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Gajaje K, Ultra VU, Nwaefuna AE, Zhou N. Phytostabilization of fly ash from a coalmine in Botswana and biovalorisation of the recovered Napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1291-1304. [PMID: 38349237 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2313559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The disposal of fly ash (FA) from coal power plants polluting the air, soil, and groundwater is a major environmental concern. Phytoremediation to rehabilitate fly ash dumpsites is a promising alternative but has practical concerns about the disposal of harvested biomass. This study investigated the effect of supplementing fly ash with fresh sewage sludge (FSS), aged sewage sludge, food waste, and compost (COM) to enhance the phytoremediation potential of Napier grass and its subsequent utilization for ethanol production. The highest removal of Mn (1196.12 g ha-1) and Ni (128.06 g ha-1) from FA could be obtained when Napier is grown in the presence of FSS and inorganic fertilizer (NPK). In addition, the highest bioethanol yield (19.31 g L-1) was obtained from Napier grown in fly ash with COM + NPK, thus providing additional economic benefits aside from the remediation process. Given the significant levels of heavy metals present in the pulp and bio-slurry after ethanol production, further research is required in this area to determine the best ways to utilize this waste such as converting it into biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katumelo Gajaje
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Venecio U Ultra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Anita E Nwaefuna
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Nerve Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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Yadav S, Pandey VC, Singh L. Assessment of medicinal plants colonizing abundantly on metal-enriched fly ash deposits: phytoremediation prospective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1518-1525. [PMID: 38563239 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2331708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal-enriched fly ash (FA) deposits are recognized as hazardous contaminated sites on the earth, which pollute our ecosystems. Consequently, the present investigation was carried out to explore the phytoremediation potential of naturally growing medicinal plants in the FA dumpsite. This present study chose two native medicinal plants i.e., Bacopa monnieri and Acmella oleracea found to be naturally colonizing abundantly on FA dumpsite to assess heavy metal accumulation. FA sample of B. monnieri thriving sites found to have metal content in order Mn (216.6)> Cr (39.27)> Zn (20.8)> Ni (16.1)> Cu (15.03)> Co (6.7)> Pb (5.43) whereas for A. oleracea FA dumpsites, the order of metal availability was Mn (750.3)> B (54.5)>Cr (37.2)>Zn (31.33)> Cu (18.7)> Ni (16.93)> Co (7.7)>Pb (4.23). In B. monnieri, higher concentrations of Cr and Mn were observed in the shoot in comparison to the root, indicative of its potential as a hyperaccumulator plant. Conversely, in A. oleracea, greater amounts of Pb were detected in the shoot relative to the root. Hence, it is recommended that B. monnieri and A. oleracea grow on such heavy metal-enriched substrates should be avoided for medicinal purposes; however, these plants can be used for phytoremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vimal Chandra Pandey
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Lal Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Wagale M, Dandin S, Bokil S, Sathe S. Potential use of fly ash in structural fill application: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:90-108. [PMID: 38036910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Globally, over the years, fly ash (FA) has been successfully used in structural fills as a substitute for conventional infill material. As per the global industry trends and forecast report, the utilization rate of FA in 2021 was 74% in China, 65% in India, and 70% in the United States (US). Despite substantial research being done on the usage of FA as a substitute all over the world, only up to 15% by mass of total produce has been utilized as a replacement for infill soils. This indicates that there is a lot of potential for increased usage. From the view point of increasing the utilization rate, the present study focuses on summarizing the geotechnical properties of FA by taking strength characteristics into account as compared to conventional infill material. Moreover, this review underlines the chemical composition, index, and engineering properties. Firstly, it reviews the current state of the application of FA in structural fills by considering 141 articles that have been published since 2004 to till date. Secondly, it emphasizes the limited literature available on structural fill applications of FA. It also recommends the classification of FA besides the existing ASTM codes. Moreover, considering future research, this review also highlights the gaps in the previous studies, such as the need for amendments in existing standard codes for FA utilization as structural fill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makrand Wagale
- Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India.
| | - Shahbaz Dandin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Shantini Bokil
- Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Sandeep Sathe
- Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
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Pouyamanesh S, Kowsari E, Ramakrishna S, Chinnappan A. A review of various strategies in e-waste management in line with circular economics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93462-93490. [PMID: 37572248 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Waste management of electrical and electronic equipment has become a key challenge for electronics manufacturers due to globalization and the rapid expansion of information technology. As the volume of e-waste grows, legal departments lack the infrastructure, technology, and ability to collect and manage it environmentally soundly. Government laws, economic reasons, and social issues are important considerations in e-waste management. The circular economy concept is built on reusing and recycling goods and resources. A novel idea called the circular economy might prevent the negative consequences brought on by the exploitation and processing of natural resources while also having good effects such as lowering the demand for raw materials, cutting down on the use of fundamental resources, and creating jobs. To demonstrate the significance of policy implementation, the necessity for technology, and the need for societal awareness to build a sustainable and circular economy, the study intends to showcase international best practices in e-waste management. This study uses circular economy participatory implementation methods to provide a variety of possible approaches to assist decision-makers in e-waste management. The purpose of this article is to review the most accepted methods for e-waste management to emphasize the importance of implementing policies, technology requirements, and social awareness in creating a circular economy. To conclude, this paper highlights the necessity of a common legal framework, reform of the informal sector, the responsibility of different stakeholders, and entrepreneurial perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Pouyamanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | - Elaheh Kowsari
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Amutha Chinnappan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
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Singh AK, Zhu X, Chen C, Yang B, Pandey VC, Liu W, Singh N. Investigating the recovery in ecosystem functions and multifunctionality after 10 years of natural revegetation on fly ash technosol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162598. [PMID: 36882140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Technogenic soil (technosol) developed from coal fly ash (FA) landfilling has been considered a critical environmental problem worldwide. Drought-tolerant plants often naturally grow on FA technosol. However, the impact of these natural revegetations on the recovery of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality) remains largely unexplored and poorly understood. Here we assessed the response of multifunctionality, including nutrient cycling (i.e., carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), carbon storage, glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), plant productivity, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial processes (soil enzyme activities), and soil chemical properties (pH and electrical conductivity; EC) to FA technosol ten years' natural revegetation with different multipurpose species in Indo-Gangetic plain, and identified the key factors regulating ecosystem multifunctionality during reclamation. We evaluated four dominant revegetated species: Prosopis juliflora, Saccharum spontaneum, Ipomoea carnea, and Cynodon dactylon. We found that natural revegetation initiated the recovery of ecosystem multifunctionality on technosol, with greater recovery under higher biomass-producing species (P. juliflora and S. spontaneum) than lower biomass-producing ones (I. carnea and C. dactylon). The individual functions (11 of the total 16 variables) at higher functionality (70 % threshold) also exhibited this pattern among revegetated stands. Multivariate analyses revealed that most of the variables (except EC) significantly correlated with multifunctionality, indicating the capability of multifunctionality to consider the tradeoff between individual functions. We further performed structural equation modeling (SEM) to detect the effect of vegetation, pH, nutrients, and microbial activity (MBC and microbial processes) on ecosystem multifunctionality. Our SEM model predicted 98 % of the variation in multifunctionality and confirmed that the indirect effect of vegetation mediated by microbial activity is more important for multifunctionality than their direct effect. Collectively, our results demonstrate that FA technosol revegetation with high biomass-producing multipurpose species promotes ecosystem multifunctionality and emphasizes the significance of microbial activity in the recovery and maintenance of ecosystem attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar Singh
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China; Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India.
| | - Xiai Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Chunfeng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Bin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Vimal Chandra Pandey
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India.
| | - Wenjie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Nandita Singh
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
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Suitability of Selected Plant Species for Phytoremediation: A Case Study of a Coal Combustion Ash Landfill. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coal bottom and fly ash waste continue to be generated as a result of energy production from coal in the amount of about 750 million tonnes a year globally. Coal is the main source of energy in Poland, and about 338 million tonnes of combustion waste has already been landfilled. The aim of the research was to identify factors determining the Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu phytostabilisation by vegetation growing on a coal combustion waste landfill. Soil and shoots of the following plants were analysed: wood small-reed, European goldenrod, common reed; silver birch, black locust, European aspen and common oak. The influence of the location where the plants grew and the influence of the interaction between the two factors (species and location) were significant. The tree species were more effective at accumulating heavy metals than the herbaceous plants. European aspen had the highest Bioaccumulation Factor (BCF) for cadmium and zinc. A high capacity to accumulate these elements was also demonstrated by silver birch, and in the case of cadmium, by common oak. Accumulation of both lead and copper was low in all plants. The Translocation Factors (TF) indicated that the heavy metals were accumulated mainly in the roots. European aspen, silver birch and European goldenrod were shown to be most suitable for stabilization of the metals analysed in the research.
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Ullah Qadir S, Raja V, Siddiqui WA, Shah T, Alansi S, El-Sheikh MA. Ascorbate glutathione antioxidant system alleviates fly ash stress by modulating growth physiology and biochemical responses in Solanum lycopersicum. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1322-1336. [PMID: 35280552 PMCID: PMC8913553 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were developed in soils with different fly ash (FA) amendments (25, 50, 75, 100% FA) to measure the effects of FA on metal accumulation, chlorophyll pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, growth, biomass, gas exchange parameters, and the ascorbate glutathione pathway (AsA-GSH). The metal concentration was much higher in FA compared to the garden soil/(control). The observed metal translocation was higher in roots than shoots. Plants raised in soils treated with 50% or more FA showed significant decreases in growth, biomass, gas exchange parameters, protein, chlorophyll pigments, and fluorescence parameters. Additionally, a significant increase in antioxidants under higher FA-amended soils were observed. Our results showed that the ability of Solanum lycopersicum plants to effectively synchronize the actions of antioxidant enzymes associated in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging - notably superoxidase dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) - with good maintenance of the AsA/DHA ratio, that could be connected to FA stress tolerance. The toxic metals present in FA caused oxidative stress in Solanum lycopersicum, as evident from the increase in electrolyte leakage (EL), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and ROS levels. Furthermore, the AsA-GSH cycle plays a key role in alleviating oxidative damage caused by FA application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ullah Qadir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Govt. Degree College for Women, Pulwama, Kashmir 192301, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Vaseem Raja
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College Shopian, Kashmir 192303, India
| | - Weqar A. Siddiqui
- Analytical Research Lab Faculty of Engineering and Technology Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Tariq Shah
- Department of Agroecology, Universite de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Saleh Alansi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sun H, Zhang J, Wang R, Li Z, Sun S, Qin G, Song Y. Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Enzyme Activity in Copper and Coal Mining Areas. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 68:366-376. [PMID: 34313823 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mining areas are suffering from serious environmental hazards, such as soil erosion, water pollution as well as land degradation. In this study, two types of mining areas in Anhui Province, China-one a copper mining area and the other a coal mining area-were selected to compare the soil properties under different vegetation restoration conditions, which can be generally classified into reclaimed and non-reclaimed areas. Soil catalase and urease activities and soil chemical properties were chosen to be the main indicators of soil quality. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the overall soil fertility in the copper and coal mining areas. Results showed that in the copper mining area soil catalase activity was between 12.36 and 19.17 μg g-1 h-1 and urease activity was between 0.03 and 12.05 μg g-1 h-1. And in coal mining area, soil catalase activity was between 3.52 and 9.72 μg g-1 h-1 and urease activity was between 2.71 and 10.81 μg g-1 h-1. Moreover, soil catalase and urease activities in degraded areas were lower than those in reclaimed areas. Soil catalase activity and soil urease activity were significantly correlated with total potassium and total nitrogen, respectively. Soil quality in land types with vegetation restoration was higher than in non-reclaimed areas and old subsidence areas, while soil quality in the copper mining area was generally higher than in the coal mining area. Thus, the optimum measure in this region to ameliorate these degraded soils is vegetation restoration, which helps not only to improve the environment, but also to enhance soil quality in these degraded lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, China
- Forestry Academy of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, China.
| | - Rongjia Wang
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, China
| | - Zongtai Li
- Forestry Academy of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shiyong Sun
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, China
| | - Guanghua Qin
- Forestry Academy of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yumin Song
- Forestry Academy of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
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Gajaje K, Ultra VU, David PW, Rantong G. Rhizosphere properties and heavy metal accumulation of plants growing in the fly ash dumpsite, Morupule power plant, Botswana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:20637-20649. [PMID: 33405121 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Discarding fly ash from a coal power plant into a dumpsite does not only contribute to deforestation and loss of productive land but also leads to contamination of air, soil, and groundwater. Therefore, fly ash should be managed properly to avoid the migration of contaminants. One management option is phytoremediation using adapted plants and as a prerequisite, there is a need to identify suitable plants that can be used for revegetation of fly ash dumpsites. To identify prospective plants, a survey was carried out by assessing the plants growing in Morupule B fly ash dumpsite based on their ability to accumulate heavy metals and their bioconcentration (BAF) and translocation factors (TF). Of the twenty-two-plant species growing in the fly ash dumpsite of Morupule B power plant station, N. glauca is a potential phytoextraction agent for Cu (TFCu = 1.02; BAFCu = 2.16) and Pb (TFPb = 1.38; BAFPb = 1.65); P. burchellii for Pb (TFPb = 1.61, BAFPb = 0.9) and Zn (TFZn = 1.35; BAFZn = 5.74); I. pes-tigridis for Pb (TFPb = 1.35; BAFPb = 1.56) and Zn (TFZn = 1.62; BAFZn = 7.43); A. pungens for Cr (TFCr = 1.22; BAFCr = 0.11), Cu (TFCu = 2.18; BAFCu = 1.14), and Zn (TFZn = 1.04; BAFZn = 1.44); E. hirta for Zn (TFZn = 1.54, BAFZn = 2.44); A. spinosus for Pb (TFPb = 1.29; BAFPb = 1.55); C. dactylon for Cu (TFCu = 1.86; BAFCu = 1.07) and Zn (TFZn = 1.00; BAFZn = 2.46); and D. aegyptium for Pb (TFPb = 1.19; BAFPb = 2.57). Other plants growing in the fly ash dumpsite are potential candidates for phytostabilization as they can tolerate a high concentration of metals and low essential nutrients. Also, different plant groups variably modified the pH, EC, OM, and exchangeable fractions of metals in the rhizosphere wherein grasses can increase the OM at higher rates, and it has a higher capacity to acidify and solubilize heavy metals in the rhizosphere leading to higher EC and available metals compared to other plant groups. Overall, the information presented is useful in identifying plants or their combinations for the phytoremediation of fly ash and other heavy metal-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katumelo Gajaje
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Venecio U Ultra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana.
| | - Pearl Wathuto David
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Gaolathe Rantong
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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Bech J. Special Issue on "Metallophytes for soil remediation" - Preface. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1319-1325. [PMID: 33683534 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Bech
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Gamrat R, Stankowski S, Jaroszewska A. Morphological Features of Plants on Ash Settling Ponds. Case Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10040616. [PMID: 33804949 PMCID: PMC8063945 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to variable water conditions, chemical conditions of water or ash substrate, ash settling ponds belong to anthropogenic objects which do not easily undergo plant succession. However, there are plants exhibiting biological traits allowing colonisation of a substrate characterised by variability in terms of acidity and heavy metal content. The aim of the study was to determine differences in morphology of plants colonising spontaneous surfaces of ash settling ponds with variability moisture level. We identified also differences in morphology of the plants. Identified: Agrostis stolonifera, Atriplex patula, Juncus bufonius, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis and Ranunculus sceleratus. The obtained results broaden the knowledge on the bioremediation of degraded areas, indicate species that inhabit the surface of ash settlers. Lower water level in ash settling pond I created more favourable conditions for growth of the aboveground parts of plants, and higher waterlevel in ash settling pond II contributed to a more intensive development of the root part of plants. Considering the generative factors and measurement values of the aboveground part of plants, the best adapted species were Juncus bufonius and Atriplex patula. Due to changing water level in ash settling ponds, the species to be monitored is Phragmites australis-most deeply colonising the surface of ash settling ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gamrat
- Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Słowackiego 17 Street, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Stankowski
- Department of Agroengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pawła VI Street, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Anna Jaroszewska
- Department of Agroengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pawła VI Street, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-449-6292
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Kalashnikova IV, Migalina SV, Ronzhina DA, Ivanov LA, Ivanova LA. Functional response of Betula species to edaphic and nutrient stress during restoration of fly ash deposits in the Middle Urals (Russia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12714-12724. [PMID: 33094459 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the impact of fly ash produced by the thermal power station in the Middle Urals (Russia) on functional traits of two Betula species naturally colonizing ash dump lagoons. The main limiting factors for tree growth on fly ash deposits were nitrogen deficiency, high alkalinity, and unfavorable mechanical composition of substrate. Leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf mass ratio (LMR) per tree, leaf area (LA), leaf shape coefficient (LSh), leaf thickness (LT), leaf mass per area (LMA), photosynthesis (Amax) and transpiration rates, chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoid (Car), and nitrogen (N) content were measured in Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrh. growing on the ash dump and in the forest near the dump. Both Betula species showed similar functional response to adverse conditions of the fly ash. We found a 1.5-2-fold increase in LAR and LMR in trees growing on fly ash deposits compared with trees in the forest. In both species, the most significant differences across leaf morphological traits were shown for LT. Higher LT provided an increase in Chl and N content per leaf area that caused the rise in Amax and photosynthetic water use efficiency in the trees on the ash deposit. At the same time, Betula species preserved interspecific differences in values of LA and LT which were larger in B. pubescens whiles B. pendula differed by higher LSh. We concluded that the increase in assimilation activity at both whole-plant and leaf levels provides plant adjustment to edaphic and nutrient stress that allow Betula species to colonize technogenic substrates as fly ash deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Kalashnikova
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 202a 8Marta St, 620144, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Migalina
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 202a 8Marta St, 620144, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, 6 Volodarskogo St, Tyumen, Russia, 625003
| | - Dina A Ronzhina
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 202a 8Marta St, 620144, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, 6 Volodarskogo St, Tyumen, Russia, 625003
| | - Leonid A Ivanov
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 202a 8Marta St, 620144, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, 6 Volodarskogo St, Tyumen, Russia, 625003
| | - Larissa A Ivanova
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 202a 8Marta St, 620144, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Tyumen State University, 6 Volodarskogo St, Tyumen, Russia, 625003.
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Kumar R, Thangaraju MM, Kumar M, Thul ST, Pandey VC, Yadav S, Singh L, Kumar S. Ecological restoration of coal fly ash-dumped area through bamboo plantation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12995-7. [PMID: 33641101 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study entails the phytoremediation potential of different bamboo species on 5-year-old FA-dumped site near Koradi thermal power plant of Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. The selected FA-dumped site was treated with farmyard manure, press mud, and bio fertilizer followed by plantation of six promising species of bamboo namely Bambusa balcooa Roxb., Dendrocalamus stocksii (Munro.) M. Kumar, Remesh and Unnikrishnan, Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss, Bambusa wamin E.G. Camus, Bambusa vulgaris var. striata (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Gamble, and Bambusa vulgaris var. vittata Riviere and Riviere. The experimental results indicated that the organic input in the FA-dumped site nourished the soil by improving its physico-chemical, and biological characteristics. The results revealed the contamination of the site with different trace elements in varied quantity including Cr (89.29 mg kg-1), Zn (84.77 mg kg-1), Ni (28.84 mg kg-1), Cu (22.91 mg kg-1), Li (19.65 mg kg-1), Pb (13.47 mg kg-1), and Cd (2.35 mg kg-1). A drastic reduction in concentration of heavy metals in FA was observed after 1 year of bamboo plantation as compared to the initial condition. The results showed that bamboo species are good excluders of Ba, Co, Cr, Li, Ni, Mn, and Zn, whereas they are good accumulators of Cd, Pb, and Cu. The values of biochemical parameters, such as pH, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid (AA), and relative water content of all the bamboo leaves ranged from 5.11-5.70, 1.56-6.33 mg g-1, 0.16-0.19 mg g-1, and 60.23-76.68%, respectively. It is thereby concluded that the bamboo plantation with biofertilizers and organic amendments may indicate adaptive response to environmental pollution on FA-dumped site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835 205, India
| | - Mohan Manu Thangaraju
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440 020, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835 205, India
| | - Sanjog Tarachand Thul
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440 020, India
| | - Vimal Chandra Pandey
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Swati Yadav
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440 020, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440 020, India.
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440 020, India.
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