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Gul H, Güncan A, Ullah F, Desneux N, Liu X. Intergenerational Sublethal Effects of Flonicamid on Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii: An Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table Study. INSECTS 2024; 15:529. [PMID: 39057262 PMCID: PMC11277007 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Flonicamid is a novel systemic insecticide widely used against aphids. However, the intergenerational sublethal effects of flonicamid on cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, have not been fully studied. This study aimed to evaluate the sublethal effects of flonicamid on the biological parameters of adult A. gossypii (F0) and its subsequent intergenerational effects on the offspring (F1 generation) through age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. The results of the bioassays indicate that flonicamid exhibits significant toxicity toward adult A. gossypii, as evidenced by an LC50 value of 0.372 mg L-1 after a 48-h exposure period. The longevity, fecundity, and reproductive days of adult cotton aphids (F0) were significantly decreased when treated with the sublethal concentrations of flonicamid. The pre-adult stage exhibited an increase, whereas the adult longevity, total longevity, and fecundity experienced a notable decrease in F1 aphids after the exposure of F0 aphids to sublethal concentrations of flonicamid. Furthermore, the key demographic parameters, including r, λ, R0, and RPd, showed a significant decrease, while the total pre-reproductive period (TPRP) experienced a significant increase in the F1 generation. Collectively, our findings indicate that sublethal concentrations of flonicamid impact the demographic parameters of A. gossypii, resulting in suppression of population growth. This study presents comprehensive information on the overall impact of flonicamid on A. gossypii, which could potentially aid in managing this major pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Gul
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Ali Güncan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Turkey;
| | - Farman Ullah
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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You X, Chen X, Jiang Y, Chen H, Liu J, Wu Z, Sun W, Ni J. 6PPD-quinone affects the photosynthetic carbon fixation in cyanobacteria by extracting photosynthetic electrons. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100630. [PMID: 38800352 PMCID: PMC11126802 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic carbon fixation by cyanobacteria plays a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle but is threatened by environmental pollutants. To date, the impact of quinones, with electron shuttling properties, on cyanobacterial photosynthesis is unknown. Here, we present the first study investigating the effects of an emerging quinone pollutant, i.e., 6PPD-Q (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone), on the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. over a 400-generation exposure period. Synechocystis sp. exhibited distinct sequential phases, including hormesis, toxicity, and eventual recovery, throughout this exposure. Extensive evidence, including results of thylakoid membrane morphological and photosynthetic responses, carbon fixation rate, and key gene/protein analyses, strongly indicates that 6PPD-Q is a potent disruptor of photosynthesis. 6PPD-Q accepts photosynthetic electrons at the plastoquinone QB site in photosystem II (PSII) and the phylloquinone A1 site in PSI, leading to a sustained decrease in the carbon fixation of cyanobacteria after an ephemeral increase. This work revealed the specific mechanism by which 6PPD-Q interferes with photosynthetic carbon fixation in cyanobacteria, which is highly important for the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi You
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ximin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinren Ni
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
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Klátyik S, Takács E, Barócsi A, Lenk S, Kocsányi L, Darvas B, Székács A. Hormesis, the Individual and Combined Phytotoxicity of the Components of Glyphosate-Based Formulations on Algal Growth and Photosynthetic Activity. TOXICS 2024; 12:257. [PMID: 38668480 PMCID: PMC11055126 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of the market-leading glyphosate active ingredient in surface waters is a globally observed phenomenon. Although co-formulants in pesticide formulations were considered inactive components from the aspects of the required main biological effect of the pesticide, several studies have proven the high individual toxicity of formulating agents, as well as the enhanced combined toxicity of the active ingredients and other components. Since the majority of active ingredients are present in the form of chemical mixtures in our environment, the possible combined toxicity between active ingredients and co-formulants is particularly important. To assess the individual and combined phytotoxicity of the components, glyphosate was tested in the form of pure active ingredient (glyphosate isopropylammonium salt) and herbicide formulations (Roundup Classic and Medallon Premium) formulated with a mixture of polyethoxylated tallow amines (POEA) or alkyl polyglucosides (APG), respectively. The order of acute toxicity was as follows for Roundup Classic: glyphosate < herbicide formulation < POEA. However, the following order was demonstrated for Medallon Premium: herbicide formulation < glyphosate < APG. Increased photosynthetic activity was detected after the exposure to the formulation (1.5-5.8 mg glyphosate/L and 0.5-2.2 mg POEA/L) and its components individually (glyphosate: 13-27.2 mg/L, POEA: 0.6-4.8 mg/L), which indicates hormetic effects. However, decreased photosynthetic activity was detected at higher concentrations of POEA (19.2 mg/L) and Roundup Classic (11.6-50.6 mg glyphosate/L). Differences were demonstrated in the sensitivity of the selected algae species and, in addition to the individual and combined toxicity of the components presented in the glyphosate-based herbicides. Both of the observed inhibitory and stimulating effects can adversely affect the aquatic ecosystems and water quality of surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szandra Klátyik
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (S.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Eszter Takács
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (S.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Attila Barócsi
- Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Sándor Lenk
- Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.L.); (L.K.)
| | - László Kocsányi
- Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Béla Darvas
- Hungarian Society of Ecotoxicology, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - András Székács
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (S.K.); (E.T.)
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Hansul S, Fettweis A, Smolders E, Schamphelaere KD. Extrapolating Metal (Cu, Ni, Zn) Toxicity from Individuals to Populations Across Daphnia Species Using Mechanistic Models: The Roles of Uncertainty Propagation and Combined Physiological Modes of Action. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:338-358. [PMID: 37921584 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic effect modeling is a promising tool to improve the ecological realism of environmental risk assessment. An open question for the mechanistic modeling of metal toxicity is whether the same physiological mode of action (PMoA) could be assumed for closely related species. The implications of various modeling choices, such as the use of parameter point estimates and assumption of simplistic toxicodynamic models, are largely unexplored. We conducted life-table experiments with Daphnia longispina, Daphnia magna, and Daphnia pulex exposed to the single metals Cu, Ni, and Zn, and calibrated toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models based on dynamic energy budget theory. We developed TKTD models with single and combined PMoAs to compare their goodness-of-fit and predicted population-level sensitivity. We identified the PMoA reproduction efficiency as most probable in all species for Ni and Zn, but not for Cu, and found that combined-PMoA models predicted higher population-level sensitivity than single-PMoA models, which was related to the predicted individual-level sensitivity, rather than to mechanistic differences between models. Using point estimates of parameters, instead of sampling from the probability distributions of parameters, could also lead to differences in the predicted population-level sensitivity. According to model predictions, apical chronic endpoints (cumulative reproduction, survival) are conservative for single-metal population effects across metals and species. We conclude that the assumption of an identical PMoA for different species of Daphnia could be justified for Ni and Zn, but not for Cu. Single-PMoA models are more appropriate than combined-PMoA models from a model selection perspective, but propagation of the associated uncertainty should be considered. More accurate predictions of effects at low concentrations may nevertheless motivate the use of combined-PMoA models. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:338-358. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hansul
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Erik Smolders
- Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karel De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Ji X, Jiang YT, Guo TX, Zhang P, Li XA, Kong FB, Zhang BZ. Sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the fitness of two species of wheat aphids, Schizaphis graminum (R.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294877. [PMID: 38011174 PMCID: PMC10681248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that efficiently controls piercing-sucking mouthparts pests. However, the impact of low lethal concentration of imidacloprid on key demographic parameters of wheat aphids, Schizaphis graminum (R.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) has been scarcely studied. In this study, we used the age stage, two-sex life table approach to investigate the sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the biological traits of S. graminum and R. padi. Bioassays showed that imidacloprid possesses high toxicity to adult S. graminum and R. padi, with LC50 of 3.59 and 13.78 mg L-1 following 24 h exposure. A low lethal concentration of imidacloprid (LC25) significantly decreased adult longevity and total longevity of progeny generation aphids (F1) of S. graminum. Nevertheless, imidacloprid (LC25) had no significant effects on the fecundity and longevity of directly exposed parental parental S. graminum and R. padi (F0). Our results showed that the low lethal concentration of imidacloprid affected the demographic parameters that ultimately impact on the population of S. graminum. This study provides detailed information about the overall effects of imidacloprid on S. graminum and R. padi that might help to manage these two key pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ji
- Hebi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Hebi, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Tai Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Xin Guo
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Xin-an Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Bin Kong
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Zhong Zhang
- Hebi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Hebi, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P.R. China
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6
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Agathokleous E, Blande JD, Masui N, Calabrese EJ, Zhang J, Sicard P, Guedes RNC, Benelli G. Sublethal chemical stimulation of arthropod parasitoids and parasites of agricultural and environmental importance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116876. [PMID: 37573021 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have reported stimulation of various organisms in the presence of environmental contaminants. This has created a need to critically evaluate sublethal stimulation and hormetic responses of arthropod parasitoids and parasites following exposure to pesticides and other contaminants. Examining this phenomenon with a focus on arthropods of agricultural and environmental importance serves as the framework for this literature review. This review shows that several pesticides, with diverse chemical structures and different modes of action, applied individually or in combination at sublethal doses, commonly stimulate an array of arthropod parasitoids and parasites. Exposure at sublethal doses can enhance responses related to physiology (e.g., respiration, total lipid content, and total protein content), behavior (e.g., locomotor activity, antennal drumming frequency, host location, and parasitization), and fitness (longevity, growth, fecundity, population net and gross reproduction). Concordantly, the parasitic potential (e.g., infestation efficacy, parasitization rate, and parasitoid/parasite emergence) can be increased, and as a result host activities inhibited. There is some evidence illustrating hormetic dose-responses, but the relevant literature commonly included a limited number and range of doses, precluding a robust differentiation between sub- and superNOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level) stimulation. These results reveal a potentially significant threat to ecological health, through stimulation of harmful parasitic organisms by environmental contaminants, and highlight the need to include sublethal stimulation and hormetic responses in relevant ecological pesticide risk assessments. Curiously, considering a more utilitarian view, hormesis may also assist in optimizing mass rearing of biological control agents for field use, a possibility that also remains neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China; Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noboru Masui
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 4228526, Japan
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | | | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Gul H, Ul Haq I, Ullah F, Khan S, Yaseen A, Shah SH, Tariq K, Güncan A, Desneux N, Liu X. Impact of sublethal concentrations of flonicamid on key demographic parameters and feeding behavior of Schizaphis graminum. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:756-767. [PMID: 37462788 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Flonicamid is a novel systemic insecticide that efficiently controls sap-sucking insect pests. However, the impact of sublethal concentrations of flonicamid on key demographic parameters and the feeding behavior of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum has not yet been studied. In this study, we used the age stage, two-sex life table approach, and electrical penetration graphs (EPGs) to investigate the sublethal effects of flonicamid on the biological traits and feeding behavior of S. graminum. Bioassays showed that flonicamid possesses high toxicity to adult S. graminum with LC50 of 5.111 mg L-1 following 48 h exposure. Sublethal concentrations of flonicamid (LC5 and LC10) significantly decreased the longevity and fecundity of directly exposed parental aphids (F0), while the reproductive days were reduced only at LC10. The pre-adult stage and total pre-reproductive period (TPRP) increased in F1 individuals after exposure of F0 aphids to the sublethal concentrations of flonicamid. Furthermore, the adult longevity, fecundity and key demographic parameters (R0, r, and λ) were significantly reduced in progeny generation (F1). EPG recordings showed that the total duration of phloem sap ingestion and concurrent salivation (E2) decreased substantially in F0 and F1 aphids after exposure to LC5 and LC10 of flonicamid. Taken together, our results showed that the sublethal concentrations of flonicamid affect the demographic parameters and feeding behavior that ultimately suppress the population growth of S. graminum. This study provides in-depth information about the overall effects of flonicamid on S. graminum that might help to manage this key pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Gul
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Insect Pest Management Program, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Insect Pest Management Program, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanza Khan
- Insect Pest Management Program, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Yaseen
- Insect Pest Management Program, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Said Hussain Shah
- Insect Pest Management Program, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kaleem Tariq
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ali Güncan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Boisseaux P, Hopkinson P, Santillo D, Smith C, Garmulewicz A, Powell Z, Galloway T. Environmental safety of second and third generation bioplastics in the context of the circular economy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114835. [PMID: 37003058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioplastics derived from organic materials other than crude oil are often suggested as sustainable solutions for tackling end-of-life plastic waste, but little is known of their ecotoxicity to aquatic species. Here, we investigated the ecotoxicity of second and third generation bioplastics toward the freshwater zooplankton Daphnia magna. In acute toxicity tests (48 h), survival was impacted at high concentrations (g.L-1 range), within the range of salinity-induced toxicity. Macroalgae-derived bioplastic induced hormetic responses under chronic exposure (21 d). Most biological traits were enhanced from 0.06 to 0.25 g.L-1 (reproduction rate, body length, width, apical spine, protein concentration), while most of these traits returned to controls level at 0.5 g.L-1. Phenol-oxidase activity, indicative of immune function, was enhanced only at the lowest concentration (0.06 g.L-1). We hypothesise these suggested health benefits were due to assimilation of carbon derived from the macroalgae-based bioplastic as food. Polymer identity was confirmed by infra-red spectroscopy. Chemical analysis of each bioplastic revealed low metal abundance whilst non target exploration of organic compounds revealed trace amounts of phthalates and flame retardants. The macroalgae-bioplastic disintegrated completely in compost and biodegraded up to 86 % in aqueous medium. All bioplastics acidified the test medium. In conclusion, the tested bioplastics were classified as environmentally safe. Nonetheless, a reasonable end-of-life management of these safer-by-design materials is advised to ensure the absence of harmful effects at high concentrations, depending on the receiving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Boisseaux
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD Exeter, UK.
| | - Peter Hopkinson
- Exeter Business School, Building One, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD Exeter, UK
| | - David Santillo
- Greenpeace laboratory, Innovation Centre, University of Exeter, EX4 4RN Exeter, UK
| | | | - Alysia Garmulewicz
- Materiom C.I.C, E8 4QS London, UK; Faculty of Administration and Economics, Department of Administration, University of Santiago of Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Tamara Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD Exeter, UK
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9
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Rodrigues CC, Salla RF, Rocha TL. Bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological impact of micro(nano)plastics in aquatic and land snails: Historical review, current research and emerging trends. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130382. [PMID: 36417779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are ubiquitous emerging pollutants in the environment. Although MPs/NPs' hazardous effects have been described at different trophic levels, little attention has been given to how they can affect gastropod communities. Thus, the current study aimed to summarize and critically address data available in the scientific literature about micro(nano)plastics' ecotoxicological impact on snails. The analyzed data has evidenced MP/NP bioaccumulation in 40 gastropod species collected in the field; 15 gastropod species were used to assess the potential toxicity of MPs/NPs. Asia accounted for the highest level of MPs/NPs bioaccumulated in gastropods; it was followed by the South American, European and Antarctic continents. MPs/NPs' toxicity depends on their composition, shape and size, as well as on differences in methodological approaches adopted by different studies. Results have shown that MPs/NPs induce several impairments - such as behavioral changes, developmental toxicity, dysbiosis, histopathological alterations, oxidative stress -, generate ecological impairments, as well as act as pollutant vector and increase chiral chemicals' toxicity. Research gaps and recommendations for future research were highlighted to help better understanding MPs/NPs' toxicity in gastropods, given the extremely important role played by them in studies focused on investigating how MPs/NPs can affect invertebrate communities living in terrestrial and aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cândido Carvalho Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Raquel Fernanda Salla
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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10
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Ben Y, Cheng M, Liu Y, Wang L, Yang Q, Huang X, Zhou Q. The stimulatory effect and mechanism of low-dose lanthanum on soybean leaf cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129924. [PMID: 36113347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light rare earth elements (LREEs) have been long used in agriculture (i.e., mainly via aerially applied LREE fertilizers) based on the fact that low-dose LREEs promote plant growth. Meanwhile, the toxic effects of low-dose LREEs on organisms have also been found. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism of low-dose LREEs acting on organisms remain unclear. Plants are at the beginning of food chains, so it is critical to uncover the cellular and molecular mechanism of low-dose LREEs on plants. Here, lanthanum (La) and soybean were the representatives of LREEs and plants, respectively. The effects of low-dose La on soybean leaves were investigated, and the stimulatory effect and mechanism of low-dose LREEs on leaf cells were revealed. Specifically, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) activated by low-dose La is an influx channel for La in soybean leaf cells. The intracellular La and La-activated CME jointly disturbed multiple forms of intracellular homeostasis, including metallic element homeostasis, redox homeostasis, gene expression homeostasis. The disturbed homeostasis either stimulated cell growth or caused damage to the plasma membrane of soybean leaf cells. These results provide new insights for clarifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of low-dose LREEs as a class of stimulators instead of nutrients to stimulate plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ben
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengzhu Cheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qing Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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11
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Iftikhar A, Hafeez F, Aziz MA, Hashim M, Naeem A, Yousaf HK, Saleem MJ, Hussain S, Hafeez M, Ali Q, Rehman M, Akhtar S, Marc RA, Syaad KMA, Mostafa YS, Saeed FAA. Assessment of sublethal and transgenerational effects of spirotetramat, on population growth of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Front Physiol 2022; 13:1014190. [PMID: 36579021 PMCID: PMC9791945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1014190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) is a devastating pest of cruciferous crops causing economic damage worldwide and notably owing to its increasing resistance to commonly used pesticides. Such resistance prompts the development of integrated pest management (IPM) programs that include novel pesticides being effective against the aphids. Spirotetramat is a novel insecticide used against sap-sucking insect pests, particularly aphids. This study evaluated the toxicity of spirotetramat to adult apterous B. brassicae after 72 h using the leaf dipping method. According to the toxicity bioassay results, the LC50 value of spirotetramat to B. brassicae was 1.304 mgL-1. However, the sublethal concentrations (LC5 and LC15) and transgenerational effects of this novel insecticide on population growth parameters were estimated using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory method. The sublethal concentrations (LC5; 0.125 mgL-1 and LC15; 0.298 mgL-1) of spirotetramat reduced the adult longevity and fecundity of the parent generation (F0). These concentrations prolonged the preadult developmental duration while decreasing preadult survival, adult longevity and reproduction of the F1 generation. The adult pre-reproductive period was also extended by spirotetramat treatment groups. Subsequently, the population growth parameters such as the intrinsic rate of increase r, finite rate of increase λ and net reproductive rate R 0 of the F1 generation were decreased in spirotetramat treatment groups whereas, the mean generation time T of the F1 generation was not affected when compared to the control. These results indicated the negative effect of sublethal concentrations of spirotetramat on the performance of B. brassicae by reducing its nymphal survival, extending the duration of some immature stages and suppressing the population growth of B. brassicae. Overall, we demonstrated that spirotetramat is a pesticide showing both sublethal activities, and transgenerational effects on cabbage aphid; it may be useful for implementation in IPM programs against this aphid pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Iftikhar
- Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Ayesha Iftikhar, ; Muhammad Hafeez,
| | - Faisal Hafeez
- Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Aziz
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hashim
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Naeem
- Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Jawad Saleem
- Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Agriculture, Mir Chakar Khan Rind University, Sibi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ayesha Iftikhar, ; Muhammad Hafeez,
| | - Qurban Ali
- Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzammal Rehman
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Sumreen Akhtar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Khalid M. Al Syaad
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yassor Sabry Mostafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah A. Al Saeed
- Department of Biology, Saudi Arabia Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Filipiak M, Shields MW, Cairns SM, Grainger MNC, Wratten SD. The conserved and high K-to-Na ratio in sunflower pollen: Possible implications for bee health and plant-bee interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1042348. [PMID: 36388528 PMCID: PMC9664163 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1042348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sodium (Na) concentrations are low in plant tissues, and its metabolic function in plants is minor; however, Na is a key nutrient for plant consumers. Previous studies have thus far focused on Na concentration. Nevertheless, a balanced potassium (K) to Na ratio (K:Na) is more important than Na concentration alone since food with high K:Na has detrimental effects on consumers irrespective of Na concentration. Therefore, plants may actively regulate K:Na in their tissues and products, shaping plant-insect interactions. Studies considering nutritional aspects of plant-insect interactions have focused on nonreproductive tissues and nectar. In this study, we consider pollen as serving a primary reproductive function for plants as well as a food of pollinivores. Plants might regulate K:Na in pollen to affect their interactions with pollinivorous pollinators. To investigate whether such a mechanism exists, we manipulated Na concentrations in soil and measured the proportion of K, Na, and 13 other nutrient elements in the pollen of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultivars. This approach allowed us to account for the overall nutritional quality of pollen by investigating the proportions of many elements that could correlate with the concentrations of K and Na. Of the elements studied, only the concentrations of Na and K were highly correlated. Pollen K:Na was high in both cultivars irrespective of Na fertilization, and it remained high regardless of pollen Na concentration. Interestingly, pollen K:Na did not decrease as pollen increased the Na concentration. We hypothesize that high K:Na in pollen might benefit plant fertilization and embryonic development; therefore, a tradeoff might occur between producing low K:Na pollen as a reward for pollinators and high K:Na pollen to optimize the plant fertilization process. This is the first study to provide data on pollen K:Na regulation by plants. Our findings broaden the understanding of plant-bee interactions and provide a foundation for a better understanding of the role of the soil-plant-pollen-pollinator pathway in nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Specifically, unexplored costs and tradeoffs related to balancing the K:Na by plants and pollinivores might play a role in past and current shaping of pollination ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Filipiak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Morgan W. Shields
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Sarah M. Cairns
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Stephen D. Wratten
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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13
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Vimal N, Angmo N, Sengupta M, Seth RK. Radiation Hormesis to Improve the Quality of Adult Spodoptera litura (Fabr.). INSECTS 2022; 13:933. [PMID: 36292881 PMCID: PMC9604102 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mass rearing of insects of high biological quality is a crucial attribute for the successful implementation of sterile insect release programs. Various ontogenetic stages of Spodoptera litura (Fabr.) were treated with a range of low doses of ionizing radiation (0.25-1.25 Gy) to assess whether these gamma doses could elicit a stimulating effect on the growth and viability of developing moths. Doses in the range of 0.75 Gy to 1.0 Gy administered to eggs positively influenced pupal weight, adult emergence, and growth index, with a faster developmental period. The enhanced longevity of adults derived from eggs treated with 0.75 Gy and 1.0 Gy, and for larvae and pupae treated with 1.0 Gy, indicated a hormetic effect on these life stages. Furthermore, the use of these hormetic doses upregulated the relative mRNA expression of genes associated with longevity (foxo, sirtuin 2 like/sirt1, atg8) and viability/antioxidative function (cat and sod), suggesting a positive hormetic effect at the transcriptional level. These results indicated the potential use of low dose irradiation (0.75-1 Gy) on preimaginal stages as hormetic doses to improve the quality of the reared moths. This might increase the efficiency of the inherited sterility technique for the management of these lepidopteran pests.
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14
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Fischer J, Talal GDA, Schnee LS, Otomo PV, Filser J. Clay Types Modulate the Toxicity of Low Concentrated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Toward Springtails in Artificial Test Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2454-2465. [PMID: 35856869 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) can be applied as an efficient alternative to conventional Cu in agriculture. Negative effects of CuO-NPs on soil organisms were found, but only in clay-rich loamy soils. It is hypothesized that clay-NP interactions are the origin of the observed toxic effects. In the present study, artificial Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development soils containing 30% of kaolin or montmorillonite as clay type were spiked with 1-32 mg Cu/kg of uncoated CuO-NPs or CuCl2 . We performed 28-day reproduction tests with springtails of the species Folsomia candida and recorded the survival, reproduction, dry weight, and Cu content of adults. In a second experiment, molting frequency and the Cu content of exuviae, as well as the biochemical endpoints metallothionein and catalase (CAT) in springtails, were investigated. In the reproduction assay, negative effects on all endpoints were observed, but only in soils containing montmorillonite and mostly for CuO-NPs. For the biochemical endpoints and Cu content of exuviae, effects were clearly distinct between Cu forms in montmorillonite soil, but a significant reduction compared to the control was only found for CAT activity. Therefore, the reduced CAT activity in CuO-NP-montmorillonite soil might be responsible for the observed toxicity, potentially resulting from reactive oxygen species formation overloading the antioxidant system. This process seems to be highly concentration-dependent, because all endpoints investigated in reproduction and biochemical assays of CuO-NP-montmorillonite treatments showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship and were constantly reduced by approximately 40% at a field-realistic concentration of 3 mg/kg, but not at 32 mg/kg. The results underline that clay-CuO-NP interactions are crucial for their toxic behavior, especially at low, field-realistic concentrations, which should be considered for risk assessment of CuO-NPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2454-2465. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Fischer
- Department of General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, UFT, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ghanem D A Talal
- Department of General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, UFT, Bremen, Germany
| | - Laura S Schnee
- Department of General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, UFT, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Mineralogy, Soil Mineralogy, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Patricks V Otomo
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of The Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, Republic of South Africa
| | - Juliane Filser
- Department of General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, UFT, Bremen, Germany
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15
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Oxidative stress, aging, antioxidant supplementation and their impact on human health: An overview. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 206:111707. [PMID: 35839856 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue and organ function due to genetic and environmental factors, nutrition, and lifestyle. Oxidative stress is one the most important mechanisms of cellular senescence and increased frailty, resulting in several age-linked, noncommunicable diseases. Contributing events include genomic instability, telomere shortening, epigenetic mechanisms, reduced proteome homeostasis, altered stem-cell function, defective intercellular communication, progressive deregulation of nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic unbalance. These complex events and their interplay can be modulated by dietary habits and the ageing process, acting as potential measures of primary and secondary prevention. Promising nutritional approaches include the Mediterranean diet, the intake of dietary antioxidants, and the restriction of caloric intake. A comprehensive understanding of the ageing processes should promote new biomarkers of risk or diagnosis, but also beneficial treatments oriented to increase lifespan.
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16
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Larras F, Charles S, Chaumot A, Pelosi C, Le Gall M, Mamy L, Beaudouin R. A critical review of effect modeling for ecological risk assessment of plant protection products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43448-43500. [PMID: 35391640 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A wide diversity of plant protection products (PPP) is used for crop protection leading to the contamination of soil, water, and air, which can have ecotoxicological impacts on living organisms. It is inconceivable to study the effects of each compound on each species from each compartment, experimental studies being time consuming and cost prohibitive, and animal testing having to be avoided. Therefore, numerous models are developed to assess PPP ecotoxicological effects. Our objective was to provide an overview of the modeling approaches enabling the assessment of PPP effects (including biopesticides) on the biota. Six categories of models were inventoried: (Q)SAR, DR and TKTD, population, multi-species, landscape, and mixture models. They were developed for various species (terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, primary producers, micro-organisms) belonging to diverse environmental compartments, to address different goals (e.g., species sensitivity or PPP bioaccumulation assessment, ecosystem services protection). Among them, mechanistic models are increasingly recognized by EFSA for PPP regulatory risk assessment but, to date, remain not considered in notified guidance documents. The strengths and limits of the reviewed models are discussed together with improvement avenues (multigenerational effects, multiple biotic and abiotic stressors). This review also underlines a lack of model testing by means of field data and of sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. Accurate and robust modeling of PPP effects and other stressors on living organisms, from their application in the field to their functional consequences on the ecosystems at different scales of time and space, would help going toward a more sustainable management of the environment. Graphical Abstract Combination of the keyword lists composing the first bibliographic query. Columns were joined together with the logical operator AND. All keyword lists are available in Supplementary Information at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775038 (Larras et al. 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Larras
- INRAE, Directorate for Collective Scientific Assessment, Foresight and Advanced Studies, Paris, 75338, France
| | - Sandrine Charles
- University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratory of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology, Villeurbanne Cedex, 69622, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Ecotoxicology laboratory, Villeurbanne, F-69625, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- Avignon University, INRAE, UMR EMMAH, Avignon, 84000, France
| | - Morgane Le Gall
- Ifremer, Information Scientifique et Technique, Bibliothèque La Pérouse, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Laure Mamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France
| | - Rémy Beaudouin
- Ineris, Experimental Toxicology and Modelling Unit, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Verneuil en Halatte, 65550, France.
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17
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Peršić V, Antunović Dunić J, Domjan L, Zellnig G, Cesar V. Time Course of Age-Linked Changes in Photosynthetic Efficiency of Spirodela polyrhiza Exposed to Cadmium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:872793. [PMID: 35693160 PMCID: PMC9175006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Short-term assessment of adverse effects is essential for populations exposed to higher risk of environmental pollution. This study presents the time course of physiological and morphological changes attributed to cadmium, emphasizing age-linked differences in the susceptibility of photosynthetic apparatus of Spirodela polyrhiza fronds exposed to different cadmium concentrations. A four-frond colony represented by mother, daughter, and granddaughter plants was exposed to cadmium concentrations for 6, 24, and 72 h to establish its effect on different generations of the great duckweed. The duration of cadmium exposure accounted for the most variation in chlorophyll content as the most influential variable, and after 72 h, frond responsiveness was a function of cadmium concentration. Carotenoid contents behaved slightly differently in fronds of different ages, with the oldest mother frond exhibiting accelerated senescence. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed that cadmium affects different photosynthetic electron transport segments relative to the frond's chloroplast structure level. Photosynthesis of mother fronds exposed to low cadmium and daughter fronds exposed to high cadmium was determined by the functionality of primary electron acceptance at the PSII level. Mother plants exposed to higher cadmium concentrations were characterized by closed and inactive reaction centers, dissipated energy outflux, and inhibited photosynthesis. Young fronds exposed to low and high cadmium concentrations were characterized by increased non-reducing reaction centers and thermal phase reduction, with activated dissipative mechanisms at high cadmium concentrations. Cadmium-induced changes in the ultrastructure of chloroplasts were visible after 6 h of exposure to lowest concentrations, with gradual degradation of the thylakoid system as the fronds aged. Younger fronds responded to cadmium more dynamically through molecular, physiological, and anatomical changes and tolerated a more reduced electron transport chain under given conditions than older fronds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Peršić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Lucija Domjan
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Verdú I, Amariei G, Plaza-Bolaños P, Agüera A, Leganés F, Rosal R, Fernández-Piñas F. Polystyrene nanoplastics and wastewater displayed antagonistic toxic effects due to the sorption of wastewater micropollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:153063. [PMID: 35031361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge about the interaction of nanoplastics with other aquatic pollutants and their combined effects on biota is very scarce. In this work, we studied the interaction between polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) (30 nm) and the micropollutants in a biologically treated wastewater effluent (WW). The capacity of PS NPs to sorb micropollutants was studied as well as their single and combined toxicity towards three freshwater organisms: the recombinant bioluminescent cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 CPB4337; the duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza and the cladoceran, Daphnia magna. The endpoints were the inhibition of bioluminescence, the growth inhibition of the aquatic plant and the immobilization of D. magna after 24, 72 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. Combination Index (CI)-isobologram method was used to quantify mixture toxicity and the nature of interactions. PS NPs sorbed a variety of chemicals present in WW as micropollutants in a range of tens of ng/L to μg/L. It was found that those pollutants with positive charge were the main ones retained onto PS NPs, which was attributed to the electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged PS NPs. Regarding the toxicological effects, single exposure to PS NPs affected the three tested organisms. However, single exposure to WW only had a negative impact on the cyanobacterium and S. polyrhiza with no observed toxicity to D. magna. Regarding PS NPs-WW combined exposure, a reduction of toxicity in comparison with single exposure was observed probably due to the sorption of micropollutants onto PS NPs, which resulted in lower bioavailability of the micropollutants. In addition, the formation of PS NPs-WW heteroaggregates was observed which could result in lower bioavailability of PS NPs and sorbed micropollutants, thus lowering toxicity. This study represents a near-realistic scenario approach to the potential sorption of wastewater pollutants onto nanoplastics that could alter the toxicological effect on the biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Verdú
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgiana Amariei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Plaza-Bolaños
- CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Ana Agüera
- CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco Leganés
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Colpaert R, Petit Dit Grézériat L, Louzon M, de Vaufleury A, Gimbert F. Polyethylene microplastic toxicity to the terrestrial snail Cantareus aspersus: size matters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29258-29267. [PMID: 34462861 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic has become the most widespread human-made material and small fragments (< 5mm, so called microplastics, MPs) accumulate in all the ecosystems. It is now admitted that the terrestrial environment represents an important sink for MPs and it has only recently become the focus of research, notably in ecotoxicology. In spite of a growing body of evidence regarding the potential effects of MPs on soil biota, more efforts are needed to address issues in this field. The aim of our study was to measure, at different levels of biological organization, the responses of Cantareus aspersus snail to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) particles dispersed in their food. Juvenile snails were exposed to a range of LDPE concentrations (10, 25, and 50% v/v) and sizes (median particle size (d50) of 120, 292, 340, and 560 μm). This study showed no snail feeding avoidance toward LDPE. The ingestion and digestion processes along the snail digestive tract did not lead to a measurable fragmentation of the MP particles. At the individual scale, big sized particles improved growth at the lowest exposure concentration tested, whereas at the molecular level, only small sized particles triggered oxidative stress but without causing quantifiable cyto- or genotoxic effects. The underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated which strengthens the necessity to improve our knowledge on the effects of MPs on various biological models to better evaluate their environmental risks in terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Colpaert
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Lucas Petit Dit Grézériat
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Maxime Louzon
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Annette de Vaufleury
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Gimbert
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France.
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Erofeeva EA. Environmental hormesis of non-specific and specific adaptive mechanisms in plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150059. [PMID: 34508935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive responses of plants are important not only for local processes in populations and communities but also for global processes in the biosphere through the primary production of ecosystems. In recent years, the concept of environmental hormesis has been increasingly used to explain the adaptive responses of living organisms, including plants, to low doses of natural factors, both abiotic and biotic, as well as various anthropogenic impacts. However, the issues of whether plant hormesis is similar/different when it is induced by mild stressors having different specific effects and what is the contribution of hormetic stimulation of non-specific and specific adaptive mechanisms in plant resilience to strong stressors (i.e., preconditioning) remains unclear. This paper analyses hormetic stimulation of non-specific and specific adaptive mechanisms in plants and its significance for preconditioning, the phenomenon of the hormetic trade-off for these mechanisms, and the position of hormetic stimulation of non-specific and specific adaptive mechanisms in the system of plant adaptations to environmental challenges. The analysis has shown that both non-specific and specific adaptive mechanisms of plants can be stimulated hormetically by mild stressors and are important for plant preconditioning. Due to limited plant resources, non-specific and specific adaptive mechanisms have hormetic trades-offs 1 (hormesis accompanied by the deterioration of some plant traits) and 2 (hormesis of some plant traits with the invariability of others). At the same time, hormetic trade-off 2 is observed much more often than hormetic trade-off 1, at least, this was demonstrated here for non-specific adaptive responses of plants. The hormetic stimulation of non-specific and specific adaptive mechanisms is part of the inducible adaptation of plants caused by stress factors and is an adaptation to random (unpredictable) changes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Erofeeva
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Gagarina Pr, Nizhni Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation.
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21
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Filipiak ZM, Bednarska AJ. Different effects of Zn nanoparticles and ions on growth and cellular respiration in the earthworm Eisenia andrei after long-term exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:459-469. [PMID: 33616802 PMCID: PMC7987695 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of zinc nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and ions (ZnCl2) on the mortality, growth, maturation, and cellular respiration of the earthworm Eisenia andrei were assessed. Earthworms were individually exposed for 98 days, starting from the juvenile stage, to soils contaminated with either ZnO-NPs or ZnCl2 (125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg Zn kg-1 dry weight (dw)). Exposure to the highest-concentration ionic treatments (500 and 1000 mg kg-1) caused 100% mortality, while for other treatments, mortality did not exceed 15% at the end of exposure. Compared to the control treatment, both 125-1000 mg kg-1 ZnO-NPs and 125 or 250 mg kg-1 ZnCl2 stimulated earthworm growth, which might be due to a hormetic effect. ZnO-NPs and ZnCl2 caused different responses at medium Zn concentrations (250 and 500 mg kg-1): earthworms exposed to ionic treatment at 250 mg kg-1 were characterized by a significantly lower growth constant, lower cellular respiration rate, later inflection point, and higher final body weight than those exposed to ZnO-NPs treatments at the same (250 mg kg-1) or twice as high (500 mg kg-1) nominal Zn concentrations. However, differences were not observed in all examined parameters between the studied forms when the highest-concentration ZnO-NPs treatment was compared with the lowest-concentration ionic treatment, which was likely due to the same levels of available Zn concentrations in those treatments. Overall, different growth and maturation strategies accompanied by pronounced differences in cellular respiration were adopted by earthworms exposed to low and medium levels of either ZnO-NPs or ZnCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna M Filipiak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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Qu Y, Ullah F, Luo C, Monticelli LS, Lavoir AV, Gao X, Song D, Desneux N. Sublethal effects of beta-cypermethrin modulate interspecific interactions between specialist and generalist aphid species on soybean. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111302. [PMID: 33080437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In agroecosystems, plant-pest interactions are at the basis of complex food webs, which can be affected by both biotic and abiotic factors. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of the insecticide beta-cypermethrin on interspecific interactions between the specialist aphid Aphis glycines and the generalist aphid Aulacorthum solani on soybean. Aphis glycines showed higher fecundity than A. solani on soybean and the aphids caused unbalanced reduction in population growth on each other. A sublethal concentration of beta-cypermethrin (LC5 for A. glycines) stimulated the reproduction of A. glycines but it did not impact the fecundity of A. solani. However, the LC5 of beta-cypermethrin enhanced the interspecific inhibition of fecundity between the two aphid species. Moreover, the two species showed different spatial distribution on soybean seedlings. Aphis glycines mainly aggregated on the stem of soybean plant while A. solani colonized soybean leaves. The LC5 of beta-cypermethrin drove A. solani migrating from soybean leaves to stems independently of interspecific competition. Aphis glycines facilitated A. solani colonization on soybean plant through impacting host susceptibility, and vice versa. Nevertheless, such facilitated colonization-induced susceptibility could be modulated through exposure to the LC5 of beta-cypermethrin. These findings hinted that the pyrethroid insecticide beta-cypermethrin has the potential to mediate the interspecific competition between specialist and generalist aphids (at the sublethal concentration of LC5), and that it could influence aphid population growth and community structure in soybean crops. This knowledge could contribute to rationalize application of insecticides and to optimize Integrated Pest Management in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Qu
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000, Nice, France.
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | | | | | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dunlun Song
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000, Nice, France
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Santoro A, Martucci M, Conte M, Capri M, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. Inflammaging, hormesis and the rationale for anti-aging strategies. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101142. [PMID: 32814129 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We propose in this review that hormesis, a concept profoundly and systematically addressed by Mark Mattson, has to be considered a sort of comprehensive "contact point" capable of unifying several conceptualizations of the aging process, including those focused on the stress response, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation/inflammaging. A major strength of hormesis and inflammaging is that they have a strong evolutionary basis. Moreover, both hormesis and inflammaging frame the aging process within a lifelong perspective of adaptation to different types of stresses. Such adaptation perspective also suggests that the aging process is malleable, and predicts that effective anti-aging strategies should mimic what evolution did in the course of million years and that we have to learn how to exploit the great potential inherent in the hormetic/inflammatory responses. To this regard, new topics such as the production of mitokines to cope with mitochondrial dysfunction are emerging as possible anti-aging target. This approach opens theoretically the door to the possibility of modulating the individual aging rate and trajectory by adopting the most effective scientifically-based lifestyle regarding fundamentally nutrition and physical activity. In this scenario Mark Mattson's lesson and personal example will permanently enlighten the aging field and the quest for a healthy aging and longevity.
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24
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Sherborne N, Galic N, Ashauer R. Sublethal effect modelling for environmental risk assessment of chemicals: Problem definition, model variants, application and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:141027. [PMID: 32758729 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergetic models, and specifically dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory, are gathering a great deal of interest as a tool to predict the effects of realistically variable exposure to toxicants over time on an individual animal. Here we use aquatic ecological risk assessment (ERA) as the context for a review of the different model variants within DEB and the closely related DEBkiss theory (incl. reserves, ageing, size & maturity, starvation). We propose a coherent and unifying naming scheme for all current major DEB variants, explore the implications of each model's underlying assumptions in terms of its capability and complexity and analyse differences between the models (endpoints, mathematical differences, physiological modes of action). The results imply a hierarchy of model complexity which could be used to guide the implementation of simplified model variants. We provide a decision tree to support matching the simplest suitable model to a given research or regulatory question. We detail which new insights can be gained by using DEB in toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic modelling, both generally and for the specific example of ERA, and highlight open questions. Specifically, we outline a moving time window approach to assess time-variable exposure concentrations and discuss how to account for cross-generational exposure. Where possible, we suggest valuable topics for experimental and theoretical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Sherborne
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom.
| | - Nika Galic
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, NC, United States of America
| | - Roman Ashauer
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, United Kingdom; Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Rosentalstrasse 67, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
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Moreira RA, de Araujo GS, Silva ARRG, Daam MA, Rocha O, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. Effects of abamectin-based and difenoconazole-based formulations and their mixtures in Daphnia magna: a multiple endpoint approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1486-1499. [PMID: 32388636 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the toxicity of pesticide formulations Kraft® 36 EC (active ingredient-a.i. abamectin) and Score® 250 EC (a.i. difenoconazole), and their mixtures in Daphnia magna at different biological levels of organization. Survival, reproduction and biochemical markers (cholinesterase (ChE), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO)) were some of the endpoints evaluated. Total proteins and lipids were also studied together with energy consumption (Ec). D. magna neonates were exposed for 96 h to Kraft (2, 4, and 6 ng a.i./L) and Score (12.5, 25, and 50 µg a.i./L) for the biochemical experiments, and for 15 days to abamectin (1-5 ng a.i./L) and to difenoconazole (3.12-50 µg a.i./L) to assess possible changes in reproduction. Exposures of organisms to both single compounds did not cause effects to antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, except for LPO occurring at the highest concentration of difenoconazole tested. For ChE and CAT there was enzymatic induction in mixture treatments organisms, occurring at minor pesticides concentrations for CAT and at the two highest concentrations for ChE. There were no significant differences for total protein in D. magna but lipids showed an increase at the highest concentrations of pesticide mixture combinations. There was a significant increase of Ec in individuals of all treatments tested. In the chronic test, increased fecundity occurred for D. magna under difenoconazole exposures and mixtures. This study demonstrated that mixtures of these pesticides caused greater toxicity to D. magna than when tested individually, except for Ec. Therefore, effects of mixtures are very hard to predict only based on information from single compounds, which most possibly is the result of biological complexity and redundancy in response pathways, which need further experimentation to become better known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13.560-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Odete Rocha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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26
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Oliveira NR, Moens T, Fonseca G, Nagata RM, Custódio MR, Gallucci F. Response of life-history traits of estuarine nematodes to the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 227:105609. [PMID: 32906060 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Species responses to stress are expected to be dependent on their life-history strategy. In this study, we compare the responses of two free-living marine nematodes, Litoditis marina and Diplolaimella dievengatensis, both considered opportunistic, fast-growing, and stress-tolerant species, to the exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant. Specifically, we evaluated the growth and reproduction rates, as well as the survival of individuals exposed from eggs and/or juveniles (J1) onwards. Exposure to SDS significantly affected the growth and reproduction rates of both species. However, whereas growth and reproduction rates of D. dievengatensis were significantly enhanced at low and intermediate concentrations of SDS (0.001% and 0.003%), for L. marina both parameters were significantly reduced by all SDS concentrations tested (0.001%, 0.003% and 0.006%). Exposure to SDS did not affect the survival of adult nematodes of D. dievengatensis, while for L. marina, survival of males exposed to 0.006% SDS was significantly reduced compared to the control. Responses of the life-history traits growth, fecundity and survival did not exhibit clear trade-offs. The contrasting responses of D. dievengatensis and L. marina indicate that biologically and ecologically similar species can have remarkably distinct tolerances to stress, and that, in agreement with recent studies, rhabditid nematodes cannot a priori be considered very stress tolerant. Consequently, single species traits and phylogenetic relatedness are poor predictors of nematode responses to toxic stress posed by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilvea Ramalho Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 101, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Itália, km 8, CEP: 96203-900, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil.
| | - Tom Moens
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Unit, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gustavo Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, CEP: 11070-100, Santos - SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Mitsuo Nagata
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Laboratório de Zooplâncton, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP: 96203-900, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Reis Custódio
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 101, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Gallucci
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, CEP: 11070-100, Santos - SP, Brazil
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Valmorbida I, Muraro DS, Hodgson EW, O'Neal ME. Soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) response to lambda-cyhalothrin varies with its virulence status to aphid-resistant soybean. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1464-1471. [PMID: 31659872 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, is an invasive insect in North America, considered one of the most important pests of soybean. Their management relies heavily on foliar insecticides, but there is growing effort to expand these tools to include aphid-resistant varieties. We explored if the LC50 and LC25 of lambda-cyhalothrin varied between virulent (resistant to Aphis glycines (Rag) soybeans) and avirulent (susceptible to Rag-genes soybeans) populations of soybean aphid with a leaf-dip bioassay. We also investigated the response to the LC25 of lambda-cyhalothrin on adults (F0) and their progeny (F1) for both avirulent and virulent soybean aphid. RESULTS The LC50 of the virulent aphid population was significantly higher compared with the LC50 of the avirulent population. The LC25 significantly reduced fecundity of the F0 generation of avirulent soybean aphid, but no significant effect was observed for virulent aphids. In addition, the LC25 significantly shortened the adult pre-oviposition period (APOP) and lengthened the total pre-oviposition period (TPOP) of avirulent aphids, while the mean generation time (T) was significantly increased. For the virulent aphid, sublethal exposure significantly lengthened development time of first and third instars, TPOP, and adult longevity. In addition, all demographic parameters of virulent soybean aphid were significantly affected when they were exposed to the LC25 of lambda-cyhalothrin. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate lambda-cyhalothrin is less toxic to virulent aphids and exposure to the LC25 can trigger hormesis, which may have implications for the long-term management of this pest with this insecticide as well as with aphid-resistant varieties of soybean. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dionei S Muraro
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erin W Hodgson
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Campos SO, Santana IV, Silva C, Santos-Amaya OF, Guedes RNC, Pereira EJG. Bt-induced hormesis in Bt-resistant insects: Theoretical possibility or factual concern? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109577. [PMID: 31446171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biphasic dose-response of a stressor where low amounts of a toxicant may stimulate some biological processes is a recent focus of attention in insecticide ecotoxicology. Nonetheless, the importance and management consequences of this phenomenon of pesticide-induced hormesis remain largely unrecognized. Curiously, the potential induction of hormesis by insecticidal proteins such as Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (i.e., Bt toxins), a major agriculture pest management tool of widespread use, has been wholly neglected. Thus, we aimed to circumvent this shortcoming while assessing the potential occurrence of hormesis induced by the Bt toxin Cry1Fa in its main target pest species - the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. Concentration-response bioassays were carried out in a Bt-susceptible and a Bt-resistant population providing the purified Cry1Fa toxin in artificial diet and recording the insect demographic parameters. As significant hormetic effect was detected in both populations with a significant increase in the net reproductive rate and the intrinsic rate of population growth, the potential occurrence of Bt-induced hormesis was subsequently tested providing the insects with leaves from transgenic Bt maize expressing the toxic protein. The performance of the Bt-resistant insects was not different in both maize genotypes, indicating that the leaf expression of the Bt protein did not promote hormesis in the resistant insects. Thus, despite the Bt-induced hormesis detected in the purified protein bioassays, the phenomenon was not detected with current levels of Bt expression in maize minimizing the risk of this additional efficacy constraint besides that of field occurrence of Bt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvério O Campos
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Isabella V Santana
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Cleomar Silva
- Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso, São Vicente da Serra, MT, Brazil
| | - Oscar F Santos-Amaya
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; Instituto Colombiano Agropecuário - ICA, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Interações Planta-Praga, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Eliseu José G Pereira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Interações Planta-Praga, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
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Sublethal Pyrethroid Insecticide Exposure Carries Positive Fitness Effects Over Generations in a Pest Insect. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11320. [PMID: 31383885 PMCID: PMC6683203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress tolerance and adaptation to stress are known to facilitate species invasions. Many invasive species are also pests and insecticides are used to control them, which could shape their overall tolerance to stress. It is well-known that heavy insecticide usage leads to selection of resistant genotypes but less is known about potential effects of mild sublethal insecticide usage. We studied whether stressful, sublethal pyrethroid insecticide exposure has within-generational and/or maternal transgenerational effects on fitness-related traits in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and whether maternal insecticide exposure affects insecticide tolerance of offspring. Sublethal insecticide stress exposure had positive within-and transgenerational effects. Insecticide-stressed larvae had higher adult survival and higher adult body mass than those not exposed to stress. Furthermore, offspring whose mothers were exposed to insecticide stress had higher larval and pupal survival and were heavier as adults (only females) than those descending from control mothers. Maternal insecticide stress did not explain differences in lipid content of the offspring. To conclude, stressful insecticide exposure has positive transgenerational fitness effects in the offspring. Therefore, unsuccessful insecticide control of invasive pest species may lead to undesired side effects since survival and higher body mass are known to facilitate population growth and invasion success.
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Liang PZ, Ma KS, Chen XW, Tang CY, Xia J, Chi H, Gao XW. Toxicity and Sublethal Effects of Flupyradifurone, a Novel Butenolide Insecticide, on the Development and Fecundity of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:852-858. [PMID: 30590572 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cosmopolitan pest Aphis gossypii (Glover) causes considerable economic losses on various crops by its feeding damage and transmitting diseases around the world. Flupyradifurone is a novel butenolide pesticide; its toxicity on A. gossypii parent generation (F0) was estimated following treatment with LC25 concentration for 48 h. The adult longevity and fecundity of the F0 individuals treated by flupyradifurone showed no significant decrease in comparison with the control. Life table method was used to evaluate the sublethal effects on progeny population (F1). Results showed that the development time of the fourth instar and the preadult as well as the total pre-reproductive period were significantly prolonged, while their fecundity was significantly decreased compared with the control. Additionally, the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (λ), and the net reproductive rate (R0) of F1 were all significantly lower in the group treated by LC25 than in the control group. These results reveal that the sublethal concentration of flupyradifurone could suppress the population growth of A. gossypii and indicate that this novel insecticide may be as a useful tool in pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Zhuo Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kang-Sheng Ma
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xue-Wei Chen
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Tang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin Xia
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hsin Chi
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Xi-Wu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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31
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Peršić V, Đerđ T, Varga M, Hackenberger BK. Real-time CO 2 uptake/emission measurements as a tool for early indication of toxicity in Lemna-tests. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 206:154-163. [PMID: 30476745 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an application of continuous monitoring of the emission and uptake rate of CO2 in Lemna toxicity test. On a real-time basis, the CO2 concentration data were collected by the Arduino platform-based respiratory activity measuring system (ResTox) and reported as CO2 concentration dynamic curves. The results of CO2 measurements demonstrated that tested metals (Co, Cu, Hg, and Cd), as well as herbicides (nicosulfuron, diquat, and tembotrione), stimulated the CO2 exchange rates at low doses, while at high doses CO2 exchange rates were inhibited. The addition of higher concentrations of clopyralid stimulated photosynthetic activity and caused a higher increase in respiration rates indicating its mode of action as auxin mimic herbicide. The results obtained underline the necessity of considering other biological endpoints like continuous measurements of gas exchange from the very beginning of exposure to toxicants. Simultaneous measurements of real-time CO2 concentrations, as the primary effect of toxicant mode of action, and processes that are supported by carbon flux, as the secondary effect or endpoint, are needed to relate actual and substrate-induced or inhibited respiration and photosynthesis to those processes. Therefore, continuous measurements of CO2 exchange rates can be implemented for the initial screening of potential toxicity to give valuable information that is needed for further examination of toxicity mechanisms and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Peršić
- The University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Tamara Đerđ
- The University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Martina Varga
- The University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Holder PJ, Jones A, Tyler CR, Cresswell JE. Fipronil pesticide as a suspect in historical mass mortalities of honey bees. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:13033-13038. [PMID: 30509996 PMCID: PMC6304995 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804934115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass mortalities of honey bees occurred in France in the 1990s coincident with the introduction of two agricultural insecticides, imidacloprid and fipronil. Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid, was widely blamed, but the differential potency of imidacloprid and fipronil has been unclear because of uncertainty over their capacity to bioaccumulate during sustained exposure to trace dietary residues and, thereby, cause time-reinforced toxicity (TRT). We experimentally quantified the toxicity of fipronil and imidacloprid to honey bees and incorporated the observed mortality rates into a demographic simulation of a honey bee colony in an environmentally realistic scenario. Additionally, we evaluated two bioassays from new international guidance for agrochemical regulation, which aim to detect TRT. Finally, we used analytical chemistry (GC-MS) to test for bioaccumulation of fipronil. We found in demographic simulations that only fipronil produced mass mortality in honey bees. In the bioassays, only fipronil caused TRT. GC-MS analysis revealed that virtually all of the fipronil ingested by a honey bee in a single meal was present 6 d later, which suggests that bioaccumulation is the basis of TRT in sustained dietary exposures. We therefore postulate that fipronil, not imidacloprid, caused the mass mortalities of honey bees in France during the 1990s because it is lethal to honey bees in even trace doses due to its capacity to bioaccumulate and generate TRT. Our results provide evidence that recently proposed laboratory bioassays can discriminate harmful bioaccumulative substances and, thereby, address evident shortcomings in a regulatory system that had formerly approved fipronil for agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainsley Jones
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, YO41 1LZ York, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4PS Exeter, United Kingdom
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St. Clair CR, Fuller CA. Atrazine Exposure Influences Immunity in the Blue Dasher Dragonfly, Pachydiplax longipennis (Odonata: Libellulidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:5127096. [PMID: 30312460 PMCID: PMC6181197 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural runoff containing herbicide is known to have adverse effects on freshwater organisms. Aquatic insects are particularly susceptible, and herbicide runoff has the potential to affect immunity in this group. Here we examined the effect of ecologically relevant levels of atrazine, an herbicide commonly used in the United States, on immune function in larvae of the blue dasher dragonfly (Odonata: Libelluludae, Pachydiplax longipennis Burmeister 1839) during a long-term exposure at ecologically relevant concentrations. Larvae were exposed to concentrations of 0, 1, 5, and 10 ppb atrazine for 3 or 6 wk. Hemocyte counts, hemolymph phenyloxidase (PO) activity, cuticular PO, and gut PO were measured at the end of each trial period as indicators of immune system strength. Atrazine concentration had a significant effect on hemocyte counts after controlling for larval size. There was a significant interaction between time and concentration for hemolymph PO, cuticular PO, and a marginal interaction for gut PO. The effect of atrazine on the measured immune parameters was often nonmonotonic, with larger effects observed at intermediate concentrations. Therefore, atrazine affects both hemocyte numbers and PO activity over time in P. longipennis, and the changed immune function demonstrated in this study is likely to modify susceptibility to pathogens, alter wound healing, and may decrease available energy for growth and metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coy R St. Clair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Murray State University, Biology Building, Murray, KY
| | - Claire A Fuller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Murray State University, Biology Building, Murray, KY
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Baas J, Augustine S, Marques GM, Dorne JL. Dynamic energy budget models in ecological risk assessment: From principles to applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:249-260. [PMID: 29438934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In ecological risk assessment of chemicals, hazard identification and hazard characterisation are most often based on ecotoxicological tests and expressed as summary statistics such as No Observed Effect Concentrations or Lethal Concentration values and No Effect Concentrations. Considerable research is currently ongoing to further improve methodologies to take into account toxico kinetic aspects in toxicological assessments, extrapolations of toxic effects observed on individuals to population effects and combined effects of multiple chemicals effects. In this context, the principles of the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB), namely the conserved allocation of energy to different life-supporting processes in a wide variety of different species, have been applied successfully to the development of a number of DEB models. DEB models allow the incorporation of effects on growth, reproduction and survival within one consistent framework. This review aims to discuss the principles of the DEB theory together with available DEB models, databases available and applications in ecological risk assessment of chemicals for a wide range of species and taxa. Future perspectives are also discussed with particular emphasis on ongoing research efforts to develop DEB models as open source tools to further support the research and regulatory community to integrate quantitative biology in ecotoxicological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Baas
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Building Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.
| | - Starrlight Augustine
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Jean-Lou Dorne
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Scientific Committee and emerging Risks Unit, Parma, Italy
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Tran TT, Janssens L, Dinh KV, Stoks R. Transgenerational interactions between pesticide exposure and warming in a vector mosquito. Evol Appl 2018; 11:906-917. [PMID: 29928299 PMCID: PMC5999214 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While transgenerational plasticity may buffer ectotherms to warming and pesticides separately, it remains unknown how combined exposure to warming and pesticides in the parental generation shapes the vulnerability to these stressors in the offspring. We studied the transgenerational effects of single and combined exposure to warming (4°C increase) and the pesticide chlorpyrifos on life-history traits of the vector mosquito Culex pipiens. Parental exposure to a single stressor, either warming or the pesticide, had negative effects on the offspring: parental exposure to both warming and the pesticide resulted in an overall lower offspring survival, and a delayed offspring metamorphosis. Parental exposure to a single stressor did, however, not alter the vulnerability of the offspring to the same stressor in terms of survival. Parental pesticide exposure resulted in larger offspring when the offspring experienced the same stressor as the parents. Within both the parental and offspring generations, warming made the pesticide more toxic in terms of survival. Yet, this synergism disappeared in the offspring of parents exposed to both stressors simultaneously because in this condition, the pesticide was already more lethal at the lower temperature. Our results indicate that transgenerational effects will not increase the ability of this vector species to deal with pesticides in a warming world. Bifactorial transgenerational experiments are crucial to understand the combined impact of warming and pesticides across generations, hence to assess the efficacy of vector control in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T. Tran
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Institute of AquacultureNha Trang UniversityNha TrangVietnam
| | - Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Khuong V. Dinh
- Institute of AquacultureNha Trang UniversityNha TrangVietnam
- National Institute of Aquatic ResourcesTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Mansano AS, Moreira RA, Dornfeld HC, Diniz LGR, Vieira EM, Daam MA, Rocha O, Seleghim MHR. Acute and chronic toxicity of diuron and carbofuran to the neotropical cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:13335-13346. [PMID: 28004367 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to contribute to the increase of the body of knowledge on the sensitivity of tropical indigenous species to pesticides, acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted with the neotropical cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. Tests were carried out with the active ingredients diuron and carbofuran and one of their commercial formulations, the Diuron Nortox® 500 SC and the Furadan® 350 SC, respectively. For carbofuran, the active ingredient was more toxic than the commercial product, whereas for diuron, the commercial product appeared more toxic. In addition, hormetic effects on fertility were recorded for intermediate diuron concentrations. Acute and chronic toxicity data indicated that C. silvestrii was among the most sensitive invertebrate species for both test compounds. Based on concentrations measured in Brazilian water bodies, these compounds represent ecological risks for causing direct and indirect toxic effects on C. silvestrii and other aquatic organisms. Our results support previous claims on the advantages of using native species to better tune ecological risk assessment of chemicals in tropical ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrislaine S Mansano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Raquel A Moreira
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Hugo C Dornfeld
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Lia G R Diniz
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Eny M Vieira
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Michiel A Daam
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Odete Rocha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Mirna H R Seleghim
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
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A preliminary attempt to establish multiple stress response profiles of human skin fibroblasts exposed to mild or severe stress during ageing in vitro. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 170:92-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yu Z, Zhang J, Hou M. The time-dependent stimulation of sodium halide salts on redox reactants, energy supply and luminescence in Vibrio fischeri. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 342:429-435. [PMID: 28858708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The excess of halide ions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) can cause adverse effects. Earlier studies demonstrated time-dependent stimulations of organic salts with halide ions on photobacteria. Therefore, inorganic ones with halide ions (e.g., NaX, X=F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) were assumed to cause similar effects. In the present study, Vibrio fischeri was exposed to NaX. Results showed that the contents of favin mono-nucleotide (FMN), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) were stimulated by NaX with a time-dependent fashion. The maximum stimulations on FMN at 24h were 172%, 168%, 211% and 298% of the control (p<0.05) in NaF, NaCl, NaBr and NaI, respectively, with an order of NaF≈NaCl<NaBr<NaI. The maximum stimulations on NAD(P)H at 24h followed similar orders. Similar time-dependent stimulatory effects were observed in the FMN:NAD(P)H reaction catalyst (luciferase, in the form of expression levels of lux A and lux B), adenosine triphosphate and the expression levels of its regulating gene adk. The luminescent stimulations were significantly higher than the biochemical ones despite of similar time-dependence and stimulation order among NaX. The overall results showed a common hormetic pattern in sodium halide salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Ecological Technique and Engineering College, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China.
| | - Meifang Hou
- Ecological Technique and Engineering College, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China.
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Dei A. Hormesis and Homeopathy: Toward a New Self-Consciousness. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325817744451. [PMID: 29225559 PMCID: PMC5714091 DOI: 10.1177/1559325817744451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dei
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Beauvais-Flück R, Gimbert F, Méhault O, Cosio C. Trophic fate of inorganic and methyl-mercury in a macrophyte-chironomid food chain. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 338:140-147. [PMID: 28550790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary transfer of mercury (Hg) is central for its effects on higher trophic animals, nonetheless, its driving parameters and characteristics are not well understood. Here we measured Hg species transfer (uptake) from the macrophyte Elodea nuttallii -mimicking tissues incorporation in sediments after decay- to Chironomus riparius. Methyl-Hg (MMHg) was more transferable than inorganic Hg (IHg) from plant's intracellular and cell wall compartments. After 10-d-long exposure, MMHg was predominantly found in MMHg form in the cytosolic compartment (S) of chironomids, while IHg showed similar concentrations in S and insoluble debris (P) compartments. After cessation of Hg species exposure (depuration), only MMHg resulted in a bioaccumulation factor >1. Toxicokinetics modelling indicated a demethylation of MMHg in the S fraction and its concomitant storage in the P fraction as IHg during both uptake and depuration, revealing an elimination and detoxification mechanism. Our data support that MMHg is more transferable than IHg to sensitive subcellular targets as well as bioavailable fraction in chironomids, in line with field studies showing higher MMHg transfer than IHg in food webs. Hence our data point out macrophytes as a potential Hg source to benthic food webs to be considered for enhancing aquatic environment protection during phytoremediation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Beauvais-Flück
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 66 bd Carl-Vogt, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Frédéric Gimbert
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Ophélie Méhault
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 66 bd Carl-Vogt, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Cosio
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 66 bd Carl-Vogt, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Qu Y, Xiao D, Liu J, Chen Z, Song L, Desneux N, Benelli G, Gao X, Song D. Sublethal and hormesis effects of beta-cypermethrin on the biology, life table parameters and reproductive potential of soybean aphid Aphis glycines. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1002-1009. [PMID: 28685415 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Beta-cypermethrin has long been recommended as an effective pesticide to control the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, a serious pest in soybean crops. Besides acute toxicity, it leads to changes in life history traits of A. glycines, notably its reproductive potential. This study has assessed the effects of five sublethal concentrations (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 µg/L) of beta-cypermethrin on different life history traits of A. glycines. Exposure to these concentrations caused shorter oviposition period and reduced adult longevity. The strongest stimulatory effect on aphid reproduction was achieved when exposed to a higher sublethal beta-cypermethrin concentration (5 µg/L). Net reproduction rate (R 0 ), intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) and finite rate of increase (λ) were significantly higher than that of the control, increasing by 20.58, 4.89 and 2.06%, respectively. We found no significant difference in mean generation time (T) between the treatment of 5 µg/L beta-cypermethrin and the control. However, when the concentration increased to 10 µg/L, the reproduction behavior was restrained and the mean generation time (T) was shortened, resulting in significant decrease in R 0 and T by 16.58 and 3.83%, respectively. In conclusion, a sublethal concentration (5 µg/L) of beta-cypermethrin triggered the strongest hormesis on A.glycines, thus providing valuable knowledge on the sublethal effects of this insecticide on soybean aphids. Hormesis may be one of the mechanisms underlying pest resurgences, and better knowledge would enable a more effective use of insecticides in Integrated Pest Management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Qu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Da Xiao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Song
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Dunlun Song
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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Morgan MB, Edge SE, Venn AA, Jones RJ. Developing transcriptional profiles in Orbicella franksi exposed to copper: Characterizing responses associated with a spectrum of laboratory-controlled environmental conditions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 189:60-76. [PMID: 28599170 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Morgan
- Department of Biology, Berry College, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 2277 Martha Berry Hwy, Mount Berry, GA, 30149, USA.
| | - Sara E Edge
- Hawaii Pacific University, 45-045 Kamehameha Hwy, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Alexander A Venn
- Marine Biology Department et Laboratoire International Associé 647 "BIOSENSIB", Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC98000, Monaco
| | - Ross J Jones
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Perth, 6009, Australia
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Druart C, Gimbert F, Scheifler R, de Vaufleury A. A full life-cycle bioassay with Cantareus aspersus shows reproductive effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide suggesting potential endocrine disruption. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 226:240-249. [PMID: 28395863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A full life-cycle (240 days) bioassay using the terrestrial snail, Cantareus aspersus, allowing exposure during embryogenesis and/or the growth and reproduction phases, was used to assess the effects of Bypass®, a glyphosate-based herbicide (GlyBH), on a range of endpoints, including parameters under endocrine control. As a positive control, a mixture (R-A) made of diquat (Reglone®) and nonylphenols (NP, Agral®), known for its endocrine disrupting effects in other organisms, was tested. At environmental concentrations, both pesticides (R-A mixture and GlyBH) enhanced growth but reduced reproduction. The R-A mixture acted mainly on the fecundity through a delay in egg-laying of approximately 20 days and a strongly reduced number of clutches. This latter dysfunction may be caused by a permanent eversion of the penis, suggesting a disrupting effect at the neuro-endocrine level, which prevented normal mating. GlyBH acted on fertility, possibly due to a decrease in the fertilization of eggs laid by adults exposed during their embryonic development. These results, associated with the absence of observed effects on gonad histology of GlyBH exposed snails, suggested that the underlying mechanisms are neuro-endocrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Druart
- Department of Chrono-Environment, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6249 usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Frédéric Gimbert
- Department of Chrono-Environment, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6249 usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Renaud Scheifler
- Department of Chrono-Environment, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6249 usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Annette de Vaufleury
- Department of Chrono-Environment, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6249 usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
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Papanastasiou SA, Bali EMD, Ioannou CS, Papachristos DP, Zarpas KD, Papadopoulos NT. Toxic and hormetic-like effects of three components of citrus essential oils on adult Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177837. [PMID: 28520791 PMCID: PMC5433767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant essential oils (EOs) and a wide range of their individual components are involved in a variety of biological interactions with insect pests including stimulatory, deterrent, toxic and even hormetic effects. Both the beneficial and toxic properties of citrus EOs on the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) have been experimentally evidenced over the last years. However, no information is available regarding the toxic or beneficial effects of the major components of citrus EOs via contact with the adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly. In the present study, we explored the toxicity of limonene, linalool and α-pinene (3 of the main compounds of citrus EOs) against adult medflies and identified the effects of sub-lethal doses of limonene on fitness traits in a relaxed [full diet (yeast and sugar)] and in a stressful (sugar only) feeding environment. Our results demonstrate that all three compounds inferred high toxicity to adult medflies regardless of the diet, with males being more sensitive than females. Sub-lethal doses of limonene (LD20) enhanced the lifespan of adult medflies when they were deprived of protein. Fecundity was positively affected when females were exposed to limonene sub-lethal doses. Therefore, limonene, a major constituent of citrus EOs, induces high mortality at increased doses and positive effects on life history traits of medfly adults through contact at low sub-lethal doses. A hormetic-like effect of limonene to adult medflies and its possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella A. Papanastasiou
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnisia, Greece
| | - Eleftheria-Maria D. Bali
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnisia, Greece
| | - Charalampos S. Ioannou
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnisia, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Papachristos
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas D. Zarpas
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnisia, Greece
| | - Nikos T. Papadopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnisia, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Gimbert F, Perrier F, Caire AL, de Vaufleury A. Mercury toxicity to terrestrial snails in a partial life cycle experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3165-3175. [PMID: 26507730 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing concerns about the potential adverse effects of elevated mercury (Hg) concentrations in the terrestrial environment, only a few toxicity data are available for soil invertebrates. The chronic toxicity of inorganic Hg-Hg(II)--through food or soil contaminations was therefore assessed for the snail Cantareus aspersus, a well-recognized soil quality bioindicator. The 28-day EC50s (the concentrations causing 50% effect) for the snail growth were 600 and 5048 mg Hg kg(-1) for food and soil, respectively. A survey of growth over its entire duration (91 days) allowed to show that the effects took place rapidly after the beginning of exposure and persisted in the long term. Reproduction was also impaired, and we established 28-day EC50s for sexual maturation and fecundity of 831 and 339 mg Hg kg(-1), respectively, for food and 1719 and 53 mg Hg kg(-1), respectively, for soil. Total Hg analyses in snails exposed to contaminated matrices revealed important bioaccumulation capacities up to 2000 mg Hg kg(-1) viscera. Critical limits in internal Hg concentration of about 500 and 1000 mg Hg kg(-1) were determined as thresholds for the induction of growth toxicity through food and soil exposure, respectively. These different values underlined differences in the uptake and toxicological dynamics of Hg according to its bioavailability in the source of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gimbert
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environment, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Fanny Perrier
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC-OASU, Station Marine d'Arcachon, Université de Bordeaux, 2 Rue du Professeur Jolyet, 33120, Arcachon Cedex, France
| | - Ange-Lyne Caire
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environment, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Annette de Vaufleury
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environment, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
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Guedes RNC, Smagghe G, Stark JD, Desneux N. Pesticide-Induced Stress in Arthropod Pests for Optimized Integrated Pest Management Programs. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 61:43-62. [PMID: 26473315 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
More than six decades after the onset of wide-scale commercial use of synthetic pesticides and more than fifty years after Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, pesticides, particularly insecticides, arguably remain the most influential pest management tool around the globe. Nevertheless, pesticide use is still a controversial issue and is at the regulatory forefront in most countries. The older generation of insecticide groups has been largely replaced by a plethora of novel molecules that exhibit improved human and environmental safety profiles. However, the use of such compounds is guided by their short-term efficacy; the indirect and subtler effects on their target species, namely arthropod pest species, have been neglected. Curiously, comprehensive risk assessments have increasingly explored effects on nontarget species, contrasting with the majority of efforts focused on the target arthropod pest species. The present review mitigates this shortcoming by hierarchically exploring within an ecotoxicology framework applied to integrated pest management the myriad effects of insecticide use on arthropod pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil;
| | - G Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - J D Stark
- Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington 98371-4900;
| | - N Desneux
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France;
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Tyne W, Little S, Spurgeon DJ, Svendsen C. Hormesis depends upon the life-stage and duration of exposure: Examples for a pesticide and a nanomaterial. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:117-23. [PMID: 26057078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tests to assess toxic effects on the reproduction of adult C. elegans after 72h exposure for two chemicals, (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU)), also known as diuron, and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) indicated potential, although not significant hormesis. Follow up toxicity tests comparing the potential hormesis concentrations with controls at high replication confirmed that the stimulatory effect was repeatable and also statistically significant within the test. To understand the relevance of the hormesis effects for overall population fitness, full life-cycle toxicity tests were conducted for each chemical. When nematodes were exposed to DCMU over the full life-span, the hormesis effect for reproduction seen in short-term tests was no longer evident. Further at the putative hormesis concentrations, a negative effect of DCMU on time to maturation was also seen. For the Ag NPs, the EC50 for effects on reproduction in the life-cycle exposure was substantially lower than in the short-term test, the EC50s estimated by a three parameter log logistic model being 2.9mg/L and 0.75mg/L, respectively. This suggests that the level of toxicity for Ag NPs for C. elegans reproduction is dependant on the life stage exposed and possibly the duration of the exposure. Further, in the longer duration exposures, hormesis effects on reproduction seen in the short-term exposures were no longer apparent. Instead, all concentrations reduced both overall brood size and life-span. These results for both chemicals suggest that the hormesis observed for a single endpoint in short-term exposure may be the result of a temporary reallocation of resources between traits that are not sustained over the full life-time. Such reallocation is consistent with energy budget theories for organisms subject to toxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Tyne
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Simon Little
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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Qu Y, Xiao D, Li J, Chen Z, Biondi A, Desneux N, Gao X, Song D. Sublethal and hormesis effects of imidacloprid on the soybean aphid Aphis glycines. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:479-487. [PMID: 25492586 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a major pest in soybean crop. Current management of this pest relies mainly on insecticides applications, and the neonicotinoid imidacloprid has been proposed as an effective insecticide to control A. glycines in soybean field. Imidacloprid at lethal concentrations not only exerts acute toxicity to A. glycines, but also cause various biological changes when aphids are chronically exposed to lower concentrations. In this study, we assessed the effects of a low-lethal (0.20 mg L(-1)) and two sublethal (0.05 and 0.10 mg L(-1)) imidacloprid concentrations on various A. glycines life history traits. Aphid exposure to 0.20 mg L(-1) imidacloprid caused slower juvenile development, shorter reproductive period, and reduced adult longevity, fecundity and total lifespan. Stimulatory effects, i.e. hormesis, on reproduction and immature development duration were observed in aphids exposed to the lower sublethal imidacloprid concentrations. Consequently, the net reproduction rate (R 0) was significantly higher than in the control aphids. These findings stress the importance of the actual imidacloprid concentration in its toxicological properties on A. glycines. Therefore, our results would be useful for assessing the overall effects of imidacloprid on A. glycines and for optimizing integrated pest management programs targeting this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Qu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
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Affiliation(s)
- SV Jargin
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
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50
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Jargin SV. Hormesis and homeopathy: The artificial twins. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2014; 4:74-7. [PMID: 26401389 PMCID: PMC4566758 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20140929114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Homeopathy claims a curative reaction from small doses of a substance, high doses of which cause symptoms similar to those the patient is suffering from. Hormesis is a concept of biphasic dose-response to different pharmacological and toxicological agents. According to this concept, a small dose of a noxious agent can exert a beneficial action. A hypothesis is defended here that hormesis as a general principle can be assumed only for the factors present in the natural environment thus having induced adaptation of living organisms. Generalizations of the hormesis phenomenon used in support of homeopathy are unfounded. Low-dose impacts may be associated with a higher risk in a state of organ sub-compensation or failure especially in the elderly patients. Practical recommendations should be based neither on the hormesis as a default approach nor on the postulates of homeopathy. All clinically relevant effects, hormetic or not, should be tested by the methods of evidence-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Jargin
- Department of Public Health, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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