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Ma T, Wang X, Wang Y, Hao Y, Yang X, Yan X, Huang Q, Li Z, Cong B, Li D. Curcumin analogue AC17-loaded dissolvable microneedles activate FOXO3 and enhance localized drug delivery for oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124385. [PMID: 38925237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from turmeric, is a potential alternative for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) due to its remarkable anticancer activity and low systemic toxicity. To further enhance the anticancer activity and bioavailability of curcumin, we synthesized a curcumin analogue, AC17, by modifying the benzene ring and methylene group of curcumin. A soluble hyaluronic acid microneedle patch (AC17@HAMN) was developed to ensure accurate and safe delivery of AC17 to tumor tissues. The inhibitory effect of AC17 on OSCC cells was stronger than that of curcumin and some common analogues. Transcriptome sequencing showed that the target genes of AC17 were mainly concentrated in apoptosis, cell cycle and cell senescence pathways. Among them, AC17 induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits cell proliferation mainly by activating FOXO3 signaling. With good penetration and dissolution properties, microneedles can deliver AC17 directly to the tumor site and show good anti-tumor effect. Moreover, AC17@HAMN showed good biosafety. In summary, AC17@HAMN offers high efficiency, minimal invasiveness, and few adverse reactions. This microneedle patch holds great promise for potential clinical applications, especially for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyu Ma
- School of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China
| | - Yaozhong Wang
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China
| | - Yuanping Hao
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China
| | - Xinting Yang
- School of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Qihang Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Stomatology Department of Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Beibei Cong
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China.
| | - Dechao Li
- School of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China.
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2
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Palomer X, Salvador JM, Griñán-Ferré C, Barroso E, Pallàs M, Vázquez-Carrera M. GADD45A: With or without you. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1375-1403. [PMID: 38264852 DOI: 10.1002/med.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The growth arrest and DNA damage inducible (GADD)45 family includes three small and ubiquitously distributed proteins (GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G) that regulate numerous cellular processes associated with stress signaling and injury response. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the current literature investigating GADD45A, the first discovered member of the family. We first depict how its levels are regulated by a myriad of genotoxic and non-genotoxic stressors, and through the combined action of intricate transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and even, posttranslational mechanisms. GADD45A is a recognized tumor suppressor and, for this reason, we next summarize its role in cancer, as well as the different mechanisms by which it regulates cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Beyond these most well-known actions, GADD45A may also influence catabolic and anabolic pathways in the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, among others. Not surprisingly, GADD45A may trigger AMP-activated protein kinase activity, a master regulator of metabolism, and is known to act as a transcriptional coregulator of numerous nuclear receptors. GADD45A has also been reported to display a cytoprotective role by regulating inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress in several organs and tissues, and is regarded an important contributor for the development of heart failure. Overall data point to that GADD45A may play an important role in metabolic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and also autoimmune-related disorders. Thus, the potential mechanisms by which dysregulation of GADD45A activity may contribute to the progression of these diseases are also reviewed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M Salvador
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (NeuroUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (NeuroUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Wang Q, Bode AM, Zhang T. Targeting CDK1 in cancer: mechanisms and implications. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:58. [PMID: 37311884 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine kinases that are proposed as promising candidate targets for cancer treatment. These proteins complexed with cyclins play a critical role in cell cycle progression. Most CDKs demonstrate substantially higher expression in cancer tissues compared with normal tissues and, according to the TCGA database, correlate with survival rate in multiple cancer types. Deregulation of CDK1 has been shown to be closely associated with tumorigenesis. CDK1 activation plays a critical role in a wide range of cancer types; and CDK1 phosphorylation of its many substrates greatly influences their function in tumorigenesis. Enrichment of CDK1 interacting proteins with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted to demonstrate that the associated proteins participate in multiple oncogenic pathways. This abundance of evidence clearly supports CDK1 as a promising target for cancer therapy. A number of small molecules targeting CDK1 or multiple CDKs have been developed and evaluated in preclinical studies. Notably, some of these small molecules have also been subjected to human clinical trials. This review evaluates the mechanisms and implications of targeting CDK1 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
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4
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Humayun A, Fornace AJ. GADD45 in Stress Signaling, Cell Cycle Control, and Apoptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1360:1-22. [PMID: 35505159 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94804-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GADD45 is a gene family consisting of GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G that is often induced by DNA damage and other stress signals associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. Many of these roles are carried out via signaling mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The GADD45 proteins can contribute to p38 activation either by activation of upstream kinase(s) or by direct interaction, as well as suppression of p38 activity in certain cases. In vivo, there are important tissue and cell type specific differences in the roles for GADD45 in MAPK signaling. In addition to being p53-regulated, GADD45A has also been found to contribute to p53 activation via p38. Like other stress and signaling proteins, GADD45 proteins show complex regulation and numerous effectors. More recently, aberrant GADD45 expression has been found in several human cancers, but the mechanisms behind these findings largely remain to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslon Humayun
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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5
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Hoffman MJ, Takizawa A, Jensen ES, Schilling R, Grzybowski M, Geurts AM, Dwinell MR. Btg2 mutation induces renal injury and impairs blood pressure control in female rats. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:231-241. [PMID: 35503009 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00167.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a complex disease influenced by heritable genetic elements and environmental interactions. Dietary salt is among the most influential modifiable factors contributing to increased blood pressure (BP). It is well established that men and women develop BP impairment in different patterns and a recent emphasis has been placed on identifying mechanisms leading to the differences observed between the sexes in HTN development. The current work reported here builds on an extensive genetic mapping experiment which sought to identify genetic determinants of salt sensitive (SS) HTN using the Dahl SS rat. BTG anti-proliferation factor 2 (Btg2) was previously identified by our group as a candidate gene contributing to SS HTN in female rats. In the current study, Btg2 was mutated using TALEN targeted gene disruption on the SSBN congenic rat background. The Btg2 mutated rats exhibited impaired BP and proteinuria responses to a high salt diet compared to wild type rats. Differences in body weight, mutant pup viability, skeletal morphology, and adult nephron density suggest a potential role for Btg2 in developmental signaling pathways. Subsequent cell cycle gene expression assessment provides several additional signaling pathways that Btg2 may function through during salt handling in the kidney. The expression analysis also identified several potential upstream targets that can be explored to further isolate therapeutic approaches for SS HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Hoffman
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Akiko Takizawa
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Eric S Jensen
- Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Rebecca Schilling
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael Grzybowski
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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6
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Li B, Xiao Q, Shan L, Song Y. NCAPH promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis of bladder cancer cells through MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:427-438. [PMID: 34974790 PMCID: PMC8855866 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.2021050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers world-wide with a poor prognosis. Non-SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes)-condensin I complex subunit H (NCAPH) is a regulatory subunit of the condensin I complex and plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression in several types of cancers. However, the role of NCAPH in BC remains unknown. In this study, we tried to reveal the biological functions of NCAPH in BC. We detected the expressions of NCAPH in BC and adjacent tissues, and BC cells lines. Subsequently, the gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to determine the effects of NCAPH on BC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in vitro. Moreover, we used BALB/c nude mice and established a xenograft model to investigate whether silence NCAPH using shRNA targeting NCAPH (shNCAPH) can inhibit BC tumor growth in vivo. The results showed NCAPH was overexpressed in BC tissues compared to adjacent tissues and highly expressed in BC cell lines. Additionally, overexpression of NCAPH promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in SW780 cells. Conversely, knockdown of NCAPH reduced cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in UMUC3 cells. Furthermore, we found that the NCAPH activated the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in BC cells. MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 blocked the increase of cell proliferation regulated by NCAPH overexpression. Knockdown of NCAPH significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice. Our results suggest that NCAPH might play an important role in BC progression and provide the potential marker in the diagnosis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of President’s Office, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liping Shan
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongsheng Song
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,CONTACT Yongsheng Song Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning110004, China, +86-24-96615-34211
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7
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Savard C, Gawhary S, Boyer A, Chorfi Y. Assessment of Zearalenone-Induced Cell Survival and of Global Gene Regulation in Mouse TM4 Sertoli Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020098. [PMID: 35202126 PMCID: PMC8874968 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a non-steroidal xenoestrogen mycotoxin produced by many Fusarium fungal species, which are common contaminants of cereal crops destined for worldwide human and animal consumption. ZEA has been reported in various male reproduction dysfonctions, including decreased fertility potential. In this report, the direct effect of ZEA on the immature Sertoli TM4 cell line was evaluated. The results show that high concentrations of ZEA increase reactive oxygen species via the activation of MAPK signaling. Transcriptome analysis was performed on the TM4 cell line treated with ZEA, and genes involved in sex differentiation (Fgfr2, Igf1, Notch1, Sox9) and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation (Ctgf, Fam20a, Fbn1, Mmp9, Postn, Sparcl1, Spp1) were identified at the center of the functional protein association network, suggesting that ZEA could be detrimental to the early steps of Sertoli cell differentiation.
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8
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Rozenberg JM, Zvereva S, Dalina A, Blatov I, Zubarev I, Luppov D, Bessmertnyi A, Romanishin A, Alsoulaiman L, Kumeiko V, Kagansky A, Melino G, Ganini C, Barlev NA. The p53 family member p73 in the regulation of cell stress response. Biol Direct 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 34749806 PMCID: PMC8577020 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cells become unrestrictedly proliferative thereby altering the tissue homeostasis and resulting in subsequent hyperplasia. This process is paralleled by resumption of cell cycle, aberrant DNA repair and blunting the apoptotic program in response to DNA damage. In most human cancers these processes are associated with malfunctioning of tumor suppressor p53. Intriguingly, in some cases two other members of the p53 family of proteins, transcription factors p63 and p73, can compensate for loss of p53. Although both p63 and p73 can bind the same DNA sequences as p53 and their transcriptionally active isoforms are able to regulate the expression of p53-dependent genes, the strongest overlap with p53 functions was detected for p73. Surprisingly, unlike p53, the p73 is rarely lost or mutated in cancers. On the contrary, its inactive isoforms are often overexpressed in cancer. In this review, we discuss several lines of evidence that cancer cells develop various mechanisms to repress p73-mediated cell death. Moreover, p73 isoforms may promote cancer growth by enhancing an anti-oxidative response, the Warburg effect and by repressing senescence. Thus, we speculate that the role of p73 in tumorigenesis can be ambivalent and hence, requires new therapeutic strategies that would specifically repress the oncogenic functions of p73, while keeping its tumor suppressive properties intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Rozenberg
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Zvereva
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Dalina
- The Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Blatov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ilya Zubarev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daniil Luppov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Romanishin
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.,School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Lamak Alsoulaiman
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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9
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Li C, Peng Z, Zhou Y, Su Y, Bu P, Meng X, Li B, Xu Y. Comprehensive analysis of pathological changes in hip joint capsule of patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:558-570. [PMID: 34465146 PMCID: PMC8479563 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.109.bjr-2020-0421.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a complex musculoskeletal disease that occurs mostly in children. This study aimed to investigate the molecular changes in the hip joint capsule of patients with DDH. Methods High-throughput sequencing was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed in hip joint capsules between healthy controls and DDH patients. Biological assays including cell cycle, viability, apoptosis, immunofluorescence, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blotting were performed to determine the roles of the differentially expressed genes in DDH pathology. Results More than 1,000 genes were differentially expressed in hip joint capsules between healthy controls and DDH. Both gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM) modifications, muscle system processes, and cell proliferation were markedly influenced by the differentially expressed genes. Expression of Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain (COL1A1), COL3A1, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1), MMP3, MMP9, and MMP13 was downregulated in DDH, with the loss of collagen fibres in the joint capsule. Expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) was downregulated, while that of TGF-β2, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3), and WNT11 were upregulated in DDH, and alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), a key myofibroblast marker, showed marginal increase. In vitro studies showed that fibroblast proliferation was suppressed in DDH, which was associated with cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 and G2/M phases. Cell cycle regulators including Cyclin B1 (CCNB1), Cyclin E2 (CCNE2), Cyclin A2 (CCNA2), Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), E2F1, cell division cycle 6 (CDC6), and CDC7 were downregulated in DDH. Conclusion DDH is associated with the loss of collagen fibres and fibroblasts, which may cause loose joint capsule formation. However, the degree of differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts needs further study. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(9):558–570.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Orthopaedic Department, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - You Zhou
- Orthopaedic Department, Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongyue Su
- Orthopaedic Department, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Pengfei Bu
- Orthopaedic Department, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Xuhan Meng
- Orthopaedic Department, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Li
- Orthopaedic Department, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Yongqing Xu
- Orthopaedic Department, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
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10
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Wang Y, Ruan Y, Wu S. ET-1 regulates the human umbilical vein endothelial cell cycle by adjusting the ERβ/FOXN1 signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1499. [PMID: 33313244 PMCID: PMC7729364 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic and progressive disease primarily induced by inflammation of the arterial blood vessel wall. Investigating the function and molecular regulation mechanisms of ET-1, ERβ, and FOXN1 in disease models will provide new targets and means for clinical treatment. Methods The effects of ET-1 on oxidative stress in HUVEC were verified through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, flow cytometry, as well as dual luciferase reporter gene and biochemical assays. Results Compared with the ET-1+ negative control (NC) group, the ERβ messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression level was significantly reduced, and the FOXN1 mRNA expression level increased markedly in the ET-1 + ERβ small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) group. Meanwhile, the FOXN1 mRNA expression level was significantly reduced in the ET-1 + FOXN1 siRNA group. FOXN1 promoter luciferase reporter gene activity was notably enhanced in the ERβ siRNA group compared with the siRNA control group. Compared with the ET-1 + NC group, the levels of reaction oxygen species (ROS) in the ET-1 + ERβ siRNA group increased considerably, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was significantly reduced, and the G0/G1 phase cell ratio was reduced. In addition, the protein expression of ERβ and cyclin B1 (CCNB1) was markedly reduced, whereas the protein expression of cyclin A2 (CCNA2), cyclin D1 (CCND1), and cyclin E1 (CCNE1) increased substantially. The opposite result was observed in the ET-1 + FOXN1 siRNA group. Conclusions ET-1 can contribute to the expression of ERβ and FOXN1. ERβ can inhibit the expression of FOXN1 by regulating promoter activity. The ET-1/ERβ/FOXN1 signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and cycle progression in HUVEC. This study provides a new mechanism for the regulation of umbilical vein endothelial cells. The ET-1/ERβ/FOXN1 signaling pathway may provide novel therapeutic targets and strategies for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjun Ruan
- Department of Gerontology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saizhu Wu
- Department of Gerontology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Abstract
Breast cancer, a malignant tumor originating from mammary epithelial tissue, is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Challenges facing the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer necessitate the search for new mechanisms and drugs to improve outcomes. Estrogen receptor (ER) is considered to be important for determining the diagnosis and treatment strategy. The discovery of the second estrogen receptor, ERβ, provides an opportunity to understand estrogen action. The emergence of ERβ can be traced back to 1996. Over the past 20 years, an increasing body of evidence has implicated the vital effect of ERβ in breast cancer. Although there is controversy among scholars, ERβ is generally thought to have antiproliferative effects in disease progression. This review summarizes available evidence regarding the involvement of ERβ in the clinical treatment and prognosis of breast cancer and describes signaling pathways associated with ERβ. We hope to highlight the potential of ERβ as a therapeutic target.
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12
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Lei Y, Gan H, Huang Y, Chen Y, Chen L, Shan A, Zhao H, Wu M, Li X, Ma Q, Wang J, Zhang E, Zhang J, Li Y, Xue F, Deng L. Digitoxin inhibits proliferation of multidrug-resistant HepG2 cells through G 2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:71. [PMID: 32863904 PMCID: PMC7436926 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a challenge in the medical field due to its high malignancy and mortality rates particularly for HCC, which has developed multidrug resistance. Therefore, the identification of efficient chemotherapeutic drugs for multidrug resistant HCC has become an urgent issue. Natural products have always been of significance in drug discovery. In the present study, a cell-based method was used to screen a natural compound library, which consisted of 78 compounds, and the doxorubicin-resistant cancer cell line, HepG2/ADM, as screening tools. The findings of the present study led to the shortlisting of one of the compounds, digitoxin, which displayed an inhibitory effect on HepG2/ADM cells, with 50% inhibitory concentration values of 132.65±3.83, 52.29±6.26, and 9.13±3.67 nM for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Immunofluorescence, western blotting and cell cycle analyses revealed that digitoxin induced G2/M cell cycle arrest via the serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR (ATR)-serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (CHK2)-M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 (CDC25C) signaling pathway in HepG2/ADM cells, which may have resulted from a DNA double-stranded break. Digitoxin also induced mitochondrial apoptosis, which was characterized by changes in the interaction between Bcl-2 and Bax, the release of cytochrome c, as well as the activation of the caspase-3 and −9. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report that digitoxin displays an anti-HCC effect on HepG2/ADM cells through G2/M cell cycle arrest, which was mediated by the ATR-CHK2-CDC25C signaling pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis. Therefore, digitoxin could be a promising chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518034, P.R. China
| | - Hua Gan
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518034, P.R. China
| | - Aiyun Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518034, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Mansi Wu
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Enxin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518034, P.R. China
| | - Jiayan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanxiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Xue
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Formula Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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13
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Guo J, Zhang J, Liang L, Liu N, Qi M, Zhao S, Su J, Liu J, Peng C, Chen X, Liu H. Potent USP10/13 antagonist spautin-1 suppresses melanoma growth via ROS-mediated DNA damage and exhibits synergy with cisplatin. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4324-4340. [PMID: 32129945 PMCID: PMC7171391 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most invasive tumours. However, effective therapeutic strategies are limited, and overall survival rates remain low. By utilizing transcriptomic profiling, tissue array and molecular biology, we revealed that two key ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), ubiquitin-specific peptidase10 (USP10) and ubiquitin-specific peptidase10 (USP13), were significantly elevated in melanoma at the mRNA and protein levels. Spautin-1 has been reported as a USP10 and USP13 antagonist, and we demonstrated that spautin-1 has potent anti-tumour effects as reflected by MTS and the colony formation assays in various melanoma cell lines without cytotoxic effects in HaCaT and JB6 cell lines. Mechanistically, we identified apoptosis and ROS-mediated DNA damage as critical mechanisms underlying the spautin-1-mediated anti-tumour effect by utilizing transcriptomics, qRT-PCR validation, flow cytometry, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Importantly, by screening spautin-1 with targeted or chemotherapeutic drugs, we showed that spautin-1 exhibited synergy with cisplatin in the treatment of melanoma. Pre-clinically, we demonstrated that spautin-1 significantly attenuated tumour growth in a cell line-derived xenograft mouse model, and its anti-tumour effect was further enhanced by cotreatment with cisplatin. Taken together, our study revealed a novel molecular mechanism of spautin-1 effecting in melanoma and identified a potential therapeutic strategy in treatment of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
| | - JiangLing Zhang
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
| | - Long Liang
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical GeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer ImmunotherapyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Juan Su
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer ImmunotherapyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical GeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer ImmunotherapyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer ImmunotherapyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer ImmunotherapyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Research Center of Molecular MetabolomicsXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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14
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Dunphy KA, Black AL, Roberts AL, Sharma A, Li Z, Suresh S, Browne EP, Arcaro KF, Ser-Dolansky J, Bigelow C, Troester MA, Schneider SS, Makari-Judson G, Crisi GM, Jerry DJ. Inter-Individual Variation in Response to Estrogen in Human Breast Explants. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:51-68. [PMID: 32152951 PMCID: PMC7147970 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to estrogen is strongly associated with increased breast cancer risk. While all women are exposed to estrogen, only 12% are expected to develop breast cancer during their lifetime. These women may be more sensitive to estrogen, as rodent models have demonstrated variability in estrogen sensitivity. Our objective was to determine individual variation in expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen-induced responses in the normal human breast. Human breast tissue from female donors undergoing reduction mammoplasty surgery were collected for microarray analysis of ER expression. To examine estrogen-induced responses, breast tissue from 23 female donors were cultured ex- vivo in basal or 10 nM 17β-estradiol (E2) media for 4 days. Expression of ER genes (ESR1 and ESR2) increased significantly with age. E2 induced consistent increases in global gene transcription, but expression of target genes AREG, PGR, and TGFβ2 increased significantly only in explants from nulliparous women. E2-treatment did not induce consistent changes in proliferation or radiation induced apoptosis. Responses to estrogen are highly variable among women and not associated with levels of ER expression, suggesting differences in intracellular signaling among individuals. The differences in sensitivity to E2-stimulated responses may contribute to variation in risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Dunphy
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Amye L Black
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Amy L Roberts
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Aman Sharma
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Zida Li
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sneha Suresh
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Eva P Browne
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen F Arcaro
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Carol Bigelow
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sallie S Schneider
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Grace Makari-Judson
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School/Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Giovanna M Crisi
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School/Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences, Springfield, MA, USA
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15
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Liu ZH, Li YW, Hu W, Chen QL, Shen YJ. Mechanisms involved in tributyltin-enhanced aggressive behaviors and fear responses in male zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 220:105408. [PMID: 31935571 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), an aromatase inhibitor, has been found to disrupt gametogenesis and reproductive behavior in several fish species. However, whether TBT is capable of affecting other behaviors such as aggressive behavior and fear response in fish and the underlying mode(s) of action remain unclear. To study aggressive behavior, adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) males were continuously exposed to two nominal concentrations of TBT (TBT-low, 100 ng/L and TBT-high, 500 ng/L) for 28 days. To study the fear response, the fish were divided into four groups (Blank and Control, 0 ng/L TBT; TBT-low, 100 ng/L; and TBT-high, 500 ng/L). The fish were then treated with DW (Blank) or with alarm substance (AS) (Control, TBT-low and TBT-high). After exposure, the aggressive behavior of the fish was tested using the mirror test (mirror-biting frequency, approaches to the mirror and duration in approach zone).and fighting test (fish-biting frequency) The mirror-biting frequency, approaches to the mirror, duration in approach zone and fish-biting frequency of the TBT-exposed fish increased significantly compared to those of the control fish, indicating enhanced aggressive behavior. The fear response parameters tested using the novel tank dive test (onset time to the higher half, total duration in the lower half and the frequency of turning) of the TBT-exposed fish were also significantly increased after AS administration, suggesting an enhanced fear response. Further investigation revealed that TBT treatment elevated the plasma level of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and decreased the plasma level of estradiol (E2) in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, TBT up-regulated the mRNA levels of ar, c-fos and bdnf1, and suppressed the expression of btg-2 in fish. In addition, exposure to AS increased the plasma level of cortisol and down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in 5-HT synthesis (such as tph1b and pet1) in both control and TBT-treated fish. AS significantly suppressed the mRNA level of tph1b, tph2, pet1 and npy in the TBT-high group compared to the control fish. The present study demonstrates that TBT enhances aggressive behavior and fear responses in male zebrafish probably through altering plasma levels of 11-KT, E2 and cortisol and altering the expression of genes involved in the regulation of aggressive behavior (ar, c-fos, bdnf1 and btg-2) and fear responses (tph1b, tph2, pet1 and npy). The present study greatly extends our understanding of the behavioral toxicity of TBT to fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Ying-Wen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi-Liang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yan-Jun Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
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16
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Liu M, Du Y, Li H, Wang L, Ponikwicka-Tyszko D, Lebiedzinska W, Pilaszewicz-Puza A, Liu H, Zhou L, Fan H, Wang M, You H, Wolczynnski S, Rahman N, Guo YD, Li X. Cyanidin-3-o-Glucoside Pharmacologically Inhibits Tumorigenesis via Estrogen Receptor β in Melanoma Mice. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1110. [PMID: 31696058 PMCID: PMC6817467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression patterns of estrogen receptors [ERα, ERβ, and G-protein associated ER (GPER)] in melanoma and skin may suggest their differential roles in carcinogenesis. Phytoestrogenic compound cyanidin-3-o-glucoside (C3G) has been shown to inhibit the growth and metastatic potential of melanoma, although the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of action of C3G in melanoma in vitro and in vivo, as well as to characterize the functional expressions of ERs in melanoma. In normal skin or melanoma (n = 20/each), no ERα protein was detectable, whereas expression of ERβ was high in skin but weak focal or negative in melanoma; and finally high expression of GPER in all skin vs. 50% melanoma tissues (10/20) was found. These results correspond with our analysis of the melanoma survival rates (SRs) from Human Protein Atlas and The Cancer Genome Atlas GDC (362 patients), where low ERβ expression in melanoma correlate with a poor relapse-free survival, and no correlations were observed between SRs and ERα or GPER expression in melanoma. Furthermore, we demonstrated that C3G treatment arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase by targeting cyclin B1 (CCNB1) and promoted apoptosis via ERβ in both mouse and human melanoma cell lines, and inhibited melanoma cell growth in vivo. Our study suggested that C3G elicits an agonistic effect toward ERβ signaling enhancement, which may serve as a potential novel therapeutic and preventive approach for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Donata Ponikwicka-Tyszko
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Weronika Lebiedzinska
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agata Pilaszewicz-Puza
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Huijiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlu Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua You
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Slawomir Wolczynnski
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Nafis Rahman
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Han N, Yuan F, Xian P, Liu N, Liu J, Zhang H, Zhang H, Yao K, Yuan G. GADD45a Mediated Cell Cycle Inhibition Is Regulated By P53 In Bladder Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7591-7599. [PMID: 31571910 PMCID: PMC6754676 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies of the genitourinary system, yet the underlying mechanism of BC progression still remains unclear. Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 alpha (GADD45a) is a repressive gene implicated in cell cycle regulation, as well as in human cancers development. However, its role in BC remains to be determined. Methods First, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot assays were used to detect GADD45a expression in BC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues, as well as in bladder cancer cell lines, respectively. Then, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, colony formation assays, and flow cytometry assays were used to measure the ability of cell growth, proliferation and cell cycle distribution. Lentiviral infection technology was used to increase gene expression, while siRNA interfering technology was used to knockdown gene expression. Finally, nude mice were used to construct tumor-burdened models in vivo by injecting tumor cells subcutaneously. Results PCR results showed that the level of GADD45a mRNA and protein levels were lower in BC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. After increasing GADD45a expression, both the ability of growth and proliferation of BC cells were seriously impaired. Additionally, the upregulation of GADD45a expression resulted in BC cell cycle in G2/M and S phases in a p53-regulated pathway. Conclusion GADD45a-mediated cell cycle inhibition is regulated by p53 in bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Han
- Health Examination and Oncology Screening Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang, Deyang 618000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Health Examination and Oncology Screening Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangjun Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
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18
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Knockdown of estrogen receptor β increases proliferation and affects the transcriptome of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:745. [PMID: 31357971 PMCID: PMC6664594 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been repeatedly suggested to play important roles in hormone-dependent cancer like in tumors of the breast, ovary or prostate. In this study, we intended to further elucidate its role in endometrial cancer. Methods For this purpose, we knocked down ERβ expression in two endometrial cancer cell lines, the ERα-negative/ERβ-positive line HEC-1A and the ERα/β-positive cell line RL95/2, by means of siRNA transfection. Cell proliferation after transfection was assessed using the fluorescent CTB Assay (Promega). In order to elucidate possible molecular mechanisms which might underlie the effect on proliferation, we performed transcriptome analyses by means of human Affymetrix Human Gene Chip 2.0. Additionally, we treated the employed cell lines with different ERβ modulators to examine their effect on proliferation. Results siRNA-mediated knockdown of ERβ significantly increased proliferation of both endometrial cancer cell lines. In HEC-1A cells, proliferation was significantly increased 4, 5 and 6 days after transfection, with a maximum of about 1.7-fold (p < 0.05) on day 6. Endometrial RL95/2 cells with an ERβ knockdown exhibited a clearly enhanced proliferation on day 3 and days 4 to 8, when even 2.4-fold higher numbers of viable cells were detected (p < 0.01). Transcriptome analysis revealed that this was accompanied by increased expression of several genes being known to be upregulated in cancer, including proliferation-associated genes and oncogenes, and by repression of genes associated with differentiation, apoptosis or growth inhibition. Corroborating the observed knockdown effects, treatment with the ERβ antagonists PHTTP and (R, R) THC was also able to induce proliferation of both cell lines. Conclusions Our data clearly support the putative role of ERβ as tumor suppressor in endometrium as previously suggested in studies on other tissues and encourage further studies to find out to what extent this molecule might be a potential therapy target in this cancer entity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5928-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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19
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Suppression of colorectal cancer cell growth by combined treatment of 6-gingerol and γ-tocotrienol via alteration of multiple signalling pathways. J Nat Med 2019; 73:745-760. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Yang S, Gao K, Li W. Identification of hub genes and pathways in glioblastoma by bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:1035-1041. [PMID: 30655863 PMCID: PMC6312941 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of malignant brain tumor, and is associated with poor patient prognosis. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying GBM may help to guide the identification of novel diagnoses and treatment targets. The gene expression profile of the GSE4290 GBM dataset was analyzed in order to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Enriched pathways were identified through Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed in order to identify hub genes and for module analysis. Expression and survival analyses were conducted in order to screen and validate critical genes. A total of 1,801 DEGs were recorded, including 620 upregulated and 1,181 downregulated genes. Upregulated DEGs were enriched in the terms ‘mitotic cell cycle process’, ‘mitotic cell cycle’ and ‘cell cycle process’. Downregulated genes were enriched in ‘transsynaptic signaling’, ‘anterograde transsynaptic signaling’ and ‘synaptic signaling’. A total of 15 hub genes, which displayed a high degree of connectivity, were selected. These genes included vascular endothelial growth factor A, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), cell-division cycle protein 20 (CDC20), aurora kinase A (AURKA), and budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 (BUB1). The identified DEGs and hub genes may help guide investigations on the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of GBM. CDK1, CDC20, AURKA and BUB1, which are involved in cell cycle pathways, may be potential targets in the diagnosis and therapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubo Yang
- Department of Neuro-Οncology, Neurosurgery Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Kaidi Gao
- Continuing Education and Training Department, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Neuro-Οncology, Neurosurgery Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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21
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Wai H, Du K, Anesini J, Kim WS, Eastman A, Micalizio GC. Synthesis and Discovery of Estra-1,3,5(10),6,8-pentaene-2,16α-diol. Org Lett 2018; 20:6220-6224. [PMID: 30221523 PMCID: PMC6415968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A metallacycle-centered approach to the assembly of partially aromatic synthetic steroids was investigated as a means to prepare a boutique collection of unique steroidal agents. The synthesis and discovery of estra-1,3,5(10),6,8-pentaene-2,16α-diol (VII) is described, along with structure-activity relationships related to its cytotoxic properties. Overall, VII was found to have a GI50 = 0.2 μg/mL (∼800 nM) in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, be an efficacious estrogen receptor agonist with potency for ERβ > ERα (ERβ EC50 = 21 nM), possess selective affinity to the cdc-2-like kinase CLK4 (Kd = 350 nM), and be phenotypically related to paclitaxel by an unbiased panel assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- HtooTint Wai
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03756
| | - Kang Du
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03756
| | - Jason Anesini
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03756
| | - Wan Shin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03756
| | - Alan Eastman
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03755
| | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03756
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22
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Acconcia F, Fiocchetti M, Marino M. Xenoestrogen regulation of ERα/ERβ balance in hormone-associated cancers. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 457:3-12. [PMID: 27816767 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) contributes to body homeostasis maintenance by regulating many different physiological functions in both male and female organs. E2 actions in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues rely on a complex net of nuclear and extra-nuclear signal transduction pathways triggered by at least two estrogen receptor subtypes (ERα and ERβ). Consequently, the de-regulation of E2:ER signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer. Among other factors, the ERα/ERβ ratio is considered one of the pivotal mechanisms at the root of E2 action in cancer progression. Remarkably, several natural or synthetic exogenous chemicals, collectively called xenoestrogens, bind to ERs and interfere with their signals and intracellular functions. In this review, the molecular mechanism(s) through which xenoestrogens influence ERα and ERβ intracellular concentrations and the consequences of this influence on E2-related cancer will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Acconcia
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy.
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23
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Ono M, Ejima K, Higuchi T, Takeshima M, Wakimoto R, Nakano S. Equol Enhances Apoptosis-inducing Activity of Genistein by Increasing Bax/Bcl-xL Expression Ratio in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1300-1307. [PMID: 29095048 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1367945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer activities of soy isoflavones, such as genistein and equol, a bioactive metabolite of daidzein, have been extensively studied because of possible involvement in the prevention of breast cancer. However, their interactions still remain unclear. We investigated here whether cytotoxic activity of genistein was enhanced by equol, using estrogen receptor positive MCF-7, HER2-positive SK-BR-3, and triple-negative MDA-MB-468 cell lines. Although cytotoxicity of genistein did not significantly differ between three subtypes of breast cancer cells, cytotoxic activities of genistein were significantly enhanced in combination with 50 μM equol in MCF-7 cells, but not in SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-468 cells. In fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses, MCF-7 cells were arrested at the G2/M by genistein but at G1/S by equol. Combination treatment arrested cells at G2/M but abolished equol-induced G1 block, indicating an antagonistic activity of genistein against equol in cell-cycle progression. Although apoptosis was not so evident with genistein alone, the combination made a drastic induction of apoptosis, accompanied by the increase of Bax/Bcl-xL expression ratio, without affecting the activities of Akt and mTOR. Taken together, these data suggest that enhancement of genistein activity by equol would be mainly mediated by augmented induction of apoptosis rather than arrest or delay of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Ono
- a Graduate School of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University , Fukuoka , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Kaoru Ejima
- a Graduate School of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University , Fukuoka , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Takako Higuchi
- a Graduate School of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University , Fukuoka , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Mikako Takeshima
- a Graduate School of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University , Fukuoka , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Rei Wakimoto
- a Graduate School of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University , Fukuoka , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Shuji Nakano
- a Graduate School of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University , Fukuoka , Fukuoka , Japan
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24
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Reese JM, Bruinsma ES, Monroe DG, Negron V, Suman VJ, Ingle JN, Goetz MP, Hawse JR. ERβ inhibits cyclin dependent kinases 1 and 7 in triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96506-96521. [PMID: 29228549 PMCID: PMC5722501 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which comprises approximately 15% of all primary breast cancer diagnoses, lacks estrogen receptor alpha, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. However, we, and others, have demonstrated that approximately 30% of TNBCs express estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), a nuclear hormone receptor and potential drug target. Treatment of ERβ expressing MDA-MB-231 cells with estrogen or the ERβ selective agonist, LY500307, was shown to result in suppression of cell proliferation. This inhibitory effect was due to blockade of cell cycle progression. In vivo, estrogen treatment significantly repressed the growth of ERβ expressing MDA-MB-231 cell line xenografts. Gene expression studies and ingenuity pathway analysis identified a network of ERβ down-regulated genes involved in cell cycle progression including CDK1, cyclin B and cyclin H. siRNA mediated knockdown or drug inhibition of CDK1 and CDK7 in TNBC cells resulted in substantial decreases in proliferation regardless of ERβ expression. These data suggest that the tumor suppressive effects of ERβ in TNBC result from inhibition of cell cycle progression, effects that are in part mediated by suppression of CDK1/7. Furthermore, these data indicate that blockade of CDK1/7 activity in TNBC may be of therapeutic benefit, an area of study that has yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Reese
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Bruinsma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David G Monroe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vivian Negron
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vera J Suman
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James N Ingle
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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25
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Lan YL, Zou S, Wang X, Lou JC, Xing JS, Yu M, Zhang B. Update on the therapeutic significance of estrogen receptor beta in malignant gliomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81686-81696. [PMID: 29113424 PMCID: PMC5655319 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is the most fatal of the astrocytic lineage tumors despite therapeutic advances. Men have a higher glioma incidence than women, indicating that estrogen level differences between men and women may influence glioma pathogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of estrogen has not been fully clarified and is complicated by the presence of several distinct estrogen receptor types and the identification of a growing number of estrogen receptor splice variants. Specifically, it is generally accepted that estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) functions as a tumor promoter, while estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) functions as a tumor suppressor, and the role and therapeutic significance of ERβ signaling in gliomas remains elusive. Thus, a deeper analysis of ERβ could elucidate the role of estrogens in gender-related cancer incidence. ERβ has been found to be involved in complex interactions with malignant gliomas. In addition, the prognostic value of ERβ expression in glioma patients should not be ignored when considering translating experimental findings to clinical practice. More importantly, several potential drugs consisting of selective ERβ agonists have exhibited anti-glioma activities and could further extend the therapeutic potential of ERβ-selective agonists. Here, we review the literature to clarify the anti-glioma effect of ERβ. To clarify ERβ-mediated treatment effects in malignant gliomas, this review focuses on the potential mechanisms mediated by ERβ in the intracellular signaling events in glioma cells, the prognostic value of ERβ expression in glioma patients, and various ERβ agonists that could be potential drugs with anti-glioma activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jin-Shan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
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26
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Lu W, Katzenellenbogen BS. Estrogen Receptor-β Modulation of the ERα-p53 Loop Regulating Gene Expression, Proliferation, and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer. Discov Oncol 2017; 8:230-242. [PMID: 28577282 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-017-0298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a crucial transcriptional regulator in breast cancer, but estrogens mediate their effects through two estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, subtypes that have contrasting regulatory actions on gene expression and the survival and growth of breast cancer cells. Here, we examine the impact of ERβ on the ERα-p53 loop in breast cancer. We found that ERβ attenuates ERα-induced cell proliferation, increases apoptosis, and reverses transcriptional activation and repression by ERα. Further, ERβ physically interacts with p53, reduces ERα-p53 binding, and antagonizes ERα-p53-mediated transcriptional regulation. ERα directs SUV39H1/H2 and histone H3 lys9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) heterochromatin assembly at estrogen-repressed genes to silence p53-activated transcription. The copresence of ERβ in ERα-positive cells abrogates the H3K9me3 repressive heterochromatin conformation by downregulating SUV39H1 and SUV39H2, thereby releasing the ERα-induced transcriptional block. Furthermore, the presence of ERβ stimulates accumulation of histone H3 lys4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) on ERα-repressed genes, inducing H3K4me3-associated epigenetic activation of the transcription of these repressed genes that can promote p53-based tumor suppression. ERβ also reduced corepressor N-CoR and SMRT recruitment by ERα that could attenuate the crosstalk between ERα and p53. Overall, our data reveal a novel mechanism for ERβ's anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in breast cancer cells involving p53 and epigenetic changes in histone methylation that underlie gene regulation of these cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Lu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801-3704, USA
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801-3704, USA.
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27
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Krishnan A, K D, Babu P.S S, Jagadeeshan S, Prasad M, Nair SA. Oncogenic Actions of SKP2 Involves Deregulation of CDK1 Turnover Mediated by FOXM1. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:797-807. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Cancer Research Program; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Dhanya K
- Cancer Research Program; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Saneesh Babu P.S
- Cancer Research Program; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Sankar Jagadeeshan
- Cancer Research Program; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Manu Prasad
- Cancer Research Program; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - S. Asha Nair
- Cancer Research Program; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Thiruvananthapuram India
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28
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Malki K, Du Rietz E, Crusio WE, Pain O, Paya-Cano J, Karadaghi RL, Sluyter F, de Boer SF, Sandnabba K, Schalkwyk LC, Asherson P, Tosto MG. Transcriptome analysis of genes and gene networks involved in aggressive behavior in mouse and zebrafish. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171:827-38. [PMID: 27090961 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite moderate heritability estimates, the molecular architecture of aggressive behavior remains poorly characterized. This study compared gene expression profiles from a genetic mouse model of aggression with zebrafish, an animal model traditionally used to study aggression. A meta-analytic, cross-species approach was used to identify genomic variants associated with aggressive behavior. The Rankprod algorithm was used to evaluated mRNA differences from prefrontal cortex tissues of three sets of mouse lines (N = 18) selectively bred for low and high aggressive behavior (SAL/LAL, TA/TNA, and NC900/NC100). The same approach was used to evaluate mRNA differences in zebrafish (N = 12) exposed to aggressive or non-aggressive social encounters. Results were compared to uncover genes consistently implicated in aggression across both studies. Seventy-six genes were differentially expressed (PFP < 0.05) in aggressive compared to non-aggressive mice. Seventy genes were differentially expressed in zebrafish exposed to a fight encounter compared to isolated zebrafish. Seven genes (Fos, Dusp1, Hdac4, Ier2, Bdnf, Btg2, and Nr4a1) were differentially expressed across both species 5 of which belonging to a gene-network centred on the c-Fos gene hub. Network analysis revealed an association with the MAPK signaling cascade. In human studies HDAC4 haploinsufficiency is a key genetic mechanism associated with brachydactyly mental retardation syndrome (BDMR), which is associated with aggressive behaviors. Moreover, the HDAC4 receptor is a drug target for valproic acid, which is being employed as an effective pharmacological treatment for aggressive behavior in geriatric, psychiatric, and brain-injury patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Malki
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - Ebba Du Rietz
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - Wim E Crusio
- University of Bordeaux, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France
| | - Oliver Pain
- Centre of Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom.,Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Paya-Cano
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - Rezhaw L Karadaghi
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - Frans Sluyter
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - Sietse F de Boer
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary LifeSciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Sandnabba
- Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Leonard C Schalkwyk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Grazia Tosto
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom.,Laboratory for Cognitive Investigations and Behavioural Genetics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
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29
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Liu P, Sun Y, Qiu G, Jiang H, Qiu G. Silencing of TBX20 gene expression in rat myocardial and human embryonic kidney cells leads to cell cycle arrest in G2 phase. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2904-14. [PMID: 27572266 PMCID: PMC5042752 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common birth defects due to abnormal cardiac development. The T-box 20 (TBX20) gene is a member of the T-box family of transcription factors and encodes TBX20, which is essential for early heart development. In the present study, reduced TBX20 expression was observed in CHD tissue samples compared with normal tissues, and the function of TBX20 in Rattus norvegicus myocardial cells [H9c2(2-1)] and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) was investigated. TBX20 was silenced in H9c2 and HEK293 cells via transfection of small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA duplexes, respectively, and TBX20 mRNA and protein levels were subsequently examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed using a cell counting kit and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was determined by western blotting. Analysis of cell apoptosis was achieved by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining and a fluorometric terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling system. Cell cycle analysis was achieved using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and, an RT-qPCR array was used to profile the expression of TBX20-related genes. Silencing of TBX20 in H9c2 and HEK293 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and led to G2/M cell cycle arrest. A reduction in cyclin B1 mRNA levels and an increase in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B mRNA levels was observed, which indicated that cells were arrested in G2 phase. Concurrently, the mRNA levels of GATA binding protein 4 were increased in both cell lines, which may provide an explanation for the abnormal cardiac hypertrophy observed in patients with congenital heart disease. These results suggest that TBX20 is required for heart morphogenesis, and inhibition of TBX20 expression may lead to the suppression of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yueling Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Guangbin Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 202 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shenyang, Heping 110003, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Heping 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guangrong Qiu
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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30
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Li L, Chen X, Liu CC, Lee LS, Man C, Cheng SH. Phytoestrogen Bakuchiol Exhibits In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-breast Cancer Effects by Inducing S Phase Arrest and Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:128. [PMID: 27252650 PMCID: PMC4877368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogen has been proposed as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy, which has been demonstrated to promote a high risk of breast cancer. However, the effect of phytoestrogen on breast cancer development has not been fully understood. Bakuchiol is an active ingredient of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine Fructus Psoraleae, the dried ripe fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae). The in vitro and in vivo estrogenic activities and anti-breast cancer effects of bakuchiol have not been well-studied. We found that bakuchiol induced the GFP expression in transgenic medaka (Oryzias melastigma, Tg, Chg:GFP) dose-dependently (0–1 μg/ml), demonstrating its in vivo estrogenic activity. Low dose of bakuchiol (1 μg/ml) induced the cell proliferation and ERα expression in MCF-7 cells, which could be blocked by the anti-estrogen ICI 182780, suggesting the in vitro estrogenic activity of bakuchiol. Our data indicated that high doses of bakuchiol (>2 μg/ml) inhibited breast cancer cell growth, with a stronger anti-proliferative effect than resveratrol, a widely studied analog of bakuchiol. High doses of bakuchiol (4, 7, and 10 μg/ml) were used for the further in vitro anti-breast cancer studies. Bakuchiol induced ERβ expression and suppressed ERα expression in MCF-7 cells. It also induced S phase arrest in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which could be rescued by caffeine. Knock-down of p21 also marginally rescued S phase arrest in MCF-7 cells. The S phase arrest was accompanied by the upregulation of ATM, P-Cdc2 (Tyr15), Myt1, P-Wee1 (Ser642), p21 and Cyclin B1, suggesting that blocking of Cdc2 activation may play an important role in bakuchiol-induced S phase arrest. Furthermore, bakuchiol induced cell apoptosis and disturbed mitochondrial membrane potential in MCF-7 cells. The bakuchiol-induced apoptosis was associated with increased expression of Caspase family and Bcl-2 family proteins, suggesting that bakuchiol may induce apoptosis via intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The in vivo anti-breast cancer effect of bakuchiol was further proved in zebrafish (Danio rerio, wild-type AB) xenografts. 0.5 μg/ml of bakuchiol significantly reduced the MCF-7 cell mass in zebrafish xenografts. Overall, these results suggested the potential of using bakuchiol in HRT and breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Vitargent (International) Biotechnology Limited Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi C Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai S Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Cornelia Man
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuk H Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
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Sareddy GR, Li X, Liu J, Viswanadhapalli S, Garcia L, Gruslova A, Cavazos D, Garcia M, Strom AM, Gustafsson JA, Tekmal RR, Brenner A, Vadlamudi RK. Selective Estrogen Receptor β Agonist LY500307 as a Novel Therapeutic Agent for Glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24185. [PMID: 27126081 PMCID: PMC4850367 DOI: 10.1038/srep24185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM), deadly brain tumors, have greater incidence in males than females. Epidemiological evidence supports a tumor suppressive role of estrogen; however, estrogen as a potential therapy for GBM is limited due to safety concerns. Since GBM express ERβ, a second receptor for estrogen, targeting ERβ with a selective agonist may be a potential novel GBM therapy. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic effect of the selective synthetic ERβ agonist LY500307 using in vitro and in vivo GBM models. Treatment with LY500307 significantly reduced the proliferation of GBM cells with no activity on normal astrocytes in vitro. ERβ agonists promoted apoptosis of GBM cells, and mechanistic studies using RNA sequencing revealed that LY500307 modulated several pathways related to apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA damage response. Further, LY500307 sensitized GBM cells to several FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drugs including cisplatin, lomustine and temozolomide. LY500307 treatment significantly reduced the in vivo tumor growth and promoted apoptosis of GBM tumors in an orthotopic model and improved the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice in the GL26 syngeneic glioma model. Our results demonstrate that LY500307 has potential as a therapeutic agent for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara R Sareddy
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiaonan Li
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Jinyou Liu
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Lauren Garcia
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Aleksandra Gruslova
- Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - David Cavazos
- Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Mike Garcia
- Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Rajeshwar Rao Tekmal
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Andrew Brenner
- Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA.,Hematology &Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA.,Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
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Liu YR, Jiang YZ, Xu XE, Hu X, Yu KD, Shao ZM. Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Multigene Signatures in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:1653-62. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zheng Y, Murphy LC. Regulation of steroid hormone receptors and coregulators during the cell cycle highlights potential novel function in addition to roles as transcription factors. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2016; 14:e001. [PMID: 26778927 PMCID: PMC4714463 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle progression is tightly controlled by several kinase families including Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, Polo-Like Kinases, and Aurora Kinases. A large amount of data show that steroid hormone receptors and various components of the cell cycle, including cell cycle regulated kinases, interact, and this often results in altered transcriptional activity of the receptor. Furthermore, steroid hormones, through their receptors, can also regulate the transcriptional expression of genes that are required for cell cycle regulation. However, emerging data suggest that steroid hormone receptors may have roles in cell cycle progression independent of their transcriptional activity. The following is a review of how steroid receptors and their coregulators can regulate or be regulated by the cell cycle machinery, with a particular focus on roles independent of transcription in G2/M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (YZ, LCM), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology (YZ, LCM), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Leigh C Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (YZ, LCM), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology (YZ, LCM), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Katagi A, Sui L, Kamitori K, Suzuki T, Katayama T, Hossain A, Noguchi C, Dong Y, Yamaguchi F, Tokuda M. Inhibitory effect of isoamericanol A from Jatropha curcas seeds on the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line by G2/M cell cycle arrest. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00055. [PMID: 27441238 PMCID: PMC4945895 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2015.e00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although various parts of J. curcas (Jatropha curcas L., Euphorbiaceae) have long been used as traditional folk medicines for their antiviral, analgesic, and/or antidotal efficacies, we are the first to investigate the role of anti-carcinogenicity of isoamericanol A (IAA) from the seed extract. Our results showed that IAA is capable of inhibiting cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner on the human cancer cell lines of MCF-7, MDA-MB231, HuH-7, and HeLa. Flow cytometry analysis showed IAA significantly induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M on MCF-7 cells. At both protein and mRNA levels examined by western blot and real-time PCR, the results revealed increased expression of BTG2 (B-cell translocation gene 2), p21 (p21WAF1/CIPI), and GADD45A (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha) after IAA treatment, but inversed expression in CDK1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1) and cyclins B1 and B2. All these effects contribute to G2/M cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, these results coincide with the changes in molecular expressions determined by DNA-microarray analysis. Our findings indicate that IAA has an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation of MCF-7 through cell cycle arrest, giving it great potential as a future therapeutic reagent for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Katagi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine / Graduate School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793 Japan
| | - Li Sui
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine / Graduate School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793 Japan
| | - Kazuyo Kamitori
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine / Graduate School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793 Japan
| | - Toshisada Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biomass Chemistry, Biological Molecular Chemistry, Kagawa University, Faculty of Agriculture / Graduate School of Agriculture, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793 Japan
| | - Takeshi Katayama
- Laboratory of Biomass Chemistry, Biological Molecular Chemistry, Kagawa University, Faculty of Agriculture / Graduate School of Agriculture, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793 Japan
| | - Akram Hossain
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine / Graduate School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793 Japan
| | - Chisato Noguchi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine / Graduate School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793 Japan
| | - Youyi Dong
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine / Graduate School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793 Japan
| | - Fuminori Yamaguchi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine / Graduate School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793 Japan
| | - Masaaki Tokuda
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine / Graduate School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793 Japan
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Stellato C, Porreca I, Cuomo D, Tarallo R, Nassa G, Ambrosino C. The “busy life” of unliganded estrogen receptors. Proteomics 2015; 16:288-300. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stellato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Baronissi Salerno Italy
| | | | - Danila Cuomo
- Department of Science and Technology; University of Sannio; Benevento Italy
- Biogem scarl; Ariano Irpino (AV); Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Baronissi Salerno Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Baronissi Salerno Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Department of Science and Technology; University of Sannio; Benevento Italy
- Biogem scarl; Ariano Irpino (AV); Italy
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Mortimer M, Visser K, de Beer D, Joubert E, Louw A. Divide and Conquer May Not Be the Optimal Approach to Retain the Desirable Estrogenic Attributes of the Cyclopia Nutraceutical Extract, SM6Met. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26208351 PMCID: PMC4514865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Cyclopia, an indigenous South African fynbos plant used to prepare honeybush tea, contains phytoestrogenic compounds. An extract from C. subternata, SM6Met, displays three desirable estrogenic attributes for future development of a phytoestrogenic nutraceutical, namely, ERα antagonism, ERβ agonism, and also antagonism of E2-induced breast cancer cell proliferation. Activity-guided fractionation of SM6Met was used in an attempt to isolate and identify compounds conferring the desirable estrogenic profile to SM6Met. Initial liquid-liquid fractionation of SM6Met yielded a polar fraction (PF) and a non-polar fraction (NPF), with the desirable estrogenic attributes retained in the NPF. Subsequent high performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) fractionation of the NPF yielded three fractions (F1-F3). Interestingly, the fractions revealed separation of the previously demonstrated positive estrogenic attributes of the NPF into separate fractions, with F1 and F2 acting as ERα antagonists, only F2 inducing antagonism of E2-induced breast cancer cell proliferation and only F3 retaining robust ERβ agonist activity. In terms of major polyphenols, quantitative HPLC and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) indicated that HPCCC fractionation resulted in a divergence of polyphenolic classes, with F1 emerging as the dihydrochalcone-rich fraction and F2 as the flavanone- and benzophenone-rich fraction, while the xanthones, flavones and phenolic acids were retained in F3. F3 was re-engineered into F3R by reassembling the major polyphenols identified in the fraction. F3R could, however, not replicate the effect of F3. In conclusion, although activity-guided fractionation results suggest that retention of all the desirable estrogenic attributes of the original SM6Met in one fraction is not an attainable goal, fractionation is a useful tool to enhance specific desirable estrogenic attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mortimer
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - K. Visser
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - D. de Beer
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council of South Africa Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - E. Joubert
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council of South Africa Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - A. Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Zhou Y, Chen HIH, Lin A, Dang H, Haack K, Cole SA, Huang Y, Yu H, Chen Y, Yeh CK. Early gene expression in salivary gland after isoproterenol treatment. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:431-7. [PMID: 25336019 PMCID: PMC4620551 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic agonist, has been shown to induce salivary gland hyperplasia. However, the mechanism involved in this pharmacological phenomenon is not well understood. To gain a better understanding of the underlying changes, including genes, networks and pathways altered by isoproterenol, microarray-based gene expression analysis was conducted on rat parotid glands at 10, 30, and 60 min after isoproterenol injection. After isoproterenol treatment, the number of differentially expressed genes was increased in a time-dependent manner. Pathway analysis showed that cell hyperplasia, p38(MAPK), and IGF-1 were the most altered function, network and pathway, respectively. The balanced regulation of up- and down-expression of genes related to cell proliferation/survival may provide a better understanding of the mechanism of isoproterenol-induced parotid gland enlargement without tumor transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China 310000
| | - Hung-I H. Chen
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3309, USA
| | - A.L. Lin
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - H. Dang
- Developmental Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Karin Haack
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA
| | - Shelley A. Cole
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA
| | - Yufei Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Haiyang Yu
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China 610041
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3309, USA
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229-4404 USA
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Chang YL, Hsu YK, Wu TF, Huang CM, Liou LY, Chiu YW, Hsiao YH, Luo FJ, Yuan TC. Regulation of estrogen receptor α function in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by FAK signaling. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:555-65. [PMID: 24825747 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERA) is a DNA-binding transcription factor that plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth. Previous studies indicated that the expression of ERα in cell lines and tumors derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to examine the activity and function of ERα in OSCC cells and the mechanism underlying ERα activation. Immunochemical analyses in benign (n=11) and malignant (n=21) lesions of the oral cavity showed that ERα immunoreactivity was observed in 43% (9/21) of malignant lesions, whereas none of benign lesions showed ERα immunoreactivity. The ERα expression was also found in three OSCC cell lines and its transcriptional activity was correlated with cell growth. Addition of estradiol stimulated cell growth, whereas treatment of tamoxifen or knockdown of ERα expression caused reduced cell growth. Interestingly, the expression and activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were associated with the phosphorylation of ERα at serine 118 in OSCC cells. Elevated expression of FAK in the slow-growing SCC25 cells caused increases in ERα phosphorylation, transcriptional activity, and cell growth rate, whereas knockdown of FAK expression in the rapid-growing OECM-1 cells led to reduced ERα phosphorylation and activity and retarded cell growth. Inhibition of the activity of protein kinase B (AKT), but not ERK, abolished FAK-promoted ERα phosphorylation. These results suggest that OSCC cells expressed functional ERα, whose activity can be enhanced by FAK/AKT signaling, and this was critical for promoting cell growth. Thus, FAK and ERα can serve as the therapeutic targets for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Chang
- Department of Life ScienceInstitute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, TaiwanDepartment of PathologyDepartment of DentistryMennonite Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Kan Hsu
- Department of Life ScienceInstitute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, TaiwanDepartment of PathologyDepartment of DentistryMennonite Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Fan Wu
- Department of Life ScienceInstitute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, TaiwanDepartment of PathologyDepartment of DentistryMennonite Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chieh-Ming Huang
- Department of Life ScienceInstitute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, TaiwanDepartment of PathologyDepartment of DentistryMennonite Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, Republic of ChinaDepartment of Life ScienceInstitute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, TaiwanDepartment of PathologyDepartment of DentistryMennonite Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Yin Liou
- Department of Life ScienceInstitute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, TaiwanDepartment of PathologyDepartment of DentistryMennonite Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wen Chiu
- Department of Life ScienceInstitute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, TaiwanDepartment of PathologyDepartment of DentistryMennonite Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hsiao
- Department of Life ScienceInstitute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, TaiwanDepartment of PathologyDepartment of DentistryMennonite Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fuh-Jinn Luo
- Department of Life ScienceInstitute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, TaiwanDepartment of PathologyDepartment of DentistryMennonite Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ta-Chun Yuan
- Department of Life ScienceInstitute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, TaiwanDepartment of PathologyDepartment of DentistryMennonite Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Yang R, Bai Y, Qin Z, Yu T. EgoNet: identification of human disease ego-network modules. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:314. [PMID: 24773628 PMCID: PMC4234496 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mining novel biomarkers from gene expression profiles for accurate disease classification is challenging due to small sample size and high noise in gene expression measurements. Several studies have proposed integrated analyses of microarray data and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to find diagnostic subnetwork markers. However, the neighborhood relationship among network member genes has not been fully considered by those methods, leaving many potential gene markers unidentified. The main idea of this study is to take full advantage of the biological observation that genes associated with the same or similar diseases commonly reside in the same neighborhood of molecular networks. RESULTS We present EgoNet, a novel method based on egocentric network-analysis techniques, to exhaustively search and prioritize disease subnetworks and gene markers from a large-scale biological network. When applied to a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) microarray dataset, the top selected modules contain both known gene markers in TNBC and novel candidates, such as RAD51 and DOK1, which play a central role in their respective ego-networks by connecting many differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that EgoNet, which is based on the ego network concept, allows the identification of novel biomarkers and provides a deeper understanding of their roles in complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianwei Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, N,E, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Salvador JM, Brown-Clay JD, Fornace AJ. Gadd45 in stress signaling, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 793:1-19. [PMID: 24104470 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8289-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The first identified Gadd45 gene, Gadd45a, encodes a ubiquitously expressed protein that is often induced by DNA damage and other stress signals associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. This protein and the other two members of this small gene family, Gadd45b and Gadd45g, have been implicated in a variety of the responses to cell injury including cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, and DNA repair. In vivo, many of the prominent roles for the Gadd45 proteins are associated with signaling mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Gadd45 proteins can contribute to p38 activation either by activation of upstream kinase(s) or by direct interaction. In vivo, there are important tissue and cell-type-specific differences in the roles for Gadd45 in MAPK signaling. In addition to being p53-regulated, Gadd45a has been found to contribute to p53 activation via p38. Like other stress and signaling proteins, Gadd45 proteins show complex regulation and numerous effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Salvador
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, (CNB-CSIC) Lab 417, c/Darwin n 3, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Velickovic K, Cvoro A, Srdic B, Stokic E, Markelic M, Golic I, Otasevic V, Stancic A, Jankovic A, Vucetic M, Buzadzic B, Korac B, Korac A. Expression and subcellular localization of estrogen receptors α and β in human fetal brown adipose tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:151-9. [PMID: 24217905 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the unique ability of generating heat due to the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). A recent discovery regarding functional BAT in adult humans has increased interest in the molecular pathways of BAT development and functionality. An important role for estrogen in white adipose tissue was shown, but the possible role of estrogen in human fetal BAT (fBAT) is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether human fBAT expresses estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ. In addition, we examined their localization as well as their correlation with crucial proteins involved in BAT differentiation, proliferation, mitochondriogenesis and thermogenesis including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and UCP1. DESIGN The fBAT was obtained from 4 human male fetuses aged 15, 17, 20, and 23 weeks gestation. ERα and ERβ expression was assessed using Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry. Possible correlations with PPARγ, PCNA, PGC-1α, and UCP1 were examined by double immunofluorescence. RESULTS Both ERα and ERβ were expressed in human fBAT, with ERα being dominant. Unlike ERβ, which was present only in mature brown adipocytes, we detected ERα in mature adipocytes, preadipocytes, mesenchymal and endothelial cells. In addition, double immunofluorescence supported the notion that differentiation in fBAT probably involves ERα. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed mitochondrial localization of both receptors. CONCLUSION The expression of both ERα and ERβ in human fBAT suggests a role for estrogen in its development, primarily via ERα. In addition, our results indicate that fBAT mitochondria could be targeted by estrogens and pointed out the possible role of both ERs in mitochondriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Velickovic
- University of Belgrade (K.V., M.M., I.G., A.K.), Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron Microscopy, and Department of Physiology (V.O., A.S., A.J., M.V., B.B., B.K.), Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Genomic Medicine (A.C.), The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Anatomy (B.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; and Department of Endocrinology (E.S.), Institute of Internal Disease, Clinical Center Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Mihály Z, Kormos M, Lánczky A, Dank M, Budczies J, Szász MA, Győrffy B. A meta-analysis of gene expression-based biomarkers predicting outcome after tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 140:219-32. [PMID: 23836010 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, three molecular markers (ER, PR, and CYP2D6) have been used in clinical setting to predict the benefit of the anti-estrogen tamoxifen therapy. Our aim was to validate new biomarker candidates predicting response to tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer by evaluating these in a meta-analysis of available transcriptomic datasets with known treatment and follow-up. Biomarker candidates were identified in Pubmed and in the 2007-2012 ASCO and 2011-2012 SABCS abstracts. Breast cancer microarray datasets of endocrine therapy-treated patients were downloaded from GEO and EGA and RNAseq datasets from TCGA. Of the biomarker candidates, only those identified or already validated in a clinical cohort were included. Relapse-free survival (RFS) up to 5 years was used as endpoint in a ROC analysis in the GEO and RNAseq datasets. In the EGA dataset, Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed for overall survival. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.005. The transcriptomic datasets included 665 GEO-based and 1,208 EGA-based patient samples. All together 68 biomarker candidates were identified. Of these, the best performing genes were PGR (AUC = 0.64, p = 2.3E-07), MAPT (AUC = 0.62, p = 7.8E-05), and SLC7A5 (AUC = 0.62, p = 9.2E-05). Further genes significantly correlated to RFS include FOS, TP53, BTG2, HOXB7, DRG1, CXCL10, and TPM4. In the RNAseq dataset, only ERBB2, EDF1, and MAPK1 reached statistical significance. We evaluated tamoxifen-resistance genes in three independent platforms and identified PGR, MAPT, and SLC7A5 as the most promising prognostic biomarkers in tamoxifen treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Mihály
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Hoffman MJ, Flister MJ, Nunez L, Xiao B, Greene AS, Jacob HJ, Moreno C. Female-specific hypertension loci on rat chromosome 13. Hypertension 2013; 62:557-63. [PMID: 23817491 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 3.7-Mb region of rat chromosome 13 (45.2-49.0 Mb) affects blood pressure (BP) in females only, indicating the presence of sex-specific BP loci in close proximity to the Renin locus. In the present study, we used a series of Dahl salt-sensitive/Mcwi-13 Brown Norway congenic rat strains to further resolve BP loci within this region. We identified 3 BP loci affecting female rats only, of which the 2 smaller loci (line9BP3 and line9BP4) were functionally characterized by sequence and expression analysis. Compared with SS (SS/HsdMcwiCrl), the presence of a 591-kb region of BN (BN/NHsdMcwi) chromosome 13 (line9BP3) significantly lowered BP by 21 mm Hg on an 8% NaCl diet (153 ± 7 versus 174 ± 5 mm Hg; P<0.001). Unexpectedly, the addition of 23 kb of Brown Norway chromosome 13 (line9BP4) completely erased the female-specific BP protection on 8% NaCl diet, suggesting that BN hypertensive allele(s) reside in this region. The congenic interval of the protective line 9F strain contains 3 genes (Optc, Prelp, and Fmod), and the hypertensive line 9E contains 1 additional gene (Btg2). Sequence analysis of the 2 BP loci revealed a total of 282 intergenic variants, with no coding variants. Analysis of gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed strain- and sex-specific differences in Prelp, Fmod, and Btg2 expression, implicating these as novel candidate genes for female-specific hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Hoffman
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Chemoprevention of BBN-Induced Bladder Carcinogenesis by the Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Tamoxifen. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:244-55. [PMID: 23730403 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the fifth most frequent tumor in men and ninth in women in the United States. Due to a high likelihood of recurrence, effective chemoprevention is a significant unmet need. Estrogen receptors (ERs), primarily ERβ, are expressed in normal urothelium and urothelial carcinoma, and blocking ER function with selective ER modulators such as tamoxifen inhibits bladder cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Herein, the chemoprotective potential of tamoxifen was evaluated in female mice exposed to the bladder-specific carcinogen, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN). Carcinogen treatment resulted in a 76% tumor incidence and increased mean bladder weights in comparison to controls. In contrast, mice receiving tamoxifen concurrent (8-20 weeks) or concurrent and subsequent (8-32 weeks) to BBN administration had no change in bladder weight and only 10% to 14% incidence of tumors. Non-muscle-invasive disease was present in animals treated with tamoxifen before (5-8 weeks) or after (20-32 weeks) BBN exposure, while incidence of muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma was reduced. ERβ was present in all mice and thus is a potential mediator of the tamoxifen chemoprotective effect. Surprisingly, ERα expression, which was detected in 74% of the mice exposed to BBN alone but not in any controlmice, was correlated with tumor incidence, indicating a possible role for this receptor in carcinogen-induced urothelial tumorigenesis. Thus, these data argue that both ERα and ERβ play a role in modulating carcinogen-induced bladder tumorigenesis. Administration of tamoxifen should be tested as a chemopreventive strategy for patients at high risk for bladder cancer recurrence.
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Abstract
Despite over 15 years of research, the exact role, if any, played by estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in human breast cancer remains elusive. A large body of data both in vitro and in vivo supports its role as an antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic factor especially when co-expressed with ERα. However, there is a smaller body of data associating ERβ with growth and survival in breast cancer. In clinical studies and most often in cell culture studies, the pro-growth and pro-survival activity of ERβ occurs in ERα-negative breast cancer tissue and cells. This bi-faceted role of ERβ is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Leygue
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0V9.
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Mishra R. Cell cycle-regulatory cyclins and their deregulation in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:475-81. [PMID: 23434055 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a growth-related disorder, and cyclins are the prime regulators of cell division. Cyclins are associated with the pathogenesis of oral cancer and are considered valuable biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. These important molecules are regulated in many ways to achieve a gain in function and are involved in promoting neoplastic growth. While the causes of most cyclin overexpression are varied, these cyclins may be induced by buccal mucosal insult mainly with carcinogens that alter various pathways propelling oral cancer. Substantial experimental evidences support a link between oncogenic signaling pathways and the deregulation of cyclins in oral cancer. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which cyclins are regulated and promote oral oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakishore Mishra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835 205, Jharkhand, India.
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Han X, Aenlle KK, Bean LA, Rani A, Semple-Rowland SL, Kumar A, Foster TC. Role of estrogen receptor α and β in preserving hippocampal function during aging. J Neurosci 2013; 33:2671-83. [PMID: 23392694 PMCID: PMC3692013 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4937-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the ERα and ERβ estrogen receptors in the hippocampus may be important in the etiology of age-related cognitive decline. To examine the role of ERα and ERβ in regulating transcription and learning, ovariectomized wild-type (WT) and ERα and ERβ knockout (KO) mice were used. Hippocampal gene transcription in young ERαKO mice was similar to WT mice 6 h after a single estradiol treatment. In middle-age ERαKO mice, hormone deprivation was associated with a decrease in the expression of select genes associated with the blood-brain barrier; cyclic estradiol treatment increased transcription of these select genes and improved learning in these mice. In contrast to ERαKO mice, ERβKO mice exhibited a basal hippocampal gene profile similar to WT mice treated with estradiol and, in the absence of estradiol treatment, young and middle-age ERβKO mice exhibited preserved learning on the water maze. The preserved memory performance of middle-age ERβKO mice could be reversed by lentiviral delivery of ERβ to the hippocampus. These results suggest that one function of ERβ is to regulate ERα-mediated transcription in the hippocampus. This model is supported by our observations that knockout of ERβ under conditions of low estradiol allowed ERα-mediated transcription. As estradiol levels increased in the absence of ERα, we observed that other mechanisms, likely including ERβ, regulated transcription and maintained hippocampal-dependent memory. Thus, our results indicate that ERα and ERβ interact with hormone levels to regulate transcription involved in maintaining hippocampal function during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Han
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0244, and
| | - Kristina K. Aenlle
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Miami, Florida 33125
| | - Linda A. Bean
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0244, and
| | - Asha Rani
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0244, and
| | - Susan L. Semple-Rowland
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0244, and
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0244, and
| | - Thomas C. Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0244, and
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Raloxifene inhibits growth of RT4 urothelial carcinoma cells via estrogen receptor-dependent induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. Discov Oncol 2012; 4:24-35. [PMID: 22965848 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-012-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer in the USA, with over 70,000 new cases diagnosed each year. Treatment often involves invasive surgical therapies, as chemotherapy alone is often ineffective and associated with high recurrence rates. Identification of estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) in up to 75 % of urinary tumors raises the question of whether this receptor could be targeted to effectively treat bladder cancer. In this study, a panel of five bladder cancer cell lines representing a variety of disease stage and grades were treated with the antiestrogens 4-hydroxytamoxifen, raloxifene, or the pure antagonist ICI 182,780. All cell lines were ERβ positive while only a few expressed estrogen receptor-α (ERα). Notably, all but the TCCSUP cell line were growth inhibited 20-100 % by at least two antiestrogens. Using RT4 cells, we demonstrate that growth inhibition by raloxifene is ER dependent and either ERα or ERβ can mediate this response. Activation of caspase-3 and its effector poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) demonstrate that raloxifene-induced growth inhibition is in part the result of increased apoptosis; this PARP cleavage was ER dependent. Moreover, changes in the expression of cell cycle genes indicate that cell proliferation is also affected. Specifically, raloxifene treatment results in the stabilization of p27 protein, likely via the downregulation of S-phase kinase-associated protein (SKP2). Expression of the negative cell cycle regulator B-cell translocation gene (BTG2) is also increased, while cyclin D1 transcription is reduced. These results indicate that antiestrogens may be useful therapeutics in the treatment of bladder cancer by targeting ER and inhibiting growth via multiple mechanisms.
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Sareddy GR, Nair BC, Gonugunta VK, Zhang QG, Brenner A, Brann DW, Tekmal RR, Vadlamudi RK. Therapeutic significance of estrogen receptor β agonists in gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1174-82. [PMID: 22442308 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common and devastating central nervous system neoplasms. A gender bias exists in their development: females are at lower risk than males, implicating estrogen-mediated protective effects. Estrogen functions are mediated by two estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes: ERα, which functions as tumor promoter, and ERβ, which functions as tumor suppressor. We examined the potential use of ERβ agonists as a novel therapeutic to curb the growth of gliomas. Western analysis of six glioma model cells showed detectable expression of ERβ with little or no ERα. Treatment of glioma cells with ERβ agonists resulted in significant decrease in proliferation. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues revealed that ERβ expression is downregulated in high-grade gliomas. We found that ERβ agonists promote both expression and tumor-suppressive functions of ERβ in glioma cells. Liquiritigenin, a plant-derived ERβ agonist significantly reduced in vivo tumor growth in a xenograft model. Compared with control mice, animals treated with liquiritigenin had greater than 50% reduction in tumor volume and size. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors revealed a significant increase in the nuclear ERβ expression with a concomitant decrease in cell proliferation in the liquiritigenin-treated group. Our results suggest that ERβ signaling has a tumor-suppressive function in gliomas. Because ERβ agonists are currently in clinical trials and are well tolerated with fewer side effects, identification of an ERβ agonist as a therapeutic agent can be readily extended to clinical use with current chemotherapies, providing an additional tool for enhancing survival in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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50
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Saunier EF, Vivar OI, Rubenstein A, Zhao X, Olshansky M, Baggett S, Staub RE, Tagliaferri M, Cohen I, Speed TP, Baxter JD, Leitman DC. Estrogenic plant extracts reverse weight gain and fat accumulation without causing mammary gland or uterine proliferation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28333. [PMID: 22163294 PMCID: PMC3233562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term estrogen deficiency increases the risk of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Menopausal hormone therapy containing estrogens might prevent these conditions, but its prolonged use increases the risk of breast cancer, as wells as endometrial cancer if used without progestins. Animal studies indicate that beneficial effects of estrogens in adipose tissue and adverse effects on mammary gland and uterus are mediated by estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). One strategy to improve the safety of estrogens to prevent/treat obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome is to develop estrogens that act as agonists in adipose tissue, but not in mammary gland and uterus. We considered plant extracts, which have been the source of many pharmaceuticals, as a source of tissue selective estrogens. Extracts from two plants, Glycyrrhiza uralensis (RG) and Pueraria montana var. lobata (RP) bound to ERα, activated ERα responsive reporters, and reversed weight gain and fat accumulation comparable to estradiol in ovariectomized obese mice maintained on a high fat diet. Unlike estradiol, RG and RP did not induce proliferative effects on mammary gland and uterus. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that RG and RP induced estradiol-like regulation of genes in abdominal fat, but not in mammary gland and uterus. The compounds in extracts from RG and RP might constitute a new class of tissue selective estrogens to reverse weight gain, fat accumulation and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar I. Vivar
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | | | - Xiaoyue Zhao
- Bionovo Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Moshe Olshansky
- Division of Bioinformatics, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Baggett
- Bionovo Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Isaac Cohen
- Bionovo Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Terence P. Speed
- Division of Bioinformatics, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - John D. Baxter
- Diabetes Center and Cancer Research Unit, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dale C. Leitman
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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