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Naserabad SS, Zarei S, Rahimi J, Ghafouri Z, Mouludi-Saleh A, Banaee M. Protective effects of Allium jesdianum essential oil on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to sub-lethal toxicity of cypermethrin. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 274:107051. [PMID: 39154627 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Allium jesdianum essential oil (AJEO) in decreasing cypermethrin toxicity for rainbow trout. First, the safety of the 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% AJEO supplements was assayed after 60 days. Then, the protective effects of AJEO were studied on fish exposed to 12.5% 96h LC50 cypermethrin after 14 days. Results showed that 1 and 1.5% AJEO administration enhanced protease and lipase activities in the intestine and improved growth performance. Moreover, feeding fish with 1 and 1.5% AJEO increased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA). Also, AJEO increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in serum. However, exposure to cypermethrin significantly decreased these enzyme activities and increased MDA. The oxidative biomarkers remained normal in fish fed with AJEO after exposure to cypermethrin. The administration of 1 and 1.5% AJEO significantly decreased cortisol and glucose levels, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. Although exposure to cypermethrin significantly increased these biochemical biomarkers, AJEO could adjust them. A significant effect of 1% AJEO on total protein and globulin was observed before and after exposure to cypermethrin. Exposure to cypermethrin decreased all immunological parameters in the serum and mucus. However, administration of 1% AJEO increased protease, lysozyme (LYS) activities, total immunoglobulin (Ig), complement C3 and C4, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in the serum and ALP, LYS, protease activities and Ig in mucus. In conclusion, results showed that AJEO could potentially decrease the toxicity effects of cypermethrin in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarallah Zarei
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahimi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zaniar Ghafouri
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atta Mouludi-Saleh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
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2
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Hazra P, Ghosh AK, Sarower MG. Cypermethrin exposure: Implications for growth, phenotypic attributes, and biochemical responses in monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38831642 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of exposure to sublethal concentrations of cypermethrin on growth, phenotypic traits, and metabolic and antioxidant enzymes activities of monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The median lethal concentration (LC50) of cypermethrin was initially ascertained to be 0.04 ppm after 12 h of exposure to three concentrations (0.04, 0.20, and 1.0 ppm) via the Probit analysis method. The sublethal exposures were obtained for 3 months at 0.0016, 0.008, and 0.04 ppm of cypermethrin. The growth performance, phenotypic traits, and enzymatic activity were analyzed. The research findings revealed a notable impact of cypermethrin on the growth performance of monosex tilapia, with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in weight observed as the concentration increased. The experiment documented a significant change (p < 0.05) in the phenotypic traits of standard length, total length, tail length, trunk length, eye diameter, body area, and color patterns, but not dressing percentage. Furthermore, it was observed that the activities of amylase and protease in both the intestine and muscle decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing concentrations of cypermethrin, except for amylase in the muscle, where no significant change was noted (p > 0.05). The results also demonstrated significant reductions (p < 0.05) in the activity of metabolic enzymes, specifically superoxide dismutase and catalase, following exposure to sublethal levels of cypermethrin. The study suggested that sublethal exposure of pyrethroid alters the growth, phenotypic traits, metabolic enzymes activities, and immunity of monosex tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prema Hazra
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Alokesh Kumar Ghosh
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Golam Sarower
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Tahir R, Samra, Ghaffar A, Afzal F, Qazi IH, Zhao L, Yan H, Kuo H, Khan H, Yang S. Chronic cypermethrin induced toxicity and molecular fate assessment within common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using multiple biomarkers approach and its novel therapeutic detoxification. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142096. [PMID: 38663676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP) is a chemical of emerging concern which has persistent and bioaccumulating impacts as it can be found extensively in freshwater ecosystem and agricultural products. It has exposure risk and toxic effects over human edible fish, as common carp. Four groups were designed for toxicity assessment and detoxification approach: control group (CL), CYP exposure group (CYP), CYP + 10% M. oleifera leaves and 10% M. oleifera seeds (CMO group), 10% M. oleifera leaves and 10% M. oleifera seeds (MO group). Trial period was forty days during which cohort of 240 fish in CYP and CMO group was exposed to 1/5 of 96h LC50 of CYP (0.1612 μg/L). CYP-exposed carp exhibited lower growth parameters, but carp fed with 10% M. oleifera seeds and leaves showed significant improvement in growth rate (SGR, RGR) and weight gain (WG) as compared to the control group. CYP exposure negatively affected haemato-biochemical parameters. Moreover, CYP exposure also led to oxidative stress, damaged immunological parameters, genotoxicity and histopathological damage in liver and intestinal cells. Whereas, M. oleifera supplementation has ameliorated these conditions. Thereby, supplementation with M. oleifera is potential and novel therapeutic detoxication approach for common carp and human health against persistent and bioaccumulating emerging chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Tahir
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Samra
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Afzal
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Haoxiao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - He Kuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hamid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Öz M, Inanan BE, Üstüner E, Karagoz B, Dikel S. Effects of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) oil on growth performance, haemato-biochemical and histopathology of cypermethrin-intoxicated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1449. [PMID: 38581350 PMCID: PMC10998455 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When pesticides are introduced into wetlands by agriculture, fish quickly absorb them through their gills. Pesticides reduce hatchability, impede growth, and antioxidant response, killing fish. Therefore, it's crucial to find effective pesticide mitigation methods for fish. OBJECTIVE In this study, the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) oil on the growth, haematology, biochemistry and histopathology parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to cypermethrin toxicity were investigated. METHODS In the research, cypermethrin was added to the water of the experimental groups at a rate of 1:20 of the LC50 value, and 1.00% garlic oil was added to the fish feed. Fish with an initial weight of 30.26 ± 0.26 g were fed for 45 days. RESULTS At the end of feeding, the final weights were determined as 69.39 ± 0.41 (G1), 61.81 ± 0.65 (G2), 82.25 ± 0.36 (G3), and 75.04 ± 0.68 (G4) grams, respectively. Histopathological examinations revealed serious lesions in the gill, liver, brain, and muscle tissues in the cypermethrin group, whereas these lesions were minimal or absent in the garlic oil group. CONCLUSIONS Garlic oil supplementation had positive effects on growth, haematology, blood biochemistry, hepatosomatic index and histopathological parameters. These findings suggest that garlic oil is a potential protective agent against cypermethrin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Öz
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Fisheries and DiseasesAksaray UniversityAksarayTurkey
| | - Burak Evren Inanan
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Fisheries and DiseasesAksaray UniversityAksarayTurkey
| | - Enes Üstüner
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Fisheries and DiseasesAksaray UniversityAksarayTurkey
| | - Betül Karagoz
- Department of Fisheries and DiseasesGraduate School of Health SciencesAksaray UniversityAksarayTurkey
| | - Suat Dikel
- Faculty of FisheriesDepartment of AquacultureCukurova UniversityAdanaTurkey
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Zhao H, Zhang Y, Hou L, Lu H, Zhang Y, Xing M. Effects of environmentally relevant cypermethrin and sulfamethoxazole on intestinal health, microbiome, and liver metabolism in grass carp. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106760. [PMID: 37977013 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The incorrect use of antibiotics and pesticides poses significant risks of biological toxicity. Their simultaneous exposure could jeopardize fish health and hinder sustainable aquaculture. Here, we subjected grass carp to waterborne cypermethrin (0.65 μg/L) or/and sulfamethoxazole (0.30 μg/L) treatments for a duration of 6 weeks. We closely monitored the effects on intestinal function, the intestinal microbiome, and the liver metabolome. The results revealed that exposure to waterborne cypermethrin or/and sulfamethoxazole compromised intestinal barrier function and decreased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins. Additionally, heightened levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the intestines and reduced antioxidant levels indicated systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, with more severe effects observed in the combined exposure group. 16S rRNA sequencing of intestinal tissues suggested Firmicutes play a key role in the intestinal microbiota. GC/MS metabolomics of the liver showed more differential metabolites (56) in the co-exposure group compared to cypermethrin (45) or sulfamethoxazole (32) alone, indicating greater toxicological effects with combined exposure. Our analyses also suggest that ATP-binding cassette transporters could serve as a novel endpoint for assessing the risk of pesticide and antibiotic mixtures in grass carp. In summary, this study underscores the potential ecological risks posed by antibiotics and pesticides to aquatic environments and products. It emphasizes the importance of the gut-liver axis as a comprehensive pathway for assessing the toxicity in fish exposed to environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Lulu Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongmin Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yingxue Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
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Ramesh M, Bindu CF, Mohanthi S, Hema T, Poopal RK, Ren Z, Bin L. Efficiency of hematological, enzymological and oxidative stress biomarkers of Cyprinus carpio to an emerging organic compound (alphamethrin) toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104186. [PMID: 37331673 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Alphamethrin is one of the extensively used pyrethroids. Its non-specific mode-of-action might affect the non-target-organisms. Its toxicity data on aquatic organisms are lacking. We determined the toxicity (35 days) of alphamethrin (0.6µg/L and 1.2µg/L) on non-target-organisms by evaluating the efficiency of hematological, enzymological and antioxidants biomarkers of Cyprinus carpio. Compared with the control group, the efficiency of the biomarkers studied was significantly (p<0.05) impaired in the alphamethrin groups. Alphamethrin-toxicity altered hematology, transaminases and the potency of LDH of fish. ACP and ALP activity and biomarkers of oxidative stress in the gills, liver and muscle tissues were affected. IBRv2 index reveals that the biomarkers were inhibited. The observed impairments were the toxicity effects of alphamethrin with respect to concentration and time. The effectiveness of biomarkers for alphamethrin toxicity was like the toxicity data available on other banned insecticides. Alphamethrin could cause multiorgan toxicity on aquatic organisms at µg/L level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathan Ramesh
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China; Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Clara F Bindu
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Sundaram Mohanthi
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Tamilselvan Hema
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Rama-Krishnan Poopal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China; Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Bin
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Shahjahan M, Islam MJ, Hossain MT, Mishu MA, Hasan J, Brown C. Blood biomarkers as diagnostic tools: An overview of climate-driven stress responses in fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156910. [PMID: 35753474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change due to anthropogenic activities affects the dynamics of aquatic communities by altering the adaptive capacities of their inhabitants. Analysis of blood provides valuable insights in the form of a comprehensive representation of the physiological and functional status of fish under various environmental and treatment conditions. This review synthesizes currently available information about blood biomarkers used in climate change induced stress responses in fish. Alterations in informative blood-based indicators are used to monitor the physiological fitness of individual fishes or entire populations. Specific characteristics of fish blood, such as serum and plasma metabolites, cell composition, cellular abnormalities, cellular and antioxidant enzymes necessitate adapted protocols, as well as careful attention to experimental designs and meticulous interpretation of patterns of data. Moreover, the sampling technique, transportation, type of culture system, acclimation procedure, and water quality must all be considered for valid interpretation of hemato-biochemical parameters. Besides, blood collection, handling, and storage time of blood samples can all have significant impacts on the results of a hematological analysis, so it is optimal to perform hemato-biochemical evaluations immediately after blood collection because long-term storage can alter the results of the analyses, at least in part as a result of storage-related degenerative changes that may occur. However, the scarcity of high-throughput sophisticated approaches makes fish blood examination studies promising for climate-driven stress responses in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahjahan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Jakiul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tahmeed Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Moshiul Alam Mishu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Jabed Hasan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Christopher Brown
- FAO-World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, South Korea
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8
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Lakra KC, Mistri A, Banerjee TK, Lal B. Analyses of the health status, risk assessment and recovery response of the nutritionally important catfish Clarias batrachus reared in coal mine effluent-fed pond water: a biochemical, haematological and histopathological investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:47462-47487. [PMID: 35182337 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present field study evaluates the health status of the catfish Clarias batrachus reared in coal mine effluent (CME)-fed pond water at Rajrappa mining complex using biochemical, haematological and histopathological parameters. Simultaneously, risk assessment along with recovery response of the CME intoxicated fish following their treatment with CME-free freshwater was also studied. The CME-fed pond water fish revealed significant decrease in biomolecules concentrations and considerable increase in activities of several enzymes along with metallothionein level as compared to control. The impaired regulation of metabolic function was also revealed by blood parameters showing significant decrease in haemoglobin content (8.78 ± 0.344 g/100 mL) and red blood cells count (1.77 ± 0.12 × 106 mm3) while substantial elevation in white blood cells (187.13 ± 9.78 × 103 mm3). The histopathological study also confirmed the changes including hypertrophy of club cells of skin, swelling of secondary lamella of gills, extensive fibrosis in liver and glomerular shrinkage with increased Bowman's space in kidney. Potential health risk assessments based on estimated daily intake and target hazard quotient indicated health risks associated with the consumption of such fishes. The CME-contaminated fish when transferred to CME-free freshwater exhibited decreased metal content accompanied by eventual recovery response as evident by retrieval in biochemical and haematological parameters. Withdrawal study also revealed restoration in the activity of different marker enzymes in fish tissues including blood as well as recovery in their cellular architecture. The results of the present study validate the depuration process as an effective practice for detoxification of fish contaminated with effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Chhaya Lakra
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arup Mistri
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Banerjee
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bechan Lal
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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9
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Zhou S, Dong J, Liu Y, Yang Q, Xu N, Yang Y, Ai X. Effects of acute deltamethrin exposure on kidney transcriptome and intestinal microbiota in goldfish (Carassius auratus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112716. [PMID: 34478975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin (DM) causes serious health problems to aquatic organisms. However, the comprehensive understanding of the adverse effect of DM on aquatic organisms has received limited attention. In this study, goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to 0 (control group), 0.2 and 2 µg/L DM for 96 h. The kidney transcriptome and intestinal microbiota were investigated. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 270 and 711 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in goldfish kidneys after exposure to 0.2 and 2 µg/L DM, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the apoptosis pathway was markedly regulated and the regulation of programmed cell death was significantly enriched by the GO analysis. Several apoptosis-related genes including cathepsin L and cytochrome c were also detected. These results indicated that apoptosis occurred in the goldfish kidney after acute exposure to sublethal concentration of DM. Besides, some immune and drug metabolism-related DEGs were identified, indicating that exposure to DM caused immunotoxicity and metabolic disruption in goldfish. Additionally, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed a remarkable alteration in the composition of the intestinal microbial community of DM-treated goldfish. At the phylum level, the abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria was increased, whereas the abundance of Bacteroidetes was reduced significantly after DM exposure. At the genus level, the abundance of Aeromonas, Cetobacterium, Dielma and Pseudorhodobacter was reduced, whereas Akkermansia was increased after DM exposure. In summary, exposure to DM could induce apoptosis and immunotoxicity in goldfish kidneys and affect the composition of the intestinal microbiota in goldfish. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the adverse effect of DM exposure on the goldfish and will be helpful for understanding the toxicological mechanisms of DM in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Qiuhong Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan 430223, China.
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10
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Zehra S, Khan MA. Dietary vitamin C requirement based on growth performance, non-specific immune response, antioxidant capacity, and liver vitamin C concentration of fingerling Channa punctatus (Bloch). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Bej S, Ghosh K, Chatterjee A, Saha NC. Assessment of biochemical, hematological and behavioral biomarkers of Cyprinus carpio on exposure to a type-II pyrethroid insecticide Alpha-cypermethrin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103717. [PMID: 34314872 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed some important physiological biomarkers of freshwater edible fish Cyprinus carpio following exposure to 10 % (T1) and 20 % (T2) sublethal concentrations of Alpha-cypermethrin (A-cyp) over a total period of 45 days. Behavioral responses were noticed and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were prepared during acute toxicity study. Total serum protein concentration, total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and total leukocytes count were decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while the blood glucose, total serum lipid concentration, and clotting time were increased significantly (p < 0.05) over control. The most affected fish group and most significantly altered biomarker under toxic stress of A-cyp were identified using integrated biomarker response (IBR). The biomarker response index (BRI) values measured the overall health status of the treated fish and indicated that moderate adverse effects were exerted on the fish group exposed to T2 for 45 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bej
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Sector I, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, 700064 West Bengal, India; Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, 713 104 West Bengal, India; Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Barddhaman, West Bengal, India.
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, 713 104 West Bengal, India.
| | - Arnab Chatterjee
- Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Barddhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Nimai Chandra Saha
- Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Barddhaman, West Bengal, India.
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Khafaga AF, Naiel MAE, Dawood MAO, Abdel-Latif HMR. Dietary Origanum vulgare essential oil attenuates cypermethrin-induced biochemical changes, oxidative stress, histopathological alterations, apoptosis, and reduces DNA damage in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 228:105624. [PMID: 32947072 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the possible protective roles of dietary Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) against cypermethrin (CP)-induced serum biochemical changes and oxidative stress of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Moreover, histopathological alterations, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and DNA damage in the gills and hepatic tissues were also assessed. Briefly, fish were allotted into six groups with three triplicates whereas a group fed on basal diet and did not exposed to CP and served as control (CTR), two groups were fed on diets supplemented with two levels of OVEO (0.5 % and 1.0 %), a group exposed to sub-lethal concentration of CP (1/10 of 96 h-LC50 = 0.4134 μg/L), and two other groups exposed to the same concentration of CP and fed on diets supplemented with both levels of OVEO (CP + 0.5 % OVEO, and CP + 1.0 % OVEO), respectively, for 30 days. CP induced significant elevation of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine levels indicating hepato-renal toxicity (P < 0.05). Besides, there was a significant decrease in serum catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities (P < 0.05). Moreover, CP induced significant histopathologic alterations in gills, anterior kidneys, and hepatic tissues with activation of apoptosis (Caspase-3) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Comet assay demonstrated significant DNA damage in gills and liver tissues of the CP-exposed group. Interestingly, a significant attenuation of serum ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, CAT, and SOD levels (P < 0.05) was noticed in CP-exposed fish and concurrently fed diets supplemented with either 0.5 % or 1.0 % OVEO. Moreover, histopathologic alterations and apoptosis were significantly reduced along with a concomitant significant decrease in DNA damage (P < 0.05) which indicated the mitigation of DNA damage. Conclusively, the study showed that OVEO is an effective counteractive treatment against CP-induced damage in exposed common carp and is recommended during the formulation of fish rations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Behera Province, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A E Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Behera Province, Egypt.
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Bojarski B, Witeska M. Blood biomarkers of herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide toxicity to fish-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19236-19250. [PMID: 32248419 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in the world agriculture, and they may adversely affect non-target organisms, including fish. The present 2000-2019 literature review summarizes hematological and blood biochemical effects of various herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides in fish. The observed changes usually indicate anemia and inflammation, as well as hyperglycemia, hypoproteinemia, increase in cortisol concentration and activities of hepatic aminotransferases that are typical for intoxication and stress. Other changes that are also sometimes observed such as increase in red blood parameters indicate compensatory response. The often-noted symptoms of immunosuppression show an adverse effect of pesticides on immune system and possible immunosuppression. Pathophysiological changes in fish induced by pesticides depend on many factors, such as active compound and its concentration, exposure duration, fish species, environmental conditions, etc. Hematological and blood biochemical parameters appear to be useful biomarkers for evaluation of physiological state of fish exposed to pesticides; however, they are not specific markers of intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bojarski
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Witeska
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Prusa 14, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
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Khalil SR, Elhakim YA, Abd El-Fattah AH, Ragab Farag M, Abd El-Hameed NE, El-Murr AE. Dual immunological and oxidative responses in Oreochromis niloticus fish exposed to lambda cyhalothrin and concurrently fed with Thyme powder (Thymus vulgaris L.): Stress and immune encoding gene expression. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:208-218. [PMID: 32165248 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to explore the immunotoxicological effects of the lambda cyhalothrin (LCH) insecticide and evaluate the efficiency of Thyme powder (TP) as a fish supplement in attenuation of LCH impact on Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) fish. Fish was sampled following 30-days exposure to LCH (1/6 LC50: 0.48 μg/L) and TP (2%) supplementation, individually or in combination. The growth performance, immune status, biochemical indices, and mRNA expression pattern changes of stress and immune-encoding genes in the liver and spleen tissues, respectively, through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, were evaluated. The findings showed that LCH exposure caused a significant lowering in most of the estimated variables including growth performance, hematological and immunological indices. Moreover, LCH disrupted the oxidant/antioxidant status and dysregulated the expression of stress and immune-related genes, downregulating the mRNA transcript level of Immunoglobulin M heavy chain (IgM), Interferon (IFN-γ), CXC-chemokine, and Toll-like receptors (TLR-7) in the spleen. However, mRNA expression of Myxovirus resistance (Mx) gene remained unaffected. In liver tissue, the heat shock protein (HSP-70) expression was upregulated, while that of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP 1A) was downregulated. TP (2%) supplementation elicited a significant modulation in aforementioned indices; however, their levels did not attain that of the control values. Our findings concluded that LCH affects the O. niloticus immune response through the negative transcriptional influence on genes linked to immunity and induction of oxidative injury of the immune organs. Besides, dietary TP (2%) could be a proper candidate to modulate the compromised immunity in response to LCH exposure in O. niloticus aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah R Khalil
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Yasser Abd Elhakim
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Amir H Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mayada Ragab Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | | | - Abd Elhakeem El-Murr
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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15
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Zehra S, Khan MA. Dietary folic acid requirement of fingerling Channa punctatus (Bloch) based on growth, protein productive value and liver folic acid concentrations. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Ullah S, Li Z, Ul Arifeen MZ, Khan SU, Fahad S. Multiple biomarkers based appraisal of deltamethrin induced toxicity in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 214:519-533. [PMID: 30278404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is α-cyano (type II) synthetic pyrethroid. DLM exposure leads to strong neurotoxic effects and a number of complex toxicological syndromes. The current study assessed DLM mediated oxidative stress, behavioral, hematological, histopathological, and biochemical toxic effects on silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Exposure to an acute concentration (2 μg/L) of DLM resulted in different behavioral inconsistencies and a time-dependent significant (P < 0.05) change in the hematology and serum biochemistry of silver carp. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in the activities of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes whereas a significant decrease in total protein contents in the liver, gills, brain, and muscle tissues were observed. DLM exposure increased the activities of metabolic enzymes in the gills, muscles, and liver of silver carp. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in DNA damage in peripheral blood erythrocytes was evident. DLM exposure led to a time-dependent significant (P < 0.05) increase in the whole-body cortisol and blood glucose level, while a significant decrease in acetylcholine esterase activity in the brain, liver, and muscle tissues. Different histopathological changes in the liver, gills, brain, and intestine were observed, however, no significant change in the gross anatomy and morphometric parameters of the fish was observed. The current study provides valuable information for devising better strategies regarding environmental management, chemicals' risk assessment, biodiversity conservation, and monitoring of the aquatic organisms. DLM was concluded to be highly toxic to fish. The extensive use of DLM should be prohibited or allowed under strict environmental laws; otherwise, it might lead to the extermination of the susceptible wildlife, such as commercially very valuable but nearly threatened silver carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China.
| | | | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement, College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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17
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Korkmaz V, Güngördü A, Ozmen M. Comparative evaluation of toxicological effects and recovery patterns in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after exposure to phosalone-based and cypermethrin-based pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 160:265-272. [PMID: 29852429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the toxic effects and recovery patterns in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after exposure to phosalone-based (PBP) and cypermethrin-based (CBP) pesticides. Initially, the 96 h LC50 values of the pesticides were calculated as being 5.35 µg of active ingredient (AI) L-1 for CBP and 217 µg AI L-1 for PBP based on measured concentrations. Accordingly, experimental groups were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of pesticides for 96 h, separately, and then zebrafish were transferred to pesticide-free conditions for 10 and 20 days recovery periods. Biochemical markers were assessed including carboxylesterase (CaE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT, AST) activities after the exposure and recovery periods. Also, the pesticide concentrations in test water were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Our results showed that AChE and CaE activities were significantly inhibited and GST was induced by both pesticides after 96 h exposure. For PBP exposure, the decreases for GST induction and CaE inhibition showed a partial recovery in pesticide-free conditions. However, the decreases in AChE activity for CBP exposure and insufficient increases in same enzyme activity for PBP exposure after 20 days in pesticide-free conditions indicated that the projected recovery period was not enough to the recovery of AChE activities and for the improvement of fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Korkmaz
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Abbas Güngördü
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Murat Ozmen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
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18
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Davico CE, Loteste A, Parma MJ, Poletta G, Simoniello MF. Stress oxidative and genotoxicity in Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) exposed to commercial formulation of insecticide cypermethrin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:79-84. [PMID: 30192683 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1497643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of toxic pesticides has become a world problem because they can contaminate streams and rivers, producing an adverse impact on non-target aquatic biota, including fishes. Cypermethrin is one of the most important insecticides to control ectoparasites in wide-scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of commercial formulations of cypermethrin, SHERPA O (0.0, 0.075, 0.15, and 0.3 µg/L of cypermethrin) in fish Prochilodus lineatus for 96 h in semi-static condition, using biomarkers of genotoxicity: micronucleus frequency (MNF) in erythrocytes and biomarkers of oxidative damage: lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and antioxidant defenses, catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue. Our results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of CAT at pesticide concentrations of 0.150 and 0.300 μg/L, but no significant difference was observed in TBARS or GSH in any exposed group (p > 0.05) in comparison to the control. A significant increase was observed in the MNF in the group exposed to 0.3 μg/L of cypermethrin compared to negative control (p < 0.05). Finally, P. lineatus proved to be a sensitive species to the commercial formulations of cypermethrin and that CAT and MNF are effective indicators of these toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Davico
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A Loteste
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Limnología, CONICET-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M J Parma
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, CONICET-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - G Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
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19
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Stengel D, Wahby S, Braunbeck T. In search of a comprehensible set of endpoints for the routine monitoring of neurotoxicity in vertebrates: sensory perception and nerve transmission in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4066-4084. [PMID: 29022183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop a test battery based on a variety of neurological systems in fish, three sensory systems (vision, olfaction, and lateral line) as well as nerve transmission (acetylcholine esterase) were analyzed in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos with respect to their suitability as a model for the screening of neurotoxic trace substances in aquatic ecosystems. As a selection of known or putative neurotoxic compounds, amidotrizoic acid, caffeine, cypermethrin, dichlorvos, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-nonylphenol, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid were tested in the fish embryo test (OECD test guideline 236) to determine EC10 values, which were then used as maximum test concentration in subsequent neurotoxicity tests. Whereas inhibition of acetylcholinesterase was investigated biochemically both in vivo and in vitro (ex vivo), the sensory organs were studied in vivo by means of fluorescence microscopy and histopathology in 72- or 96-h-old zebrafish embryos, which are not regarded as protected developmental stages in Europe and thus - at least de jure - represent alternative test methods. Various steps of optimization allowed this neurotoxicity battery to identify neurotoxic potentials for five out of the nine compounds: Cypermethrin and dichlorvos could be shown to specifically modulate acetylcholinesterase activity; dichlorvos, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-nonylphenol, and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid led to a degeneration of neuromasts, whereas both vision and olfaction proved quite resistant to concentrations ≤ EC10 of all of the model neurotoxicants tested. Comparison of neurotoxic effects on acetylcholinesterase activity following in vivo and in vitro (ex vivo) exposure to cypermethrin provided hints to a specific enzyme-modulating activity of pyrethroid compounds. Enhancement of the neuromast assay by applying a simultaneous double-staining procedure and implementing a 4-scale scoring system (Stengel et al. 2017) led to reduced variability of results and better statistical resolution and allowed to differentiate location-dependent effects in single neuromasts. Since acetylcholinesterase inhibition and neuromast degeneration can be analyzed in 72- and 96-h-old zebrafish embryos exposed to neurotoxicants according to the standard protocol of the fish embryo toxicity test (OECD TG 236), the fish embryo toxicity test can be enhanced to serve as a sensitive neurotoxicity screening test in non-protected stages of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stengel
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 120, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Wahby
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 120, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 120, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Ullah S, Zuberi A, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Dadar M, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Dhama K, Iqbal HMN. Cypermethrin induced toxicities in fish and adverse health outcomes: Its prevention and control measure adaptation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:863-871. [PMID: 29202434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are being widely employed in the modern agriculture, though in different quantities, across the globe. Although it is useful for crops yield enhancement, however, there are the serious environment, health and safety related concerns for aquatic and terrestrial living biomes that include humans, animals, and plants. Various in practice and emerging pesticides adversely affect the survival, development and biological systems stability. Several research efforts have been made to highlight the bio-safety and toxicological features of toxicants through risk assessment studies using different animal models, e.g., different fish species. Among several pesticides, cypermethrin is extensively used in agriculture and households, and the reported concentrations of this pesticide in different water bodies including rivers and streams, soil and even in rainwater are threatening. Consequently, cypermethrin is considered for risk assessment studies to know about its deep and different level of toxicological effects subject to its dose, exposure time and route. The cypermethrin existence/persistence in the environment is posing a severe threat to humans as well as another non-target terrestrial and aquatic organism. Herein, the toxic effects of pesticides, with special reference to cypermethrin, on fish, the mode of toxicity, concerns regarding public health and harmful impacts on human beings are comprehensively reviewed. The information is also given on their appropriate control and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ullah
- Laboratory of Fisheries, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Amina Zuberi
- Laboratory of Fisheries, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mayada Ragab Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600051, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281001, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L., CP 64849, Mexico.
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21
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Mir ZA, Ali S, Tyagi A, Ali A, Bhat JA, Jaiswal P, Qari HA, Oves M. Degradation and conversion of endosulfan by newly isolated Pseudomonas mendocina ZAM1 strain. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:211. [PMID: 28667651 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosulfan contamination is one of the major concerns of soil ecosystem, which causes detrimental effects not only to humans but also to animals and plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate and identify a novel bacterial strain capable of degrading endosulfan in agriculture contaminated soils. A novel bacterial strain was isolated from the sugarcane field contaminated with endosulfan, and was named as ZAM1 strain. The ZAM1 bacterial strain was further identified as Pseudomonas mendocina based on the biochemical and molecular analysis. 16sRNA sequence analysis of ZAM1 strain shows maximum similarity with known endosulfan-degrading bacteria (Pseudomonas putida), respectively. Enrichment was carried out using the endosulfan as sole sulfur source. The ZAM1 strain was able to use α and β endosulfan as a sole sulfur source. Our results showed that ZAM1 strain degrades endosulfan >64.5% (50 mg/l) after 12 days of incubation. The residues were analyzed by GC-MS analysis and confirmed the formation of metabolites of dieldrin, 2 heptanone, methyl propionate, and endosulfan lactone compounds. Hence, these results indicate that the ZAM1 strain is a promising bacterial source for detoxification of endosulfan residues in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor A Mir
- MSCAS College of Arts and Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sajad Ali
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajaz Ali
- St Xavier's College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Javaid A Bhat
- Department of Genetics, IARI, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Praful Jaiswal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Huda A Qari
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Oves
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Kalita MK, Haloi K, Devi D. Cypermethrin Formulation (Ustad-10 EC) Induces Genotoxicity via Apoptosis, Affects Nutritional Physiology, and Modulates Immune Response in Silkworm Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1010-1024. [PMID: 28369445 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide with high insecticidal activity, low mammalian toxicity, and biodegradability. The present study aimed to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the secondary toxic effects of a commercial formulation of cypermethrin on silkworm Philosamia ricini Hutt of Northeast India. The potential genotoxicity of cypermethrin on silkworm hemocyte was examined by comet assay, caspase activation, and annexin V affinity assay. Alteration in nutritional physiology and histoarchitecture of the gut region was evaluated. Additionally, immunotoxicological effect of cypermethrin was studied by phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme assay, and abundance of circulating hemocytes. The LC50 value at 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-h exposure period was recorded as 185.96, 105.34, 72.42, and 58.41 µg/liter, respectively. Approximately sevenfold increase in mean comet tail length was observed at 24 h posttreatment with sublethal concentrations of cypermethrin. Cypermethrin also induced apoptosis and activated caspase reaction in silkworm hemocytes. Moreover, a significant decrease in digestive enzyme activity was observed at higher concentrations of cypermethrin. In cypermethrin-exposed groups, alteration in histoarchitecture was also observed in the form of ruptured microvilli and thin, deformed, fused mucous layer. The PO enzyme and lysozyme enzyme activity was also altered with sublethal concentration of cypermethrin. Total hemocyte count was reduced to 10587.10, 10052.30, 9234.30, and 8842.60 per mm3 with 10, 20, 30, and 40 µg/liter, respectively. The results offer new insights into the negative consequences of very low concentrations of cypermethrin formulations on nonmulberry silkworm of Northeast India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moni Kankana Kalita
- Seri-Biotech Unit, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati-781035, India (; ; )
| | - Kishor Haloi
- Seri-Biotech Unit, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati-781035, India (; ; )
| | - Dipali Devi
- Seri-Biotech Unit, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati-781035, India ( ; ; )
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Dolci GS, Rosa HZ, Vey LT, Pase CS, Barcelos RCS, Dias VT, Loebens L, Dalla Vecchia P, Bizzi CA, Baldisserotto B, Burger ME. Could hypoxia acclimation cause morphological changes and protect against Mn-induced oxidative injuries in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) even after reoxygenation? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:466-475. [PMID: 28238574 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia has shown beneficial adjustments in different species, including silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen), especially in situations of aquatic contamination with pollutants such as manganese (Mn). Considering that hypoxia is seasonal in the natural aquatic environment, we decided to assess whether these adaptive mechanisms could be maintained when reoxygenation is established. Silver catfish acclimated to moderate hypoxia (∼3 mg L-1, 41% O2 saturation) for 10 days and subsequently exposed to Mn (∼8.1 mg L-1) for additional 10 days displayed lower (47%) Mn accumulation in the gills, and it was maintained (62.6%) after reoxygenation, in comparison to normoxia. Oxidative status in the gills allowed us to observe increased reactive species (RS) generation and protein carbonyl (PC) level together with decreased mitochondrial viability induced by Mn under normoxia. Inversely, while hypoxia per se was beneficial on RS generation and PC level, this acclimation was able to minimize Mn toxicity, as observed by the minor increase of RS generation and the minor reduction of mitochondrial viability, together with decreased PC level. Interestingly, after reoxygenation, part of the protective influences observed during hypoxia against Mn toxicity were maintained, as observed through a lower level of PC and higher mitochondrial viability in relation to the group exposed to Mn under normoxia. Only groups exposed to Mn under hypoxia showed increased activity of both catalase (CAT) and Na+/K+-ATPase in the gills, but, while CAT activity remained increased after reoxygenation, Na+/K+-ATPase activity was decreased by Mn, regardless of the oxygen level. Based on these outcomes, it is possible to propose that environment events of moderate hypoxia are able to generate rearrangements in the gills of silver catfish exposed to Mn, whose influence persists after water reoxygenation. These responses may be related to the adaptive development, reducing Mn toxicity to silver catfish. Moderate hypoxia generates rearrangements in the gills of Silver catfish, exerting beneficial and persistent protection against Mn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Dolci
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - H Z Rosa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - L T Vey
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - C S Pase
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - R C S Barcelos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - V T Dias
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - L Loebens
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - P Dalla Vecchia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - C A Bizzi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - B Baldisserotto
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - M E Burger
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
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Dolci GS, Rosa HZ, Barcelos RCS, Vey LT, Santos A, DallaVechia P, Bizzi C, Cunha MA, Baldisserotto B, Burger ME. Hypoxia acclimation and subsequent reoxygenation partially prevent Mn-induced damage in silver catfish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 191:52-62. [PMID: 27645230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated if hypoxia acclimation modifies the hematological and oxidative profiles in tissues of Mn-exposed silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen), and if such modifications persist upon subsequent reoxygenation. Silver catfish acclimated to hypoxia (~3mgL-1) for 10days and subsequently exposed to Mn (~8.1mgL-1) for additional 10days exhibited lower Mn accumulation in plasma, liver and kidney, even after reoxygenation, as compared to normoxia-acclimated fish. Hypoxia acclimation increased per se red blood cells count and hematocrit, suggesting adaptations under hypoxia, while the reoxygenation process was also related to increased hematocrit and hemoglobin per se. Fish exposed to Mn under normoxia for 20days showed decreased red blood cells count and hematocrit, while reoxygenation subsequent to hypoxia increased red blood cells count. Hypoxia acclimation also prevented Mn-induced oxidative damage, observed by increased reactive species generation and higher protein carbonyl levels in both liver and kidney under normoxia. Mn-exposed fish under hypoxia and after reoxygenation showed decreased plasma transaminases in relation to the normoxia group. Moreover, acclimation to hypoxia increased reduced glutathione levels, catalase activity and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in liver and kidney during Mn exposure, remaining increased even after reoxygenation. These findings show that previous acclimation to hypoxia generates physiological adjustments, which drive coordinated responses that ameliorate the antioxidant status even after reoxygenation. Such responses represent a physiological regulation of this teleost fish against oxygen restriction and/or Mn toxicity in order to preserve the stability of a particular tissue or system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Dolci
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - H Z Rosa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - R C S Barcelos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - L T Vey
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - A Santos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - P DallaVechia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - C Bizzi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - M A Cunha
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - B Baldisserotto
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - M E Burger
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
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Nwani CD, Somdare PO, Ukonze JA, Ejere VC, Nwadinigwe AO, Nwani JC, Odo GE, Ugbor ON. Subchronic Exposure to Fenthion Induces Hematological Changes in Liver Tissue of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2016; 28:229-234. [PMID: 27764572 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2016.1194907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, African Catfish (also known as Sharptooth Catfish) Clarias gariepinus were exposed to sublethal concentrations of fenthion of 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/L for 21 d and allowed to recover for 7 d to investigate the potential for hematological changes. Whole blood was sampled on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 postexposure and after a 7-d recovery period. During exposure, fenthion caused a reduction in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume. There was an increase in white blood cell counts but no significant difference in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Both increases and decreases were observed in white blood cell differentials. After the 7-d recovery period, both increases and decreases were observed in the hematological parameters. These results reveal that sublethal concentrations of fenthion can cause hematological alterations in African Catfish and that the substance should be used with caution. Received October 20, 2015; accepted May 4, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peace Onas Somdare
- b Department of Biological Science , Federal University , Lokoja , Nigeria
| | | | - Vincent Chikwendu Ejere
- a Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria
| | - Alfreda O Nwadinigwe
- d Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria
| | - Jacinta Chinedu Nwani
- e Department of Crop Science and Landscape Management , Ebonyi State University , Abakaliki , Nigeria
| | - Gregory Ejike Odo
- a Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria
| | - Ogechi Nnabuchi Ugbor
- a Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria
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Abdel-Ghany R, Mohammed E, Anis S, Barakat W. Impact of Exposure to Fenitrothion on Vital Organs in Rats. J Toxicol 2016; 2016:5609734. [PMID: 27974891 PMCID: PMC5128718 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5609734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the impact of oral administration of fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) on liver, kidney, brain, and lung function in rats. The effect was studied on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42. Our results have shown deterioration in liver function as evidenced by the elevation in serum ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin and reduction in albumin and hepatic glycogen. This was associated with a state of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and increased prothrombin time, while hemoglobin content was reduced. In addition, the kidney function was reduced as indicated by the elevation in serum creatinine, uric acid, and BUN, while the serum levels of magnesium, potassium, and sodium were reduced. This study also showed an impairment in brain neurotransmitter (elevated 5-HT, glutamate, GABA, and reduced dopamine and norepinephrine level). This was associated with a reduction in the barrier capacity in brain and lung. Fenitrothion also caused a decrease in cholinesterase activity in serum, lung, and brain activity associated with a state of oxidative stress in all tested organs and hyperammonemia. These results support the hazards of pesticide use and shows the importance of minimizing pesticide use or discovering new safe pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ebaa Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Anis
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Waleed Barakat
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Lu J, Lu H, Cao G. Hematological and Histological Changes in Prussian Carp Carassius gibelio Infected with Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2016; 28:150-160. [PMID: 27484729 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2016.1173602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) disease, also known as herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis, among cultured Prussian Carp Carassius gibelio has occurred each year in Jiangsu province, China, since 2009. In autumn 2014, hematological, blood biochemical, and histological changes in naturally infected moribund Prussian Carp were investigated after CyHV-2 was confirmed as the sole etiologic agent by etiological analyses. Total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and thrombocyte count were significantly reduced (P < 0.01), whereas erythrocyte osmotic brittleness was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in infected fish compared with control fish. In addition, monocyte count was higher (P < 0.01) and lymphocyte count was lower (P < 0.01) in diseased fish than in control fish. The blood biochemical analyses indicated significant increases (P < 0.01) in the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase as well as in the levels of total protein, globulin, total bilirubin, creatinine, and urea along with significant decreases (P < 0.01) in glucose and albumin in the diseased group. Histopathological examinations indicated that the kidneys and spleens of moribund Prussian Carp were the most severely lesioned organs, followed by the gills and hearts. Hypertrophied nuclei with marginated chromatin also appeared in the hearts and renal tubular epithelia from diseased fish. Pathological analysis of blood cells showed that approximately 78% of erythrocytes and 94% of leukocytes were lesioned with different levels of degeneration and necrosis in the diseased group. These previously unreported observations may be useful in the diagnosis of CyHV-2 disease. Received May 11, 2015; accepted March 24, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- a College of Fisheries and Life Science , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Hongda Lu
- a College of Fisheries and Life Science , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Genping Cao
- a College of Fisheries and Life Science , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , China
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Sapana Devi M, Gupta A. Sublethal toxicity of commercial formulations of deltamethrin and permethrin on selected biochemical constituents and enzyme activities in liver and muscle tissues of Anabas testudineus. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 115:48-52. [PMID: 25307465 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater fish Anabas testudineus was exposed for 21 days to two commercial formulations of synthetic pyrethroids deltamethrin and permethrin at sublethal concentrations of 0.007 and 0.0007 mg L(-1), and 0.093 and 0.0093 mg L(-1), that represented 10% and 1%, respectively, of the 96 h LC50 of these two pesticides for this fish. The glycogen, protein and lactic acid contents, along with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activities in liver and muscle tissues of control and pesticide-exposed fish were estimated. When compared with those of control fish, significant depletion of glycogen content was observed in liver, and that of protein in muscle tissue of fish treated with both the pesticides at their higher as well as lower concentrations. Lactic acid reduction was significant only in fish muscle treated with deltamethrin. SDH level was reduced significantly in both liver and muscle tissues except in fish exposed to 0.0093 mg L(-1) permethrin. AST level was reduced significantly in liver and muscle tissues and ALT in muscle tissue of deltamethrin treated fish only. It is concluded that deltamethrin, a type-II pyrethroid, is more toxic to fish than the type-I pyrethroid permethrin and is capable of rendering toxicity at a dose as low as 1% of its LC50 value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisnam Sapana Devi
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Abhik Gupta
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India.
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Nwani CD, Ifo CT, Nwamba HO, Ejere VC, Onyishi GC, Oluah SN, Ikwuagwu OE, Odo GE. Oxidative stress and biochemical responses in the tissues of African catfish Clarias gariepinus juvenile following exposure to primextra herbicide. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:278-85. [PMID: 25116447 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.947503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Primextra is a commercial herbicide formulation generally used in agriculture for weed control. The present study was designed to investigate the oxidative stress biomarkers and biochemical responses in the tissues of Clarias gariepinus juvenile exposed to primextra. Fish were exposed to 0.24 and 0.47 mgL(-1) corresponding to 1/20 and 1/10th of 96 h LC50 of the herbicide. The liver and muscle tissues were sampled on day 1, 5, 10 and 15 and results showed concentration and time dependent significant increase (p < 0.05) in the values of lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and alkaline phosphatase in both tissues. A marked significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in the values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and glucose in the liver while a mixed trend in their values were observed in the muscle. The values of superoxide dismutase and protein in both tissues were comparable to the control except on day 15 in the liver where the values significantly declined. The condition factor was not directly affected but values of hepatosomatic index were significantly reduced. The present findings revealed that primextra induced toxic stress even at sublethal concentrations resulting in alterations of the studied parameters which were more evident in the fish liver than in the muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Didigwu Nwani
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka , Nigeria
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Nitayapat N, Chitprasert P. Characterisation of FOGs in grease trap waste from the processing of chickens in Thailand. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:1012-1017. [PMID: 24095036 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Industrial firms that kill and process chickens generate wastewater that contains fat, oil, and grease (FOG). The FOGs are located in the fatty waste that is collected by floatation in grease traps. Chemical and physical characterisation of FOGs would provide useful information that would help in the development of methods designed to decrease the extent of pollution caused by disposal of the waste and to utilise commercially some of its lipid constituents. Employing these methods would enhance the profitability and competitive potential of these commercial organisations. Samples of grease trap waste from 14 firms in central Thailand have been examined. Due to the very different schemes of waste management employed by these firms, the physical appearance of their fatty wastes showed considerable variation. The chemical and physical properties of the FOGs present in these wastes showed considerable variation also. Large amounts of free fatty acids (10-70% as oleic acid) were detected in most of the 14 wastes and palmitic, cis-9-oleic, cis,cis-9,12-linoleic, stearic, and palmitoleic acids were the predominant species of free and esterified acids. Most of the FOGs were solid at temperatures below 40 °C. Many of them contained traces of heavy metals (Cu and Pb) and some contained traces of the pesticides dimethoate and cypermethrin. The content of these potentially hazardous substances would have to be considered very carefully before discarding the fatty wastes and during the development of methods designed to isolate their potentially profitable lipid constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttakan Nitayapat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Pakamon Chitprasert
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Biomarkers of type II synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in freshwater fish. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:928063. [PMID: 24868555 PMCID: PMC4017726 DOI: 10.1155/2014/928063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type II synthetic pyrethroids contain an alpha-cyano group which renders them more neurotoxic than their noncyano type I counterparts. A wide array of biomarkers have been employed to delineate the toxic responses of freshwater fish to various type II synthetic pyrethroids. These include hematological, enzymatic, cytological, genetic, omic and other types of biomarkers. This review puts together the applications of different biomarkers in freshwater fish species in response to the toxicity of the major type II pyrethroid pesticides and assesses their present status, while speculating on the possible future directions.
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