- IRCCS SDN, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, 80143 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
- IRCCS SDN, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, 80143 Naples, Italy.
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11
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New concepts on BARD1: Regulator of BRCA pathways and beyond. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 72:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Analysis of large mutations in BARD1 in patients with breast and/or ovarian cancer: the Polish population as an example. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10424. [PMID: 25994375 PMCID: PMC4439969 DOI: 10.1038/srep10424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Only approximately 50% of all familial breast cancers can be explained by known genetic factors, including mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. One of the most extensively studied candidates for breast and/or ovarian cancer susceptibility is BARD1. Although it was suggested that large mutations may contribute substantially to the deleterious variants of BARD1, no systematic study of the large mutations in BARD1 has been performed. To further elucidate the role of large mutations in BARD1, we designed a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay and performed an analysis of 504 women with a familial breast and/or ovarian cancer and 313 patients with ovarian cancer. The investigation did not reveal any large mutations in the BARD1 gene. Although the analysis was not focused on identification of small mutations, we detected seven deleterious or potentially deleterious point mutations, which contribute substantially to the total number of BARD1 mutations detected so far. In conclusion, although we cannot exclude the presence of large mutations in BARD1, our study indicates that such mutations do not contribute substantially to the risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer. However, it has to be noted that our results may be specific to the Polish population.
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The BARD1 Cys557Ser variant and risk of familial breast cancer in a South-American population. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8091-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lack of association between BARD1 Cys557Ser variant and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 11,870 cases and 7,687 controls. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:1463-8. [PMID: 21809034 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The BRCA1-associated RING domain (BARD1) gene has been identified as a high-penetrance gene for breast cancer, whose germline and somatic mutations were reported in both non-BRCA1/2 hereditary site-specific and sporadic breast cancer cases. Some association studies suggested that the BRAD1 Cys557Ser variant might be associated with increased risk of breast cancer, but the results remain conflicting rather than conclusive. In order to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, this meta-analysis was performed. METHODS Eligible studies were identified by searching several databases for relevant reports published before March 2011. In total, 14 studies (11,870 cases and 7,687 controls) were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for breast cancer risk associated with Cys557Ser carrier was estimated. RESULTS The carrier frequency of the Cys557Ser mutation was 3.85% (457/11,870) in patients with breast cancer and 3.29% (253/7,687) in healthy controls. When all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis, there was no evidence for significant association between Cys557Ser mutation and breast cancer risk (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.94-1.34). In the subgroup analyses by design of experiment and family history with BRCA1/2 status (unselected cases, family history with non-BRCA1/2 cases, and family history with BRCA1/2-positive cases), no significant associations were found in any subgroup of population. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis strongly suggests that BARD1 Cys557Ser mutation is not associated with increased breast cancer risk.
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Rebbeck TR, Mitra N, Domchek SM, Wan F, Friebel TM, Tran TV, Singer CF, Tea MKM, Blum JL, Tung N, Olopade OI, Weitzel JN, Lynch HT, Snyder CL, Garber JE, Antoniou AC, Peock S, Evans DG, Paterson J, Kennedy MJ, Donaldson A, Dorkins H, Easton DF, Rubinstein WS, Daly MB, Isaacs C, Nevanlinna H, Couch FJ, Andrulis IL, Freidman E, Laitman Y, Ganz PA, Tomlinson GE, Neuhausen SL, Narod SA, Phelan CM, Greenberg R, Nathanson KL. Modification of BRCA1-Associated Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk by BRCA1-Interacting Genes. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5792-805. [PMID: 21799032 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inherited BRCA1 mutations confer elevated cancer risk. Recent studies have identified genes that encode proteins that interact with BRCA1 as modifiers of BRCA1-associated breast cancer. We evaluated a comprehensive set of genes that encode most known BRCA1 interactors to evaluate the role of these genes as modifiers of cancer risk. A cohort of 2,825 BRCA1 mutation carriers was used to evaluate the association of haplotypes at ATM, BRCC36, BRCC45 (BRE), BRIP1 (BACH1/FANCJ), CTIP, ABRA1 (FAM175A), MERIT40, MRE11A, NBS1, PALB2 (FANCN), RAD50, RAD51, RAP80, and TOPBP1, and was associated with time to breast and ovarian cancer diagnosis. Statistically significant false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted P values for overall association of haplotypes (P(FDR)) with breast cancer were identified at ATM (P(FDR) = 0.029), BRCC45 (P(FDR) = 0.019), BRIP1 (P(FDR) = 0.008), CTIP (P(FDR) = 0.017), MERIT40 (P(FDR) = 0.019), NBS1 (P(FDR) = 0.003), RAD50 (P(FDR) = 0.014), and TOPBP1 (P(FDR) = 0.011). Haplotypes at ABRA1 (P(FDR) = 0.007), BRCC45 (P(FDR) = 0.016 and P(FDR) = 0.005 in two haplotype blocks), and RAP80 (P(FDR) < 0.001) were associated with ovarian cancer risk. Overall, the data suggest that genomic variation at multiple loci that encode proteins that interact biologically with BRCA1 are associated with modified breast cancer and ovarian cancer risk in women who carry BRCA1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Rebbeck
- Abramson Cancer Center, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania Perleman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Spurdle AB, Marquart L, McGuffog L, Healey S, Sinilnikova O, Wan F, Chen X, Beesley J, Singer CF, Dressler AC, Gschwantler-Kaulich D, Blum JL, Tung N, Weitzel J, Lynch H, Garber J, Easton DF, Peock S, Cook M, Oliver CT, Frost D, Conroy D, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Eeles R, Izatt L, Davidson R, Chu C, Eccles D, Selkirk CG, Daly M, Isaacs C, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Sinilnikova OM, Buecher B, Belotti M, Mazoyer S, Barjhoux L, Verny-Pierre C, Lasset C, Dreyfus H, Pujol P, Collonge-Rame MA, Rookus MA, Verhoef S, Kriege M, Hoogerbrugge N, Ausems MGEM, van Os TA, Wijnen J, Devilee P, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, Blok MJ, Heikkinen T, Nevanlinna H, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Huzarski T, Byrski T, Durocher F, Couch FJ, Lindor NM, Wang X, Thomassen M, Domchek S, Nathanson K, Caligo M, Jernström H, Liljegren A, Ehrencrona H, Karlsson P, Ganz PA, Olopade OI, Tomlinson G, Neuhausen S, Antoniou AC, Chenevix-Trench G, Rebbeck TR. Common genetic variation at BARD1 is not associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1032-8. [PMID: 21393566 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations confer elevated breast cancer risk. Knowledge of factors that can improve breast cancer risk assessment in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers may improve personalized cancer prevention strategies. METHODS A cohort of 5,546 BRCA1 and 2,865 BRCA2 mutation carriers was used to evaluate risk of breast cancer associated with BARD1 Cys557Ser. In a second nonindependent cohort of 1,537 of BRCA1 and 839 BRCA2 mutation carriers, BARD1 haplotypes were also evaluated. RESULTS The BARD1 Cys557Ser variant was not significantly associated with risk of breast cancer from single SNP analysis, with a pooled effect estimate of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.71-1.15) in BRCA1 carriers and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.59-1.29) in BRCA2 carriers. Further analysis of haplotypes at BARD1 also revealed no evidence that additional common genetic variation not captured by Cys557Ser was associated with breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION Evidence to date does not support a role for BARD1 variation, including the Cy557Ser variant, as a modifier of risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. IMPACT Interactors of BRCA1/2 have been implicated as modifiers of BRCA1/2-associated cancer risk. Our finding that BARD1 does not contribute to this risk modification may focus research on other genes that do modify BRCA1/2-associated cancer risk.
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Ratajska M, Antoszewska E, Piskorz A, Brozek I, Borg Å, Kusmierek H, Biernat W, Limon J. Cancer predisposing BARD1 mutations in breast-ovarian cancer families. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 131:89-97. [PMID: 21344236 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The breast cancer susceptibility gene BARD1 (BRCA1-associated RING domain protein, MIM# 601593) acts with BRCA1 in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and also in apoptosis initiation. We screened 109 BRCA1/2 negative high-risk breast and/or ovarian cancer patients from North-Eastern Poland for BARD1 germline mutations using a combination of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing. We identified 16 different BARD1 sequence variants, five of which are novel. Three of them were suspected to be pathogenic, including a protein truncating nonsense mutation (c.1690C>T, p.Gln564X), a splice mutation (c.1315-2A>G) resulting in exon 5 skipping, and a silent change (c.1977A>G) which alters several exonic splicing enhancer motifs in exon 10 and results in a transcript lacking exons 2-9. Our findings suggest that BARD1 mutations may be regarded as cancer risk alleles and warrant further investigation to determine their actual contribution to non-BRCA1/2 breast and ovarian cancer families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ratajska
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
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Sabatier R, Adélaïde J, Finetti P, Ferrari A, Huiart L, Sobol H, Chaffanet M, Birnbaum D, Bertucci F. BARD1 homozygous deletion, a possible alternative to BRCA1 mutation in basal breast cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 49:1143-51. [PMID: 20842729 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary breast cancers (BCs) are incompletely explained by BRCA genes abnormalities, as ∼70% of them are not associated with known genetic alterations. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) of tumors provides an opportunity for identifying new BC susceptibility genes. By analyzing our database of high-resolution aCGH profiles of 330 BCs, we identified a case with homozygous deletion of the entire BARD1 gene. The BARD1-deleted case displayed a familial history of BC and other clinico-pathological features of BRCAness, and a 17% probability of BRCA1/2 mutation. Analysis of constitutional DNA showed a BARD1 germline heterozygous deletion without BRCA1/2 mutation. Gene expression analysis using DNA microarrays classified the tumor as basal-like, with very low BARD1 and ID4 expression, but high expression of BRCA1, RAD51, PARP1, CHEK1, and FANCA. The tumor displayed a BRCA1-mutated expression profile. This is the first report of a non-BRCA1/2-mutated BC with somatic homozygous and germ-line heterozygous deletion of the entire BARD1 gene. This observation suggests that BARD1 might be a BC susceptibility gene that follows the Knudson rule. Identification of BARD1 deletion could have clinical applications including screening for hereditary forms. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Sabatier
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM/UMR891, Marseille, France
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Genetic sequence variations of BRCA1-interacting genes AURKA, BAP1, BARD1 and DHX9 in French Canadian Families with high risk of breast cancer. J Hum Genet 2009; 54:152-61. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2009.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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The BARD1 Cys557Ser polymorphism and breast cancer risk: an Australian case-control and family analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 115:145-50. [PMID: 18481171 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BARD1 was first identified as a BRCA1-interacting protein with tumour-suppressor functions. Some association studies suggested that the BARD1 Cys557Ser variant might be associated with increased risk of breast cancer, but the evidence remains uncertain. We found that the BARD1 Cys557Ser variant was carried by 50 of 1,136 cases (4.4%) and 30 of 623 controls (5.0%) from the population-based Australian Breast Cancer Family Study, 14 of 324 (4.3%) cases from the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab), and 30 of 760 controls (4.0%) from the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study. Case-control comparisons showed no evidence that the variant frequency differed by case-control status (P >or= 0.3). Segregation analysis of 14 kConFab variant-carrying families containing 157 genotyped individuals provided no evidence of segregation with disease. We conclude that the BARD1 Cys557Ser variant is not associated with breast cancer risk.
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