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Cetkovic T, Haveric A, Behmen S, Hadzic Omanovic M, Caluk Klacar L, Dzaferspahic A, Durmisevic I, Mehanovic M, Haveric S. A pilot biomonitoring study of air pollution in the urban area of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina: genotoxicity assessment in buccal cells. Mutagenesis 2023; 38:33-42. [PMID: 36125092 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution, recognized as a human carcinogen, is a significant cause of death in industrial and developing countries, and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is one of the leading countries for air pollution-caused death rate and has the poorest urban air quality in Europe. Despite a population decrease, urban air pollution in B&H has increased due to traffic pollution and still intensive use of solid fuel for heating and cooking. Human biomonitoring studies, regarding the described air pollution, have not been conducted before, and particularly have not been conducted in the region of Sarajevo. Good health, well-being, and environmental protection are part of the 17 defined Sustainable Development Global Goals. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine baseline levels of DNA damage in a group of Sarajevo citizens and to compare seasonal variations in DNA damage in relation to the reported levels of air pollution. From 33 individuals included in the study, samples were collected in the summer and winter seasons. The buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay and comet assay in leucocytes isolated from saliva were performed. Mean values and standard deviations of log-transformed tail intensity (%), tail length (µm), and tail moment results in winter were 1.14 ± 0.23, 2.20 ± 0.14, and 1.03 ± 0.29, respectively, while in the summer season those values were 1.19 ± 0.19, 2.25 ± 0.17, and 1.07 ± 0.25, respectively. No significant differences were found for the comet assay parameters. Nevertheless, BMCyt results showed significant increases in micronuclei (P = .008), binuclear cells (P = .04), karyolysis (P = .0003), condensed chromatin (P = .03), and pyknosis (P = .002) in winter. Although the results of comet and BMCyt assays are not in accordance, this study contributes to the human air pollution biomonitoring in Sarajevo, B&H, and based on the genotoxic effects of air pollution evidenced by the BMCyt biomarker further studies of this kind are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Cetkovic
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anja Haveric
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Selma Behmen
- Section for Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maida Hadzic Omanovic
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Caluk Klacar
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alen Dzaferspahic
- Section for Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Irma Durmisevic
- Section for Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mahira Mehanovic
- Section for Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanin Haveric
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Hasanovic M, Cetkovic T, Pourrut B, Caluk Klacar L, Hadzic Omanovic M, Durmic-Pasic A, Haveric S, Haveric A. Air pollution in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, assessed by plant comet assay. Mutagenesis 2023; 38:43-50. [PMID: 36342121 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is among the European countries with the highest rate of air pollution-related death cases and the poorest air quality. The main causes are solid fuel consumption, traffic, and the poorly developed or implemented air pollution reduction policies. In addition, the city of Sarajevo, the capital of B&H, suffers temperature inversion episodes in autumn/winter months, which sustain air pollution. Human biomonitoring studies may be confounded by the lifestyle of subjects or possible metabolic alterations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate Ligustrum vulgare L. as a model for air pollution monitoring by measuring DNA damage at one rural and two urban sites. DNA damage was measured as tail intensity (TI) in L. vulgare leaves, considering seasonal, sampling period, leaf position and staging, and spatial (urban versus rural) variation. Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on TI were assessed by periodical monitoring at one of the selected sites, while in-house grown L. vulgare plants were used to test differences between outdoor and indoor air pollution effects for the same sampling period. Significantly higher TI was generally observed in leaves collected in Campus in December 2020 and 2021 compared with March (P < 0.0001). Outer and adult leaves showed higher TI values, except for the rural site where no differences for these categories were found. Leaves collected in the proximity of the intensive traffic showed significantly higher TI values (P < 0.001), regardless of the sampling period and the stage of growth. In regards to the COVID-19 lockdown, higher TI (P < 0.001) was registered in December 2020, after the lockdown period, than in periods before COVID-19 outbreak or immediately after the lockdown in 2020. This also reflects mild air pollution conditions in summer. TI values for the in-house grown leaves were significantly lower compared to those in situ. Results showed that L. vulgare may present a consistent model for the air pollution biomonitoring but further studies are needed to establish the best association between L. vulgare physiology, air quality data, and air pollution effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujo Hasanovic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tamara Cetkovic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS-ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Lejla Caluk Klacar
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maida Hadzic Omanovic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Adaleta Durmic-Pasic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanin Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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3
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Žero S, Žužul S, Huremović J, Pehnec G, Bešlić I, Rinkovec J, Godec R, Kittner N, Pavlović K, Požar N, Castillo JJ, Sanchez S, Manousakas MI, Furger M, Prevot AS, Močnik G, Džepina K. New Insight into the Measurements of Particle-Bound Metals in the Urban and Remote Atmospheres of the Sarajevo Canton and Modeled Impacts of Particulate Air Pollution in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7052-7062. [PMID: 35234030 PMCID: PMC9178787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Sarajevo Canton Winter Field Campaign 2018 (SAFICA) was a project that took place in winter 2017-2018 with an aim to characterize the chemical composition of aerosol in the Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), which has one of the worst air qualities in Europe. This paper presents the first characterization of the metals in PM10 (particulate matter aerodynamic diameters ≤10 μm) from continuous filter samples collected during an extended two-months winter period at the urban background Sarajevo and remote Ivan Sedlo sites. We report the results of 18 metals detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The average mass concentrations of metals were higher at the Sarajevo site than at Ivan Sedlo and ranged from 0.050 ng/m3 (Co) to 188 ng/m3 (Fe) and from 0.021 ng/m3 (Co) to 61.8 ng/m3 (Fe), respectively. The BenMAP-CE model was used for estimating the annual BiH health (50% decrease in PM2.5 would save 4760+ lives) and economic benefits (costs of $2.29B) of improving the air quality. Additionally, the integrated energy and health assessment with the ExternE model provided an initial estimate of the additional health cost of BiH's energy system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Žero
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Sarajevo, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Silva Žužul
- Environmental
Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Huremović
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Sarajevo, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Gordana Pehnec
- Environmental
Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Bešlić
- Environmental
Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Rinkovec
- Environmental
Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ranka Godec
- Environmental
Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research
and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Noah Kittner
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400, United States
| | - Karla Pavlović
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nino Požar
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Sergio Sanchez
- Clean Air
Institute, Washington, DC 20005, United States
| | - Manousos I. Manousakas
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Markus Furger
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andre S.H. Prevot
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Griša Močnik
- Center
for
Atmospheric Research, University of Nova
Gorica, SI-5270, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Katja Džepina
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
- Center
for
Atmospheric Research, University of Nova
Gorica, SI-5270, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg
1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Wang W, Ding X, Turap Y, Tursun Y, Abulizi A, Wang X, Shao L, Talifu D, An J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Liu H. Distribution, sources, risks, and vitro DNA oxidative damage of PM 2.5-bound atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Urumqi, NW China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139518. [PMID: 32534306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Research has focused on the impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere due to their potential carcinogenicity. In this study, we investigated the seasonal variation, sources, incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRS), and vitro DNA oxidative damage of PAHs in Urumqi in NW China. A total of 72 atmospheric samples from Urumqi were collected over a year (September 2017-September 2018) and were analyzed for 16 PAHs that are specifically prioritized by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (U·S EPA). The highest PAHs concentrations were in winter (1032.66 ng m-3) and lowest in spring (146.00 ng m-3). Middle molecular weight PAHs with four rings were the most abundant species (45.28-61.19% of the total). The results of the diagnostic ratio and positive matrix factorization inferred that the major sources of atmospheric PAHs in Urumqi were biomass burning, coking, and petrogenic sources (52.9%), traffic (30.1%), coal combustion (8.9%), and the plastics recycling industry (8.1%). ILCRS assessment and Monte Carlo simulations suggested that for all age groups PAHs cancer risks were mainly associated with ingestion and dermal contact and inhalation was negligible. The plasmid scission assay results showed a positive dose-response relationship between PAHs concentrations and DNA damage rates, demonstrating that toxic PAHs was the primary cause for PM2.5-induced DNA damage in the air of Urumqi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yusan Turap
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yalkunjan Tursun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Abulikemu Abulizi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Longyi Shao
- College of Geosciences and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dilinuer Talifu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Juqin An
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yuanyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Huibin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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5
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Pehnec G, Jakovljević I, Godec R, Sever Štrukil Z, Žero S, Huremović J, Džepina K. Carcinogenic organic content of particulate matter at urban locations with different pollution sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139414. [PMID: 32464402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds known for their adverse effects on human health. Many of them are proven carcinogens, especially those with 5 and 6 aromatic rings, which under normal tropospheric conditions are found in the particle-phase. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is often measured as their general representative. Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is among the European cities with the poorest air quality. However, in Sarajevo PAHs are neither routinely measured within the air quality monitoring network nor have been a subject of extended, continuous field studies during the most polluted cold periods of the year. The capital of Croatia, Zagreb, is located approximately 300 km air distance north-west from Sarajevo. PAH mass concentrations in Zagreb have been measured continuously since 1994 within air quality monitoring networks. During winter 2017/2018, the SAFICA project (Sarajevo Canton Winter Field Campaign 2018) was carried out in order to characterize the chemical composition of organic and inorganic aerosol in the Sarajevo Canton. This paper presents the results of PAH measurements in the cities of Sarajevo and Zagreb at one urban location per city. Daily (24 h), continuous samples of PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤10 μm) were collected during heating season, from December 27, 2017 to February 27, 2018. Mass concentrations of eleven particle-phase PAHs in Sarajevo and Zagreb from filter samples collected during the same period were compared. The average BaP ambient mass concentrations in Sarajevo and Zagreb were 6.93 ng m-3 and 3.11 ng m-3, respectively. The contribution of BaP to the total PAH mass concentration was similar at both locations (11%). However, much higher contributions of particle-phase fluoranthene and pyrene were found in Sarajevo. Contributions of individual PAH, diagnostic ratios and factor analysis indicate that combustion of gasoline and diesel from vehicle traffic are a potential source of PAHs at both locations, as well as combustion of other liquid fossil fuels (petroleum and fuel oil). Wood burning was occasionally indicated as a PAH emission source in Zagreb, while in Sarajevo the contribution of PAHs from wood and coal combustion was more evident. Calculated value for total carcinogenic potency (TCP) of PAHs, which was estimated using toxic equivalence factors from the literature, in PM10 samples collected in Sarajevo was more than twice higher than in Zagreb (10.6 ng m-3 and 4.7 ng m-3, respectively). BaP had the highest contribution to the TCP at both locations (69 and 67%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Pehnec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jakovljević
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ranka Godec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zdravka Sever Štrukil
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sabina Žero
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne, 33-35, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasna Huremović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne, 33-35, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Katja Džepina
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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Polachova A, Gramblicka T, Parizek O, Sram RJ, Stupak M, Hajslova J, Pulkrabova J. Estimation of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on the dietary and outdoor atmospheric monitoring in the Czech Republic. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:108977. [PMID: 31821985 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In everyday life, humans can be exposed to various chemicals including ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mostly through food consumption and/or inhalation. In the presented study, we evaluated PAH concentrations in duplicate samples (n = 251). Concurrently, the outdoor concentrations of PM2.5-bound PAHs in filters (n = 179) were also monitored. The daily exposure to PAHs was subsequently estimated for the risk group of pregnant women living in two different cities (Most city and Ceske Budejovice city) in the Czech Republic. This is the first unique study in Europe to evaluate human daily exposure to 20 PAHs both from inhalation (outdoor air) and dietary intake. For the analysis of samples collected during the years 2016/2017, a gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was applied. Focusing on the diet samples, a slightly higher sum of detected PAHs was measured in duplicates obtained from the mothers living in the Most city (0.115-186 ng g-1) compared to the Ceske Budejovice city (0.115-97.1 ng g-1). This could be due to a higher occurrence of major analytes (pyrene, phenanthrene and fluoranthene) and the different composition of daily diet. The values of toxic and most often detected substance, namely benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), were also higher by 35% in the Most city. Regarding the outdoor air contamination (only particulate phase - PM2.5 was assessed), here the opposite situation was observed, relatively higher amounts of all PAHs were monitored in the Ceske Budejovice city (median: 2.22 ng m-3) than in the Most city (median: 1.07 ng m-3). These higher PAH concentrations in the Ceske Budejovice city are probably caused by more intense traffic, higher population and also by the occurrence of old-fashioned heating plant. Depending on a seasonal variability, especially during the cold season, the concentrations of BaP exceeded the European average emission limit (1 ng m-3) by 1.5-6 times. This highest inhalation exposure to all PAHs was observed in February. However, the dietary intake still represents the dominant contributor (>90%) to the total PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Polachova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Gramblicka
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Parizek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radim J Sram
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Stupak
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pulkrabova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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7
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Yu SY, Liu WJ, Xu YS, Zhao YZ, Cai CY, Liu Y, Wang X, Xiong GN, Tao S, Liu WX. Organochlorine pesticides in ambient air from the littoral cities of northern China: Spatial distribution, seasonal variation, source apportionment and cancer risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:163-176. [PMID: 30359799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations, composition and seasonal variations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the atmosphere (particulate phase and gaseous phase) at coastal cities in northern China were determined. OCP transport from emission source areas and lifetime excess cancer risks by inhalation exposure to specific OCPs were also investigated. The annual average concentration of total OCPs in gaseous phase ranged from 1.0ng/m3 to 6.3ng/m3, with the peak observed in summer at most sites. Particulate phase concentrations ranged from 29.9pg/m3 to 103.3pg/m3, with the maximum found in the local heating period at most locations. The detection rates of gaseous samples were considerably higher than those of particulate ones. The dominant components included endosulfan (I and II), (α- and γ-) chlordane, pentachlorobiphenyl (PeCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), heptachlor, (α-, β- and γ-) hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and their metabolic products. The specific ratios indicated different applications of DDT, technical HCH and endosulfan at most sites. Large differences in compositional profiles occurred in January (typical heating period) and July (representative non-heating period), and diurnal changes in component concentrations may have been influenced by local emission pattern. The potential source contribution function (PSCF) manifested seasonal concentrations of airborne OCPs affected by the input of potential sources in different regions. The emission sources with higher contribution probabilities to the sites were primarily distributed in the surrounding areas. The lifetime excess cancer risks for the local residents by inhalation exposure to specific components were not high, though the potential threat of α-HCH and HCB should be concerned. CAPSULE: Gaseous OCPs reached peak values in summer and dominated relative to particulate (PM10) values; meanwhile, surrounding sources affected air OCP concentrations, and cancer risks of OCPs by inhalation exposure were not high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yun Song Xu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yong Zhi Zhao
- Center for Environmental Engineering Assessment, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161005, China
| | - Chuan Yang Cai
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guan Nan Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Byambaa B, Yang L, Matsuki A, Nagato EG, Gankhuyag K, Chuluunpurev B, Banzragch L, Chonokhuu S, Tang N, Hayakawa K. Sources and Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient Total Suspended Particles in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E442. [PMID: 30717405 PMCID: PMC6388224 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify pollution sources by characterizing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from total suspended particles in Ulaanbaatar City. Fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in total suspended particle samples collected from different sites, such as the urban center, industrial district and ger (Mongolian traditional house) areas, and residential areas both in heating (January, March), and non-heating (September) periods in 2017. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration ranged between 131 and 773 ng·m-3 in winter, 22.2 and 530.6 ng·m-3 in spring, and between 1.4 and 54.6 ng·m-3 in autumn. Concentrations of specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as phenanthrene were higher in the ger area in winter and spring seasons, and the pyrene concentration was dominant in late summer in the residential area. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations in the ger area were particularly higher than the other sites, especially in winter. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ratios indicated that vehicle emissions were likely the main source at the city center in the winter time. Mixed contributions from biomass, coal, and petroleum combustion were responsible for the particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution at other sampling sites during the whole observation period. The lifetime inhalation cancer risk values in the ger area due to winter pollution were estimated to be 1.2 × 10-5 and 2.1 × 10-5 for child and adult exposures, respectively, which significantly exceed Environmental Protection Agency guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batdelger Byambaa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
- Department of Environment and Forest engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia.
| | - Lu Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Matsuki
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Edward G Nagato
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Khongor Gankhuyag
- Department of Environment and Forest engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia.
| | - Byambatseren Chuluunpurev
- Department of Environment and Forest engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia.
| | - Lkhagvajargal Banzragch
- Department of Environment and Forest engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia.
| | - Sonomdagva Chonokhuu
- Department of Environment and Forest engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia.
| | - Ning Tang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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Pulster EL, Johnson G, Hollander D, McCluskey J, Harbison R. Levels and Sources of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Surrounding an Oil Refinery in Curaçao. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2019.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Memić M, Vrtačnik M, Boh B, Pohleven F, Mahmutović O. Biodegradation of PAHs by Ligninolytic Fungi Hypoxylon Fragiforme and Coniophora Puteana. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2017.1392326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Memić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina
| | - Margareta Vrtačnik
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Boh
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franc Pohleven
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Omer Mahmutović
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina
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Summertime Day-Night Differences of PM2.5 Components (Inorganic Ions, OC, EC, WSOC, WSON, HULIS, and PAHs) in Changzhou, China. ATMOSPHERE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos8100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Manoli E, Kouras A, Karagkiozidou O, Argyropoulos G, Voutsa D, Samara C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at traffic and urban background sites of northern Greece: source apportionment of ambient PAH levels and PAH-induced lung cancer risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3556-68. [PMID: 26490935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen particle-phase PAHs, including nine >4-ring congeners [Benz[a]anthracene (BaAn), Chrysene (Chry), Benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), Benzo[e]pyrene (BeP), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (dBaAn), Benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiPe), Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (IP)], listed by IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) as class 1, class 2A, and 2B carcinogens, plus four ≤ 4-ring congeners [Phenanthrene (Ph), Anthracene (An), Fluoranthene (Fl), Pyrene (Py)], were concurrently measured in inhalable and respirable particle fractions (PM10 and PM2.5) at a heavy-traffic and an urban background site in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, during the warm and the cold period of the year. Carcinogenic and mutagenic potencies of the PAH-bearing particles were calculated, and the inhalation cancer risk (ICR) for local population was estimated. Finally, Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) modeling was employed for the source apportionment of ambient PAH levels and the estimated lung cancer risk. Resulted inhalation cancer risk during winter was found to be equivalent in the city center and the urban background area suggesting that residential wood burning may offset the benefits from minor traffic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Manoli
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kouras
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Karagkiozidou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Argyropoulos
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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