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Kim JH, Choi KS, Yang HS, Kang HS, Hong HK. In vitro impact of Bisphenol A on the immune functions of primary cultured hemocytes of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116770. [PMID: 39053261 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the toxic effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) using in vitro assays with primary cultured hemocytes. The abalone hemocytes were exposed to BPA concentrations up to 100 μM to assess cytotoxicity. Subsequently, hemocytes were exposed to sublethal BPA concentrations (LC20 = 2.3 μM and LC50 = 5.8 μM) for 48 h, and we evaluated the cellular immune responses of hemocytes via flow cytometry. Results showed no significant differences between LC20 and control groups, but LC50 exposure significantly reduced phagocytosis and oxidative capacities while increasing nitric oxide production. These findings suggest that BPA exposure negatively affects the immune system of the Pacific abalone, which makes them more susceptible to infections and other stressors in their natural environment. The study also implies that in vitro assays utilizing primary cultured abalone hemocytes may serve as effective proxies for quantifying the cytotoxic effects of chemical pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR), Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR), Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sung Yang
- Tropical & Subtropical Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sil Kang
- Subtropical Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Jeju 63068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ki Hong
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Nguyen TV, Trang PN, Kumar A. Understanding PFAS toxicity through cell culture metabolomics: Current applications and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108620. [PMID: 38579451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), ubiquitous environmental contaminants, pose significant challenges to ecosystems and human health. While cell cultures have emerged as new approach methodologies (NAMs) in ecotoxicity research, metabolomics is an emerging technique used to characterize the small-molecule metabolites present in cells and to understand their role in various biological processes. Integration of metabolomics with cell cultures, known as cell culture metabolomics, provides a novel and robust tool to unravel the complex molecular responses induced by PFAS exposure. In vitro testing also reduces reliance on animal testing, aligning with ethical and regulatory imperatives. The current review summarizes key findings from recent studies utilizing cell culture metabolomics to investigate PFAS toxicity, highlighting alterations in metabolic pathways, biomarker identification, and the potential linkages between metabolic perturbations. Additionally, the paper discusses different types of cell cultures and metabolomics methods used for studies of environmental contaminants and particularly PFAS. Future perspectives on the combination of metabolomics with other advanced technologies, such as single-cell metabolomics (SCM), imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), extracellular flux analysis (EFA), and multi-omics are also explored, which offers a holistic understanding of environmental contaminants. The synthesis of current knowledge and identification of research gaps provide a foundation for future investigations that aim to elucidate the complexities of PFAS-induced cellular responses and contribute to the development of effective strategies for mitigating their adverse effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao V Nguyen
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Waite Campus, South Australia 5064, Australia; NTT Institute of High Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Phan Nguyen Trang
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho, Viet Nam.
| | - Anu Kumar
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Waite Campus, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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3
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Li Z, Wang H, Bao X, Liu X, Yang J. Gene network analyses of Sepia esculenta larvae exposed to copper and cadmium: A comprehensive investigation of oxidative stress, immune response, and toxicological mechanisms. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109230. [PMID: 37977542 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and Cadmium (Cd), prevalent heavy metals in marine environments, have known implications in oxidative stress, immune response, and toxicity in marine organisms. Sepia esculenta, a cephalopod of significant economic value along China's eastern coastline, experiences alterations in growth, mobility, and reproduction when subjected to these heavy metals. However, the specific mechanisms resulting from heavy metal exposure in S. esculenta remain largely uncharted. In this study, we utilized transcriptome and four oxidative, immunity, and toxicity indicators to assess the toxicological mechanism in S. esculenta larvae exposed to Cu and Cd. The measurements of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), and Metallothioneins (MTs) revealed that Cu and Cd trigger substantial oxidative stress, immune response, and metal toxicity. Further, we performed an analysis on the transcriptome data through Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis. Our findings indicate that exposure methods and duration influence the type and the extent of toxicity and oxidative stress within the S. esculenta larvae. We took an innovative approach in this research by integrating WGCNA and PPI network analysis with four significant physiological indicators to closely examine the toxicity and oxidative stress profiles of S. esculenta upon exposure to Cu and Cd. This investigation is vital in decoding the toxicological, immunological, and oxidative stress mechanisms within S. esculenta when subjected to heavy metals. It provides foundational insights capable of advancing invertebrate environmental toxicology and informs S. esculenta artificial breeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- St. John's School, Vancouver, V6K 2J1, Canada
| | - Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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Ibrahim AM, Hamed MT, EL-Khadragy MF, Morad MY. Molluscicidal activity of sodium hypochlorite against Biomphlaria alexandrina snails: Immunological and hepato-endocrine alterations with in silico docking study. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2023; 23:e00331. [PMID: 38148891 PMCID: PMC10750182 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease that widely neglected. Schistosoma mansoni reproduce asexually within the freshwater snail, Biomphlaria alexandrina. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a widely used disinfectant, so its effect against gainst B. alexandrina snails was evaluated. The present results showed that NaOCl has a molluscicidal activity against adult B. alexandrina snails at LC50 1.25 ppm. Hemocytes displayed varied morphological forms after being exposed to the LC10 and LC25 concentrations of NaOCl in B. alexandrina snails, and the phagocytic index of B. alexandrina snail's hemocytes significantly increased. The phagocytic potency of exposed hemocytes to charcoal showed ruptured plasma membrane, engulfed particles, vacuolation in the cytoplasm and degeneration of nuclei. When B. alexandrina snails were treated with sublethal concentrations of NaOCl, transaminases (AST & ALT), alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were significantly increased. In contrast, the total protein, albumin concentrations, Testosterone (T) and 17β Estradiol (E) showed a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) as compared to the control groups. The molecular docking interaction showed high efficiency for the ligand, NaOCl against the receptor binding sites of the acid phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, estrogen and testosterone. The present results showed that NaOCl could be used as an effective molluscicide against B. alexandrina snails but more attention should be paid to investigate the side effects on the non-target organisms living in the freshwater environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M. Ibrahim
- Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T. Hamed
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
| | - Manal F. EL-Khadragy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Y. Morad
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
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Wathsala RHGR, Folgueras EC, Iuffrida L, Candela M, Gotti R, Fiori J, Franzellitti S. Glyphosate and its breakdown product AMPA elicit cytoprotective responses in haemocytes of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:103997. [PMID: 36216252 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of glyphosate (GLY) and its metabolite AMPA on cytoprotective and detoxification mechanisms in haemocytes of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Cells were treated in vitro with 0.1 and 1.0 µg/L GLY, 0.1 µg/L, 0.1 and 1.0 µg/L AMPA, or two mixtures GLY+AMPA (0.1 µg/L GLY + 0.1 µg/L AMPA, 1.0 µg/L GLY + 1.0 µg/L AMPA). GLY and AMPA increased MXR efflux activity and modulated expression of the ABCB transcript encoding a MXR related ABC transporter P-glycoprotein. The mixtures GLY+AMPA reduced efflux activity with ABCB down-regulation (at 1 µg/L GLY/AMPA). Modulation of lysosomal and immune related transcripts generally agree with known effects of the chemicals on these physiological functions. Given their cumulative action as chemosensitizers of the MXR system, and their interactive effects on haemocyte parameters, glyphosate and AMPA at environmental concentrations should be addressed as a concern factor for the biological vulnerability of marine habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajapaksha Haddokara Gedara Rasika Wathsala
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Elena Catasús Folgueras
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Letizia Iuffrida
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy; Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy.
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6
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Zapata Vívenes E, Sánchez G, Nusetti O, Marcano LDV. Modulation of innate immune responses in the flame scallop Ctenoides scaber (Born, 1778) caused by exposure to used automobile crankcase oils. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:342-349. [PMID: 36122641 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The used automobile crankcase oils are potential sources of contaminant elements for the coastal-marine ecosystems, affecting mainly the immunological system of organisms that feed by filtration, e. g. scallops. This study examined the effects of a water-soluble fraction of used automobile crankcase oils (WSF-UACO) on innate cellular- and humoral immune responses of the flame scallop Ctenoides scaber. The scallops were exposed to ascending concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 of WSF-UACO under a static system of aquaria during 7 and 13 d. The viability, haemocyte total count (HTC), lysosomal membrane destabilization (LMD), phagocytosis, and protein concentration in hemolymph samples withdrawn taken from the blood sinus as well as lysozyme activity of the digestive gland were measured as immune endpoints. A decrease in cellular immune competence in scallops exposed to WSF-UACO was observed, with significant impairment of viability, HTC, and phagocytosis. LMD index increased about exposure concentrations, and plasma protein concentrations augmented to 0.01 and 0.1% during 13 d. Lysozyme activity increased in scallops exposed to WSF-UVCO during 7 d, to level off in the chronic period. Lysozyme activity and enhanced plasma proteins could act as compensatory responses when cell parameters tend to fall, helping to the regulation of microbial microflora and possible invasion of pathogenic microbes as well as defense against xenobiotics. The results demonstrate that the immunological responses of C. scaber are highly sensitive to the complex chemical mixture of contaminants, and it could be used for evaluating biological risks of hazardous xenobiotics in tropical marine environments. Republic of Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Zapata Vívenes
- Grupo de Investigación, Biología y Cultivo de Moluscos, Departamento de Acuicultura, Pesca y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador.
| | - Gabriela Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Ciencias, Núcleo de Sucre, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela.
| | - Osmar Nusetti
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Ciencias, Núcleo de Sucre, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela.
| | - Leida Del Valle Marcano
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Ciencias, Núcleo de Sucre, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela.
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7
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Ibrahim AM, Hussein AAA. Toxicological impact of organophosphorus Chlorpyrifos 48%EC pesticide on hemocytes, biochemical disruption, and molecular changes in Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 186:105154. [PMID: 35973759 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides like Chlorpyrifos 48%EC were widely used to control agricultural pests. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of Chlorpyrifos 48%EC on B. alexandrina snails, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. After exposure of snails to serial concentrations to determine the LC50, thirty snails for each sublethal concentration (LC10 2.1 and LC25 5.6 mg/l) in each group were exposed for 24 h followed by another 24 h for recovery. After recovery random samples were collected from hemolymph and tissue to measure the impacts on Phagocytic index, histological, biochemical, and molecular parameters. The current results showed a toxic effect of Chlorpyrifos 48%EC on adult B. alexandrina snails after 24 h of exposure at LC50 9.6 mg/l. After exposure to the sub-lethal concentrations of this pesticide, it decreased the total number of hemocytes and the percentage of small cells, while increased the percentage of hyalinocytes. The granulocyte percentage was increased after exposure to LC10, while after LC25, it was decreased compared to the control group. Also, the light microscopical examination showed that some granulocytes have plenty of granules, vacuoles and filopodia. Some hyalinocytes were contained shrinked nuclei, incomplete cell division and forming pseudopodia. Besides, the phagocytic index of hemocytes was significantly increased than control in all treated groups. Also, these sub-lethal concentrations increased MDA and SOD activities, while, tissue NO, GST and TAC contents were significantly decreased after exposure. Levels of Testosterone (T) and Estradiol (E) were increased significantly after exposure compared with control group. The present results showed that the concentration of DNA and RNA was highly decreased after exposure to LC10, 25 than the control group. Therefore, B. alexandrina snails could be used as a bio monitor of the chemical pollution. Besides, this pesticide could reduce the transmission of schistosomiasis as it altered the biological system of these snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M Ibrahim
- Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A A Hussein
- Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
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8
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Balakrishnan S, Singh ISB, Puthumana J. Status in molluscan cell line development in last one decade (2010–2020): impediments and way forward. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:433-457. [PMID: 36110153 PMCID: PMC9374870 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the attempts that have started since the 1960s, not even a single cell line of marine molluscs is available. Considering the vast contribution of marine bivalve aquaculture to the world economy, the prevailing viral threats, and the dismaying lack of advancements in molluscan virology, the requirement of a marine molluscan cell line is indispensable. This synthetic review discusses the obstacles in developing a marine molluscan cell line concerning the choice of species, the selection of tissue and decontamination, and cell culture media, with emphasis given on the current decade 2010-2020. Detailed accounts on the experiments on the virus cultivation in vitro and molluscan cell immortalization, with a brief note on the history and applications of the molluscan cell culture, are elucidated to give a holistic picture of the current status and future trends in molluscan cell line development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-022-00539-x.
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Curpan AS, Impellitteri F, Plavan G, Ciobica A, Faggio C. Review: Mytilus galloprovincialis: An essential, low-cost model organism for the impact of xenobiotics on oxidative stress and public health. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 256:109302. [PMID: 35202823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The level of pollution becomes more and more of a pressuring matter for humankind at a worldwide level. Often the focus is on the effects that we can directly and see such as decreased air quality and higher than normal temperatures and weather, but the effects we cannot see are frequently overlooked. For at least the past decade increasing importance has been given towards the effects of pollution of living animals or non-target organisms and plants. For this purpose, one model animal that surfaced is the purpose, one model animal surfaced is Mytilus galloprovincialis. As all mussels, this species is capable of bio-accumulating important quantities of different xenobiotics such as pesticides, paints, medicines, heavy metals, industrial compounds, and even compounds marketed as antioxidants and antivirals. Their toxic effects can be assessed through their impact on oxidative stress, lysosomal membrane stability, and cell viability through trypan blue exclusion test and neutral red retention assay techniques. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the benefits of using M. galloprovincialis as an animal model for toxicological assays of various classes of xenobiotics by bringing to light the studies that have approached the matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrina-Stefania Curpan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, Iasi, Romania
| | - Federica Impellitteri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale, Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriel Plavan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, Iasi, Romania..
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, Iasi, Romania..
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale, Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy..
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Burgos-Aceves MA, Abo-Al-Ela HG, Faggio C. Impact of phthalates and bisphenols plasticizers on haemocyte immune function of aquatic invertebrates: A review on physiological, biochemical, and genomic aspects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126426. [PMID: 34166954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The invertebrate innate immunity is a crucial characteristic that represents a valuable basis for studying common biological responses to environmental pollutants. Cell defence mechanisms are key players in protecting the organism from infections and foreign materials. Many haemocyte-associated immunological parameters have been reported to be immunologically sensitive to aquatic toxins (natural or artificial). Environmental plastic pollution poses a global threat to ecosystems and human health due to plastic vast and extensive use as additives in various consumer products. In recent years, studies have been done to evaluate the effects of plasticizers on humans and the environment, and their transmission and presence in water, air, and indoor dust, and so forth. Hence, the development of biomarkers that evaluate biological responses to different pollutants are essential to obtain important information on plasticizers' sublethal effects. This review analyses the current advances in the adverse effects of plasticizers (as emerging contaminants), such as immunological response disruption. The review also shows a critical analysis of the effects of the most widely used plasticizers on haemocytes. The advantages of an integrative approach that uses chemical, genetic, and immunomarker assays to monitor toxicity are highlighted. All these factors are imperative to ponder when designing toxicity studies to recognize the potential effects of plasticizers like bisphenol A and phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Burgos-Aceves
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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11
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Rosner A, Armengaud J, Ballarin L, Barnay-Verdier S, Cima F, Coelho AV, Domart-Coulon I, Drobne D, Genevière AM, Jemec Kokalj A, Kotlarska E, Lyons DM, Mass T, Paz G, Pazdro K, Perić L, Ramšak A, Rakers S, Rinkevich B, Spagnuolo A, Sugni M, Cambier S. Stem cells of aquatic invertebrates as an advanced tool for assessing ecotoxicological impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144565. [PMID: 33736145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stressors are assessed through methods that quantify their impacts on a wide range of metrics including species density, growth rates, reproduction, behaviour and physiology, as on host-pathogen interactions and immunocompetence. Environmental stress may induce additional sublethal effects, like mutations and epigenetic signatures affecting offspring via germline mediated transgenerational inheritance, shaping phenotypic plasticity, increasing disease susceptibility, tissue pathologies, changes in social behaviour and biological invasions. The growing diversity of pollutants released into aquatic environments requires the development of a reliable, standardised and 3R (replacement, reduction and refinement of animals in research) compliant in vitro toolbox. The tools have to be in line with REACH regulation 1907/2006/EC, aiming to improve strategies for potential ecotoxicological risks assessment and monitoring of chemicals threatening human health and aquatic environments. Aquatic invertebrates' adult stem cells (ASCs) are numerous and can be pluripotent, as illustrated by high regeneration ability documented in many of these taxa. This is of further importance as in many aquatic invertebrate taxa, ASCs are able to differentiate into germ cells. Here we propose that ASCs from key aquatic invertebrates may be harnessed for applicable and standardised new tests in ecotoxicology. As part of this approach, a battery of modern techniques and endpoints are proposed to be tested for their ability to correctly identify environmental stresses posed by emerging contaminants in aquatic environments. Consequently, we briefly describe the current status of the available toxicity testing and biota-based monitoring strategies in aquatic environmental ecotoxicology and highlight some of the associated open issues such as replicability, consistency and reliability in the outcomes, for understanding and assessing the impacts of various chemicals on organisms and on the entire aquatic environment. Following this, we describe the benefits of aquatic invertebrate ASC-based tools for better addressing ecotoxicological questions, along with the current obstacles and possible overhaul approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Rosner
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Tel Shikmona, Haifa 3108001, Israel.
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stéphanie Barnay-Verdier
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS, INSERM, Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice, F-06107 Nice, France.
| | - Francesca Cima
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Ana Varela Coelho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Isabelle Domart-Coulon
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Microorganism Communication and Adaptation Molecules MCAM, Paris F-75005, France.
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111,D, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Anne-Marie Genevière
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Organisms, BIOM, F-6650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France.
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111,D, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ewa Kotlarska
- Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Daniel Mark Lyons
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, G. Paliaga 5, HR-52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
| | - Tali Mass
- Marine Biology Department, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave, University of Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
| | - Guy Paz
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Tel Shikmona, Haifa 3108001, Israel.
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Lorena Perić
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquaculture Organisms, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Andreja Ramšak
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | | | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Tel Shikmona, Haifa 3108001, Israel.
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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12
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Kader MA, Zahidah Azahar N, Iehata S, Bulbul M, Islam MM, Sarker J, Mariom, Rahman MM, Asaduzzaman M. Dietary supplementation of host‐associated lactic acid bacteria modulates growth, metabolic activities, and immune‐related gene expression in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY 2021; 52:216-230. [DOI: 10.1111/jwas.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study was carried out to evaluate the dietary effects of host‐associated lactic acid bacteria on growth performance, metabolic enzyme activities, and immune response of Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles. To formulate the test diets, a control (Con) diet was supplemented with a commercial probiotic and three host‐derived bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (EC), Lactococcus lactis I (LC‐I), and L. lactis II (LC‐II), which were previously isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of adult individuals of M. rosenbergii. Juvenile M. rosenbergii (0.65 ± 0.008 g) were randomly stocked at 20 individuals/100 L of fiberglass tanks with three replications for each test diet. After 50 days, juveniles fed the diets LC‐I and LC‐II showed significantly higher (p < .05) weight gain, specific growth rate, and the lowest feed conversion ratio. The analyses of glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamic pyruvate transaminase in muscle and hepatopancreas revealed significantly (p < .05) reduced values in LC‐I fed juveniles. The total hemocyte count and phenoloxidase activity were significantly increased (p < .05) in LC‐I and LC‐II fed juveniles. The relative mRNA expression patterns of immune‐related α2‐M, LGBP, ProPO, Cu, Zn‐SOD, TG, PE, AKP, and ACP genes were significantly (p < .05) upregulated in juveniles fed with LC‐I followed by the diet LC‐II. Finally, the study suggests that the growth performance and immune response of M. rosenbergii can be improved through supplementation of host‐associated L. lactis bacteria for its higher production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Kader
- School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences University Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Nursyafiqah Zahidah Azahar
- School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences University Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Shumpei Iehata
- School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences University Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Mahbuba Bulbul
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, University Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Md. Moudud Islam
- Faculty of Fisheries Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram Bangladesh
| | - Joyshri Sarker
- Faculty of Fisheries Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram Bangladesh
| | - Mariom
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh
| | - Md. Moshiur Rahman
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline Khulna University Khulna Bangladesh
| | - Md Asaduzzaman
- Faculty of Fisheries Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram Bangladesh
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13
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Abo-Al-Ela HG, Faggio C. MicroRNA-mediated stress response in bivalve species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111442. [PMID: 33038725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve mollusks are important aquatic organisms, which are used for biological monitoring because of their abundance, ubiquitous nature, and abilities to adapt to different environments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs, which typically silence the expression of target genes; however, certain miRNAs directly or indirectly upregulate their target genes. They are rapidly modulated and play an essential role in shaping the response of organisms to stresses. Based on the regulatory function and rapid alteration of miRNAs, they could act as biomarkers for biotic and abiotic stress, including environmental stresses and contaminations. Moreover, mollusk, particularly hemocytes, rapidly respond to environmental changes, such as pollution, salinity changes, and desiccation, which makes them an attractive model for this purpose. Thus, bivalve mollusks could be considered a good animal model to examine a system's response to different environmental conditions and stressors. miRNAs have been reported to adjust the adaptation and physiological functions of bivalves during endogenous and environmental stressors. In this review, we aimed to discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the response of bivalves to stressors and how miRNAs orchestrate this process; however, if necessary, other organisms' response is included to explain specific processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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14
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Hussain Chan MW, Hasan KA, Balthazar-Silva D, Asghar M, Mirani ZA. Surviving under pollution stress: Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the Oyster species (Magallana bilineata and Magallana cuttackensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 108:142-146. [PMID: 33271318 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic effectively controls the bacterial and fungal infections. Pathogens developing multi-drug resistance are a global health concern, which necessitate developing new molecules to overcome the resistance dilemma. This study explores the intrinsic ability of marine oysters synthesizing bioactive compounds. The tissue extracts prepared in n-hexane from two oysters, Magallana bilineata and Magallana cuttackensis compared for broad spectral antimicrobial activates against the fungal, Gram positive and negative pathogens. Regardless, both the species tolerated the same pollution indices; the M. bilineata exhibits stronger antimicrobial activities as compared to M. cuttackensis. M. bilineata potentially inhibited the bacterial growth with minimal inhibitory concentration (0.75-20 μg/ml) and fungal pathogens (0.75-5 μg/ml) as compared to ciprofloxacin and miconazole. Inhibitory potential complimented with reduce bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations required to observed susceptible zone of inhibition (ZOI). The inhibition augmented with increased antimicrobial index (AMI) and total activity index (TAI) against the human pathogen than those of M. cuttackensis. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need to develop novel antimicrobial agents to minimize the threat of emerging multiple antimicrobial resistant pathogens. Therefore, the oysters surviving in the pollution stress modulate the physiological and immune response may exploit to develop potential antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khwaja Ali Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Danilo Balthazar-Silva
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, Campus Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore- 54890, Pakistan
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15
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Sezer N, Kılıç Ö, Sıkdokur E, Çayır A, Belivermiş M. Impacts of elevated pCO 2 on Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis): Metal bioaccumulation, physiological and cellular parameters. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 160:104987. [PMID: 32907725 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification alters physiology, acid-base balance and metabolic activity in marine animals. Near future elevated pCO2 conditions could be expected to influence the bioaccumulation of metals, feeding rate and immune parameters in marine mussels. To better understand such impairments, a series of laboratory-controlled experiment was conducted by using a model marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. The mussels were exposed to three pH conditions according to the projected CO2 emissions in the near future (one ambient: 8.10 and two reduced: 7.80 and 7.50). At first, the bioconcentration of Ag and Cd was studied in both juvenile (2.5 cm) and adult (5.1 cm) mussels by using a highly sensitive radiotracer method (110mAg and 109Cd). The uptake and depuration kinetics were followed 21 and 30 days, respectively. The biokinetic experiments demonstrated that the effect of ocean acidification on bioconcentration was metal-specific and size-specific. The uptake, depuration and tissue distribution of 110mAg were not affected by elevated pCO2 in both juvenile and adult mussels, whereas 109Cd uptake significantly increased with decreasing pH in juveniles but not in adults. Regardless of pH, 110mAg accumulated more efficiently in juvenile mussels than adult mussels. After executing the biokinetic experiment, the perturbation was sustained by using the same mussels and the same experimental set-up, which enabled us to determine filtration rate, haemocyte viability, lysosomal membrane stability, circulating cell-free nucleic acids (ccf-NAs) and protein (ccf-protein) levels. The filtration rate and haemocyte viability gradually decreased by increasing pCO2 level, whereas the lysosomal membrane stability, ccf-NAs, and ccf-protein levels remained unchanged in the mussels exposed to elevated pCO2 for eighty-two days. This study suggests that acidified seawater partially shift metal bioaccumulation, physiological and cellular parameters in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin Sezer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Önder Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercan Sıkdokur
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akın Çayır
- Vocational Health College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
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16
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Garate OF, Gazzaniga S, Cochón AC. A comparative study of enzymatic and immunological parameters in Planorbarius corneus and Biomphalaria glabrata exposed to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105544. [PMID: 32569998 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of chlorpyrifos on biomarkers related to neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity in two allopatric freshwater gastropod species belonging to the family Planorbidae. For this purpose, Planorbarius corneus and Biomphalaria glabrata were exposed to chlorpyrifos (active ingredient or commercial formulation) for 48 h at environmentally realistic concentrations (1 and 7.5 μg L-1). Basal acetylcholinesterase activity in soft tissues and hemolymph was almost one order of magnitude higher in P. corneus than in B. glabrata. However, upon chlorpyrifos exposure, statistically significant inhibition of enzymatic activity was registered in both species. Acetylcholinesterase was more sensitive to inhibition in soft tissues than in hemolymph. The highest inhibition was observed in the B. glabrata soft tissues exposed to the commercial formulation (88 % at 1 μg L-1 and 93 % at 7.5 μg L-1). Hemocyte number and lysosomal membrane stability did not show significant changes with respect to controls in any of the exposed groups. Superoxide anion generation was diminished (21-46 %) in P. corneus hemocytes exposed to the active ingredient and in B. glabrata hemocytes exposed to the active ingredient or the formulation. In contrast, hemocyte phagocytic activity increased in all exposed groups. Phagocytosis was most stimulated (89 %) in hemocytes sampled from B. glabrata treated with 7.5 μg L-1 chlorpyrifos. Altogether the results suggest that the freshwater gastropods P. corneus and B. glabrata are suitable model animals for environmental monitoring studies in the Northern Hemisphere and Latin America, respectively. Furthermore, these results add information on the relevance of testing pesticide formulations and on the usefulness of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and immunological parameters as biomarkers of the acute effects of chlorpyrifos in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio F Garate
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Gazzaniga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana C Cochón
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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17
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Potts RW, Gutierrez AP, Cortés-Araya Y, Houston RD, Bean TP. Developments in marine invertebrate primary culture reveal novel cell morphologies in the model bivalve Crassostrea gigas. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9180. [PMID: 32547861 PMCID: PMC7271890 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell culture provides useful model systems used in a wide range of biological applications, but its utility in marine invertebrates is limited due to the lack of immortalised cell lines. Primary cell and tissue cultures are typically used but remain poorly characterised for oysters, which can cause issues with experimental consistency and reproducibility. Improvements to methods of repeatable isolation, culture, and characterisation of oyster cells and tissues are required to help address these issues. In the current study, systematic improvements have been developed to facilitate the culture of primary cells from adult Pacific oyster tissues and identify novel cell morphologies that have not been reported previously. Cultures analysed by light microscopy, qPCR, and live cell imaging demonstrated maintenance of live, metabolically active Pacific oyster cells for several weeks post-explant. Interestingly, whole hearts dissected from adult oysters were found to continue contracting rhythmically up to 8 weeks after being transferred to a tissue culture system. Mantle tissue explants were also actively moving in the culture system. These improvements in primary cell culture of bivalves may be beneficial for research in ecotoxicology, virology, immunology, and genetic resistance to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W.A. Potts
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) Weymouth Laboratory, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro P. Gutierrez
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yennifer Cortés-Araya
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross D. Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tim P. Bean
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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18
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Immunotoxicity in Ascidians: Antifouling Compounds Alternative to Organotins—V. the Case of Dichlofluanid. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8060396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dichlofluanid has long been employed as a fungicide in agriculture and has been massively introduced in antifouling paints for boat hulls over the last two decades. One of the most important toxic effects of antifoulants is represented by immunosuppression in marine invertebrates, which can be analysed in vitro with a number of short-term toxicity assays on haemocytes. Among bioindicators, the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri is a useful candidate; it is a filter-feeding organism living in the water-sediment interface that is found worldwide and is sensitive to antifouling xenobiotics. Dichlofluanid adversely affects both immunocyte lines (phagocyte and cytotoxic lines) after exposure to sublethal concentrations. At 0.05 μM (16.65 μg/L), dichlofluanid induced haemocyte apoptosis and cell shrinkage with a decrease in both motility and phagocytosis. At the lowest concentration (0.01 μM, 3.33 μg/L), inhibition of pivotal enzymatic activities of phagocytes and cytotoxic cells occurred. At the highest concentration (0.1 μM, 33.3 μg/L), dichlofluanid increased glutathione oxidation, leading to stress conditions. The effects of dichlofluanid on immune defence responses are similar to those of organometal-based antifoulants (i.e., organotin compounds and zinc pyrithione), and its use in coastal areas requires attention.
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19
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Nanda KP, Kumari C, Dubey M, Firdaus H. Chronic lead (Pb) exposure results in diminished hemocyte count and increased susceptibility to bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124349. [PMID: 31326753 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal Pb is a common toxic pollutant present in our environment adversely affecting health of the living organisms. Recent studies suggest positive correlation between heavy metal exposure and immune dysfunction and present work utilizes Drosophila to address this issue in relation to Pb exposure. In-vivo Pb toxicity was established by dietary intake where essential parameters like development and life span were found to be hampered and augmented upon metallothionein B (mtnB) downregulation hinting towards potential role of mtnB in Pb detoxification. Further response of Drosophila to B. subtilis bacterial infection was monitored by carrying out oral infections. Pb fed flies showed increased susceptibility to infection as compared to their controls. Since Drosophila hemocytes play dual role as immune cells, we checked for the total hemocyte count and found significant decrease in hemocyte numbers in Pb fed larvae. Both crystal cells and plasmatocytes, the two major hemocytes in third instar larval hemolymph were reduced. However we did not find any visible morphological changes in Giemsa stained hemocytes. Crystal cells are crucial for synthesis and release of phenoloxidase (PO), an enzyme required for melanin clot synthesis and deposition. PO activity assessed from total hemolymph protein isolates was found to be substantially decreased in Pb raised animals. Results were also confirmed by spot test and native gel activity assay of PO. Overall our results suggest immunotoxic effect of Pb through decrease in hemocyte count including crystal cell which in turn leads to decreased PO activity and increased susceptibility to B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Pragati Nanda
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Chandani Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Madhavi Dubey
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Hena Firdaus
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India.
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20
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Van Nguyen T, Alfaro AC. Applications of flow cytometry in molluscan immunology: Current status and trends. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:239-248. [PMID: 31491532 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) is routinely used in fundamental and applied research, clinical practice, and clinical trials. In the last three decades, this technique has also become a routine tool used in immunological studies of molluscs to analyse physical and chemical characteristics of haemocytes. Here, we briefly review the current implementation of FCM in the field of molluscan immunology. These applications cover a diverse range of practices from straightforward total cell counts and cell viability to characterize cell subpopulations, and further extend to analyses of DNA content, phagocytosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The challenges and prospects of FCM applications in immunological studies of molluscs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Van Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
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21
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Giuliani ME, Sparaventi E, Lanzoni I, Pittura L, Regoli F, Gorbi S. Precision-Cut Tissue Slices (PCTS) from the digestive gland of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: An ex vivo approach for molecular and cellular responses in marine invertebrates. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104603. [PMID: 31330176 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The precision-cut tissue slices (PCTS) represent a largely used biological model in mammalian research. This ex vivo approach offers the main advantages of in vitro systems, while maintaining the natural architecture of the tissue. The use of PCTS in toxicological research has been proposed for investigating the cellular effects of xenobiotics or bioactive compounds mostly in mammalian models. Their application is increasing also in marine organisms, but still limited to fish. This work validates the use of PCTS in an invertebrate species, the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Intact tissue slices of different thicknesses (300, 350 and 400 μm) were successfully obtained from the digestive gland. The slices maintained the histological integrity and the viability after 6 h and 24 h incubation in culture medium, with some differences depending on the thickness. The enzymatic activities and mRNA levels of catalase and glutathione S-transferase, chosen as model biological endpoints, were measured until 24 h incubation, revealing the functionality of such systems. This work demonstrates the suitability of mussel PCTS for investigating molecular and cellular responses in ecotoxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Erica Sparaventi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lanzoni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Pittura
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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22
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Karetin YA, Kalitnik AA, Safonova AE, Cicinskas E. Description and classification of bivalve mollusks hemocytes: a computational approach. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7056. [PMID: 31275741 PMCID: PMC6590393 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fractal formalism in combination with linear image analysis enables statistically significant description and classification of "irregular" (in terms of Euclidean geometry) shapes, such as, outlines of in vitro flattened cells. We developed an optimal model for classifying bivalve Spisula sachalinensis and Callista brevisiphonata immune cells, based on evaluating their linear and non-linear morphological features: size characteristics (area, perimeter), various parameters of cell bounding circle, convex hull, cell symmetry, roundness, and a number of fractal dimensions and lacunarities evaluating the spatial complexity of cells. Proposed classification model is based on Ward's clustering method, loaded with highest multimodality index factors. This classification scheme groups cells into three morphological types, which can be distinguished both visually and by several linear and quasi-fractal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy A Karetin
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.,Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Kalitnik
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.,Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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23
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Parrino V, Costa G, Cannavà C, Fazio E, Bonsignore M, Concetta S, Piccione G, Fazio F. Flow cytometry and micro-Raman spectroscopy: Identification of hemocyte populations in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from Faro Lake and Tyrrhenian Sea (Sicily, Italy). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:1-8. [PMID: 30605767 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunological and structural characteristics of hemocyte populations in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae), going from two different Sicilian habitats (Faro Lake and Tyrrhenian sea), was investigated by means of two different techniques (flow cytometric and micro-Raman spectroscopy analyses). For this purpose, three hundred and sixty mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis were analyzed during November 2017. They were divided into two equal groups (triplicate sample) on the basis of the site of collection (n = 60 caught in Faro Lake - group A, and n = 60 caught in Tyrrhenian Sea - group B). Some several differences between the species of Faro Lake and Tyrrhenian Sea are observed and ascribed to the disruption of immune parameters induced by the variations of some qualitative water parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonium 10, free chlorine, total chlorine, total phosphate, orthofhosphate) recorded in the two habitats. This study is relevant for monitoring the conditions of the sea and Faro Lake, which is strongly influenced by the currents of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Faro lake is well known for the cultivation of mussels and this is part of a coastal habitat of particular interest, consisted of a peculiar biocenotic complex. Further, for the first time, significant different arrangement in the mussels cell structural organization was evidenced by simply following their highly reproducible Raman biomolecular signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Parrino
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Gregorio Costa
- University of Messina, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Cannavà
- University of Messina, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Enza Fazio
- University of Messina, Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Sciences and Earth Sciences, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Martina Bonsignore
- University of Messina, Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Sciences and Earth Sciences, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Saoca Concetta
- University of Messina, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- University of Messina, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazio
- University of Messina, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
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Silva Dos Santos F, Neves RAF, Carvalho WFD, Krepsky N, Crapez MAC. Evaluation of the immune responses of the brown mussel Perna perna as indicators of fecal pollution. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:115-123. [PMID: 29864586 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mussel Perna perna is an intertidal bivalve that is widely distributed, cultivated and consumed in South Africa, Brazil and Venezuela. Among marine resources, bivalve mollusks are one of the most impacted by anthropogenic pollution, as they can accumulate pathogenic bacteria and water pollutants. Hemocytes are molluscan defense cells, and their abundance and functions can be affected in response to contaminants, such as bacterial load. However, no previous study has investigated the immune response of P. perna hemocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate several immune parameters in P. perna as indicators of fecal pollution in mussel hemolymph and in seawater. We collected mussels and adjacent seawater from beaches with different levels of fecal contamination in Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil): Vermelha Beach (VB); Icaraí Beach (IB); Urca Beach (UB); and Jurujuba Beach (JB). Hemocyte parameters (density, morphology, phagocytic activity and production of Reactive Oxygen Species - ROS) were evaluated using flow cytometry. We quantified Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB) in seawater by the multiple tubes technique for each beach and for hemolymph by the spread-plate technique. In agreement with historical evaluation of fecal contamination levels, UB presented the highest FIB abundance in seawater (thermotolerant coliforms, TEC = 1600 NMP 100 mL-1), whereas VB exhibited the lowest (TEC = 17 NMP 100 mL-1). UB mussels had six and eight times higher hemocyte density and phagocytic activity, respectively, than mussels from VB. Mussels from VB and IB presented a significantly lower number of total coliforms in hemolymph and a significantly higher relative internal complexity of hemocytes than those from UB and JB (p ≤ 0.01, PERMANOVA). ROS production by hemocytes was significantly lower in mussels from VB compared to those from JB (p = 0.04, ANOVA). Our results indicate a significant relationship between the level of fecal contamination in aquatic environments and the immune response of mussel hemocytes. Immune-related parameters may therefore be useful as indicators of bivalve health and environmental quality. Our flow cytometric analysis of P. perna hemocytes represents a new approach for studying Perna perna biology and might represent a novel tool for measuring organic pollution and water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Dos Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Mario Santos Braga, s/n, Niterói, CEP 24.020-141, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências do Ambiente, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, CEP 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Almeida Ferrando Neves
- Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, CEP 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Wanderson Fernandes de Carvalho
- Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, CEP 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Natascha Krepsky
- Departamento de Ciências do Ambiente, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, CEP 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mirian Araújo Carlos Crapez
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Mario Santos Braga, s/n, Niterói, CEP 24.020-141, RJ, Brazil.
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Utilization of isolated marine mussel cells as an in vitro model to assess xenobiotics induced genotoxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 44:219-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Evariste L, Rioult D, Brousseau P, Geffard A, David E, Auffret M, Fournier M, Betoulle S. Differential sensitivity to cadmium of immunomarkers measured in hemocyte subpopulations of zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 137:78-85. [PMID: 27915146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Increasing discharge of industrial wastes into the environment results in pollution transfer towards hydrosystems. These activities release heavy metals such as cadmium, known as persistent pollutant that is accumulated by molluscs and exercise immunotoxicological effects. Among molluscs, the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha constitutes a suitable support for freshwater ecotoxicological studies. In molluscs, homeostasis maintain is ensured in part by hemocytes that are composed of several cell populations involved in multiple physiological processes such as cell-mediated immune response or metal metabolism. Thus, hemocytes constitute a target of concern to study adverse effects of heavy metals. The objectives of this work were to determine whether immune-related endpoints assessed were of different sensitivity to cadmium and whether hemocyte functionalities were differentially affected depending on hemocyte subpopulation considered. Hemocytes were exposed ex vivo to concentrations of cadmium ranging from 10-6 M to 10-3 M for 21h prior flow cytometric analysis of cellular markers. Measured parameters (viability, phagocytosis, oxidative activity, lysosomal content) decreased in a dose-dependent manner with sensitivity differences depending on endpoint and cell type considered. Our results indicated that phagocytosis related endpoints were the most sensitive studied mechanisms to cadmium compared to other markers with EC50 of 3.71±0.53×10-4M for phagocytic activity and 2.79±0.19×10-4M considering mean number of beads per phagocytic cell. Lysosomal content of granulocytes was less affected compared to other cell types, indicating lower sensitivity to cadmium. This suggests that granulocyte population is greatly involved in metal metabolism. Mitochondrial activity was reduced only in blast-like hemocytes that are considered to be cell precursors. Impairment of these cell functionalities may potentially compromise functions ensured by differentiated cells. We concluded that analysis of hemocyte activities should be performed at sub-population scale for more accurate results in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauris Evariste
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-INERIS 02 SEBIO (Stress environnementaux et biosurveillance des milieux aquatiques), Reims, France; INRS, Institut Armand Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Damien Rioult
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne/Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques, Plateau technique de cytométrie environnementale MOBICYTE, Reims, France
| | - Pauline Brousseau
- INRS, Institut Armand Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-INERIS 02 SEBIO (Stress environnementaux et biosurveillance des milieux aquatiques), Reims, France
| | - Elise David
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-INERIS 02 SEBIO (Stress environnementaux et biosurveillance des milieux aquatiques), Reims, France
| | - Michel Auffret
- Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Laboratoire LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - Michel Fournier
- INRS, Institut Armand Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-INERIS 02 SEBIO (Stress environnementaux et biosurveillance des milieux aquatiques), Reims, France
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