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Vicente S, Máguas C, Richardson DM, Trindade H, Wilson JRU, Le Roux JJ. Highly diverse and highly successful: invasive Australian acacias have not experienced genetic bottlenecks globally. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:149-157. [PMID: 33876193 PMCID: PMC8324033 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Invasive species may undergo rapid evolution despite very limited standing genetic diversity. This so-called genetic paradox of biological invasions assumes that an invasive species has experienced (and survived) a genetic bottleneck and then underwent local adaptation in the new range. In this study, we test how often Australian acacias (genus Acacia), one of the world's most problematic invasive tree groups, have experienced genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding. METHODS We collated genetic data from 51 different genetic studies on Acacia species to compare genetic diversity between native and invasive populations. These studies analysed 37 different Acacia species, with genetic data from the invasive ranges of 11 species, and data from the native range for 36 species (14 of these 36 species are known to be invasive somewhere in the world, and the other 22 are not known to be invasive). KEY RESULTS Levels of genetic diversity are similar in native and invasive populations, and there is little evidence of invasive populations being extensively inbred. Levels of genetic diversity in native range populations also did not differ significantly between species that have and that do not have invasive populations. CONCLUSION We attribute our findings to the impressive movement, introduction effort and human usage of Australian acacias around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicente
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Helena Trindade
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - John R U Wilson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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Abdelsalam NR, Ali HM, Salem MZM, El-Wakil HE. Quantitative and Qualitative Genetic Studies of Some Acacia Species Grown in Egypt. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E243. [PMID: 32069993 PMCID: PMC7076689 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current work is to study the genetic differentiation between Acacia species growing in Egypt as plant genetic resources based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers. The 20 replicates of Acacia tree collected from four localities from Egypt were A. tortilis ssp. raddiana and A. farnesiana (Siwa Oasis and Borg El-Arab City), A. stenophylla, A. sclerosperma (Marsa Matroh City), and A. saligna (Abis Station Farm, Alexandria). The results based on the previous markers indicated highly significant differences between Acacia species, confirming the hypothesis of the possibility of using morphological, biochemical, and molecular parameters in species identification. Qualitative characteristics results indicated some similarities and differences that are taxonomically important for comparing taxonomical grouping with morphological data for the genetic description of Acacia species. The activities of antioxidant enzymes have been studied intensively and the results provide strong similarities between the Acacia species (69%), between A. raddiana (Siwa and Borg Al-Arab) and A. saligna, followed by all Acacia species (50%). Finally, the molecular studies showed that a total of 563 amplification fragments, 190 fragments were monomorphic, and 373 fragments were polymorphic. The highest number of amplification fragments (21) was detected with OPB-20 primer, while OPA-20 showed seven amplification fragments; the average number was 13.09. The results indicated that Acacia species exhibit high genetic differentiation, helpful in the future for genetic improvement programs. The novelty of the current study is highlighting the importance of plant genetic resources in Egypt and using different techniques to measure the differentiation between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Timber Trees Research Department, Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z. M. Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Hosam E. El-Wakil
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
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Manea A, Tabassum S, Carthey AJR, Cameron DNS, Leishman MR. Evidence for a shift in defence driving the invasion success of Acacia longifolia in Australia. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Harris CJ, Manea A, Moles AT, Murray BR, Leishman MR. Differences in life-cycle stage components between native and introduced ranges of five woody Fabaceae species. AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla J. Harris
- Department of Biological Science; Macquarie University; North Ryde New South Wales 2109 Australia
| | - Anthony Manea
- Department of Biological Science; Macquarie University; North Ryde New South Wales 2109 Australia
| | - Angela T. Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Brad R. Murray
- School of Life Sciences; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway New South Wales Australia
| | - Michelle R. Leishman
- Department of Biological Science; Macquarie University; North Ryde New South Wales 2109 Australia
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Wang T, Wang Z, Chen G, Wang C, Su Y. Invasive Chloroplast Population Genetics of Mikania micrantha in China: No Local Adaptation and Negative Correlation between Diversity and Geographic Distance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1426. [PMID: 27708663 PMCID: PMC5030282 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two fundamental questions on how invasive species are able to rapidly colonize novel habitat have emerged. One asks whether a negative correlation exists between the genetic diversity of invasive populations and their geographic distance from the origin of introduction. The other is whether selection on the chloroplast genome is important driver of adaptation to novel soil environments. Here, we addressed these questions in a study of the noxious invasive weed, Mikania micrantha, which has rapidly expanded in to southern China after being introduced to Hong Kong in 1884. Seven chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs) were used to investigate population genetics in 28 populations of M. micrantha, which produced 39 loci. The soil compositions for these populations, including Mg abundance, were measured. The results showed that M. micrantha possessed relatively high cpSSR variation and differentiation among populations. Multiple diversity indices were quantified, and none was significantly correlated with distance from the origin of introduction. No evidence for "isolation by distance," significant spatial structure, bottlenecks, nor linkage disequilibrium was detected. We also were unable to identify loci on the chloroplast genome that exhibited patterns of differentiation that would suggest adaptive evolution in response to soil attributes. Soil Mg had only a genome-wide effect instead of being a selective factor, which highlighted the association between Mg and the successful invasion. This study characterizes the role of the chloroplast genome of M. micrantha during its recent invasion of southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Guopei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yingjuan Su
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen, China
- Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai, China
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Xu CY, Tang S, Fatemi M, Gross CL, Julien MH, Curtis C, van Klinken RD. Population structure and genetic diversity of invasivePhyla canescens: implications for the evolutionary potential. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00374.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Leishman MR, Cooke J, Richardson DM, Newman J. Evidence for shifts to faster growth strategies in the new ranges of invasive alien plants. THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2014; 102:1451-1461. [PMID: 25558090 PMCID: PMC4277856 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the processes underlying the transition from introduction to naturalization and spread is an important goal of invasion ecology. Release from pests and pathogens in association with capacity for rapid growth is thought to confer an advantage for species in novel regions.We assessed leaf herbivory and leaf-level traits associated with growth strategy in the native and exotic ranges of 13 invasive plant species from 256 populations. Species were native to either the Western Cape region of South Africa, south-western Australia or south-eastern Australia and had been introduced to at least one of the other regions or to New Zealand. We tested for evidence of herbivore release and shifts in leaf traits between native and exotic ranges of the 13 species.Across all species, leaf herbivory, specific leaf area and leaf area were significantly different between native and exotic ranges while there were no significant differences across the 13 species found for leaf mass, assimilation rate, dark respiration or foliar nitrogen.Analysis at the species- and region-level showed that eight out of 13 species had reduced leaf herbivory in at least one exotic region compared to its native range.Six out of 13 species had significantly larger specific leaf area (SLA) in at least one exotic range region and five of those six species experienced reduced leaf herbivory. Increases in SLA were underpinned by increases in leaf area rather than reductions in leaf mass.No species showed differences in the direction of trait shifts from the native range between different exotic regions. This suggests that the driver of selection on these traits in the exotic range is consistent across regions and hence is most likely to be associated with factors linked with introduction to a novel environment, such as release from leaf herbivory, rather than with particular environmental conditions.Synthesis. These results provide evidence that introduction of a plant species into a novel environment commonly results in a reduction in the top-down constraint imposed by herbivores on growth, allowing plants to shift towards a faster growth strategy which may result in an increase in population size and spread and consequently to invasive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Leishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Julia Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - David M Richardson
- Department of Botany & Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Newman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Tozer MG, Ooi MKJ. Humidity-regulated dormancy onset in the Fabaceae: a conceptual model and its ecological implications for the Australian wattle Acacia saligna. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:579-90. [PMID: 25015069 PMCID: PMC4204671 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Seed dormancy enhances fitness by preventing seeds from germinating when the probability of seedling survival and recruitment is low. The onset of physical dormancy is sensitive to humidity during ripening; however, the implications of this mechanism for seed bank dynamics have not been quantified. This study proposes a model that describes how humidity-regulated dormancy onset may control the accumulation of a dormant seed bank, and seed experiments are conducted to calibrate the model for an Australian Fabaceae, Acacia saligna. The model is used to investigate the impact of climate on seed dormancy and to forecast the ecological implications of human-induced climate change. METHODS The relationship between relative humidity and dormancy onset was quantified under laboratory conditions by exposing freshly matured non-dormant seeds to constant humidity levels for fixed durations. The model was field-calibrated by measuring the response of seeds exposed to naturally fluctuating humidity. The model was applied to 3-hourly records of humidity spanning the period 1972-2007 in order to estimate both temporal variability in dormancy and spatial variability attributable to climatic differences among populations. Climate change models were used to project future changes in dormancy onset. KEY RESULTS A sigmoidal relationship exists between dormancy and humidity under both laboratory and field conditions. Seeds ripened under field conditions became dormant following very short exposure to low humidity (<20 %). Prolonged exposure at higher humidity did not increase dormancy significantly. It is predicted that populations growing in a temperate climate produce 33-55 % fewer dormant seeds than those in a Mediterranean climate; however, dormancy in temperate populations is predicted to increase as a result of climate change. CONCLUSIONS Humidity-regulated dormancy onset may explain observed variation in physical dormancy. The model offers a systematic approach to modelling this variation in population studies. Forecast changes in climate have the potential to alter the seed bank dynamics of species with physical dormancy regulated by this mechanism, with implications for their capacity to delay germination and exploit windows for recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Tozer
- New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box 1967, Hurstville 2220 Australia
| | - Mark K J Ooi
- Institute for Conservation Biology and Environmental Management, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong 2500, Australia
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Rollins LA, Moles AT, Lam S, Buitenwerf R, Buswell JM, Brandenburger CR, Flores-Moreno H, Nielsen KB, Couchman E, Brown GS, Thomson FJ, Hemmings F, Frankham R, Sherwin WB. High genetic diversity is not essential for successful introduction. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:4501-17. [PMID: 24340190 PMCID: PMC3856749 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some introduced populations thrive and evolve despite the presumed loss of diversity at introduction. We aimed to quantify the amount of genetic diversity retained at introduction in species that have shown evidence of adaptation to their introduced environments. Samples were taken from native and introduced ranges of Arctotheca populifolia and Petrorhagia nanteuilii. Using microsatellite data, we identified the source for each introduction, estimated genetic diversity in native and introduced populations, and calculated the amount of diversity retained in introduced populations. These values were compared to those from a literature review of diversity in native, confamilial populations and to estimates of genetic diversity retained at introduction. Gene diversity in the native range of both species was significantly lower than for confamilials. We found that, on average, introduced populations showing evidence of adaptation to their new environments retained 81% of the genetic diversity from the native range. Introduced populations of P. nanteuilii had higher genetic diversity than found in the native source populations, whereas introduced populations of A. populifolia retained only 14% of its native diversity in one introduction and 1% in another. Our literature review has shown that most introductions demonstrating adaptive ability have lost diversity upon introduction. The two species studied here had exceptionally low native range genetic diversity. Further, the two introductions of A. populifolia represent the largest percentage loss of genetic diversity in a species showing evidence of substantial morphological change in the introduced range. While high genetic diversity may increase the likelihood of invasion success, the species examined here adapted to their new environments with very little neutral genetic diversity. This finding suggests that even introductions founded by small numbers of individuals have the potential to become invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Rollins
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong, Vic., 3216, Australia ; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Plant-soil feedbacks do not explain invasion success of Acacia species in introduced range populations in Australia. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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