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Rodríguez-Rivas ME, Cangas AJ, Martin A, Romo J, Pérez JC, Valdebenito S, Cariola L, Onetto J, Hernández B, Ceric F, Cea P, Corrigan P. Reducing Stigma Toward People with Serious Mental Illness Through a Virtual Reality Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Games Health J 2024; 13:57-64. [PMID: 37695822 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2023.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stigma toward people with serious mental illnesses (SMI), like schizophrenia, is a serious global public health challenge that limits the quality of life of those affected and poses a major barrier that keeps people from seeking professional help. There is an urgent need for novel, effective, and scalable interventions to decrease stigmatized perceptions of chronic psychotic disorders and to reduce the health burden imposed by them. Method: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a new immersive virtual reality game (Inclúyete-VR) on the level of stigma toward people with SMI, measured by the Attribution questionnaire (AQ-27). Participants in the experimental group were exposed in an immersive way to hallucinations common in schizophrenia, then shown different psychosocial resources available for their recovery and social inclusion; those in the control group used VR software unrelated to mental health. VR sessions were delivered through Oculus headgear and lasted 25 minutes. Results: We randomly assigned 124 university students (55% female) to experimental or control conditions (n = 62 each). We used mixed ANOVA to compare outcomes before and after the intervention between the two groups. We found a significant intervention-by-time interaction (P < 0.001), with a reduction in the experimental group of overall stigma levels on the AQ-27 scale and its three subscales: dangerousness-fear, avoidance, and lack of solidarity (P < 0.001 for all). Conclusions: The Inclúyete-VR software proved effective in the short term in reducing stigma toward people with severe mental illness. The program's longer-term efficacy, scalability, and dissemination remain to be studied. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05393596.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adolfo J Cangas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Andrés Martin
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Javiera Romo
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Carola Pérez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sara Valdebenito
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Cariola
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Josefina Onetto
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Francisco Ceric
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cea
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Thornicroft G, Sunkel C, Alikhon Aliev A, Baker S, Brohan E, El Chammay R, Davies K, Demissie M, Duncan J, Fekadu W, Gronholm PC, Guerrero Z, Gurung D, Habtamu K, Hanlon C, Heim E, Henderson C, Hijazi Z, Hoffman C, Hosny N, Huang FX, Kline S, Kohrt BA, Lempp H, Li J, London E, Ma N, Mak WWS, Makhmud A, Maulik PK, Milenova M, Morales Cano G, Ouali U, Parry S, Rangaswamy T, Rüsch N, Sabri T, Sartorius N, Schulze M, Stuart H, Taylor Salisbury T, Vera San Juan N, Votruba N, Winkler P. The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health. Lancet 2022; 400:1438-1480. [PMID: 36223799 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK.
| | | | - Akmal Alikhon Aliev
- National Institute of Mental Health (Czechia), WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Sue Baker
- Mind international, London, UK; Changing Minds Globally, London, UK
| | - Elaine Brohan
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
| | | | - Kelly Davies
- Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
| | - Mekdes Demissie
- College of Health Sciences and Medicine, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Studies for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | | | - Wubalem Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Petra C Gronholm
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
| | - Zoe Guerrero
- National Institute of Mental Health (Czechia), WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Dristy Gurung
- Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK; Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO), Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Kassahun Habtamu
- Addis Ababa University, School of Psychology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Training, King's College London, London UK; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eva Heim
- Institut de Psychologie, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire Henderson
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
| | | | | | - Nadine Hosny
- Institut de Psychologie, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Brandon A Kohrt
- Division of Global Mental Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Heidi Lempp
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College London, London UK
| | - Jie Li
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ning Ma
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Winnie W S Mak
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Akerke Makhmud
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
| | - Pallab K Maulik
- George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Milenova
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
| | | | - Uta Ouali
- Razi Hospital and El Manar Medical School, University of Tunis, La Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Sarah Parry
- South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Nicolas Rüsch
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University and BKH Günzburg, Ulm, Germany; Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Taha Sabri
- Taskeen Health Initiative, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Norman Sartorius
- Association for the Improvement of Mental health Programs, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Tatiana Taylor Salisbury
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
| | - Norha Vera San Juan
- Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
| | - Nicole Votruba
- and Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Petr Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health (Czechia), WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, Klecany, Czechia
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3
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Amsalem D, Valeri L, Jankowski SE, Yang LH, Bello I, Nossel I, Malinovsky I, Smith S, Ngo H, Lieff SA, Pagdon S, Lipp A, Markowitz JC, Neria Y, Dixon LB. Reducing public stigma toward individuals with psychosis across race and gender: A randomized controlled trial of young adults. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:195-202. [PMID: 35397250 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social contact-based interventions effectively reduce stigma toward psychosis. We recently demonstrated the efficacy of a 90-second video intervention in reducing stigma. The current randomized controlled study presents four briefer videos differing in presenter's gender/race, with baseline, postintervention, and 30-day follow-up assessments. The study replicates previous findings and examine whether concordance of presenter's and viewer's race/gender enhanced the anti-stigma effect. METHODS Using a crowdsourcing platform, we recruited 1993 participants ages 18-35 years to one of four brief video-based interventions (Black/White female, Black/White male presenters) or a nonintervention control condition. In the videos, a young presenter with psychosis humanized their illness through an evocative description of living a meaningful and productive life. RESULTS Group-by-time ANOVA showed a significant group-by-time interaction for the total score of all five stigma domains: social distance, stereotyping, separateness, social restriction, and perceived recovery. One-way ANOVA showed greater reductions in video intervention groups than control at post-intervention and 30-day follow-up, but no differences between video groups. Matching race/gender did not further reduce stigma. CONCLUSIONS This randomized controlled study replicated and extended previous research findings, by showing stigma reduction across videos that differ in the presenter's gender and race, thus enhancing generalizability. The videos described the experience of psychosis and reduced stigma, suggesting their potential utility on social media platforms to increase the likelihood of seeking services and ultimately may improve access to care among young individuals with psychosis. Future research should address intersectional stigma experiences by focusing on race/gender and culturally tailoring the narrative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Amsalem
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Linda Valeri
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Samantha E Jankowski
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lawrence H Yang
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Iruma Bello
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ilana Nossel
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Igor Malinovsky
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Stephen Smith
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hong Ngo
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Lieff
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Shannon Pagdon
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Amanda Lipp
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | - John C Markowitz
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yuval Neria
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Lisa B Dixon
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
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4
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Rodríguez-Rivas ME, Cangas AJ, Cariola LA, Varela JJ, Valdebenito S. Innovative Technology-Based Interventions to Reduce Stigma Toward People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (Preprint). JMIR Serious Games 2021; 10:e35099. [PMID: 35635744 PMCID: PMC9153904 DOI: 10.2196/35099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stigma toward people with mental illness presents serious consequences for the impacted individuals, such as social exclusion and increased difficulties in the recovery process. Recently, several interventions have been developed to mitigate public stigma, based on the use of innovative technologies, such as virtual reality and video games. Objective This review aims to systematically review, synthesize, measure, and critically discuss experimental studies that measure the effect of technological interventions on stigmatization levels. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines and included studies in English and Spanish published between 2016 and 2021. Searches were run in 5 different databases (ie, PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect). Only randomized controlled trials were included. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility, extracted data, and rated methodological quality of the studies. Meta-analyses were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results Based on the 1158 articles screened, 72 articles were evaluated as full text, of which 9 were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. A diversity of interventions was observed, including video games, audiovisual simulation of hallucinations, virtual reality, and electronic contact with mental health services users. The meta-analysis (n=1832 participants) demonstrated that these interventions had a consistent medium effect on reducing the level of public stigma (d=–0.64; 95% CI 0.31-0.96; P<.001). Conclusions Innovative interventions involving the use of technologies are an effective tool in stigma reduction, therefore new challenges are proposed and discussed for the demonstration of their adaptability to different contexts and countries, thus leading to their massification. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021261935; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021261935
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías E Rodríguez-Rivas
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Adolfo J Cangas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Laura A Cariola
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge J Varela
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sara Valdebenito
- Violence Research Centre, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Goh YS, Ow Yong QYJ, Tam WSW. Effects of online stigma-reduction programme for people experiencing mental health conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:1040-1056. [PMID: 34081384 PMCID: PMC8518363 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increased awareness of mental health-related issues, people experiencing mental health conditions have continued to face stigmatization worldwide. The literature on help-seeking behaviours has frequently highlighted the development of self-stigma because of public stigma and emphasized the need to address public stigmatization faced by them. Given the increasing acceptance of digital services in recent years, this systematic review aimed to examine the effects of online and face-to-face anti-stigma interventions in reducing public stigma towards people experiencing mental health conditions. A search was conducted on the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and ProQuest from inception of the databases to October 2020. Studies were included in this review if they have explored: (i) public stigmatization towards people of all ages with different types of mental health conditions; (ii) online interventions; and (iii) face-to-face interventions. Nine studies were included in this review, of which only five were included in the meta-analysis as the remaining four had incomplete data. The meta-analysis included an aggregate of 1203 participants while the four excluded studies included 713 participants. Results revealed that online interventions performed favourably with small effect sizes in comparison to face-to-face, wait-list control, and no-intervention groups. Results from the studies excluded from the meta-analysis also found a significant reduction of public stigmatization with online interventions. Such findings provide insightful evidence for the effectiveness of online interventions in reducing public stigmatization. Hence, mental health organizations and groups can consider adopting online interventions suitable for their target audience and type of mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Shian Goh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Qing Yun Jenna Ow Yong
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wai-San Wilson Tam
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University Health System, Singapore
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Amsalem D, Markowitz JC, Jankowski SE, Yang LH, Valeri L, Lieff SA, Neria Y, Dixon LB. Sustained Effect of a Brief Video in Reducing Public Stigma Toward Individuals With Psychosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Young Adults. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:635-642. [PMID: 33900809 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20091293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Public stigma is a barrier to care and increases the duration of untreated psychosis among individuals with first-episode psychosis. The authors recently demonstrated the efficacy of a 90-second social contact-based video intervention in reducing such stigma. That proof-of-concept study was the first to employ so brief an antistigma intervention in a sample of young adults. The authors now present a randomized controlled replication study with baseline, postintervention, and 30-day follow-up assessments. The authors aimed to replicate their previous findings and to show a persisting benefit for the video intervention. METHODS Using a crowdsourcing platform (Amazon Mechanical Turk), the authors recruited and assigned 1,055 participants ages 18-30 years to a brief video-based intervention, to a written vignette intervention containing the same material, or to a nonintervention control condition. In the 90-second video, a 22-year-old African American woman with schizophrenia humanized the illness through her emotional description of living a meaningful and productive life. RESULTS A three-by-three group-by-time multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant group-by-time interaction for the total scores of all five stigma-related domains: social distance, stereotyping, separateness, social restriction, and perceived recovery. Post hoc pairwise tests showed greater reductions in the video group compared with the vignette and control groups at the postintervention and 30-day follow-up assessments, while the vignette group differed from the control group at the postintervention assessment but not at the 30-day assessment. CONCLUSIONS This randomized controlled study replicated and strengthened the authors' earlier findings, further showing month-long sustained stigma reduction in the social contact-based video intervention arm. A 90-second video sufficed to humanize schizophrenia and reduce stigma. Further research should examine longer-term sustainability, assess changes in behavior, and determine optimal effective video length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Amsalem
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - John C Markowitz
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - Samantha E Jankowski
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - Lawrence H Yang
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - Linda Valeri
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - Sarah A Lieff
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - Yuval Neria
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - Lisa B Dixon
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
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7
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Amsalem D, Yang LH, Jankowski S, Lieff SA, Markowitz JC, Dixon LB. Reducing Stigma Toward Individuals With Schizophrenia Using a Brief Video: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Young Adults. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:7-14. [PMID: 33484269 PMCID: PMC7825082 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stigma decreases healthcare seeking and treatment adherence and increases the duration of untreated psychosis among people with first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study evaluated the efficacy of a brief video-based intervention in reducing stigma among youth toward individuals with FEP and schizophrenia. We hypothesized that the social-contact-based video intervention group would reduce stigma more than written vignette and control groups, and the vignette more than the control group. METHODS Using Amazon Mechanical Turk, we recruited and assigned 1203 individuals aged 18-30 to either (a) video intervention, (b) written description of the same content ("vignette"), or (c) nonintervention control arm. In the 90-second video intervention, an empowered young woman with schizophrenia described her FEP and the aspects of successful coping with her everyday life difficulties, exposing the viewer to schizophrenia in the context of her personal narrative. Web-based self-report questionnaires assessed stigma domains, including social distance, stereotyping, separateness, social restriction, and perceived recovery. RESULTS A MANOVA showed a significant between-group effects for all 5 stigma-related subscales (P < .001). Post hoc pairwise tests showed significant differences between video and vignette vs control for all 5 stigma domains. Video and vignette groups differed significantly on social distance, stereotyping, and social restriction. Secondary analyses revealed gender differences across stigma domains in the video group only, with women reporting lower stigma. CONCLUSIONS A very brief social contact-based video intervention efficaciously reduced stigma toward individuals with FEP. This is the first study to demonstrate such an effect. Further research should examine its long-term sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Amsalem
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY,To whom correspondence should be addressed; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032; tel: 646-774-8049, fax: 646-774-8105, e-mail:
| | - Lawrence H Yang
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Samantha Jankowski
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Sarah A Lieff
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
| | - John C Markowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Lisa B Dixon
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
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