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Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate to all cell types of an adult individual and are useful for studying development and for translational research. However, extrapolation of mouse and human ESC knowledge to deriving stable ESC lines of domestic ungulates and large livestock species has been challenging. In contrast to ESCs that are usually established from the blastocyst, mouse expanded potential stem cells (EPSCs) are derived from four-cell and eight-cell embryos. We have recently used the EPSC approach and established stem cells from porcine and human preimplantation embryos. EPSCs are molecularly similar across species and have broader developmental potential to generate embryonic and extraembryonic cell lineages. We further explore the EPSC technology for mammalian species refractory to the standard ESC approaches and report here the successful establishment of bovine EPSCs (bEPSCs) from preimplantation embryos of both wild-type and somatic cell nuclear transfer. bEPSCs express high levels of pluripotency genes, propagate robustly in feeder-free culture, and are genetically stable in long-term culture. bEPSCs have enriched transcriptomic features of early preimplantation embryos and differentiate in vitro to cells of the three somatic germ layers and, in chimeras, contribute to both the embryonic (fetal) and extraembryonic cell lineages. Importantly, precise gene editing is efficiently achieved in bEPSCs, and genetically modified bEPSCs can be used as donors in somatic cell nuclear transfer. bEPSCs therefore hold the potential to substantially advance biotechnology and agriculture.
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Lei Z, Wu H, Xiong Y, Wei D, Wang X, Luoreng Z, Cai X, Ma Y. ncRNAs regulate bovine adipose tissue deposition. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2837-2845. [PMID: 33730298 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism, which encompasses synthesis and degradation of lipids, is critical for a wide range of cellular functions, including structural and morphological properties of organelles, energy storage, signalling, and the stability and function of membrane proteins. Adipose tissue is a dynamic tissue type that performs a lot of significant physiological functions, including secretion, and is involved in maintaining homeostasis and in regulatory roles of other tissues based on paracrine or endocrine. More recently, several classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA), have been discovered in adipocytes, and they act as critical regulators of gene expression in adipogenesis and regulate adipogenesis through multiple pathways. In the present paper, we discussed several classes of non-coding RNAs and summarized the latest research on the regulatory role of ncRNAs in bovine adipogenesis. We gave examples for known modes of action to look forward to providing reference information future scientific research in cattle breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiong Lei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, YinChuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, YinChuan, China
| | - Huiguang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dawei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, YinChuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, YinChuan, China
| | - Xingping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, YinChuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, YinChuan, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, YinChuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, YinChuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, YinChuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, YinChuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, YinChuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, YinChuan, China. .,College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China.
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Li M, Gao Q, Tian Z, Lu X, Sun Y, Chen Z, Zhang H, Mao Y, Yang Z. MIR221HG Is a Novel Long Noncoding RNA that Inhibits Bovine Adipocyte Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:genes11010029. [PMID: 31887993 PMCID: PMC7016960 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a complicated but precisely orchestrated process mediated by a series of transcription factors. Our previous study has identified a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that was differentially expressed during bovine adipocyte differentiation. Because this lncRNA overlaps with miR-221 in the genome, it was named miR-221 host gene (MIR221HG). The purpose of this study was to clone the full length of MIR221HG, detect its subcellular localization, and determine the effects of MIR221HG on bovine adipocyte differentiation. The 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and 3′ RACE analyses demonstrated that MIR221HG is a transcript of 1064 nucleotides, is located on the bovine X chromosome, and contains a single exon. Bioinformatics analyses suggested that MIR221HG is an lncRNA and the promoter of MIR221HG includes the binding consensus sequences of the forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) and krüppel-like factor5 (KLF5). The semi-quantitative PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions revealed that MIR221HG mainly resides in the nucleus. Inhibition of MIR221HG significantly increased adipocyte differentiation, as indicated by a dramatic increment in the number of mature adipocytes and in the expression of the respective adipogenic markers, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). Our results provide a basis for elucidating the mechanism by which MIR221HG regulates adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China; (M.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.T.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China;
| | - Qisong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China; (M.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.T.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China;
| | - Zhichen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China; (M.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.T.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xubin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China; (M.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.T.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China;
| | - Yujia Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China;
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China; (M.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.T.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China;
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China; (M.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.T.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China;
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China; (M.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.T.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China;
| | - Zhangping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China; (M.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.T.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China;
- Correspondence:
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Zhang C, Xu D, Chen W, Li J, Gao Q, Li S. LINC24065 is a monoallelically expressed long intergenic noncoding RNA located in the cattle DLK1–DIO3 cluster. J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hernandez A, Stohn JP. The Type 3 Deiodinase: Epigenetic Control of Brain Thyroid Hormone Action and Neurological Function. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061804. [PMID: 29921775 PMCID: PMC6032375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) influence multiple processes in the developing and adult central nervous system, and their local availability needs to be maintained at levels that are tailored to the requirements of their biological targets. The local complement of TH transporters, deiodinase enzymes, and receptors is critical to ensure specific levels of TH action in neural cells. The type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO3) inactivates THs and is highly present in the developing and adult brain, where it limits their availability and action. DIO3 deficiency in mice results in a host of neurodevelopmental and behavioral abnormalities, demonstrating the deleterious effects of TH excess, and revealing the critical role of DIO3 in the regulation of TH action in the brain. The fact the Dio3 is an imprinted gene and that its allelic expression pattern varies across brain regions and during development introduces an additional level of control to deliver specific levels of hormone action in the central nervous system (CNS). The sensitive epigenetic nature of the mechanisms controlling the genomic imprinting of Dio3 renders brain TH action particularly susceptible to disruption due to exogenous treatments and environmental exposures, with potential implications for the etiology of human neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Hernandez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA.
- Graduate School for Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - J Patrizia Stohn
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA.
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