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Wen J, Chen SL, Xu WY, Zheng GD, Zou SM. Effects of high NaHCO 3 alkalinity on growth, tissue structure, digestive enzyme activity, and gut microflora of grass carp juvenile. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:85223-85236. [PMID: 37386223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
With the gradual decrease in freshwater resources, the available space for freshwater aquaculture is diminishing. As a result, saline-alkaline water aquaculture has emerged as a crucial method to fulfill the increasing demand. This study investigates the impact of alkaline water on the growth performance, tissues (gill, liver, and kidney), digestive enzyme activity, and intestinal microbiology in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The aquarium conditions were set with sodium bicarbonate (18 mmol/L (LAW), 32 mmol/L (HAW)) to simulate the alkaline water environment. A freshwater group was the control (FW). The experimental fish were cultured for 60 days. The findings revealed that NaHCO3 alkaline stress significantly reduced growth performance, caused alterations in the structural morphology of gill lamellae, liver, and kidney tissues, and led to decreased activity of intestinal trypsin and lipase amylase (P < 0.05). Analysis of 16S rRNA sequences demonstrated that alkalinity influenced the abundance of dominant bacterial phyla and genera. Proteobacteria showed a significant decrease under alkaline conditions, while Firmicutes exhibited a significant increase (P < 0.05). Furthermore, alkalinity conditions significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria involved in protein, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism, cell transport, cell decomposition, and environmental information processing. Conversely, the abundance of bacteria associated with lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, organic systems, and disease functional flora increased significantly under alkalinity conditions (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this comprehensive study indicates that alkalinity stress adversely affected the growth performance of juvenile grass carp, likely due to tissue damage, reduced activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, and alterations in intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Song-Lin Chen
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wen-Ya Xu
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zheng
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shu-Ming Zou
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Hayashi M, Maruoka S, Oikawa J, Ugachi Y, Shimizu M. Effects of Acclimation to Diluted Seawater on Metabolic and Growth Parameters of Underyearling Masu Salmon ( Oncorhynchus masou). Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:513-522. [PMID: 34854283 DOI: 10.2108/zs210048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of environmental salinity and feeding status on the growth and metabolic parameters of underyearling masu salmon. Fish were first acclimated to salinities of 0 (< 0.1), 11, or 22 psu for 10 days, after which time 50% of the fish in each group were fasted for 5 days followed by refeeding for 5 days. No effects on body length/weight were observed over the 20 days from the beginning of the experiment. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) activity increased 20 and 10 days after transfer to water at 11 and 22 psu, respectively. Serum Na+ and Cl- levels were high in fish at 22 psu on day 20 but much lower than those in the environmental water, suggesting that fish at this salinity were able to hypo-osmoregulate. However, acclimation to 22 psu resulted in a reduction in feeding rate on day 20. Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels and liver glycogen content were reduced by fasting and restored after 5 days of refeeding, except in the fish at 22 psu. Intensities of serum IGFBP-1a and -1b bands were increased at higher salinities, whereas fasting/refeeding affected only IGFBP-1b. The present study suggests that acclimating masu salmon parr to 11 psu had no effect on metabolic and growth parameters, while 22 psu presumably suppressed their growth potential due to the possible energy cost or stress for osmoregulation. The disparate responses of circulating IGFBP-1a and -1b to higher salinity and fasting highlight their utility as indices of various catabolic statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Hayashi
- School of Fisheries Sciences, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Shu Maruoka
- School of Fisheries Sciences, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Jin Oikawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuki Ugachi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Munetaka Shimizu
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan,
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