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Gunathilaka BE, Jeong SM, Kim KW, Lee S, Hur SW, You SG, Lee SM. Evaluation of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid and Sodium Butyrate in Juvenile Red Seabream ( Pagrus major) Diets Containing Graded Levels of Fish Meal and Soy Protein Concentrate. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1973. [PMID: 38998085 PMCID: PMC11240378 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the supplementary effects of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and sodium butyrate (SB) when a graded level of fish meal (FM) was replaced with soy protein concentrate (SPC) in diets for juvenile red seabream (Pagrus major). A control diet was designed to contain 60% FM (F60). Two other diets were formulated by reducing FM levels to 40% and 20% with SPC (F40 and F20). Six more diets were formulated by adding 0.02% GABA or 0.2% SB to each F60, F40 and F20 diets (F60G, F60S, F40G, F40S, F20G and F20S). Each diet was randomly assigned to a triplicate group of fish (5.52 g/fish) and provided for eight weeks. Final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed F60G, F60S, F40G and F40S diets were comparable and significantly higher (p < 0.05) than other groups. The growth of fish fed SB-containing diets was significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to fish fed the respective control diets. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the fish fed all diets containing 60% and 40% FM compared to F20 and F20G groups. The F40S diet resulted in the highest feed utilization values. The F20S group exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) feed utilization than the F20 and F20G groups. Serum lysozyme activity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fish fed the GABA- and SB-containing diets compared to the F20 group. The F60S group exhibited the highest lysozyme activity which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the F20 and F40 groups. Therefore, the growth performance, feed utilization and innate immunity of red seabream can be enhanced by dietary supplementation with GABA or SB in low-FM diets containing SPC. The FM level in the juvenile red seabream diet can be reduced to 40% with SPC and GABA or SB while maintaining performance better than a diet containing 60% FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhi E. Gunathilaka
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong-Mok Jeong
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.J.)
| | - Kang-Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.J.)
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.J.)
| | - Sang-Woo Hur
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.J.)
| | - Sang-Guan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;
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Hou D, Li M, Li P, Chen B, Huang W, Guo H, Cao J, Zhao H. Effects of sodium butyrate on growth performance, antioxidant status, inflammatory response and resistance to hypoxic stress in juvenile largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1265963. [PMID: 38022555 PMCID: PMC10656595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, inflammatory factors, and hypoxic stress in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Diets were supplemented with different doses of SB at 0 (SB0), 0.5 (SB1), 1.0 (SB2) and 2.0 (SB3) g/kg. The hypoxic stress experiment was performed after 56 days of culture. The results showed that compared with the SB0 group, the final body weight, weight gain rate and protein deposition rate of the SB3 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while FCR was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The contents of dry matter, crude lipids, and ash in the SB2 group were significantly higher than those in the SB0 group (P<0.05). The urea level was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the glucose content was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the SB supplement group. Compared with the SB0 group, the SB2 group had significant reductions in the levels of serum triglyceride, cholesterol, elevated-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (P<0.05), and significant reductions in the levels of liver alkaline phosphatase and malondialdehyde (P<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity of the SB1 group was higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). Compared with the SB0 group, the mRNA expression of TLR22, MyD88, TGF-β1, IL-1β and IL-8 in the SB2 group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The cumulative mortality rate was significantly decreased in the SB2 and SB3 groups in comparison with that in the SB0 group after three hours of hypoxic stress (P<0.05). In a 56-day feeding trial, SB enhanced largemouth bass growth by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibiting TLR22-MyD88 signaling, therefore increasing cumulative mortality from hypoxic stress in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqiang Hou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Min Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Peijia Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junming Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Mohammadian T, Momeni H, Kazemi M, Mesbah M, Abedini M, Zare M, Khosravi M, Osroosh E. Eubiotic Effect of a Dietary Bio-Aqua ® and Sodium Diformate (NaDF) on Salmo trutta caspius: Innate Immune System, Biochemical Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Expression of Immunological and Growth-Related Genes. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1342-1354. [PMID: 36074297 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of combined and singular oral administration of Bio-Aqua® with different dosages of sodium diformate (NaDF) on biochemical indices, innate immune responses, antioxidant effects, and expressions of immunological related genes of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Fingerlings Salmo trutta caspius (n = 1800; initial weight 15 ± 3 g) were randomly allocated into five groups (120 fish group-1 in triplicates). Control diet: without any addition, G1, G2, G3, and G4 received diets containing 0.2 g kg-1 commercial probiotic Bio-Aqua® combined with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% NaDF to the basal diet for 60 days according to recommended dosages reported in previous studies. Results indicated that serum bactericidal activity (G3 on day 60 and G1 on day 30) and classic complement in all groups (on day 60) (G1 and G2 on day 30) were significantly elevated (P < 0.05). The serum lysozyme, glucose, globulin, and albumin levels showed no significant differences between all groups compared to the control group (P > 0.05). On days 30 and 60 of the sampling, no significant difference was observed in the amount of superoxide disotase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) between the treatments (P > 0.05) but activity of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in G1 than the control (P < 0.05). The expression of the immune-regulating genes IL-10, IL-1β, GTP, FATP, and IGF was significantly improved in all probiotic + acidifier-treated groups (P < 0.05). The current findings showed that mixture of Bio-Aqua® and NaDF (1.5% + pro) is beneficial, as it effectively improves some immune parameters and expression of immunological and growth-related genes in Caspian brown trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takavar Mohammadian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Member of Excellence Center of Warm Water Fish Health, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hossien Momeni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid, Ph.D Student Aquatic Health, Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kazemi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid, Ph.D Student Aquatic Health, Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Mesbah
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Member of Excellence Center of Warm Water Fish Health, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Melika Abedini
- DVM, Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zare
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid, Ph.D Student Aquatic Health, Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khosravi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Osroosh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid, Ph.D Student Aquatic Health, Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Natnan ME, Low CF, Chong CM, Bunawan H, Baharum SN. Oleic acid as potential immunostimulant in metabolism pathways of hybrid grouper fingerlings (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) infected with Vibrio vulnificus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12830. [PMID: 37553472 PMCID: PMC10409752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Grouper culture has been expanding in Malaysia due to the huge demand locally and globally. However, due to infectious diseases such as vibriosis, the fish mortality rate increased, which has affected the production of grouper. Therefore, this study focuses on the metabolic profiling of surviving infected grouper fed with different formulations of fatty acid diets that acted as immunostimulants for the fish to achieve desirable growth and health performance. After a six-week feeding trial and one-week post-bacterial challenge, the surviving infected grouper was sampled for GC-MS analysis. For metabolite extraction, a methanol/chloroform/water (2:2:1.8) extraction method was applied to the immune organs (spleen and liver) of surviving infected grouper. The distribution patterns of metabolites between experimental groups were then analyzed using a metabolomics platform. A total of 50 and 81 metabolites were putatively identified from the spleen and liver samples, respectively. Our further analysis identified glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism had the most impacted pathways, respectively, in spleen and liver samples from surviving infected grouper. The metabolites that were highly abundant in the spleen found in these pathways were glycine (20.9%), l-threonine (1.0%) and l-serine (0.8%). Meanwhile, in the liver l-glutamine (1.8%) and aspartic acid (0.6%) were found to be highly abundant. Interestingly, among the fish diet groups, grouper fed with oleic acid diet produced more metabolites with a higher percent area compared to the control diets. The results obtained from this study elucidate the use of oleic acid as an immunostimulant in fish feed formulation affects more various immune-related metabolites than other formulated feed diets for vibriosis infected grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Erna Natnan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chen-Fei Low
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chou-Min Chong
- Laboratory of Immunogenomics, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Hoseini SM, Yousefi M, Afzali-Kordmahalleh A, Pagheh E, Taheri Mirghaed A. Effects of Dietary Lactic Acid Supplementation on the Activity of Digestive and Antioxidant Enzymes, Gene Expressions, and Bacterial Communities in the Intestine of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1934. [PMID: 37370444 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary lactic acid (LA) supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal digestive/antioxidant enzymes' activities, gene expression, and bacterial communities in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Four diets were formulated to contain 0 g/kg LA (control), at 2.5 g/kg LA (2.5LAC), 5 g/kg LA (5LAC), and 10 g/kg LA (10LAC) and offered to the fish over a period of 56 days. The results showed that dietary 5 g/kg LA supplementation improved growth performance and feed efficiency in the fish. All LA treatments exhibited significant elevations in the intestinal trypsin and chymotrypsin activities, whereas the intestinal lipase, amylase, and alkaline phosphatase activities exhibited significant elevations in the 5LAC and 10LAC treatments. All LA treatments exhibited significant elevations in the intestinal heat shock protein 70, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and defensin gene expressions, and the highest expression was observed in the 5LAC treatment. Additionally, dietary LA treatment significantly increased the lysozyme expression and Lactobacillus sp. population in the intestine of the fish, and the highest values were observed in the 5LAC and 10LAC treatments. Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. populations decreased in the LA treatments, and the lowest Aeromonas sp. population was observed in the 10LAC treatment. The intestinal mucin2 and mucin5 expressions, and the hepatic reduced glutathione content, significantly increased, whereas hepatic glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and malondialdehyde significantly decreased in the 5LAC and 10LAC treatments. In conclusion, dietary 5 g/kg LA is recommended for common carp feeding to improve growth rate, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan 4915677555, Iran
| | - Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alireza Afzali-Kordmahalleh
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Pagheh
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan 4915677555, Iran
| | - Ali Taheri Mirghaed
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
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Sidiq MJ, Jayaraj EG, Rathore SS, Bhat RAH, Mamun MAA, Khandagale AS. Ameliorative role of dietary acidifier potassium formate on growth metrics, blood chemistry, gut health and well-being indices of rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:19-37. [PMID: 36759400 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic acids and their derivatives have been attributed to growth and well-being improvement in fish when supplemented in their diets. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative role of potassium formate (PF) in rohu Labeo rohita fingerlings. A total of 240 healthy rohu fingerlings (9.0 ± 0.5 g ± SE) were randomly divided into four equal groups in triplicates. Fish were fed with isonitrogenous feeds: PF10 (10 g PF/kg), PF20 (20 g PF/kg) and PF30 (30 g PF/kg). Feed without PF supplementation served as control. The results indicated that the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in PF10. Total serum globulin content was found significantly (p<0.05) elevated in PF10 after the bacterial challenge. Non-specific lysozyme activity was significantly higher (p<0.05) after the challenge. The digestive protease enzyme activity was significantly (p<0.05) improved in PF10 treatment. Additionally, the digestive morphology of the treated fish was seen to be improved. Greater villus area, increased villus number, reduced lumen space in the hindgut, reduced vacuolation in mucosal folds and proliferation of goblet cells-like changes were observed in the PF-supplemented fish. Significantly (p<0.05), a higher relative percentage of survival (RPS) was observed in PF10 and PF20 treatments. The study revealed that the dietary supplementation of rohu fingerlings with lower levels of potassium formate could enhance the nutritional efficiency and physiological activities of rohu fingerlings. This study serves as a baseline for future research on the application of formic acid derivatives and other acidifiers in carp culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Junaid Sidiq
- Department of Aquaculture, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai-400061, India
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575002, India
| | - E G Jayaraj
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575002, India
| | - Sanjay Singh Rathore
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575002, India.
| | | | - Muhammad Abdullah-Al Mamun
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575002, India
| | - Ajay S Khandagale
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575002, India
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Natnan ME, Low CF, Chong CM, Daud NINAA, Om AD, Baharum SN. Comparison of Different Dietary Fatty Acids Supplement on the Immune Response of Hybrid Grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) Challenged with Vibrio vulnificus. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091288. [PMID: 36138767 PMCID: PMC9495948 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture has been expanding in Malaysia due to the increased demand for fish products. In addition, aquaculture faces challenges in maintaining feed suitability in support of the global growth of fish production. Therefore, improvements in diet formulation are necessary to achieve the optimal requirements and attain a desirable growth efficiency and health performance in fish. Seven weeks of study were conducted to compare the equal amounts of different fatty acids (2%) (oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, and behenic acid) on the survival, the growth, and the immune response of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) against V. vulnificus. After six weeks of the feeding trial, fish were challenged with V. vulnificus for 30 min before continuing on the same feeding regime for the next seven days (post-bacterial challenge). Fish supplemented with dietary oleic acid showed significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced immune responses, i.e., lysozyme, respiratory burst, and phagocytic activities compared to the control diet group for both pre-and post-bacterial challenges. Following the Vibrio challenge, no significant effects of supplemented fatty acid diets on survival rate were observed, although dietary oleic acid demonstrated the highest 63.3% survival rate compared to only 43.3% of the control diet group. In addition, there were no significant effects (p > 0.05) on specific growth rate (SGR), white blood cell (WBC), and red blood cell (RBC) counts among all experimental diets. The results from this study suggest that among the tested dietary fatty acids, the oleic acid diet showed promising results in the form of elevated immune responses and increased disease resistance of the hybrid grouper fingerlings challenged with V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Erna Natnan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Chen Fei Low
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Chou Min Chong
- Aquaculture Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmad Daud Om
- Marine Fish Aquaculture Research Division, Fisheries Research Institute Tanjung Demong, Besut 22200, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Fang L, Chen X, Shan X, Qiu L, Fan L, Meng S, Song C. Antibiotic accumulation, growth performance, intestinal diversification, and function of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed by diets supplemented with different doses of sulfamethoxazole. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65255-65264. [PMID: 34231147 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To comprehensively investigate the effects of exposure to legal doses of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), fishes were exposed to diets supplemented with different doses of SMZ (NS, normal feed; LS, 20 mg/kg·day; MS, 200 mg/kg·day; and HS, 1000 mg/kg·day) for 4 weeks and then fed with normal feed for 4 weeks. General SMZ accumulation, growth performance, intestinal short-chain fatty acids, intestinal flora diversity, composition, and function were systemically evaluated. Results indicated that the SMZ accumulation in O. niloticus muscles, intestinal contents, and aquaculture environment positively correlated to the exposure dose. The growth performance, measured by weight increase, was MS>LS>NS, while HS antibiotics retarded the growth. SMZ-exposed O. niloticus had an increased number of fat particles in the liver and a change in the content of intestinal SCFAs. Moreover, SMZ exposure changed the biological diversity of the intestinal flora and subsequently induced microbiota dysbiosis, primarily inhibiting the growth of Fusobacteria, especially in HS group. Overall, exposure to higher SMZ doses than the recommended ones impair general intestinal functions and provokes health risk in fish. This study highlights the importance of rational and regulated use of SMZ in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxiang Fang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100141, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, PR China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbao Shan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Qiu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100141, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Fan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100141, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunlong Meng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, PR China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100141, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Song
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, PR China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100141, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
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Ahmad B, Hussain SM, Ali S, Arsalan MZUH, Tabassum S, Sharif A. Efficacy of acidified phytase supplemented cottonseed meal based diets on growth performance and proximate composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e247791. [PMID: 34431918 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of aquaculture sector is strongly dependent upon the continuous supply of inexpensive fish feed with balanced nutritional profile. However, fish meal (FM) is unable to satisfy this demand due to its scarce supply and high cost. In order to test the potential of cottonseed meal (CSM) as a fish meal replacer, a feeding trial of 12 weeks was conducted to check growth performance and proximate composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. The protein ration of the test feed was satisfied by replacing FM with CSM at 0, 25, 50 and 75%. Sixteen test diets viz., TD1 (control), TD2, TD3, TD4, TD5, TD6, TD7, TD8, TD9, TD10, TD11, TD12, TD13, TD14, TD15 and TD16 were supplemented with citric acid (CA; 0 and 2.5%) and phytase (PHY; 0 and 750 FTU/kg) in a completely randomized design with 3×3 factorial arrangement. The highest weight gain (11.03g), weight gain% (249.21%), specific growth rate (1.39) and best feed conversion ratio (1.20) were recorded by fish fed with TD12. Furthermore, the same level increased the crude protein (59.26%) and fat (16.04%) being significantly different (p<0.05) than that of control. Conclusively, the addition of acidified phytase (CA; 2.5%, PHY; 750 FTU/kg) in TD12 (CSM=50%) led to the improved growth and proximate composition of L. rohita fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ahmad
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Fish Nutrition Lab, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S M Hussain
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Fish Nutrition Lab, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- Government College University, Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,China Medical University, Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M Zubair-Ul-Hassan Arsalan
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Fish Nutrition Lab, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Tabassum
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Fish Nutrition Lab, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Sharif
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Fish Nutrition Lab, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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10
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Fadel AH, Kamarudin MS, Romano N, Ebrahimi M, Saad CR, Samsudin AA. Pre-treating carob seed germ meal enhanced digestibility, growth performance and feed utilisation in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Zhao H, Wang G, Wang H, Mo W, Huang Y, Cao J, Li P. Effects of dietary sodium butyrate on growth, digestive enzymes, body composition and nutrient retention-related gene expression of juvenile yellow catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:539-547. [PMID: 34258443 PMCID: PMC8245809 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth, digestive enzymes, body composition and nutrient retention-related gene expression of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (420 g/kg protein and 90 g/kg lipid) were formulated to contain 0 (control), 250, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg SB. Triplicate groups of 40 fish (BW = 1.26 ± 0.01 g) per tank (300-L cylindrical fiberglass tanks) for each diet were fed to apparent satiation twice daily. Stomach, hepatopancreas and intestine samples were obtained for digestive enzymes activities analyses. A real-time quantitative PCR analysis was performed to determine the relative expression of target of rapamycin (TOR) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the hepatopancreas and intestine. Fish fed the diets supplemented with SB at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg showed significantly higher specific growth rate and significantly lower feed conversion ratio compared to the control (P < 0.05). Dietary SB inclusion did not alter activities of intestinal amylase, creatine kinase and sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase), but increased activities of hepatic trypsin, stomachic lipase, intestinal lipase, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase for fish fed 1,000 mg/kg SB compared to the control (P < 0.05). Intestine length index, intestine somatic index, fold height and muscular thickness of distal intestine were significantly higher in 1,000 mg/kg SB groups compared to the control (P < 0.05). Significantly higher levels of whole-body crude protein, ash, calcium, phosphorus, nutrition retention and relative mRNA of intestinal TOR were observed in 1,000 mg/kg SB group (P < 0.05). Whole-body lipid content and hepatopancreas LPL mRNA expression in 2,000 mg/kg SB group were significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05). Relative mRNA levels of intestinal LPL and hepatopancreas TOR were significantly higher in the 500 mg/kg SB group compared to those in other groups (P < 0.05). The increased growth performance, digestive enzymes and nutrient retention in fish fed the diets supplemented with SB at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg suggests that SB can be a desirable growth promoter as an antibiotic alternative in diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guoxia Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenyan Mo
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junming Cao
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Peijia Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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12
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Cholan PM, Han A, Woodie BR, Watchon M, Kurz AR, Laird AS, Britton WJ, Ye L, Holmes ZC, McCann JR, David LA, Rawls JF, Oehlers SH. Conserved anti-inflammatory effects and sensing of butyrate in zebrafish. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-11. [PMID: 33064972 PMCID: PMC7575005 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1824563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by microbial fermentation of dietary fiber in the gut. Butyrate is a particularly important SCFA with anti-inflammatory properties and is generally present at lower levels in inflammatory diseases associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in mammals. We aimed to determine if SCFAs are produced by the zebrafish microbiome and if SCFAs exert conserved effects on zebrafish immunity as an example of the non-mammalian vertebrate immune system. We demonstrate that bacterial communities from adult zebrafish intestines synthesize all three main SCFA in vitro, although SCFA were below our detectable limits in zebrafish intestines in vivo. Immersion in butyrate, but not acetate or propionate, reduced the recruitment of neutrophils and M1-type pro-inflammatory macrophages to wounds. We found conservation of butyrate sensing by neutrophils via orthologs of the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (hcar1) gene. Neutrophils from Hcar1-depleted embryos were no longer responsive to the anti-inflammatory effects of butyrate, while macrophage sensitivity to butyrate was independent of Hcar1. Our data demonstrate conservation of anti-inflammatory butyrate effects and identify the presence of a conserved molecular receptor in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Manuneedhi Cholan
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney , Camperdown, Australia
| | - Alvin Han
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brad R Woodie
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney , Camperdown, Australia.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maxinne Watchon
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University , Macquarie Park, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , Camperdown, Australia
| | - Angela Rm Kurz
- Centenary Imaging and Sydney Cytometry at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney , Camperdown, Australia
| | - Angela S Laird
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University , Macquarie Park, Australia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney , Camperdown, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, And Marie Bashir Institute , Camperdown, Australia.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Camperdown, Australia
| | - Lihua Ye
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary C Holmes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica R McCann
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence A David
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC, USA
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stefan H Oehlers
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney , Camperdown, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, And Marie Bashir Institute , Camperdown, Australia
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13
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Ayiku S, Shen J, Tan BP, Dong XH, Liu HY. Effects of reducing dietary fishmeal with yeast supplementations on Litopenaeus vannamei growth, immune response and disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi. Microbiol Res 2020; 239:126554. [PMID: 32683217 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of reducing dietary fishmeal (FM) with yeast culture (SYC) supplementation on growth, immune response, intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology, and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. A total of 480 shrimps with an average initial body weight of 0.35 ± 0.002 g were randomly distributed into twelve tanks. Three isonitrogenous (40.00 crude protein) and isolipidic (8.00 crude lipids) diets with yeast culture supplementing fishmeal were formulated. The groups were divided into two (2) namely control group and experimental groups. The formulations of the groups were control (0 %, without yeast culture) and the experiment groups (SYC) [(1 % of yeast culture), and (2 % of yeast culture)]. Each diet was delivered in four replicate per treatment group. The results indicate significant improvement on the growth indices (specific growth rate, weight gain rate, survival rate and lower feed conversion ratio) with yeast culture treatment group after 56 days feeding trials (P < 0.05). Total hemolymph protein, superoxide dismutase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme and phenoxidase were enhanced but low aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glucose were observed in shrimp fed yeast culture diets (P < 0.05). The SYC groups showed insignificant differences in hemolymph cholesterol and triglyceride. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria found in all the SYC groups. At the genus level, Vibrio was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in 2 % yeast culture diets supplemented group whereas the beneficial bacteria Pseudoalteromonas was significantly enhanced. Moreover, intestinal villus length and width in shrimps fed yeast culture diets were improved (P < 0.05). Dietary yeast culture supplementation can improve growth, intestinal health, immune response, and resistance against Vibrio harveyi infections in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ayiku
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianfei Shen
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bei-Ping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, China.
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14
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Tran NT, Tang Y, Li Z, Zhang M, Wen X, Ma H, Li S. Galactooligosaccharides and Resistant Starch Altered Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in an in vitro Fermentation Study Using Gut Contents of Mud Crab ( Scylla paramamosain). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1352. [PMID: 32695078 PMCID: PMC7338486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary carbohydrates are anaerobically fermented by gut microbiota to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), conferring gut health benefits. Of all tested prebiotics, galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and resistant starch (RS) stimulated the SCFA production in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain), a crustacean model, to a greater extent than the other carbohydrates tested. Using in vitro anaerobic fermentation cultures, this study further explored the prebiotic potential of GOS and RS in mud crab by assessing their impacts on gut microbiota changes and SCFA production. Both GOS and RS significantly promoted SCFA production. Bacterial diversity in the GOS group was lower than in the RS or control group. GOS promoted the growth of Bacteroidetes, while RS promoted Tenericutes. A strong positive correlation was found between SCFA production and bacterial abundance; most bacteria per se correlated with each other. The findings demonstrated the prebiotic potential of GOS and RS in mud crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhongzhen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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15
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Zhou Z, Jian X, Zhou B, Lu K, Wang Y. Changes in the immune function of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) provide insights into strategies against BDE-47 stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122212. [PMID: 32078968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous in marine ecosystems and have been suggested to bioaccumulate in aquatic food webs, with potentially negative impacts on marine organism. In this study, a 21-day experiment was performed under controlled laboratory conditions, in which 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), the most biotoxic PBDE in the marine environment, was fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at concentrations of 50 and 500 ng g-1 in the diet. BDE-47 significantly decreased the specific growth rate of O. mykiss and was highly concentrated in the liver and head kidney, as evidenced by increased bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values. Tissue observation revealed impairment of the microstructure of the head kidney. Important immune factors in the skin, blood and head kidney were significantly inhibited by BDE-47 treatment (p < 0.05), whereas the respiratory burst activity of macrophages was enhanced. Additionally, immune-related genes were strongly downregulated following BDE-47 exposure (p < 0.05). In a bacterial challenge, the treatment groups had much higher mortality than did the control group (p < 0.05). BDE-47 accumulated and impaired immune organs, and the hierarchy of immune responses was impaired, consequently reducing O. mykiss resistance to pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Zhou
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoyang Jian
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Centre, State Oceanic Administration, Fushun Road 22, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Keyu Lu
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - You Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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16
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do Carmo Ota E, Honorato CA, Heredia-Vieira SC, Flores-Quintana CI, de Castro Silva TS, Inoue LAKA, Cardoso CAL. Hepatic and gastroprotective activity of Serjania marginata leaf aqueous extract in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1051-1065. [PMID: 31089991 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the leaf aqueous extract composition of Serjania marginata and the effects of its inclusion on the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), with respect to the activity of digestive enzymes and enzymes associated with the metabolism of the liver and intestine and liver histopathology. Fish (initial mean weight, 54.36 ± 17.04 g) were divided into groups: fasting (without feeding), control (commercial feed), and treatment (commercial feed with leaf aqueous extract of Serjania marginata), and in each aquarium, there were five individuals and the fish fed ad libitum for 15 days. Treatment fish had ingested on average 224.3 mg of extract/kg of fish/day. In the extract analysis by mass spectrometry, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, A-type proanthocyanidin trimer, and quinic acid were identified. In the enzymatic activity, fish from the treatment group showed higher level of alkaline phosphatase, while the hepatotoxic markers (AST and ALT) and levels of lipase, amylase, and nonspecific protease did not differ (p > 0.05). In liver histopathological analysis, it was observed that fish from the treatment showed normal structure, while abnormalities were associated with control (fibrosis, loss of cordonal architecture, vacuolated hepatocytes with nucleus displaced to the periphery) and fasting (reduction in hepatocyte size and sinusoidal space). The intestine histopathology evidenced that the extract favored the development of goblet cells and intestinal fold height. The results indicated that the leaf aqueous extract of S. marginata assists in the structural maintenance of the liver and intestine and stimulates intestinal alkaline phosphatase production in Nile tilapia, suggesting that the identified compounds act on the liver and intestine, showing hepatoprotective effects and stimulating intestinal digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika do Carmo Ota
- Center of Studies on Natural Resources, Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Rod. Dourados-Itahúm, Km 12, C.P. 351, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Center of Studies on Natural Resources, Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Rod. Dourados-Itahúm, Km 12, C.P. 351, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil
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17
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Yilmaz S. Effects of dietary caffeic acid supplement on antioxidant, immunological and liver gene expression responses, and resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus to Aeromonas veronii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:384-392. [PMID: 30502464 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary caffeic acid on haematological, serum biochemical, non-specific immune and liver gene expression responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Five experimental groups of fish with mean weights of 89.85 ± 2.5 g were used in the study; three of them were fed with caffeic acid incorporated diets (1 g kg-1-Caf1, 5 g kg-1-Caf5, 10 g kg-1-Caf10), whereas an additive free basal diet served as the control. Additionally, the fifth group was an antibiotic medicated diet (0.02 g kg-1-AMF), prepared with the florfenicol. Dietary caffeic acid especially at 5 g kg-1 significantly increased phagocytic index, potential killing activity, respiratory burst activity, serum myeloperoxidase activity and serum catalase activity. Furthermore, increased levels of immune expression [heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), interleukin 1, beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), CC-chemokine (CC1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), toll-like receptor 7 (tlr-7), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and immunoglobulin M (IgM)] and antioxidant related genes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] in the liver of fish fed with 5 g kg-1 caffeic acid. At the end of the 20-day challenge period the survival rates were significantly higher in the Caf5 and AMF groups compared to all other treatment groups. As a result, feeding Nile tilapia with a diet containing 5 g kg-1 caffeic acid over a period of 60 days might be adequate to improve fish immune parameters, antioxidant status, as well as survival rate against A. veronii, similar to antibiotic treatment. Thus caffeic acid can be suggested as a dietary substitute for antibiotic to prevent A. veronii in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevdan Yilmaz
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17100, Turkey.
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18
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Yılmaz S, Ergün S. Trans-cinnamic acid application for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): I. Effects on haematological, serum biochemical, non-specific immune and head kidney gene expression responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:140-157. [PMID: 29684602 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary trans-cinnamic acid (CA) on pre- and post-challenge haematological, serum biochemical, non-specific immune and head kidney gene expression responses of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss juveniles. In this regard, fish with an average weight of 17.01 ± 0.05 g were divided into five groups, and fed daily with an additive free basal diet (control); 250, 500, 750 or 1500 mg kg-1 CA for a 60-day period. Fish were sampled every 20 days during the experiment. On days 20, 40 and 60 (the pre-challenge period), the dietary CA especially at 250 and/or 500 mg kg-1 significantly increased blood granulocyte percentage, and serum total protein, globulin, lysozyme and total immunoglobulin values. Furthermore, dietary CA increased activities of phagocytic activity, respiratory burst and potential killing, and increased the expression levels of immune related genes [serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 1, beta (IL-1β), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and immunoglobulin T (IgT)] in the head kidney of fish fed with 250 and/or 500 mg kg-1 CA. Following 60 days of feeding, fish were challenged with Yersinia ruckeri and mortality was recorded for 20 days. Highest percentage survival (%) rate was found in the 250 and/or 500 mg kg-1 CA-supplemented feeding groups. During the post-challenge period, red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (%), respiratory burst activity, and total antiprotease activity increased in fish fed with feed containing 500 mg kg-1 content. Moreover, markedly up-regulated the expression of related genes (SAA, IL-8, IL-1β, TGF-β, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IgM) in fish fed 250, 500 and/or 750 mg kg-1 CA. Therefore, feeding O. mykiss for 60 days with dietary CA at 250-500 mg kg-1 CA incorporation levels can be suggested as optimal to enhance the immunity and disease resistance against Y. ruckeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevdan Yılmaz
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkey.
| | - Sebahattin Ergün
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
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