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Yu HY, Xu Y, Wang Q, Hu M, Zhang X, Liu T. Controlling factors of iron plaque formation and its adsorption of cadmium and arsenic throughout the entire life cycle of rice plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176106. [PMID: 39260486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) plaque, which forms on the surface of rice roots, plays a crucial role in immobilizing heavy metal(loids), thus reducing their accumulation in rice plants. However, the principal factors influencing Fe plaque formation and its adsorption capacity for heavy metal(loid)s throughout the rice plant's lifecycle remain poorly understood. Thus, this study investigated the dynamics of Fe plaque formation and its ability to adsorb cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) across different growth stages, aiming to identify the key drivers behind these processes. The findings reveal that the rate of radial oxygen loss (ROL) and the abundance of plaque-associated microbes are the primary drivers of Fe plaque formation, with their relative importance ranging from 1.4% to 81%. Similarly, the adsorption of As by Fe plaque is principally determined by the rate of ROL and the quantity of Fe plaque, with subsequent effects from the total Fe in rhizospheric soil, arsenate-reducing bacteria, and organic matter-degrading bacteria. The relative importance of these factors ranges from 6.0% to 11.7%. By contrast, the adsorption of Cd onto Fe plaque is primarily affected by competition for adsorption sites with ammonium in soils and the presence of organic matter-degrading bacteria, contributing 25.5% and 23.5% to the adsorption process, respectively. These findings provide significant insights into the development of Fe plaque and its absorption of heavy metal(loid)s throughout the lifecycle of rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yun Yu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Yafei Xu
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730099, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Min Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430081, China
| | - Tongxu Liu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Wang Y, Wang K, Liang T, Wang T, Liu J, Chen X, Xu C, Cao W, Fan H. Milk vetch returning combined with lime materials alleviates soil cadmium contamination and improves rice quality in soil-rice system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175770. [PMID: 39182782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) returning and lime materials is employed as an effective strategy for remediating cadmium (Cd)-contaminated paddy fields. However, the combined effects of them on alleviating Cd pollution and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly explored. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of these combined treatments on soil properties, iron oxides, iron plaque, mineral elements, and amino acids through a field experiment. The following treatments were employed: lime (LM), limestone (LS), milk vetch (MV), MV + LM (MVLM), and MV + LS (MVLS), and a control (CK) group with no materials. Results demonstrated that treatments significantly decreased soil available Cd by 19.40-32.55 %, 10.20-39.58 %, and 25.36-40.66 % at tillering, filling, and maturing stages compared to CK, respectively. Moreover, exchangeable Cd was transformed into more stable fractions. Compared with individual treatments, MVLM and MVLS treatments further decreased available Cd and exchangeable Cd. Overall, Cd in brown rice was reduced by 18.97-77.39 % compared with CK. And the Cd in iron plaque decreased by 14.12-31.14 %, 24.65-61.60 %, 2.6-38.28 % across three stages. Furthermore, soil pH, dissolved organic carbon, and cation exchange capacity increased, along with 0.22-62.09 % and 0.57-10.66 % increases in free and amorphous iron oxide contents at all stages, respectively. Compared with lime alone, the integration of MV returning facilitated increased formation of Fed, Feo and enhanced the antagonistic effect among grain Ca with Cd; Additionally, it increased AAs in brown rice, improving rice quality and potentially reducing Cd transport. Mantel tests and Partial least squares path modeling revealed a significant positive correlation between Cd in IP and rice Cd uptake and a significant negative correlation between available Cd, Fed and Feo. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms involved in mitigating soil Cd bioavailability using integrated approaches with MV returning and lime materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianshu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Xiaofen Chen
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Changxu Xu
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Weidong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Arinzechi C, Dong C, Huang P, Zhao P, Liao Q, Li Q, Yang Z. Synergistic mitigation of cadmium stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through combined selenium, calcium, and magnesium supplementation. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:435. [PMID: 39316186 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Rice is susceptible to cadmium (Cd) accumulation, which poses a threat to human health. Traditional methods for mitigating moderately contaminated soils can be impractical or prohibitively expensive, necessitating innovative approaches to reduce Cd uptake in rice. Nutrient management has emerged as a promising solution by leveraging the antagonistic interactions between nutrients and cadmium. However, the research on the synergistic effects of multiple nutrients on Cd toxicity in rice is limited. To address this limitation, pot experiments was utilized to investigate the combined effects of selenium (Se), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) denoted as (SeCM) on Cd uptake and translocation in rice. The synergistic application of SeCM reduced grain Cd levels by 55.0%, surpassing the individual effects of Se (42.1%) and CM (40.5%), and bringing Cd content below the safe consumption limits. SeCM treatment exhibited multiple beneficial effects: it decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, enhanced catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione (GSH) enzyme activities, limited Cd translocation from roots to shoots, promoted iron plaque formation, and reduced Cd transfer from soil to iron plaque and subsequently to rice grains. Correlation analysis revealed strong negative relationships between rice Cd content, Cd translocation factors, and the translocation factors of selenium, calcium, and magnesium. These findings suggest that selenium, calcium, and magnesium collaboratively mitigate Cd toxicity through antagonistic and competitive interactions. These nutrients enhance the uptake of beneficial elements, while competitively inhibiting the translocation and accumulation of Cd in rice plants. SeCM application offers a promising strategy for producing nutrient-rich, and Cd-safe rice in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuma Arinzechi
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Dong
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Peicheng Huang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengwei Zhao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhu Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
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Gu JF, Yi XT, Ouyang K, Li Q, You P, Zhou R, Zeng P, Liao Y, Zhou H. Rich-silicon rice husk ash increases iron plaque formation and decreases cadmium and arsenic accumulation in rice seedlings. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143239. [PMID: 39236928 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Combined Cd (cadmium) and As (arsenic) pollution in cultivated land affects the safety of crops production and endangers human health. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a crop that uptakes Si (silicon), and Si can effectively promote rice growth and mitigate heavy metal toxicity. This study examined the effect and mechanism of Si-rich amendment (HA) prepared by aerobic combustion of rice husk on Cd and As accumulation in iron plaque and rice seedlings via hydroponic experiments. HA enhanced the vitality of rice growth because of its Si content and increased the amount of amorphous fraction iron plaques, furthermore, Cd content was decreased while the As was increased in both amorphous fraction and crystalline fraction iron plaques, resulting in the contents of Cd and As decreases by 10.0%-38.3% and 9.6%-42.8% for the shoots, and by 13.4%-45.2% and 9.9%-20.0% for the roots, respectively. In addition, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy illustrated significantly more Fe2O, MnO2 and MnO in the iron plaque after HA supply and the simultaneous existence of Mn-As and Mn-Si compounds. This result revealed less Cd from iron plaque and more As retention with HA supply, reducing the amount of Cd and As up taking and accumulation by rice seedlings. HA is beneficial to rice growth and reduce the absorption of heavy metals in plants. At the same time, HA is environmentally friendly, it can be used for the remediation of paddy fields contaminated by Cd and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Feng Gu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Changsha, Changsha, 410100, China; Hunan Provincial Soil Pollution Remediation and Carbon Fixation Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Xuan-Tao Yi
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Kun Ouyang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650504, China; Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Changsha, Changsha, 410100, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Changsha, Changsha, 410100, China.
| | - Ping You
- Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Changsha, Changsha, 410100, China.
| | - Rui Zhou
- Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Changsha, Changsha, 410100, China.
| | - Peng Zeng
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Hunan Provincial Soil Pollution Remediation and Carbon Fixation Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Ye Liao
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Hunan Provincial Soil Pollution Remediation and Carbon Fixation Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Hunan Provincial Soil Pollution Remediation and Carbon Fixation Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, 410004, China.
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Li D, He Z, Chen S, Chen J, Ding Z, Luo J, Li Z, Hu Y. Alleviation of cadmium uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by iron plaque on the root surface generated by Providencia manganoxydans via Fe(II) oxidation. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:387. [PMID: 39196357 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Iron plaque is believed to be effective in reducing the accumulation of heavy metals in rice. In this work, a known soil-derived Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterium, LLDRA6, which represents the type strain of Providencia manganoxydans, was employed to investigate the feasibility of decreasing cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice by promoting the formation of iron plaque on the root surface. Firstly, the Fe(II) oxidation ability of LLDRA6 was evaluated using various techniques including Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, phenanthroline photometry, and FeS gel-stabilized gradient assays. Subsequently, the formation of iron plaque on the root surface by LLDRA6 was investigated under hydroponic and pot conditions. Finally, Cd concentrations were examined in rice with and without iron plaque through pot and paddy-field tests. The results showed that LLDRA6 played an efficient role in the formation of iron plaque on seedling roots under hydroponic conditions, generating 44.87 and 36.72 g kg- 1 of iron plaque on the roots of Huazhan and TP309, respectively. In pot experiments, LLDRA6 produced iron plaque exclusively in the presence of Fe(II). Otherwise, it solely generated biofilm on the root surface. Together with Fe(II), LLDRA6 effectively reduced the concentrations of Cd in Huazhan roots, straws and grains by 25%, 46% and 44%, respectively. This combination also demonstrated a significant decrease in the Cd concentrations of TP309 roots, straws and grains by 20%, 52% and 44%, respectively. The data from the Cd translocation factor indicate that obstruction of Cd translocation by iron plaque predominantly occurred during the root-to-straw stage. In paddy-field tests, the Cd concentrations of grains harvested from the combination treatment of LLDRA6 and Fe(II) exhibited a decline ranging from 40 to 53%, which fell below the maximum acceptable value for Cd in rice grains (0.2 mg kg- 1) as per the China national standard for food security (GB2762-2017). Meanwhile, the relevant phenotypic traits regarding the yield were not adversely affected. These findings have demonstrated that LLDRA6 can impede the uptake of Cd by rice in Cd-contaminated soils through the formation of iron plaque on roots, thus providing a promising safe Cd-barrier for rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China.
- Zhuzhou City Joint Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Plant Resources Utilization, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China.
| | - Zeping He
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Sha Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
- Zhuzhou City Joint Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Plant Resources Utilization, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Jinyuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Zhexu Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Zongpei Li
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Yuanyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice in Sanya, Sanya, 572000, China.
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Duan X, Liu L, Lu T, Wang S, Wang C, Qiu G. Mechanism for Fe(III) to decrease cadmium uptake of wheat plant: Rhizosphere passivation, competitive absorption and physiological regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172907. [PMID: 38703846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The presence of dissolved Fe(III) and Fe(III)-containing minerals has been found to alleviate cadmium (Cd) accumulation in wheat plants grown in Cd-contaminated soils, but the specific mechanism remains elusive. In this work, hydroponic experiments were conducted to dissect the mechanism for dissolved Fe(III) (0-2000 μmol L-1) to decrease Cd uptake of wheat plants and study the influence of Fe(III) concentration and Cd(II) pollution level (0-20 μmol L-1) on the Cd uptake process. The results indicated that dissolved Fe(III) significantly decreased Cd uptake through rhizosphere passivation, competitive absorption, and physiological regulation. The formation of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxides facilitated the adsorption and immobilization of Cd(II) on the rhizoplane (over 80.4 %). In wheat rhizosphere, the content of CaCl2-extractable Cd decreased by 52.7 % when Fe(III) concentration was controlled at 2000 μmol L-1, and the presence of Fe(III) may reduce the formation of Cd(II)-organic acid complexes (including malic acid and succinic acid secreted by wheat roots), which could be attributed to competitive reactions. Down-regulation of Cd uptake genes (TaNramp5-a and TaNramp5-b) and transport genes (TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMA2), along with up-regulation of the Cd efflux gene TaPDR8-4A7A, contributed much to the reduction of Cd accumulation in wheat plants in the presence of Fe(III). The inhibitory effect of Fe(III) on Cd uptake and transport in wheat plants declined with increasing Cd(II) concentration, particularly at 20 μmol L-1. This work provides important implications for remediating Cd-contaminated farmland soil and ensuring the safe production of wheat by using dissolved Fe(III) and Fe(III)-containing minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Duan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sheliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agriculture Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agriculture Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Yang Y, Peng H, Deng K, Shi Y, Wei W, Liu S, Li C, Zhu J, Dai Y, Song M, Ji X. Rice rhizospheric effects and mechanism on soil cadmium bioavailability during silicon application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172702. [PMID: 38657810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Exogenous Si mitigates the mobility and bioavailability of Cd in the soil, thereby alleviating its phytotoxicity. This study focused on specific Si-induced immobilisation effects within the rhizosphere (S1), near-rhizosphere (S2), and far-rhizosphere (S3) zones. Based on the rhizobox experiment, we found that applying Si significantly elevated soil pH, and the variation amplitudes in the S3 soil exceeded those in the S1 and S2 soils. Si-induced changes in the rhizosphere also included enhanced dissolved organic carbon and diminished soil Eh, particularly in the Si400 treatment. Meanwhile, the introduction of Si greatly enhanced the Fe2+ and Mn2+ concentrations in the S1 soil, but reduced them in the S2 soil. The rhizosphere effect of Si which enriched Fe2+ and Mn2+ subsequently promoted the formation of Fe and Mn oxides/hydro-oxides near the rice roots. Consequently, the addition of Si significantly reduced the available Cd concentrations in S1, surpassing the reductions in S2 and S3. Moreover, Si-treated rice exhibited increased Fe plaque generation and fixation on soil Cd, resulting in decreased Cd concentrations in rice tissues, accompanied by reduced Cd translocation from roots to shoots and shoots to grains. Structural equation modelling further highlighted that Si is essential in Cd availability in S1 and Fe plaque development, ultimately mitigating Cd accumulation in rice. Si-treated rice also exhibited higher biomass and grain yield than those of control groups. These findings provide valuable insights into Si-based strategies for addressing the Cd contamination of agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Middle Reach Plain of Yangtze River, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Middle Reach Plain of Yangtze River, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Kai Deng
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Middle Reach Plain of Yangtze River, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yu Shi
- Xiangxi Station of Soil and Fertilizer, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Middle Reach Plain of Yangtze River, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Saihua Liu
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Middle Reach Plain of Yangtze River, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Changjun Li
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Middle Reach Plain of Yangtze River, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Middle Reach Plain of Yangtze River, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yanjiao Dai
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Middle Reach Plain of Yangtze River, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Min Song
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Middle Reach Plain of Yangtze River, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xionghui Ji
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Middle Reach Plain of Yangtze River, Changsha 410125, China; Key Lab of Prevention, Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
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8
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He Z, Chen J, Yuan S, Chen S, Hu Y, Zheng Y, Li D. Iron Plaque: A Shield against Soil Contamination and Key to Sustainable Agriculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1476. [PMID: 38891285 PMCID: PMC11174575 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Soils play a dominant role in supporting the survival and growth of crops and they are also extremely important for human health and food safety. At present, the contamination of soil by heavy metals remains a globally concerning environmental issue that needs to be resolved. In the environment, iron plaque, naturally occurring on the root surface of wetland plants, is found to be equipped with an excellent ability at blocking the migration of heavy metals from soils to plants, which can be further developed as an environmentally friendly strategy for soil remediation to ensure food security. Because of its large surface-to-volume porous structure, iron plaque exhibits high binding affinity to heavy metals. Moreover, iron plaque can be seen as a reservoir to store nutrients to support the growth of plants. In this review, the formation process of iron plaque, the ecological role that iron plaque plays in the environment and the interaction between iron plaque, plants and microbes, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping He
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Z.H.); (S.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jinyuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Z.H.); (S.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shilin Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Z.H.); (S.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sha Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Z.H.); (S.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.)
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lily Germplasm Resource Innovation and Deep Processing, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Zhuzhou City Joint Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Plant Resources Utilization, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yuanyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China;
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice in Sanya, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Z.H.); (S.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ding Li
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Z.H.); (S.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.)
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lily Germplasm Resource Innovation and Deep Processing, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Zhuzhou City Joint Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Plant Resources Utilization, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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9
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Li Q, Chang J, Li L, Lin X, Li Y. Soil amendments alter cadmium distribution and bacterial community structure in paddy soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171399. [PMID: 38458464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Soil amendments play a pivotal role in ensuring the safety of food production by inhibiting the transfer of heavy metal ions from soils to crops. Nevertheless, their impact on soil characteristics and the microbial community and their role in reducing cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice remain unclear. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of three soil amendments (mineral, organic, and microbial) on the distribution of Cd speciation, organic components, iron oxides, and microbial community structure. The application of soil amendments resulted in significant reductions in the soil available Cd content (16 %-51 %) and brown rice Cd content (16 %-78 %), facilitating the transformation of Cd from unstable forms (decreasing 10 %-20 %) to stable forms (increasing 77 %-150 %) in the soil. The mineral and organic amendments increased the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and plant-derived organic carbon (OC), respectively, leading to reduced Cd accumulation in brown rice, while the microbial amendment enhanced OC complexity and the abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, contributing to the decreased rice Cd uptake. The synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that soil amendments regulated soil Cd species by promoting iron oxides and OC coupling. Moreover, both organic and microbial amendments significantly reduced the diversity and richness of the bacterial communities and altered their compositions and structures, by increasing the relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Firmicutes and decreasing those of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Myxococcota. Soil microbiome analysis revealed that the increase of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota associated with Cd adsorption and sequestration contributed to the suppression of soil Cd reactivity. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which soil amendments regulate the speciation and bioavailability of Cd, and improve the bacterial communities, thereby providing guidance for agricultural management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yichun Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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10
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Wu J, Jiao Y, Ran M, Li J. The role of an Sb-oxidizing bacterium in modulating antimony speciation and iron plaque formation to reduce the accumulation and toxicity of Sb in rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133897. [PMID: 38442599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Microbial antimony (Sb) oxidation in the root rhizosphere and the formation of iron plaque (IP) on the root surface are considered as two separate strategies to mitigate Sb(III) phytotoxicity. Here, the effect of an Sb-oxidizing bacterium Bacillus sp. S3 on IP characteristics of rice exposed to Sb(III) and its alleviating effects on plant growth were investigated. The results revealed that Fe(II) supply promoted IP formation under Sb(III) stress. However, the formed IP facilitated rather than hindered the uptake of Sb by rice roots. In contrast, the combined application of Fe(II) and Bacillus sp. S3 effectively alleviated Sb(III) toxicity in rice, resulting in improved rice growth and photosynthesis, reduced oxidative stress levels, enhanced antioxidant systems, and restricted Sb uptake and translocation. Despite the ability of Bacillus sp. S3 to oxidize Fe(II), bacterial inoculation inhibited the formation of IP, resulting in a reduction in Sb absorption on IP and uptake into the roots. Additionally, the bacterial inoculum enhanced the transformation of Sb(III) to less toxic Sb(V) in the culture solution, further influencing the adsorption of Sb onto IP. These findings highlight the potential of combining microbial Sb oxidation and IP as an effective strategy for minimizing Sb toxicity in sustainable rice production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Ying Jiao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Maodi Ran
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jiaokun Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
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11
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Majumdar A, Upadhyay MK, Giri B, Yadav P, Moulick D, Sarkar S, Thakur BK, Sahu K, Srivastava AK, Buck M, Tibbett M, Jaiswal MK, Roychowdhury T. Sustainable water management in rice cultivation reduces arsenic contamination, increases productivity, microbial molecular response, and profitability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133610. [PMID: 38309156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and silicon (Si) are two structurally competitive natural elements where Si minimises As accumulation in rice plants, and based on this two-year field trial, the study proposes adopting alternating wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation as a sustainable water management strategy allowing greater Si availability. This field-based project is the first report on AWD's impact on As-Si distribution in fluvio-alluvial soils of the entire Ganga valley (24 study sites, six divisions), seasonal variance (pre-monsoon and monsoon), rice plant anatomy and productivity, soil microbial diversity, microbial gene ontology profiling and associated metabolic pathways. Under AWD to flooded and pre-monsoon to monsoon cultivations, respectively, greater Si availability was achieved and As-bioavailability was reduced by 8.7 ± 0.01-9.2 ± 0.02% and 25.7 ± 0.09-26.1 ± 0.01%. In the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, the physiological betterment of rice plants led to the high rice grain yield under AWD improved by 8.4 ± 0.07% and 10.0 ± 0.07%, proving the economic profitability. Compared to waterlogging, AWD evidences as an optimal soil condition for supporting soil microbial communities in rice fields, allowing diverse metabolic activities, including As-resistance, and active expression of As-responsive genes and gene products. Greater expressions of gene ontological terms and complex biochemical networking related to As metabolism under AWD proved better cellular, genetic and environmental responsiveness in microbial communities. Finally, by implementing AWD, groundwater usage can be reduced, lowering the cost of pumping and field management and generating an economic profit for farmers. These combined assessments prove the acceptability of AWD for the establishment of multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Majumdar
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India.
| | - Munish Kumar Upadhyay
- Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Biswajit Giri
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Debojyoti Moulick
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Narendrapur, Kolkata 700103, India
| | - Barun Kumar Thakur
- Department of Economics, FLAME University, Pune, Maharashtra 412115, India
| | - Kashinath Sahu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India
| | - Martin Buck
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark Tibbett
- Department of Sustainable Land Management and Soil Research Centre, School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Manoj Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Tarit Roychowdhury
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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12
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Ren WL, Li CZ, Ullah A, Yu XZ. Boron deficiency decreased the root activity of Ga-exposed rice seedlings by reducing iron accumulation and increasing Ga in iron plaque. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:142-150. [PMID: 38282122 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Gallium (Ga) is an emerging chemical pollutant chiefly associated with high-tech industries. Boron (B) alleviates the negative effects of toxic elements on plant growth. Thereby, the effects of B fertilization on Ga toxicity in rice seedlings was studied to clarify the role of iron plaque in the distribution of Ga, Fe, and B in Ga-treated rice seedlings in the presence or absence of B. Gallium exposure significantly reduced the biomass of rice seedlings. Boron deficiency induced a significant change in the distribution of B in Ga-treated rice seedlings compared with "Ga+B" treatments. Accumulation of Ga in roots, dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) extracts, and shoots showed a dose-dependent manner from both +B and -B rice seedlings. Boron nutrition levels affect the distribution of Fe in roots, DCB extracts, and shoots, in which DCB-extractable Fe was significantly decreased from "Ga-B" treatments compared with "Ga+B" treatments. Root activity was significantly decreased in both Ga-exposed rice seedlings; however, B-deficient seedlings showed a severe reduction than +B rice seedlings. These results reveal that Fe plaque might be a temporary sink for B accumulation when plants are grown with proper B, wherein the re-utilization of DCB-extractable B stored in Fe plaque is mandatory for plant growth under B deficiency. Correlation analysis revealed that B deficiency decreased the root activity of Ga-exposed rice seedlings by reducing DCB-extractable Fe and increasing DCB-extractable Ga in Fe plaque. This study enhances our understanding of how B nutritional levels affect Ga toxicity in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Ren
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Abid Ullah
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Peng Z, Lin C, Fan K, Ying J, Li H, Qin J, Qiu R. The use of urea hydrogen peroxide as an alternative N-fertilizer to reduce accumulation of arsenic in rice grains. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119489. [PMID: 37918231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the effects of urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP) on reducing the accumulation of As in rice grains. The results show that UHP effectively triggered Fenton-like reaction by reacting with Fe2+ in the paddy soils. This significantly inhibited the activities of As(V)-reducing microbes, causing impediment of As(V)-As(III) conversion following inundation of dryland crop soils for paddy rice cultivation. As-methylating microbes were also inhibited, adversely affecting As methylation in the soils. These processes led to the reduction in phyto-availability of As in the soil solutions for uptake by rice plant roots, and consequently reduced the accumulation of As in the rice grains. In this study, an UHP application rate of 0.0625% on three occasions (tillering, heading and filling) during the rice growth period was sufficient to lower the rice grain-borne As concentration to below 0.2 mg/kg, meeting the quality standard set by the Chinese government. No additive effect on reducing grain-borne As was observed for the joint application of UHP and biochar or biochar composite. The use of UHP for soil fertilization had no adverse impact on rice yield in comparison with the application of urea at an equal amount of nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Peng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chuxia Lin
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Kaiqing Fan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jidong Ying
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huashou Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junhao Qin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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14
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Martins TS, Da-Silva CJ, Shabala S, Striker GG, Carvalho IR, de Oliveira ACB, do Amarante L. Understanding plant responses to saline waterlogging: insights from halophytes and implications for crop tolerance. PLANTA 2023; 259:24. [PMID: 38108902 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Saline and wet environments stress most plants, reducing growth and yield. Halophytes adapt with ion regulation, energy maintenance, and antioxidants. Understanding these mechanisms aids in breeding resilient crops for climate change. Waterlogging and salinity are two abiotic stresses that have a major negative impact on crop growth and yield. These conditions cause osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress, as well as energy deprivation, thus impairing plant growth and development. Although few crop species can tolerate the combination of salinity and waterlogging, halophytes are plant species that exhibit high tolerance to these conditions due to their morphological, anatomical, and metabolic adaptations. In this review, we discuss the main mechanisms employed by plants exposed to saline waterlogging, intending to understand the mechanistic basis of their ion homeostasis. We summarize the knowledge of transporters and channels involved in ion accumulation and exclusion, and how they are modulated to prevent cytosolic toxicity. In addition, we discuss how reactive oxygen species production and cell signaling enhance ion transport and aerenchyma formation, and how plants exposed to saline waterlogging can control oxidative stress. We also address the morphological and anatomical modifications that plants undergo in response to combined stress, including aerenchyma formation, root porosity, and other traits that help to mitigate stress. Furthermore, we discuss the peculiarities of halophyte plants and their features that can be leveraged to improve crop yields in areas prone to saline waterlogging. This review provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of plant adaptation to saline waterlogging thus paving the path for future research on crop breeding and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires S Martins
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology (LCroP), Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane J Da-Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, Brazil.
- Department of Horticultural Science, NC State University, Raleigh, USA.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Ivan R Carvalho
- Departamento de Estudos Agrários, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano do Amarante
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, Brazil
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15
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Kong F, Zhou J, Guan DX, Wu N, Lu S, Wang H. Role of iron manganese plaque in the safe production of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains: Field evidence at plot and regional scales in cadmium-contaminated paddy soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166183. [PMID: 37567314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between iron manganese plaque (IP) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation by rice in the microenvironment of rice rhizosphere at varying field scales needs to be further explored. In this study, we selected different rice varieties and implemented tailored amendments to ensure the safe production of rice grains in heavily Cd-contaminated farmland situated around an E-waste dismantling site. Through regional surveys, we elucidated the role of IP in facilitating safe rice production. The selection of low-Cd accumulating rice varieties and application of appropriate amendments with sufficient dosages allowed for the effective reduction of Cd transport from soil to rice, resulting in a safe concentration of Cd in rice grains. Analysis using a random forest algorithm indicated that iron (Fe) played a more pivotal role than manganese in soil-rice systems in mitigating Cd accumulation in brown rice. The presence of Fe in IP (IP-Fe) at a low loading mass was unfavorable to the Cd-safe production of rice, while at an IP-Fe loading mass of 52 g/kg, the Cd content in brown rice decreased to a safe level. Furthermore, precipitation, coprecipitation, and complexation of surface functional groups contributed to Cd fixation on IP, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection. Our results highlighted the key role of IP in the production of Cd-safe rice at different field scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyi Kong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiahang Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nei Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shenggao Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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16
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Sun X, Wang J, Zhang M, Liu Z, E Y, Meng J, He T. Combined application of biochar and sulfur alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice by affecting root gene expression and iron plaque accumulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115596. [PMID: 37839192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochar and sulfur are considered useful amendments for soil cadmium (Cd) contamination remediation. However, there is still a gap in the understanding of how combined biochar and sulfur application affects Cd resistance in rice, and the role of the accumulation of iron plaque and the expression of Cd efflux transporter-related genes are still unclear in this type of treatment. In this study, we screened an effective combination of biochar and sulfur (0.75 % biochar, 60 mg/kg sulfur) that significantly reduced the Cd content of rice roots (32.9 %) and shoots (12.3 %); significantly reduced the accumulation of amino acids and their derivatives, organic acids and their derivatives and flavonoids in rice roots; and altered secondary metabolite production and release. This combined biochar and sulfur application alleviated the toxicity of Cd to rice, in which the enhancement of iron plaque (24.8 %) formation and upregulated expression of heavy metal effector genes (NRAMP3, MTP3, ZIP1) were important factors. These findings show that iron plaque and heavy metal transport genes are involved in the detoxification of rice under the combined application of biochar and sulfur, which provides useful information for the combined treatment of soil Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Sun
- National Biochar Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Amelioration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiangnan Wang
- National Biochar Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Amelioration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- National Biochar Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Amelioration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zunqi Liu
- National Biochar Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Amelioration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yang E
- National Biochar Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Amelioration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jun Meng
- National Biochar Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Amelioration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tianyi He
- National Biochar Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Amelioration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China.
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17
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Liu J, Feng X, Qiu G, Li H, Wang Y, Chen X, Fu Q, Guo B. Inhibition Roles of Calcium in Cadmium Uptake and Translocation in Rice: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11587. [PMID: 37511349 PMCID: PMC10380254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice grains is posing a significant threat to global food security. To restrict the transport of Cd in the soil-rice system, an efficient way is to use the ionomics strategy. Since calcium (Ca) and Cd have similar ionic radii, their uptake and translocation may be linked in multiple aspects in rice. However, the underlying antagonistic mechanisms are still not fully understood. Therefore, we first summarized the current knowledge on the physiological and molecular footprints of Cd translocation in plants and then explored the potential antagonistic points between Ca and Cd in rice, including exchange adsorption on roots, plant cell-wall composition, co-transporter gene expression, and transpiration inhibition. This review provides suggestions for Ca/Cd interaction studies on rice and introduces ionomics research as a means of better controlling the accumulation of Cd in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.L.); (X.F.); (G.Q.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (Q.F.)
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.L.); (X.F.); (G.Q.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (Q.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gaoyang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.L.); (X.F.); (G.Q.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (Q.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.L.); (X.F.); (G.Q.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (Q.F.)
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.L.); (X.F.); (G.Q.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (Q.F.)
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.L.); (X.F.); (G.Q.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (Q.F.)
| | - Qinglin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.L.); (X.F.); (G.Q.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (Q.F.)
| | - Bin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.L.); (X.F.); (G.Q.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (Q.F.)
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Zandi P, Xia X, Yang J, Liu J, Remusat L, Rumpel C, Bloem E, Krasny BB, Schnug E. Speciation and distribution of chromium (III) in rice root tip and mature zone: The significant impact of root exudation and iron plaque on chromium bioavailability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130992. [PMID: 36860064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence on the contribution of root regions with varied maturity levels in iron plaque (IP) formation and root exudation of metabolites and their consequences for uptake and bioavailability of chromium (Cr) remains unknown. Therefore, we applied combined nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and synchrotron-based techniques, micro-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) and micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (µ-XANES) to examine the speciation and localisation of Cr and the distribution of (micro-) nutrients in rice root tip and mature region. µ-XRF mapping revealed that the distribution of Cr and (micro-) nutrients varied between root regions. Cr K-edge XANES analysis at Cr hotspots attributed the dominant speciation of Cr in outer (epidermal and sub-epidermal) cell layers of the root tips and mature root to Cr(III)-FA (fulvic acid-like anions) (58-64%) and Cr(III)-Fh (amorphous ferrihydrite) (83-87%) complexes, respectively. The co-occurrence of a high proportion of Cr(III)-FA species and strong co-location signals of 52Cr16O and 13C14N in the mature root epidermis relative to the sub-epidermis indicated an association of Cr with active root surfaces, where the dissolution of IP and release of their associated Cr are likely subject to the mediation of organic anions. The results of NanoSIMS (poor 52Cr16O and 13C14N signals), dissolution (no IP dissolution) and µ-XANES (64% in sub-epidermis >58% in the epidermis for Cr(III)-FA species) analyses of root tips may be indicative of the possible re-uptake of Cr by this region. The results of this research work highlight the significance of IP and organic anions in rice root systems on the bioavailability and dynamics of heavy metals (e.g. Cr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiman Zandi
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; International Faculty of Applied Technology, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Xing Xia
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Laurent Remusat
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie; CNRS UMR 7590; Sorbonne Université; 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cornelia Rumpel
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (IEES), UMR CNRS 7618, IRD 242, INRAE 1392, Université Paris Est Créteil, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Elke Bloem
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Bundesallee 69, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Beata Barabasz Krasny
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Earth Science, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2 St., 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewald Schnug
- Institute for Plant Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Panthri M, Gupta M. An insight into the act of iron to impede arsenic toxicity in paddy agro-system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115289. [PMID: 35598452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surplus research on the widespread arsenic (As) revealed its disturbing role in obstructing the metabolic function of plants. Also, the predilection of As towards rice has been an interesting topic. Contrary to As, iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for all life forms. Past findings propound about the enhanced As-resistance in rice plants during Fe supplementation. Thus, considering the severity of As contamination and resulting exposure through rice crops, as well as the studied cross-talks between As and Fe, we found this topic of relevance. Keeping these in view, we bring this review discussing the presence of As-Fe in the paddy environment, the criticality of Fe plaque in As sequestration, and the effectiveness of various Fe forms to overcome As toxicity in rice. This type of interactive analysis for As and Fe is also crucial in the context of the involvement of Fe in cellular redox activities such as oxidative stress. Also, this piece of work highlights Fe biofortification approaches for better rice varieties with optimum intrinsic Fe and limited As. Though elaborated by others, we lastly present the acquisition and transport mechanisms of both As and Fe in rice tissues. Altogether we suggest that Fe supply and Fe plaque might be a prospective agronomical tool against As poisoning and for phytostabilization, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Panthri
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Meetu Gupta
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Wang X, Jiang J, Dou F, Li X, Sun W, Ma X. Zinc Fertilizers Modified the Formation and Properties of Iron Plaque and Arsenic Accumulation in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) in a Life Cycle Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8209-8220. [PMID: 35623092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of three forms of zinc fertilizers on arsenic (As) accumulation and speciation in rice tissues over the life cycle of this cereal crop in a paddy soil. The formation and properties of iron plaque on rice roots at the maximum tillering stage and the mature stage were also determined. Elevated As at 5 mg/kg markedly lowered the rice yield by 86%; however, 100 mg/kg Zn fertilizers significantly increased the rice yield by 354-686%, regardless of the Zn form. Interestingly, only Zn2+ significantly lowered the total As in rice grains by 17% to 3.5 mg/kg and As(III) by 64% to around 0.5 mg/kg. Zinc amendments substantially hindered and, in the case of zinc oxide bulk particles (ZnOBPs), fully prevented the crystallization of iron oxides (Fe3O4 and Fe2O3) and silicon oxide (SiO2) and altered the composition of iron plaques on rice roots. SiO2 was first reported to be a significant component of iron plaque. Overall, ZnOBPs, ZnO nanoparticles, and Zn2+ displayed significant yet distinctive effects on the properties of iron plaque and As accumulation in rice grains, providing a fresh perspective on the potentially unintended consequences of different Zn fertilizers on food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Wang
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jiechao Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Fugen Dou
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Beaumont, Texas A&M University System, Beaumont, Texas 77713, United States
| | - Xiufen Li
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Beaumont, Texas A&M University System, Beaumont, Texas 77713, United States
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Atmospheric and Hydrologic Science, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota 56301, United States
| | - Xingmao Ma
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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