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Khensuwan S, de Menezes Cavalcante Sassi F, Rosa de Moraes RL, Rab P, Liehr T, Supiwong W, Seetapan K, Tanomtong A, Tantisuwichwong N, Arunsang S, Buasriyot P, Tongnunui S, Cioffi MDB. Chromosomes of Asian cyprinid fishes: Novel insight into the chromosomal evolution of Labeoninae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292689. [PMID: 38324533 PMCID: PMC10849230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The Labeoninae subfamily is a highly diversified but demonstrably monophyletic lineage of cyprinid fishes comprising five tribes and six incertae sedis genera. This widely distributed assemblage contains some 48 genera and around 480 recognized species distributed in freshwaters of Africa and Asia. In this study, the karyotypes and other chromosomal properties of five Labeoninae species found in Thailand Labeo chrysophekadion (Labeonini) and Epalzeorhynchos bicolor, Epalzeorhynchos munense, Henicorhynchus siamensis, Thynnichthys thynnoides (´Osteochilini´) were examined using conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols. Our results confirmed a diploid chromosome number (2n) invariably 2n = 50, but the ratio of uni- and bi-armed chromosomes was highly variable among their karyotypes, indicating extensive structural chromosomal rearrangements. Karyotype of L. chrysophekadion contained 10m+6sm+20st+14a, 32m+10sm+8st for H. siamensis, 20m+12sm+10st+8a in E. bicolor, 20m+8sm+8st+14a in E. munense, and 18m+24sm+8st in T. thynnoides. Except for H. siamensis, which had four sites of 5S rDNA sites, other species under study had only one chromosome pair with those sites. In contrast, only one pair containing 18S rDNA sites were found in the karyotypes of three species, whereas two sites were found in that of E. bicolor. These cytogenetic patterns indicated that the cytogenomic divergence patterns of these labeonine species largely corresponded to the inferred phylogenetic tree. In spite of the 2n stability, diverse patterns of rDNA and microsatellite distribution as well as their various karyotype structures demonstrated significant evolutionary differentiation of Labeoninae genomes as exemplified in examined species. Labeoninae offers a traditional point of view on the evolutionary forces fostering biological diversity, and the recent findings add new pieces to comprehend the function of structural chromosomal rearrangements in adaption and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarat Khensuwan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Renata Luiza Rosa de Moraes
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Petr Rab
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Weerayuth Supiwong
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Muang, Nong Khai, Thailand
| | - Kriengkrai Seetapan
- School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Tumbol Maeka, Muang, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Alongklod Tanomtong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Satit Arunsang
- Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Agro-Industry, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Ayutthaya, Thailand
| | - Phichaya Buasriyot
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Mueang Nonthaburi, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sampun Tongnunui
- Department of Conservation Biology, Mahidol University, Kanchanburi Campus, Sai Yok, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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B Chromosomes and Cytogenetic Characteristics of the Common Nase Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111317. [PMID: 33172121 PMCID: PMC7694786 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are very promising structures, among others, in that they are an additional genomic compartment for evolution. In this study, we tested the presence and frequency of B chromosomes and performed the first cytogenetic examination of the common nase (Chondrostoma nasus). We investigated the individuals from two populations in the Vistula River basin, in Poland, according to the chromosomal distribution of the C-bands and silver nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs), using sequential staining with AgNO3 and chromomycin A3 (CMA3). Furthermore, we analyzed the chromosomal localization of two rDNA families (45S and 5S rDNA) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rDNA probes. Chondrostoma nasus individuals showed a standard (A) chromosome set consisting of 2n = 50: 12 metacentric, 32 submetacentric, and 6 acrocentric chromosomes (NF = 94). Fourteen out of the 20 analyzed individuals showed 1–2 mitotically unstable submetacentric B chromosomes of different sizes. Six of them, in 14.1% of the analyzed metaphase plates, had a single, medium-sized submetacentric B (Bsm) chromosome (2n = 51) with a heterochromatic block located in its pericentromeric region. The other seven individuals possessed a Bsm (2n = 51) in 19.4% of the analyzed metaphase plates, and a second Bsm chromosome (2n = 52), the smallest in the set, in 15.5% of metaphase plates, whereas one female was characterized by both Bsm chromosomes (2n = 52) in 14.3% of the analyzed metaphase plates. AgNORs, GC-rich DNA sites, and 28S rDNA hybridization sites were observed in the short arms of two submetacentric chromosome pairs of A set. The constitutive heterochromatin was visible as C bands in the centromeric regions of almost all Chondrostoma nasus chromosomes and in the pericentromeric region of several chromosome pairs. Two 5S rDNA hybridization sites in the pericentromeric position of the largest acrocentric chromosome pair were observed, whereas two other such sites in co-localization on a smaller pair of NOR chromosomes indicate a species-specific character. The results herein broaden our knowledge in the field of B chromosome distribution and molecular cytogenetics of Chondrostoma nasus: a freshwater species from the Leuciscidae family.
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Grabowska AI, Boroń A, Kirtiklis L, Spóz A, Juchno D, Kotusz J. Chromosomal inheritance of parental rDNAs distribution pattern detected by FISH in diploid F 1 hybrid progeny of Cobitis (Teleostei, Cobitidae) species has non-Mendelian character. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:261-273. [PMID: 31755097 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to describe the major and the minor rDNA chromosome distribution in the spined loach Cobitis taenia (2n = 48) and the Danubian loach Cobitis elongatoides (2n = 50), and their laboratory-produced diploid reciprocal F1 hybrid progeny. It was tested by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) whether the number of 28s and 5s rDNA sites in the karyotypes of diploid hybrids corresponds to the expectations resulting from Mendelian ratio and if nucleolar organiser regions (NOR)were inherited from both parents or nucleolar dominance can be observed in the induced F1 hybrid progeny. Ten (females) or twelve (males) 28s rDNA loci were located in nine uniarm chromosomes of C. taenia. Two of such loci terminally bounded on one acrocentric chromosome were unique and indicated as specific for this species. Large 5s rDNA clusters were located on two acrocentric chromosomes. In C. elongatoides of both sexes, six NOR sites in terminal regions on six meta-submetacentric chromosomes and two 5s rDNA sites on large submetacentrics were detected. The F1 hybrid progeny (2n = 49) was characterised by the intermediate karyotype with the sites of ribosome synthesis on chromosomes inherited from both parents without showing nucleolar dominance. 5s rDNA sites were detected on large submetacentric and two acrocentric chromosomes. The observed number of both 28s and 5s rDNAs signals in F1 diploid Cobitis hybrids was disproportionally inherited from the two parental species, showing inconsistency with the Mendelian ratios. The presented rDNA patterns indicate some marker chromosomes that allow the species of the parental male and female to be recognised in hybrid progeny. The 5s rDNA was found to be a particularly effective diagnostic marker of C. elongatoides to partially discern genomic composition of diploid Cobitis hybrids and presumably allopolyploids resulting from their backcrossing with one of the parental species. Thus, the current study provides insight into the extent of rDNA heredity in Cobitis chromosomes and their cytotaxonomic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Grabowska
- Department of Zoology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Alicja Boroń
- Department of Zoology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lech Kirtiklis
- Department of Zoology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aneta Spóz
- Department of Zoology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Juchno
- Department of Zoology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Kotusz
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Ditcharoen S, Antonio Carlos Bertollo L, Ráb P, Hnátková E, Franco Molina W, Liehr T, Tanomtong A, Triantaphyllidis C, Ozouf-Costaz C, Tongnunui S, Pengseng P, Supiwong W, Aroutiounian R, de Bello Cioffi M. Genomic Organization of Repetitive DNA Elements and Extensive Karyotype Diversity of Silurid Catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes): A Comparative Cytogenetic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3545. [PMID: 31331072 PMCID: PMC6678683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The catfish family Siluridae contains 107 described species distributed in Asia, but with some distributed in Europe. In this study, karyotypes and other chromosomal characteristics of 15 species from eight genera were examined using conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols. Our results showed the diploid number (2n) to be highly divergent among species, ranging from 2n = 40 to 92, with the modal frequency comprising 56 to 64 chromosomes. Accordingly, the ratio of uni- and bi-armed chromosomes is also highly variable, thus suggesting extensive chromosomal rearrangements. Only one chromosome pair bearing major rDNA sites occurs in most species, except for Wallago micropogon, Ompok siluroides, and Kryptoterus giminus with two; and Silurichthys phaiosoma with five such pairs. In contrast, chromosomes bearing 5S rDNA sites range from one to as high as nine pairs among the species. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiments evidenced large genomic divergence, even between congeneric species. As a whole, we conclude that karyotype features and chromosomal diversity of the silurid catfishes are unusually extensive, but parallel some other catfish lineages and primary freshwater fish groups, thus making silurids an important model for investigating the evolutionary dynamics of fish chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhonthip Ditcharoen
- Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Petr Ráb
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, Liběchov 277 21, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hnátková
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Wagner Franco Molina
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59078970, Brazil
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Alongklod Tanomtong
- Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Costas Triantaphyllidis
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Catherine Ozouf-Costaz
- Laboratorie Evolution Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Universités, Case 5, 7 Quai St Bernard, Paris, 75952 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Sampan Tongnunui
- Department of Conservation Biology, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Sai Yok, Kanchanaburi Province 71150, Thailand
| | - Puan Pengseng
- School of Agricultural of Technology, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Weerayuth Supiwong
- Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Muang, Nong Khai 43000, Thailand
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
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Han CC, Yen TB, Chen NC, Tseng MC. Cytogenetics of Two Onychostoma Species in Taiwan by Ag-NOR and 18S rDNA Profiles. Zool Stud 2017; 56:e25. [PMID: 31966224 PMCID: PMC6517726 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2017.56-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chiao-Chuan Han, Tsair-Bor Yen, Nian-Cih Chen, and Mei-Chen Tseng (2017) Both Onychostoma barbatulum and O. alticorpus are primary freshwater fish in Taiwan. The former has been developed as an aquaculture species with high economic value, while the latter is a native endemic species in Taiwan. Understanding the cytogenetic information of these two species is necessary for their selected breeding, recovery, and management. In this study, Giemsa staining, silver-binding nucleolar organizer region (Ag-NOR), C-banding, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S ribosomal (r)DNA probes were used to analyze the cytogenetic characteristics. Results of Giemsa staining showed that the two Onychostoma species shared the same number of chromosomes, 2n = 50. Respective karyotype formulas of the female and male were 10 m + 22 sm + 10 st + 8 t and 11 m + 22 sm + 10 st + 7 t in O. barbatulum, and 14 m + 18 sm + 8 st + 10 t and 15 m + 18 sm + 8 st + 9 t in O. alticorpus. Karyotypes of both species showed a pair of heteromorphic chromosomes in male fish. Their sex determination should be the XX/XY system. Two pairs of Ag-NORs were found in O. barbatulum, but only one pair occurred in O. alticorpus. C-banding areas were observed on centromeres or telomeres of some chromosomes. FISH revealed different cytogenetic characters between these two species. The above cytogenetic information will contribute to species identification, population recovery, and advantages for breeding and management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Chuan Han
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan. E-mail:
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Tsair-Bor Yen
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung
University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan. E-mail:
| | - Nian-Cih Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology,
Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Tseng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology,
Pingtung 912, Taiwan
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Unal S, Gaffaroğlu M, Ayata MK, Yüksel E. Karyotype, C-banding and AgNORs of two endemic leuciscine fish, Pseudophoxinuscrassus (Ladiges, 1960) and P.hittitorum Freyhof & Özulug, 2010 (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2014; 8:249-257. [PMID: 25610540 PMCID: PMC4296713 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v8i4.7623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The genus Pseudophoxinus Bleeker, 1860 is found in a wide range of habitats in central Anatolia, but it is not well known from a cytogenetic aspect. In this study the first karyotypic description of the spring minnows Pseudophoxinuscrassus (Ladiges, 1960) and Pseudophoxinushittitorum Freyhof & Özulug, 2010 by means of conventional methods (Giemsa staining, C-banding, silver nitrate impregnation (Ag-NORs)) was performed. Both species are endemic and have restricted distributions in Central Anatolia. Pseudophoxinuscrassus and Pseudophoxinushittitorum have the same diploid chromosome number, 2n = 50, patterns of distribution of constitutive heterochromatin (CH), and localization of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), but differ in their karyotypic formulae (KFs). The C-banding technique revealed clear pericentromeric blocks of CH in many chromosomes; Ag-NORs treatment revealed consistent positive signals at the end of the short arms of a submetacentric chromosome pair, likely homologous in both species. The karyotypic differences found between these species can be used for their taxonomical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Unal
- Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Gaffaroğlu
- Ahi Evran University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Muradiye Karasu Ayata
- Ahi Evran University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Eşref Yüksel
- Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
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Spoz A, Boron A, Porycka K, Karolewska M, Ito D, Abe S, Kirtiklis L, Juchno D. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae), using chromosome staining and fluorescence in situ hybridisation with rDNA probes. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2014; 8:233-48. [PMID: 25349674 PMCID: PMC4205492 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v8i3.7718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The crucian carp Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) is a species with restricted and decreasing distribution in Europe. Six males and six females of the species from the Baltic Sea basin in Poland were examined to show sequentially CMA3/AgNO3 staining pattern, DAPI staining, and, for the first time in literature, molecular cytogenetic analysis using double-colour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with 28S and 5S rDNA probes. The karyotype consisted of 20 m, 36 sm and 44 sta chromosomes, NF=156. The AgNO3 stained NORs were most frequently located terminally in the short arms of two sm and two sta elements, and CMA3-positive sites were also observed suggesting abundant GC-rich repetitive DNA in the regions. Other CMA3-positive sites in the short arms of six to ten sm and sta chromosomes were detected. The results based on 28S rDNA FISH confirmed the location of rDNA sites. DAPI-negative staining of NORs suggested the scarcity of AT-rich DNA in the regions. FISH with 5S rDNA probe revealed 8-14 loci (ten and 12 in respectively 49 and 29% of metaphases). They were located in two sm and eight to ten sta chromosomes and six of them were larger than others. Simultaneously, mapping of the two rDNA families on the chromosomes of C. carassius revealed that both 28S and 5S rDNA probes were located in different chromosomes. Molecular cytogenetic data of C. carassius presented here for the first time give an important insight into the structure of chromosomes of this polyploid and declining species and may be useful in its systematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Spoz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego Str. 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Alicja Boron
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego Str. 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Porycka
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego Str. 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Karolewska
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego Str. 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grade, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Syuiti Abe
- Sanriku Fisheries Research Center, Department of Revitalization for Sanriku-region, Iwate University, 3-75-1, Heita, Kamaishi 026-0001, Iwate, Japan
| | - Lech Kirtiklis
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego Str. 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Juchno
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego Str. 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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Gong Z, Xue C, Zhang M, Guo R, Zhou Y, Shi G. Physical localization and DNA methylation of 45S rRNA gene loci in Jatropha curcas L. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84284. [PMID: 24386362 PMCID: PMC3875529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, 45S rRNA genes are arranged in tandem arrays of repeat units, and not all copies are transcribed during mitosis. DNA methylation is considered to be an epigenetic marker for rDNA activation. Here, we established a clear and accurate karyogram for Jatropha curcas L. The chromosomal formula was found to be 2n=2x=22=12m+10 sm. We found that the 45S rDNA loci were located at the termini of chromosomes 7 and 9 in J. curcas. The distribution of 45S rDNA has no significant difference in J. curcas from different sources. Based on the hybridization signal patterns, there were two forms of rDNA - dispersed and condensed. The dispersed type of signals appeared during interphase and prophase, while the condensed types appeared during different stages of mitosis. DNA methylation analysis showed that when 45S rDNA stronger signals were dispersed and connected to the nucleolus, DNA methylation levels were lower at interphase and prophase. However, when the 45S rDNA loci were condensed, especially during metaphase, they showed different forms of DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Nabais C, Rampin M, Collares-Pereira MJ. Comparative cytogenetics of two endangered leuciscine fish, Squalius aradensis and S. torgalensis (Teleostei, Cyprinidae), from the Iberian Peninsula. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2013; 7:33-42. [PMID: 24260688 PMCID: PMC3833748 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v7i1.4672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the description of the karyotypes of the endangered chubs Squalius aradensis (Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues and Collares-Pereira, 1998) and Squalius torgalensis (Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues and Collares-Pereira, 1998) is presented by means of conventional (Giemsa-staining, Chromomycin A3 (CMA3)-fluorescence, Silver-impregnation (Ag-NORs)) and molecular (fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA probe) protocols. These endemic sister-species have an allopatric but adjacent distribution in the most southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula. Diploid chromosome number was invariably 2n = 50 and karyotypes of both species were grossly similar, composed of metacentric and submetacentric elements with a reduced number of acrocentric pairs. Sequential staining using FISH with an 18S rDNA probe, CMA3 and Ag-NORs treatments revealed consistent positive signals located at the end of the short arms of a submetacentric chromosome pair, likely homologous in both species. While providing useful cytogenetic comparative data against other members of the genus Squalius Bonaparte, 1837, the work aimed to draw attention towards the conservation of two narrow-range and highly confined fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Nabais
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Massimiliano Rampin
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- Present address: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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The 5S rDNA High Dynamism in Diplodus sargus is a Transposon-Mediated Mechanism. Comparison with Other Multigene Families and Sparidae Species. J Mol Evol 2013; 76:83-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00239-013-9541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Rossi AR, Milana V, Hett AK, Tancioni L. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the Appenine endemic cyprinid fish Squalius lucumonis and three other Italian leuciscines using chromosome banding and FISH with rDNA probes. Genetica 2012; 140:469-76. [PMID: 23238894 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-012-9695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Karyotype and other chromosomal characteristics of the Appenine endemic cyprinid fish, Toscana stream chub Squalius lucumonis, were analysed using conventional banding and FISH with 45S and 5S rDNA probes. The diploid chromosome number (2n = 50) and karyotype characteristics including pericentromeric heterochromatic blocks and GC-rich CMA(3)-positive sites corresponding to both positive Ag-NORs and 45S rDNA loci on the short arms of a single medium-sized submetacentric chromosome pair were consistent with those found in most European leuciscine cyprinids. On other hand, 5S rDNA FISH in the Toscana stream chub and three other Italian leuciscines, S. squalus, Rutilus rubilio and Telestes muticellus, revealed a species-specific hybridization pattern, i.e. signals on four (S. lucumonis), three (S. squalus and R. rubilio) and two (T. muticellus) chromosome pairs. Whereas all the species shared the 5S rDNA loci on the largest subtelocentric chromosome pair, a "leuciscine" cytotaxonomic marker, S. lucumonis showed both classes of rDNA loci tandem aligned on the short arms of chromosome pair No. 12. The present findings suggest that the observed high variability of 5S rDNA loci provides a powerful tool for investigation of karyotype differentiation in karyologically conservative leuciscine fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology C. Darwin, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Z and W sex chromosomes in the cane toad (Bufo marinus). Chromosome Res 2009; 17:1015-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10577-009-9095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pereira C, Neto A, Collares-Pereira MJ. Cytogenetic survey of species of two distinct genera of Iberian nases (Cyprinidae, Leuciscinae) that hybridize extensively in nature. I. Evidence of a similar and conserved chromosome pattern with some few species-specific markers at macro-structural level. Genetica 2009; 137:285-91. [PMID: 19585245 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-009-9379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pseudochondrostoma duriense and Pseudochondrostoma polylepis hybridize extensively with Achondrostoma oligolepis in natural populations. In this first survey, karyotypes were comparatively analyzed by C-, AgNOR- and CMA(3)-banding procedures in pure (non-introgressed) fish specimens. Leuciscinae pattern was evidenced in the three species: metacentrics and submetacentrics dominance, a big subtelo/acrocentric (marker) chromosome pair and a 2n = 50; small macro-structural differences were observed. Heterochromatin was centromere-associated. Exceptions were found at sm1 and st/a1 long arms and at m1, sm3 and sm6 short arms. The st/a1 band was telomeric in the straight-mouth nases and sub-terminal in A. oligolepis. Multiple NORs of heterochromatic nature were found in sm pairs of the three species. Signals were telomeric except for one pair in A. oligolepis. Two to four structural and two functional NORs were found in P. duriense and P. polylepis, and four to six structural and four functional NORs in A. oligolepis. Species-specific markers will prove useful in hybrid zones' cytogenetic characterization and for in-depth studies of genome compatibility-related issues in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pereira
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia Animal/Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Campo Grande, C2, 3 masculine Piso, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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