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Gómez R, Neri-Bazán RM, Posadas-Mondragon A, Vizcaíno-Dorado PA, Magaña JJ, Aguilar-Faisal JL. Molecular Assessments, Statistical Effectiveness Parameters and Genetic Structure of Captive Populations of Tursiops truncatus Using 15 STRs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141857. [PMID: 35883404 PMCID: PMC9312175 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The bottlenose dolphins are one of the most used species in entertainment, assisted therapy, education, and research on welfare. However, their maintenance in captivity requires powerful and sensitive tools for preserving their diversity. The number of genetic markers for this purpose remains controversial, restraining the marine species’ genetic diversity determination. We aimed to select 15 hypervariable molecular markers whose statistical parameters were made in 210 captive dolphins from 18 Mexican centers to support their usefulness. The proposed set of markers allowed us to obtain a genetic fingerprint of each dolphin. Additionally, we identified the structure of the captive population, analyzing the groups according to the capture location. Such characterization is key for maintaining the captive species’ biodiversity rates within conservation and reintroduction programs. However, these 15 genetic markers can also be helpful for small- isolated populations, subspecies and other genera of endangered and vulnerable species. Abstract Genetic analysis is a conventional way of identifying and monitoring captive and wildlife species. Knowledge of statistical parameters reinforcing their usefulness and effectiveness as powerful tools for preserving diversity is crucial. Although several studies have reported the diversity of cetaceans such as Tursiops truncatus using microsatellites, its informative degree has been poorly reported. Furthermore, the genetic structure of this cetacean has not been fully studied. In the present study, we selected 15 microsatellites with which 210 dolphins were genetically characterized using capillary electrophoresis. The genetic assertiveness of this set of hypervariable markers identified one individual in the range of 6.927e13 to 1.806e16, demonstrating its substantial capability in kinship relationships. The genetic structure of these 210 dolphins was also determined regarding the putative capture origin; a genetic stratification (k = 2) was found. An additional dolphin group of undetermined origin was also characterized to challenge the proficiency of our chosen markers. The set of markers proposed herein could be a helpful tool to guarantee the maintenance of the genetic diversity rates in conservation programs both in Tursiops truncatus and across other odontocetes, Mysticeti and several genera of endangered and vulnerable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Gómez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Rocío M. Neri-Bazán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ESM-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (R.M.N.-B.); (A.P.-M.)
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra-Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Araceli Posadas-Mondragon
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ESM-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (R.M.N.-B.); (A.P.-M.)
| | - Pablo A. Vizcaíno-Dorado
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra-Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Jonathan J. Magaña
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra-Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
- Departamento de Bioingenieria, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey-Campus Ciudad de México (ITESM-CCM), Mexico City 14380, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.J.M.); (J.L.A.-F.)
| | - José Leopoldo Aguilar-Faisal
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ESM-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (R.M.N.-B.); (A.P.-M.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.M.); (J.L.A.-F.)
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Loizaga R, Grandi F, Cunha H, Crespo E. New genetic diversity for endangered bottlenose dolphin subspecies along the Argentine coast. MAMMALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2019-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study analyzed mtDNA sequences of two bottlenose dolphin subspecies found along the northern Patagonian coast, Argentina: the endangered Tursiops truncatus gephyreus and the data deficient Tursiops truncatus truncatus. Three haplotypes were recovered from nine samples. The most frequent haplotype represented the coastal morph, also two haplotypes showing falcate dorsal fin, a characteristic describing the oceanic morph. This finding suggests that both morphs may exist in sympatry in Argentina. Furthermore, sampling was extended beyond the species’ previously known range, including individuals as far as seven hundred kilometers to the south. Therefore, new genetic data, despite being preliminary, hint at an unexpectedly higher genetic diversity of matrilines than previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Loizaga
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos , Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR, CONICET), (U9120ACD) , Puerto Madryn , Chubut , Argentina
| | - Florencia Grandi
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos , Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR, CONICET), (U9120ACD) , Puerto Madryn , Chubut , Argentina
| | - Haydée Cunha
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores , Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, (CEP20550-013) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Enrique Crespo
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos , Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR, CONICET), (U9120ACD) , Puerto Madryn , Chubut , Argentina
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Genoves RC, Fruet PF, Di Tullio JC, Möller LM, Secchi ER. Spatiotemporal use predicts social partitioning of bottlenose dolphins with strong home range overlap. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12597-12614. [PMID: 30619567 PMCID: PMC6309009 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ranging behaviour and temporal patterns of individuals are known to be fundamental sources of variation in social networks. Spatiotemporal dynamics can both provide and inhibit opportunities for individuals to associate, and should therefore be considered in social analysis. This study investigated the social structure of a Lahille's bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus gephyreus) population, which shows different spatiotemporal patterns of use and gregariousness between individuals. For this, we constructed an initial social network using association indices corrected for gregariousness and then uncovered affiliations from this social network using generalized affiliation indices. The association-based social network strongly supported that this dolphin population consists of four social units highly correlated to spatiotemporal use patterns. Excluding the effects of gregariousness and spatiotemporal patterns, the affiliation-based social network suggested an additional two social units. Although the affiliation-based social units shared a large part of their core areas, space and/or time use by individuals of the different units were generally distinct. Four of the units were strongly associated with both estuarine and shallow coastal areas, while the other two units were restricted to shallow coastal waters to the south (SC) and north of the estuary (NC), respectively. Interactions between individuals of different social units also occurred, but dolphins from the NC were relatively more isolated and mainly connected to SC dolphins. From a conservation management perspective, it is recommended that information about the dolphin social units should be incorporated in modeling intrapopulation dynamics and viability, as well as for investigating patterns of gene flow among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C. Genoves
- Museu Oceanográfico ‘Prof. Eliézer de C. Rios’Rio GrandeRSBrazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha – EcoMega, Instituto de OceanografiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)Rio GrandeRSBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Oceanografia BiológicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)Rio GrandeRSBrazil
- KaosaRio GrandeRSBrazil
- Cetacean Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution LaboratoryFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
- Molecular Ecology LaboratoryFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Pedro F. Fruet
- Museu Oceanográfico ‘Prof. Eliézer de C. Rios’Rio GrandeRSBrazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha – EcoMega, Instituto de OceanografiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)Rio GrandeRSBrazil
- KaosaRio GrandeRSBrazil
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos – CMAICMBio/MMASantosSPBrazil
| | - Juliana C. Di Tullio
- Museu Oceanográfico ‘Prof. Eliézer de C. Rios’Rio GrandeRSBrazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha – EcoMega, Instituto de OceanografiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)Rio GrandeRSBrazil
- KaosaRio GrandeRSBrazil
| | - Luciana M. Möller
- Cetacean Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution LaboratoryFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
- Molecular Ecology LaboratoryFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Eduardo R. Secchi
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha – EcoMega, Instituto de OceanografiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)Rio GrandeRSBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Oceanografia BiológicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)Rio GrandeRSBrazil
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Bayas-Rea RDLÁ, Félix F, Montufar R. Genetic divergence and fine scale population structure of the common bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus, Montagu) found in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4589. [PMID: 29707430 PMCID: PMC5916226 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, is widely distributed along the western coast of South America. In Ecuador, a resident population of bottlenose dolphins inhabits the inner estuarine area of the Gulf of Guayaquil located in the southwestern part of the country and is under threat from different human activities in the area. Only one genetic study on South American common bottlenose dolphins has been carried out to date, and understanding genetic variation of wildlife populations, especially species that are identified as threatened, is crucial for defining conservation units and developing appropriate conservation strategies. In order to evaluate the evolutionary link of this population, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships, phylogeographic patterns, and population structure using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The sampling comprised: (i) 31 skin samples collected from free-ranging dolphins at three locations in the Gulf of Guayaquil inner estuary, (ii) 38 samples from stranded dolphins available at the collection of the “Museo de Ballenas de Salinas,” (iii) 549 mtDNA control region (mtDNA CR) sequences from GenBank, and (iv) 66 concatenated sequences from 7-mtDNA regions (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, NADH dehydrogenase subunit I–II, cytochrome oxidase I and II, cytochrome b, and CR) obtained from mitogenomes available in GenBank. Our analyses indicated population structure between both inner and outer estuary dolphin populations as well as with distinct populations of T. truncatus using mtDNA CR. Moreover, the inner estuary bottlenose dolphin (estuarine bottlenose dolphin) population exhibited lower levels of genetic diversity than the outer estuary dolphin population according to the mtDNA CR. Finally, the estuarine bottlenose dolphin population was genetically distinct from other T. truncatus populations based on mtDNA CR and 7-mtDNA regions. From these results, we suggest that the estuarine bottlenose dolphin population should be considered a distinct lineage. This dolphin population faces a variety of anthropogenic threats in this area; thus, we highlight its fragility and urge authorities to issue prompt management and conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Félix
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Museo de Ballenas, Salinas, Ecuador
| | - Rommel Montufar
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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A new Synthesium species (Digenea: Brachycladiidae) from the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Southwestern Atlantic waters. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1443-1452. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Alonso MB, Maruya KA, Dodder NG, Lailson-Brito J, Azevedo A, Santos-Neto E, Torres JPM, Malm O, Hoh E. Nontargeted Screening of Halogenated Organic Compounds in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1176-1185. [PMID: 28055195 PMCID: PMC6263163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To catalog the diversity and abundance of halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) accumulating in high trophic marine species from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, tissue from bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) stranded or incidentally captured along the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed by a nontargeted approach based on GC×GC/TOF-MS. A total of 158 individual HOCs from 32 different structural classes were detected in the blubber of 4 adult male T. truncatus. Nearly 90% of the detected compounds are not routinely monitored in the environment. DDT-related and mirex/dechlorane-related compounds were the most abundant classes of anthropogenic origin. Methoxy-brominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs) and chlorinated methyl- and dimethyl bipyrroles (MBPs and DMBPs) were the most abundant natural products. Reported for the first time in southwestern Atlantic cetaceans and in contrast to North American marine mammals, chlorinated MBPs and DMBPs were more abundant than their brominated and/or mixed halogenated counterparts. HOC profiles in coastal T. truncatus from Brazil and California revealed a distinct difference, with a higher abundance of MeO-BDEs, mirex/dechloranes and chlorinated bipyrroles in the Brazilian dolphins. Thirty-six percent of the detected HOCs had an unknown structure. These results suggest broad geographical differences in the patterns of bioaccumulative chemicals found in the marine environment and indicate the need to develop more complete catalogs of HOCs from various marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B. Alonso
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Boulevard, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
- Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicators (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524 - S.4018 - Bl. E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, 20550-013
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes - Biophysics Institute (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS - Bl.G, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, 21941-902
| | - Keith A. Maruya
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Boulevard, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
| | - Nathan G. Dodder
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicators (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524 - S.4018 - Bl. E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, 20550-013
| | - Alexandre Azevedo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicators (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524 - S.4018 - Bl. E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, 20550-013
| | - Elitieri Santos-Neto
- Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicators (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524 - S.4018 - Bl. E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, 20550-013
| | - Joao P. M. Torres
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes - Biophysics Institute (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS - Bl.G, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, 21941-902
| | - Olaf Malm
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes - Biophysics Institute (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS - Bl.G, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, 21941-902
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Hohn AA, Thomas L, Carmichael RH, Litz J, Clemons-Chevis C, Shippee SF, Sinclair C, Smith S, Speakman TR, Tumlin MC, Zolman ES. Assigning stranded bottlenose dolphins to source stocks using stable isotope ratios following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Van Bressem MF, Simões-Lopes PC, Félix F, Kiszka JJ, Daura-Jorge FG, Avila IC, Secchi ER, Flach L, Fruet PF, du Toit K, Ott PH, Elwen S, Di Giacomo AB, Wagner J, Banks A, Van Waerebeek K. Epidemiology of lobomycosis-like disease in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops spp. from South America and southern Africa. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2015; 117:59-75. [PMID: 26575156 DOI: 10.3354/dao02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the epidemiology of lobomycosis-like disease (LLD), a cutaneous disorder evoking lobomycosis, in 658 common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from South America and 94 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins T. aduncus from southern Africa. Photographs and stranding records of 387 inshore residents, 60 inshore non-residents and 305 specimens of undetermined origin (inshore and offshore) were examined for the presence of LLD lesions from 2004 to 2015. Seventeen residents, 3 non-residents and 1 inshore dolphin of unknown residence status were positive. LLD lesions appeared as single or multiple, light grey to whitish nodules and plaques that may ulcerate and increase in size over time. Among resident dolphins, prevalence varied significantly among 4 communities, being low in Posorja (2.35%, n = 85), Ecuador, and high in Salinas, Ecuador (16.7%, n = 18), and Laguna, Brazil (14.3%, n = 42). LLD prevalence increased in 36 T. truncatus from Laguna from 5.6% in 2007-2009 to 13.9% in 2013-2014, albeit not significantly. The disease has persisted for years in dolphins from Mayotte, Laguna, Salinas, the Sanquianga National Park and Bahía Málaga (Colombia) but vanished from the Tramandaí Estuary and the Mampituba River (Brazil). The geographical range of LLD has expanded in Brazil, South Africa and Ecuador, in areas that have been regularly surveyed for 10 to 35 yr. Two of the 21 LLD-affected dolphins were found dead with extensive lesions in southern Brazil, and 2 others disappeared, and presumably died, in Ecuador. These observations stress the need for targeted epidemiological, histological and molecular studies of LLD in dolphins, especially in the Southern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Françoise Van Bressem
- Cetacean Conservation Medicine Group (CMED), Peruvian Centre for Cetacean Research (CEPEC), Museo de Delfines, Pucusana, Peru
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Fruet PF, Daura-Jorge FG, Möller LM, Genoves RC, Secchi ER. Abundance and demography of bottlenose dolphins inhabiting a subtropical estuary in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. J Mammal 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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