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Li X, Wang Y, Liu C, Fu G, Li J, Zhang J. Beraprost sodium attenuates the development of myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction by regulating GSK-3β expression in rats. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1050. [PMID: 38018586 PMCID: PMC10633815 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of beraprost sodium (BPS) in the intervention of myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) through glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and to provide new ideas for intervention in myocardial fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS MI model rats given BPS and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) treated with BPS and TGF-β. HE staining and Masson staining were used to detect the pathological changes of myocardial tissue. Fibrotic markers were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The expressions of GSK-3β, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and p-CREB were analyzed by qPCR and western blot analysis. EDU staining was used to detect the proliferation of CFs. The promoter activity of GSK-3β was detected by luciferase assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to detect the binding levels of GSK-3β promoter and Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1). The levels of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS After operation, BPS improved myocardial fibrosis and upregulated GSK-3β protein expression in male SD rats. BPS can down-regulate α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) level and up-regulate GSK-3β protein expression in CFs after TGF-β stimulation. Furthermore, GSK-3β knockdown can reverse the effect of BPS on TGF-β-activated CFs, enhance α-SMA expression, and promote the proliferation of CFs. BPS could regulate GSK-3β expression by promoting the binding of GSK-3β promoter to YBX1. BPS induced upregulation of p-CREB and cAMP, resulting in reduced fibrosis, which was reversed by the knockdown of GSK-3β or prostaglandin receptor (IPR) antagonists. CONCLUSION BPS treatment increased the binding of YBX1 to the GSK-3β promoter, and GSK-3β protein expression was upregulated, which further caused the upregulation of p-CREB and cAMP, and finally inhibited myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Xing Li
- Department of Extracorporeal Life Support CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yun‐Zhe Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Chuang Liu
- Department of Extracorporeal Life Support CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Wei Fu
- Department of Extracorporeal Life Support CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Extracorporeal Life Support CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jin‐Ying Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Henan Province′s Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
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Allahham M, Lerman A, Atar D, Birnbaum Y. Why Not Dipyridamole: a Review of Current Guidelines and Re-evaluation of Utility in the Modern Era. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 36:525-532. [PMID: 34245446 PMCID: PMC8271326 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dipyridamole is an old anti-platelet and coronary vasodilator agent that inhibits platelet phosphodiesterase and increases interstitial adenosine levels. Its use in coronary artery disease (CAD) has fallen out of practice in the modern era with the advent of new anti-platelet agents, and most modern guidelines on the management of CAD either neglect to comment on its utility or outright recommend against it. The majority of the studies used in these guidelines are outdated and took place in an era when high doses of aspirin were used and statins were not widely utilized. There is growing evidence in rat models of dipyridamole's synergy with statins through adenosine modulation resulting in significant myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury and limitation of infract size. The data in human studies are limited but show a similar potential synergy between dipyridamole and statins. It would thus be prudent to reconsider the recommendations against the use of dipyridamole in CAD and to re-evaluate its possible role and potential benefits through well-designed randomized trials combining it with statins, low-dose aspirin, and/or other anti-platelet agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Allahham
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - A Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D Atar
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Y Birnbaum
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Linagliptin, A Xanthine-Based Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:527-542. [PMID: 34222724 PMCID: PMC8246030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, alleviates not only EAM but also ICIM. DPP-4 physically interacts with cathepsin G and enhances its activity. Linagliptin promotes SerpinA3N activity, thereby suppressing cathepsin G activity. Cathepsin G aggravates EAM through upregulating angiotensin II. Linagliptin suppresses oxidative stress in EAM hearts.
This study sought to show the mechanism of how to ameliorate experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) by administering dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor linagliptin. The number of RAR-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma–positive Th17 cells infiltrated to the EAM myocardium was significantly attenuated by linagliptin treatment. Tandem mass spectrometry–based analysis demonstrated that DPP-4 binds to cathepsin G in EAM hearts, thereby protecting cathepsin G activity through inhibiting SerpinA3N activity. Linagliptin suppresses oxidative stress in EAM hearts as well. Thus, we found that DPP-4 plays a detrimental role in the progression of EAM by interacting with cathepsin G, which, in turn, suppresses SerpinA3N activity.
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Siraj MA, Mundil D, Beca S, Momen A, Shikatani EA, Afroze T, Sun X, Liu Y, Ghaffari S, Lee W, Wheeler MB, Keller G, Backx P, Husain M. Cardioprotective GLP-1 metabolite prevents ischemic cardiac injury by inhibiting mitochondrial trifunctional protein-α. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1392-1404. [PMID: 31985487 DOI: 10.1172/jci99934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms mediating the cardioprotective actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were unknown. Here, we show in both ex vivo and in vivo models of ischemic injury that treatment with GLP-1(28-36), a neutral endopeptidase-generated (NEP-generated) metabolite of GLP-1, was as cardioprotective as GLP-1 and was abolished by scrambling its amino acid sequence. GLP-1(28-36) enters human coronary artery endothelial cells (caECs) through macropinocytosis and acts directly on mouse and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (caSMCs) and caECs, resulting in soluble adenylyl cyclase Adcy10-dependent (sAC-dependent) increases in cAMP, activation of protein kinase A, and cytoprotection from oxidative injury. GLP-1(28-36) modulates sAC by increasing intracellular ATP levels, with accompanying cAMP accumulation lost in sAC-/- cells. We identify mitochondrial trifunctional protein-α (MTPα) as a binding partner of GLP-1(28-36) and demonstrate that the ability of GLP-1(28-36) to shift substrate utilization from oxygen-consuming fatty acid metabolism toward oxygen-sparing glycolysis and glucose oxidation and to increase cAMP levels is dependent on MTPα. NEP inhibition with sacubitril blunted the ability of GLP-1 to increase cAMP levels in coronary vascular cells in vitro. GLP-1(28-36) is a small peptide that targets novel molecular (MTPα and sAC) and cellular (caSMC and caEC) mechanisms in myocardial ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahsan Siraj
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dhanwantee Mundil
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanja Beca
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Abdul Momen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric A Shikatani
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Talat Afroze
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuetao Sun
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siavash Ghaffari
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren Lee
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry.,Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon Keller
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and
| | - Peter Backx
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, and.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and.,Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Takeda Y, Matoba K, Sekiguchi K, Nagai Y, Yokota T, Utsunomiya K, Nishimura R. Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E182. [PMID: 32610588 PMCID: PMC7400447 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a worldwide health issue closely associated with cardiovascular events. Given the pandemic of obesity, the identification of the basic underpinnings of vascular disease is strongly needed. Emerging evidence has suggested that endothelial dysfunction is a critical step in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, how diabetes affects the endothelium is poorly understood. Experimental and clinical studies have illuminated the tight link between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, macrophage polarization from M2 towards M1 contributes to the process of endothelial damage. The possibility that novel classes of anti-hyperglycemic agents exert beneficial effects on the endothelial function and macrophage polarization has been raised. In this review, we discuss the current status of knowledge regarding the pathological significance of insulin signaling in endothelium. Finally, we summarize recent therapeutic strategies against endothelial dysfunction with an emphasis on macrophage polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takeda
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Keiichiro Matoba
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Kensuke Sekiguchi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Yosuke Nagai
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Tamotsu Yokota
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Kazunori Utsunomiya
- Center for Preventive Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
| | - Rimei Nishimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
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Birnbaum Y, Tran D, Bajaj M, Ye Y. DPP-4 inhibition by linagliptin prevents cardiac dysfunction and inflammation by targeting the Nlrp3/ASC inflammasome. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:35. [PMID: 31388770 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We compared the effects of linagliptin (Lina, a DPP4 inhibitor) and GLP-1 receptor activation by exenatide followed by exendin-4 in an infusion pump (EX) on infarct size (IS), post-infarction activation of the inflammasome and remodeling in wild-type (WT) and db/db diabetic mice. Mice underwent 30 min ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion. IS was assessed by TTC. Additional mice underwent permanent coronary artery occlusion. Echocardiography was performed 2w after infarction. Activation of the inflammasome in the border zone of the infarction was assessed by rt-PCR and ELISA 2w after reperfusion. Further in vitro experiments were done using primary human cardiofibroblasts and cardiomyocytes exposed to simulated ischemia-reoxygenation. Lina and EX limited IS in both the WT and the db/db mice. Lina and EX equally improved ejection fraction in both the WT and the db/db mice. mRNA levels of ASC, NALP3, IL-1β, IL-6, Collagen-1, and Collagen-3 were higher in the db/db mice than in the WT mice. Infarction increased these levels in the WT and db/db mice. Lina more than EX attenuated the increase in ASC, NALP3, IL-1β, IL-6, Collagen-1 and Collagen-3, TNFα and IL-1β, and decreased apoptosis, especially in the db/db mice. In vitro experiments showed that Lina, but not EX, attenuated the increase in TLR4 expression, an effect that was dependent on p38 activation with downstream upregulation of Let-7i and miR-146b levels. Lina and EX had similar effects on IS and post-infarction function, but Lina attenuated the activation of the inflammasome and the upregulation of collagen-1 and collagen-3 more than direct GLP-1 receptor activation. This effect depends on p38 activation with downstream upregulation of miR-146b levels that suppresses TLR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Birnbaum
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Texas Heart Institute, Baylor St Luke Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Dat Tran
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mandeep Bajaj
- Section of Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yumei Ye
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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7
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Packer M. Is the Way to Someone's Heart Through Their Stomach? The Cardiorenal Paradox of Incretin-Based Hypoglycemic Drugs in Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 10:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004551. [PMID: 29021350 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.117.004551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- From the Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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8
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial function is important for maintaining the homeostasis of the living body. Especially, nitric oxide (NO) produced in vascular endothelial cells regulates blood vessel tone and has an antiatherosclerotic effect. Type 2 diabetes is a typical disease that causes impaired vascular endothelial function, resulting in various vascular complications and damage to organs. Cardiovascular disease associated with type 2 diabetes is a chronic inflammatory disease that starts with endothelial dysfunction (ED), and vascular ED is important as an initial change in arteriosclerotic lesions. Vascular ED in type 2 diabetes is thought to be caused by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin resistance, and hypoglycemia, in which elevated oxidative stress accompanying postprandial hyperglycemia and blood glucose fluctuation are involved. Vascular ED is also caused by postprandial metabolic abnormalities, so correcting postprandial metabolic abnormalities is also important. Meanwhile, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, thiazolidine, biguanide and Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor have an effect of protecting vascular endothelial function beyond glycemic control. In order to promote a healthy lifestyle for diabetes patients, it is important not only to lower HbA1c but also to avoid postprandial hyperglycemia, blood glucose fluctuation, and hypoglycemia. It is also important to conduct treatment with a view to suppressing vascular complications, such as the selection of antiarteriosclerosis medications.
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9
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wang K, Zhu K, Zheng X, Wang L, Luan Y, Wang X, Lu H, Wu K, Chen X, He D, Liu Y. Activation of type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in bladder cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2741-2755. [PMID: 30145816 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of UrologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of UrologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Department of UrologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of UrologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
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10
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Coskun ZM, Koyuturk M, Karabulut S, Bolkent S. CB-1R and GLP-1R gene expressions and oxidative stress in the liver of diabetic rats treated with sitagliptin. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:822-829. [PMID: 28599244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a major health problem affecting millions of people. Controlled eating and regular physical activity are important for the management of type 2 diabetes. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin is a potent agent for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of sitagliptin on the liver of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, in terms of (i) the expression levels of the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB-1R) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R), (ii) alterations in the number and localization of these peptides, and (iii) changes in histological and oxidative damage. METHODS Thirty-two neonatal (two-day-old) rats, which were divided into four groups, were treated with saline (control), sitagliptin (control; 1.5mg/kg/day for 15 days starting from day 5 of the experimental period), STZ (diabetes; 100mg/kg single dose), STZ+sitagliptin (diabetes+sitagliptin). After 20 days, hepatic tissues were obtained from rats. RESULTS The expressions of GLP-1R and CB-1R mRNA increased approximately 1.89- and 2.94-fold, respectively, in the diabetes+sitagliptin group as compared to the diabetic group. Additionally the number of GLP-1R immunopositive cells decreased and CB-1R immunopositive cells increased in comparison to the diabetic group; however, this was not statistically significant. Glutathione levels increased, but malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels decreased in the diabetes+sitagliptin group more than the diabetic group. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that sitagliptin treatment regulates GLP-1R and CB-1R gene expressions, which are associated with appetite regulation in diabetic rat, and may decrease oxidative stress and liver tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Mine Coskun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Koyuturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezin Karabulut
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Bolkent
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Das UN. Lipoxin A4 as a possible mediator of the beneficial actions of phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme inhibitors. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:263-266. [PMID: 28144281 PMCID: PMC5206380 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.64723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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12
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Cameron RB, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Development of Therapeutics That Induce Mitochondrial Biogenesis for the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Degenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10411-10434. [PMID: 27560192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have various roles in cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Because mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many acute and chronic degenerative diseases, mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) is a therapeutic target for treating such diseases. Here, we review the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in acute and chronic degenerative diseases and the cellular signaling pathways by which MB is induced. We then review existing work describing the development and application of drugs that induce MB in vitro and in vivo. In particular, we discuss natural products and modulators of transcription factors, kinases, cyclic nucleotides, and G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Cameron
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , 280 Calhoun Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States.,College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , 280 Calhoun Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , 280 Calhoun Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States.,College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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13
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Birnbaum Y, Bajaj M, Qian J, Ye Y. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by Saxagliptin prevents inflammation and renal injury by targeting the Nlrp3/ASC inflammasome. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2016; 4:e000227. [PMID: 27547413 PMCID: PMC4985834 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation delays the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rodents. The NOD-like receptor 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome plays an important role in DN. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4I) inhibit the degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and various other active substances. We assessed whether DPP4I attenuates diabetes-induced activation of the inflammasome and progression of DN in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS BTBR (T2DM), Akita (T1DM) and their matched non-diabetic control (wild-type (WT)) mice received 8-week treatment with Saxagliptin (Saxa) or vehicle. RESULTS Kidney weight and kidney/body weight ratio increased in the BTBR and Akita mice compared to their WT mice. Saxa attenuated these changes in the BTBR, but not in the Akita mice and had no effect in the WT mice. Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine significantly increased in the BTBR and Akita mice. Saxa attenuated the increase in the BTBR and Akita mice. Saxa improved glycemic control in the BTBR mice, but had no effect on glucose levels in the Akita and WT mice. Serum C reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly higher in the BTBR and Akita mice than in the WT mice. Saxa attenuated the increase in the BTBR and Akita mice. Kidney and adipose protein levels of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein 1, NLRP3, TNFα and Caspase-1 were higher in the BTBR and Akita mice than in the WT mice. Saxa reduced the levels in both types of diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Saxa attenuated diabetes-induced activation of the inflammasome and progression of DN. As Saxa did not affect glucose levels in the Akita mice, these effects are independent of glucose lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Birnbaum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mandeep Bajaj
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jinqiao Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yumei Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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14
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Birnbaum Y, Nanhwan MK, Ling S, Perez-Polo JR, Ye Y, Bajaj M. PTEN upregulation may explain the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes with high dose statins. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 28:447-57. [PMID: 25106875 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Statins increase the incidence of new onset diabetes. Prolonged statin therapy upregulates PTEN expression. PTEN levels are also elevated in diabetic animals. Activation of protein kinase A by cAMP decreases PTEN expression. We assessed whether prolonged treatment with rosuvastatin (ROS) induces glucose intolerance by upregulating Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue on Chromosome 10 (PTEN) in mice receiving normal (ND) or Western Diet (WD) and whether concomitant treatment with cilostazol (CIL, a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor) attenuates the effects. METHODS PTEN(loxp/cre) or PTEN(+/-) mice received ND or WD without or with ROS (10 mg/kg/day). Wild-type mice received ND or WD without or with ROS, CIL (10 mg/kg/day), or ROS+CIL for 30 days. Fasting insulin and glucose tolerance test were measured as well as PTEN and P-AKT levels in skeletal muscle. RESULTS Serum glucose after intraperitoneal injection of glucose was higher in PTEN(loxp/cre) mice receiving WD or ROS and especially WD+ROS. Levels were lower in PTEN(+/-) mice compared to PTEN(loxp/cre) in each treatment group. CIL decreased glucose levels in mice receiving WD, ROS and their combination. Insulin levels were higher in the WD+ROS group. CIL decreased insulin in mice receiving WD+ROS. WD, ROS and especially their combination increased PTEN and decreased P-AKT levels. CIL attenuated the effect of WD, ROS and their combination. CONCLUSIONS Long-term ROS can induce diabetes by upregulating PTEN. CIL attenuates these changes. Partial knockdown of PTEN also ameliorates ROS-induced insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of increasing cAMP levels to prevent the induction of diabetes by statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Birnbaum
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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15
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Targeted disruption of PDE3B, but not PDE3A, protects murine heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2253-62. [PMID: 25877153 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416230112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 3 (PDE3) has been reported to protect rodent heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, neither the specific PDE3 isoform involved nor the underlying mechanisms have been identified. Targeted disruption of PDE3 subfamily B (PDE3B), but not of PDE3 subfamily A (PDE3A), protected mouse heart from I/R injury in vivo and in vitro, with reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function. The cardioprotective effect in PDE3B(-/-) heart was reversed by blocking cAMP-dependent PKA and by paxilline, an inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium-activated K channels, the opening of which is potentiated by cAMP/PKA signaling. Compared with WT mitochondria, PDE3B(-/-) mitochondria were enriched in antiapoptotic Bcl-2, produced less reactive oxygen species, and more frequently contacted transverse tubules where PDE3B was localized with caveolin-3. Moreover, a PDE3B(-/-) mitochondrial fraction containing connexin-43 and caveolin-3 was more resistant to Ca(2+)-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Proteomics analyses indicated that PDE3B(-/-) heart mitochondria fractions were enriched in buoyant ischemia-induced caveolin-3-enriched fractions (ICEFs) containing cardioprotective proteins. Accumulation of proteins into ICEFs was PKA dependent and was achieved by ischemic preconditioning or treatment of WT heart with the PDE3 inhibitor cilostamide. Taken together, these findings indicate that PDE3B deletion confers cardioprotective effects because of cAMP/PKA-induced preconditioning, which is associated with the accumulation of proteins with cardioprotective function in ICEFs. To our knowledge, our study is the first to define a role for PDE3B in cardioprotection against I/R injury and suggests PDE3B as a target for cardiovascular therapies.
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16
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Yoon AH, Ye Y, Birnbaum Y. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and ischemic myocardial injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 19:417-25. [PMID: 24607763 DOI: 10.1177/1074248414524482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events and patient death. Many animal and clinical studies are now being conducted exploring the potential of antidiabetic drugs such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors to improve cardiovascular outcomes. This review summarizes the effect of DPP-IV inhibitors on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal models. The DPP-IV inhibitors prevent the rapid degradation and inactivation of incretins and lead to the accumulation of GLP-1 and other chemokines and cytokines, which appear to have both GLP-1 receptor-dependent and -independent cardioprotective, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Conflicting results, however, have been reported regarding the effect of DPP-IV inhibitors on infarct size in nondiabetic and diabetic animal models. Some studies suggest that DPP-IV inhibitors given as part of preconditioning can decrease infarct size while others found no difference in infarct size compared to placebo. As postconditioning, one study suggested it does provide cardioprotection. No clinical trials have yet been conducted addressing the effect of DPP-IV inhibitors on infarct size. Thus far, clinical trials have not demonstrated improvement in cardiovascular events or mortality from any cause in high cardiovascular risk, type 2 diabetic patients with the use of DPP-IV inhibitors. Although further experiments and clinical trials will be warranted to confirm the results of these studies, the myocardial protection afforded by DPP-IV inhibitors in preclinical animal studies poses a potential breakthrough role for antidiabetic medications in attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion injury that occurs with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa H Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yumei Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yochai Birnbaum
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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The emerging role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in cardiovascular protection: current position and perspectives. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 27:297-307. [PMID: 23645229 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4 or CD26) inhibitors, a new class of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents that prolong the bioavailability of the endogenously secreted incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are effective in the treatment of diabetes. Accumulating data have indicated that DPP-4 inhibitors play important protective roles in the cardiovascular system. DPP-4 inhibitors act to decrease myocardial infarct size, stabilize the cardiac electrophysiological state during myocardial ischemia, reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury, and prevent left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Moreover, DPP-4 inhibitors can mobilize stem/progenitor cells to move to sites of cardiovascular injury, thus further promoting tissue repair. In addition, DPP-4 inhibitors not only improve myocardial metabolism but also regulate cardioactive peptides. DPP-4 inhibitors can also protect the vasculature through their anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects and through the ability of the inhibitors to promote vascular relaxation. Finally, the potential effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on blood pressure and lipid metabolism have also been investigated. However, some reports on the cardioprotective activities of DPP-4 inhibitors are controversial. Herein, we summarize the available data on cardiovascular protection by DPP-4 inhibitors that have emerged in recent years and discuss current position and future perspectives concerning the use of DPP-4 inhibitors in cardiovascular medicine.
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18
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Clarke SJ, McCormick LM, Dutka DP. Optimising cardioprotection during myocardial ischaemia: targeting potential intracellular pathways with glucagon-like peptide-1. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:12. [PMID: 24410815 PMCID: PMC3893610 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease and type-2 diabetes are both major global health burdens associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Following MI, ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a significant contributor to myocardial injury at the cellular level. Research has focussed on identifying a strategy or intervention to minimise IRI to optimise reperfusion therapy, with the aim of delivering a superior clinical outcome. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1, already an established basis for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, also has the potential to protect against IRI. We explain the physiology and cellular processes involved in IRI, and the intracellular pathways activated by GLP-1, which could intercept IRI and deliver cardioprotection. The review also examines the current preclinical and clinical evidence for GLP-1 in cardioprotection and future directions for research as we look for an effective adjunctive treatment to minimise IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David P Dutka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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Cyclic AMP and PKA: how can a lot of good come from the potentially bad? : editorial to: "phosphodiesterase III inhibition increases cAMP levels and augments the infarct size limiting effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor in mice with type-2 diabetes mellitus" by Y. Birnbaum et al. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2013; 26:435-6. [PMID: 23054030 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-012-6418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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20
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Ling S, Birnbaum Y, Nanhwan MK, Thomas B, Bajaj M, Li Y, Li Y, Ye Y. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) crosstalk via microRNA interference in the diabetic heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:352. [PMID: 23636253 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulate mRNA transcripts containing common microRNA (miRNA) recognition elements (MREs) through sequestration of shared miRNAs. Interactions of ceRNA have been demonstrated in cancerous cells. However, a paucity of information is available relative to the interactions of ceRNAs interaction in diabetes mellitus and the myocardium. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential role of DKK1 and PTEN in ceRNA regulation utilizing their common miRNAs in diabetic cardiomyocytes. The interactions' regulation between PTEN and DKK1 were determined in two diabetic models in vivo (streptozotocin-induced type-1 DM mice and db/db mice) and in vitro (human cardiomyocytes cells exposed to hyperglycemia). The levels of DKK1 and PTEN (mRNA and protein) were upregulated in parallel in all three diabetic models. DKK1 modulates PTEN protein levels in a miRNA and 3'UTR-dependent manner. RNAi-mediated DKK1 gene silencing resulted in a decreased PTEN expression and vice versa. The effect was blocked when Dicer was inhibited. Silencing either PTEN or DKK1 resulted in an increase of the availabilities of shared miRNAs. The silencing of either PTEN or DKKI resulted in a suppression end of the luciferase-PTEN 3'UTR activity. However, the over expression of DKK1 3'UTR or PTEN 3'UTR resulted in an increase in the activity. The attenuation of DKK1 increased AKT phosphorylation, improved glucose uptake and decreased apoptosis in HCMs exposed to hyperglycemia. The effects were blocked by PI3K inhibition. DKK1 and PTEN transcripts are co-upregulated in DM and hyperglycemia. DKK1 and PTEN serve as ceRNA, affecting the expression of each other via competition for miRNAs binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukuan Ling
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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21
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Ye Y, Birnbaum Y. Cyclic AMP-mediated pleiotropic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation. Focus on "Exendin-4 attenuates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of SERCA2a". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C505-7. [PMID: 23364263 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00419.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Jialal I, Bajaj M. DPP-4 inhibitors and atherosclerosis: the promise. Atherosclerosis 2013; 227:224-5. [PMID: 23395524 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishwarlal Jialal
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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