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Wu W, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Yang W, Fan X, Xu J, Huang Z, Shao Q. Overexpression of sonic hedgehog enhances the osteogenesis in rat ectomesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2022; 23:569-580. [PMID: 35147838 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-09994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ectoderm-derived mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) were used as potential seed cells for bone tissue engineering to treat bone defects due to their capability of rapid proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling was reported to play an important role in the development of bone tissue, but its role is not understood. The present study investigated the role of Shh molecule in osteogenic differentiation of rat EMSCs in vitro. Rat EMSCs were isolated form nasal respiratory mucosa and identified with immunofluorescence and analyzed with other methods, including reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting. EMSCs expressed CD90, CD105, nestin, and vimentin. On the seventh day of osteogenic induction, expression levels of Shh and Gli1 was higher according to the result of qPCR and Western blotting. After induction for 14 days, higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and more mineralized nodules were seen in comparison to the cells that did not undergo induction. Shh signaling appears to enhance osteogenic differentiation of rat EMSCs, suggesting that Shh signaling directs the lineage differentiation of ectodermal stem cells and represents a promising strategy for skeletal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Wu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jili Xu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Promoting motor functions in a spinal cord injury model of rats using transplantation of differentiated human olfactory stem cells: A step towards future therapy. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113205. [PMID: 33636233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (hOE-MSCs) derived from the human olfactory mucosa (OM) can be easily isolated and expanded in cultures while their immense plasticity is maintained. To mitigate ethical concerns, the hOE-MSCs can be also transplanted across allogeneic barriers, making them desirable cells for clinical applications. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of administering the hOE-MSCs on a spinal cord injury (SCI) model of rats. These cells were accordingly isolated and cultured, and then treated in the neurobasal medium containing serum-free Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium (DMEM) and Ham's F-12 Medium (DMEM/F12) with 2% B27 for two days. Afterwards, the pre-induced cells were incubated in N2B27 with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), fibroblast growth factor 8b (FGF8b), sonic hedgehog (SHH), and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) for six days. The efficacy of the induced cells was additionally evaluated using immunocytochemistry (ICC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The differentiated cells were similarly transplanted into the SC contusions. Functional recovery was further conducted on a weekly basis for eight consecutive weeks. Moreover, cell integration was assessed via conventional histology and ICC, whose results revealed the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) marker at the induction stage. According to the RT-PCR findings, the highest expression level of insulin gene-enhancer protein (islet-1), oligodendrocyte transcription factor (Olig2), and homeobox protein HB9 was observed at the induction stage. The number of engraftment cells also rose (approximately by 2.5 % ± 0.1) in the motor neuron-like cells derived from the hOE-MSCs-grafted group compared with the OE-MSCs-grafted one. The functional analysis correspondingly revealed that locomotor and sensory scores considerably improved in the rats in the treatment group. These findings suggested that motor neuron-like cells derived from the hOE-MSCs could be utilized as an alternative cell-based therapeutic strategy for SCI.
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Sun R, Xu S, Wang Z. Rat sinus mucosa- and periosteum-derived exosomes accelerate osteogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21947-21961. [PMID: 31074002 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly used for alveolar bone augmentation. The paracrine mechanism in the field of bone tissue engineering has been emphasized in recent years and exosomes are considered to have the potential of promoting osteogenesis. We aimed to study the influence of sinus mucosa and periosteum on bone regeneration through paracrine stimulation, especially via exosomes, and compare the differences between them. Here, we report that conditioned medium (CM) from sinus mucosa-derived cells (SMCs) and periosteum-derived cells (PCs) and the isolated exosomes enhanced the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in vitro. A rat model of femoral bone defects was used to demonstrate that the exosomes derived from SMCs (SMC-Exos) and PCs (PC-Exos) can accelerate bone formation in vivo. Furthermore, we present a preliminary discussion of the possible functional components involved in the effects of SMC-Exos and PC-Exos on bone regeneration. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the sinus mucosa and periosteum can accelerate osteogenesis through paracrine effects and the exosomes play important roles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruinan Sun
- Department of Oral Implant, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyu Xu
- Department of Oral Implant, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuolin Wang
- Department of Oral Implant, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Rat Nasal Respiratory Mucosa-Derived Ectomesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiate into Schwann-Like Cells Promoting the Differentiation of PC12 Cells and Forming Myelin In Vitro. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:328957. [PMID: 26339250 PMCID: PMC4539076 DOI: 10.1155/2015/328957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell (SC) transplantation as a cell-based therapy can enhance peripheral and central nerve repair experimentally, but it is limited by the donor site morbidity for clinical application. We investigated weather respiratory mucosa stem cells (REMSCs), a kind of ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), isolated from rat nasal septum can differentiate into functional Schwann-like cells (SC-like cells). REMSCs proliferated quickly in vitro and expressed the neural crest markers (nestin, vimentin, SOX10, and CD44). Treated with a mixture of glial growth factors for 7 days, REMSCs differentiated into SC-like cells. The differentiated REMSCs (dREMSCs) exhibited a spindle-like morphology similar to SC cells. Immunocytochemical staining and Western blotting indicated that SC-like cells expressed the glial markers (GFAP, S100β, Galc, and P75) and CNPase. When cocultured with dREMSCs for 5 days, PC12 cells differentiated into mature neuron-like cells with long neurites. More importantly, dREMSCs could form myelin structures with the neurites of PC12 cells at 21 days in vitro. Our data indicated that REMSCs, a kind of EMSCs, could differentiate into SC-like cells and have the ability to promote the differentiation of PC12 cells and form myelin in vitro.
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