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He J, Zhang J, Liao X, Xiao Y, Li J, Zheng Z, Chen D, Chen J. Upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 and downregulation of immune signaling pathways lead to more severe visceral leishmaniasis in undernutrition mice. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:8. [PMID: 38185681 PMCID: PMC10773036 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical developing countries, where chronic undernutrition often co-exists. Undernutrition is reported to promote the progression of leishmaniasis, but its immune mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. METHODS To simulate chronic undernutrition of patients in epidemic areas and explore the immune mechanism of undernutrition promoting leishmaniasis, BALB/c mouse models with different nutritional imbalances were established, including undernutrition 75%, undernutrition 65% and obesity mouse models. After infection with Leishmania donovani in these model mice, we focused on evaluating the progress of leishmaniasis in the spleen and liver, the expression of important immunosuppressive and immunoactivation molecules, and changes of spleen transcriptome. The immune signaling pathways enriched by differentially expressed genes and hub genes were analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that among the mouse infection models, undernutrition 75% + infection group had the highest parasite load in the spleen and liver at the 8th week post-infection, possibly due to the continuous increase of PD-1, PD-L1 and TCR. Spleen RNA-seq results suggested that some immune signaling pathways were downregulated in undernutrition 75% + infection group, including neutrophil extracellular trap formation, IL-17 signaling pathway, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, etc. Among them, neutrophil extracellular trap formation pathway had the largest number of downregulated genes. This also explained why undernutrition 75% + infection group had the highest parasite load. Through PPI network analysis, hub genes such as Lcn2, Ltf, Mpo, Dnaja1, Hspa1a, Hspa1b and Hsph1 were screened out and might play important roles in the process of undernutrition promoting leishmaniasis. CONCLUSIONS Undernutrition upregulated PD-1 and PD-L1 expression and downregulated immune signaling pathways in mice with visceral leishmaniasis. The signaling pathways and hub genes may serve as drug targets or intervention targets for the treatment of leishmaniasis patients with undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuechun Liao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuying Xiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwan Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dali Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Chan GCK, Fung WWS, Szeto CC, Ng JKC. From MIA to FIFA: The vicious matrix of frailty, inflammation, fluid overload and atherosclerosis in peritoneal dialysis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2023; 28:215-226. [PMID: 36807408 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Two decades ago, the common co-existence of malnutrition and systemic inflammation PD patients with atherosclerosis and CVD led to the proposed terminology of 'malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome'. Although the importance of malnutrition is well accepted, frailty represents a more comprehensive assessment of the physical and functional capability of the patient and encompasses the contributions of sarcopenia (a key component of malnutrition), obesity, cardiopulmonary as well as neuropsychiatric impairment. In recent years, it is also increasingly recognized that fluid overload is not only the consequence but also play an important role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Moreover, fluid overload is closely linked with the systemic inflammatory status, presumably by gut oedema, gastrointestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and leakage of bacterial fragments to the systemic circulation. There are now a wealth of published evidence to show intricate relations between frailty, inflammation, fluid overload and atherosclerotic disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those on PD, a phenomenon that we propose the term 'FIFA complex'. In this system, frailty and atherosclerotic disease may be regarded as two patient-oriented outcomes, while inflammation and fluid overload are two inter-connected pathogenic processes. However, there remain limited data on how the treatment of one component affect the others. It is also important to define how treatment of fluid overload affect the systemic inflammatory status and to develop effective anti-inflammatory strategies that could alleviate atherosclerotic disease and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Chun-Kau Chan
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Winston Wing-Shing Fung
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Mao R, Wang Y, Wang F, Zhou L, Yan S, Lu S, Shi W, Zhang Y. Identification of Four Biomarkers of Human Skin Aging by Comprehensive Single Cell Transcriptome, Transcriptome, and Proteomics. Front Genet 2022; 13:881051. [PMID: 36081986 PMCID: PMC9445490 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.881051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aging is characterized by the gradual loss of physiological integrity, resulting in impaired function and easier death. This deterioration is a major risk factor for major human pathological diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases. It is very important to find biomarkers that can prevent aging.Methods: Q-Exactive-MS was used for proteomic detection of young and senescence fibroblast. The key senescence-related molecules (SRMs) were identified by integrating transcriptome and proteomics from aging tissue/cells, and the correlation between these differentially expressed genes and well-known aging-related pathways. Next, we validated the expression of these molecules using qPCR, and explored the correlation between them and immune infiltrating cells. Finally, the enriched pathways of the genes significantly related to the four differential genes were identified using the single cell transcriptome.Results: we first combined proteomics and transcriptome to identified four SRMs. Data sets including GSE63577, GSE64553, GSE18876, GSE85358, and qPCR confirmed that ETF1, PLBD2, ASAH1, and MOXD1 were identified as SRMs. Then the correlation between SRMs and aging-related pathways was excavated and verified. Next, we verified the expression of SRMs at the tissue level and qPCR, and explored the correlation between them and immune infiltrating cells. Finally, at the single-cell transcriptome level, we verified their expression and explored the possible pathway by which they lead to aging. Briefly, ETF1 may affect the changes of inflammatory factors such as IL-17, IL-6, and NFKB1 by indirectly regulating the enrichment and differentiation of immune cells. MOXD1 may regulate senescence by affecting the WNT pathway and changing the cell cycle. ASAH1 may affect development and regulate the phenotype of aging by affecting cell cycle-related genes.Conclusion: In general, based on the analysis of proteomics and transcriptome, we identified four SRMs that may affect aging and speculated their possible mechanisms, which provides a new target for preventing aging, especially skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sha Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yiya Zhang, ; Wei Shi,
| | - Yiya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yiya Zhang, ; Wei Shi,
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Singh G, Tucker EW, Rohlwink UK. Infection in the Developing Brain: The Role of Unique Systemic Immune Vulnerabilities. Front Neurol 2022; 12:805643. [PMID: 35140675 PMCID: PMC8818751 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.805643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infections remain a major burden of pediatric disease associated with significant long-term morbidity due to injury to the developing brain. Children are susceptible to various etiologies of CNS infection partly because of vulnerabilities in their peripheral immune system. Young children are known to have reduced numbers and functionality of innate and adaptive immune cells, poorer production of immune mediators, impaired responses to inflammatory stimuli and depressed antibody activity in comparison to adults. This has implications not only for their response to pathogen invasion, but also for the development of appropriate vaccines and vaccination strategies. Further, pediatric immune characteristics evolve across the span of childhood into adolescence as their broader physiological and hormonal landscape develop. In addition to intrinsic vulnerabilities, children are subject to external factors that impact their susceptibility to infections, including maternal immunity and exposure, and nutrition. In this review we summarize the current evidence for immune characteristics across childhood that render children at risk for CNS infection and introduce the link with the CNS through the modulatory role that the brain has on the immune response. This manuscript lays the foundation from which we explore the specifics of infection and inflammation within the CNS and the consequences to the maturing brain in part two of this review series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Singh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth W. Tucker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ursula K. Rohlwink
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Zarate MA, De Dios RK, Balasubramaniyan D, Zheng L, Sherlock LG, Rozance PJ, Wright CJ. The Acute Hepatic NF-κB-Mediated Proinflammatory Response to Endotoxemia Is Attenuated in Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Newborn Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:706774. [PMID: 34539638 PMCID: PMC8440955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.706774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a relevant predictor for higher rates of neonatal sepsis worldwide and is associated with an impaired neonatal immunity and lower immune cell counts. During the perinatal period, the liver is a key immunological organ responsible for the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated innate immune response to inflammatory stimuli, but whether this role is affected by IUGR is unknown. Herein, we hypothesized that the newborn liver adapts to calorie-restriction IUGR by inducing changes in the NF-κB signaling transcriptome, leading to an attenuated acute proinflammatory response to intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We first assessed the hepatic gene expression of key NF-κB factors in the IUGR and normally grown (NG) newborn mice. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed an upregulation of both IκB proteins genes (Nfkbia and Nfkbib) and the NF-κB subunit Nfkb1 in IUGR vs. NG. We next measured the LPS-induced hepatic expression of acute proinflammatory genes (Ccl3, Cxcl1, Il1b, Il6, and Tnf) and observed that the IUGR liver produced an attenuated acute proinflammatory cytokine gene response (Il1b and Tnf) to LPS in IUGR vs. unexposed (CTR). Consistent with these results, LPS-exposed hepatic tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) protein concentrations were lower in IUGR vs. LPS-exposed NG and did not differ from IUGR CTR. Sex differences at the transcriptome level were observed in the IUGR male vs. female. Our results demonstrate that IUGR induces key modifications in the NF-κB transcriptomic machinery in the newborn that compromised the acute proinflammatory cytokine gene and protein response to LPS. Our results bring novel insights in understanding how the IUGR newborn is immunocompromised due to fundamental changes in NF-κB key factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Zarate
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robyn K De Dios
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Durganili Balasubramaniyan
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Laura G Sherlock
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Paul J Rozance
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Fung WWS, Poon PYK, Ng JKC, Kwong VWK, Pang WF, Kwan BCH, Cheng PMS, Li PKT, Szeto CC. Longitudinal Changes of NF-κB Downstream Mediators and Peritoneal Transport Characteristics in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6440. [PMID: 32296091 PMCID: PMC7160129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of intra-peritoneal mediators in the regulation peritoneal transport is not completely understood. We investigate the relation between longitudinal changes in dialysis effluent level of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) downstream mediators and the change in peritoneal transport over 1 year. We studied 46 incident PD patients. Their peritoneal transport characteristics were determined after starting PD and then one year later. Concomitant dialysis effluent levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are determined. There were significant correlations between baseline and one-year dialysis effluent IL-6 and COX-2 levels with the corresponding dialysate-to-plasma creatinine level at 4 hours (D/P4) and mass transfer area coefficient of creatinine (MTAC). After one year, patients who had peritonitis had higher dialysis effluent IL-6 (26.6 ± 17.4 vs 15.1 ± 12.3 pg/ml, p = 0.037) and COX-2 levels (4.97 ± 6.25 vs 1.60 ± 1.53 ng/ml, p = 0.007) than those without peritonitis, and the number of peritonitis episode significantly correlated with the IL-6 and COX-2 levels after one year. In contrast, dialysis effluent HGF level did not correlate with peritoneal transport. There was no difference in any mediator level between patients receiving conventional and low glucose degradation product solutions. Dialysis effluent IL-6 and COX-2 levels correlate with the concomitant D/P4 and MTAC of creatinine. IL-6 and COX-2 may contribute to the short-term regulation of peritoneal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Wing-Shing Fung
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Yam-Kau Poon
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vickie Wai-Ki Kwong
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Fai Pang
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Phyllis Mei-Shan Cheng
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Gibson D, Mehler PS. Anorexia Nervosa and the Immune System-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111915. [PMID: 31717370 PMCID: PMC6912362 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of an increasing number of chronic diseases is being attributed to effects of the immune system. However, its role in the development and maintenance of anorexia nervosa is seemingly under-appreciated. Yet, in examining the available research on the immune system and genetic studies in anorexia nervosa, one becomes increasingly suspicious of the immune system’s potential role in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. Specifically, research is suggestive of increased levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the spontaneous production of tumor necrosis factor in anorexia nervosa; genetic studies further support a dysregulated immune system in this disorder. Potential contributors to this dysregulated immune system are discussed including increased oxidative stress, chronic physiological/psychological stress, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and an abnormal bone marrow microenvironment, all of which are present in anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gibson
- Assistant Medical Director, ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders @ Denver Health; Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine; 777 Bannock St., Denver, CO 80204, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +303-602-5067; Fax: +303-602-3811
| | - Philip S Mehler
- President, Eating Recovery Center; Founder and Executive Medical Director, ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders @ Denver Health; Glassman Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine; 7351 E Lowry Blvd, Suite 200, Denver, CO 80230, USA;
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Salameh E, Morel FB, Zeilani M, Déchelotte P, Marion-Letellier R. Animal Models of Undernutrition and Enteropathy as Tools for Assessment of Nutritional Intervention. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092233. [PMID: 31527523 PMCID: PMC6770013 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
: Undernutrition is a major public health problem leading to 1 in 5 of all deaths in children under 5 years. Undernutrition leads to growth stunting and/or wasting and is often associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). EED mechanisms leading to growth failure include intestinal hyperpermeability, villus blunting, malabsorption and gut inflammation. As non-invasive methods for investigating gut function in undernourished children are limited, pre-clinical models are relevant to elucidating the pathophysiological processes involved in undernutrition and EED, and to identifying novel therapeutic strategies. In many published models, undernutrition was induced using protein or micronutrient deficient diets, but these experimental models were not associated with EED. Enteropathy models mainly used gastrointestinal injury triggers. These models are presented in this review. We found only a few studies investigating the combination of undernutrition and enteropathy. This highlights the need for further developments to establish an experimental model reproducing the impact of undernutrition and enteropathy on growth, intestinal hyperpermeability and inflammation, that could be suitable for preclinical evaluation of innovative therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeline Salameh
- UniRouen, Inserm UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Nutriset SAS, 76770 Malaunay, France.
| | | | | | - Pierre Déchelotte
- UniRouen, Inserm UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Rachel Marion-Letellier
- UniRouen, Inserm UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
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Hastreiter AA, Galvão Dos Santos G, Cavalcante Santos EW, Makiyama EN, Borelli P, Fock RA. Protein malnutrition impairs bone marrow endothelial cells affecting hematopoiesis. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:1551-1559. [PMID: 31326233 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Protein malnutrition (PM) affects hematopoiesis leading to bone marrow (BM) hypoplasia and arrests hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in G0/G1 cell cycle phases, which cause anemia and leukopenia. Hematopoiesis is mainly regulated by BM niches where endothelial cells (EC) present a key regulatory role. Thus, our objective is to evaluate whether PM affects the modulatory capacity of EC on hematopoiesis. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice received for 5 weeks a normal protein diet (12% casein) or a low protein diet (2% casein). MSC were isolated and differentiated in vitro into EC and the synthesis of SCF, Ang-1, CXCL-12, IL-11, TGF-β and G-CSF were evaluated. The HSC and hematopoietic progenitors were quantified and the EC capacity to modulate the hematopoietic system was also evaluated. Moreover, the ability of PM bone marrow to support hematopoieisis was assessed by proliferation of infused leukemic myelo-monoblasts cells. RESULTS PM decreases HSC and hematopoietic progenitor pool and promotes cell cycle arrest and a lower proliferation rate of leukemic myelo-monoblasts. PM also committed hematopoietic regulatory characteristics from EC, resulting in the modification of both cell cycle pattern and hematopoietic differentiation. CONCLUSION BM microenvironment is compromised in PM, and since PM disturbs EC, it becomes one of the factors responsible for the hematopoietic cell cycle arrest and impairment of HSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Galvão Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ed Wilson Cavalcante Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hastreiter AA, Makiyama EN, Borelli P, Fock RA. Impairment of G-CSF receptor on granulocytic progenitor cells causes neutropenia in protein malnutrition. Nutrition 2019; 69:110540. [PMID: 31525700 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is well known that protein malnutrition (PM) states can affect hematopoiesis, leading to severe leukopenia and reduced number of granulocytes, which act as the first line of defense, and are important to the innate immune response. The aim of this study was to elucidate some of the mechanisms involved in the impairment of granulopoiesis in PM. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were submitted to PM with a low-protein diet containing 2% protein. Control mice were fed a 12% protein-containing diet. Bone marrow histology and the percentage of granulocytic progenitors were evaluated after in vivo granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulus. Cell proliferation, STAT3 signaling, and the expression of G-CSF receptor were evaluated in hematopoietic progenitor cells. RESULTS Malnourished animals presented with leukopenia associated with reduced number of granulocytes and reduced percentage of granulocytic progenitors; however, no differences were observed in the regulatory granulopoietic cytokine G-CSF. Additionally, the malnourished group presented with impaired response to in vivo G-CSF stimulus compared with control animals. PM was implicated in decreased ability of c-Kit+ cells to differentiate into myeloid progenitor cells and downregulated STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, the malnourished group exhibited reduced expression of G-CSF receptor on granule-monocytic progenitors. This reduced expression was not completely reversible with G-CSF treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study implies that PM promotes intrinsic alterations to hematopoietic precursors, which result in hematologic changes, mainly neutropenia, observed in peripheral blood in PM states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Morais NGD, Costa TBD, Ferreira de Lima LF, Basílio DDS, Morais NNGD, Paiva Cavalcanti MD, Pereira VRA, de Castro CMMB. Impact of neonatal malnutrition on expression TLR-9, NF-kB and cytokines of macrophages infected in vitro with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:254-260. [PMID: 31075429 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Early nutritional aggressions promote epigenetic adjustments that culminate in the loss of phenotype plasticity (with permanent long-term modifications). Maternal diet and inadequate neonatal nutrition can result in fetal programming that presents susceptibility to infections in adult life. Thus, it becomes essential to verify the impacts of neonatal malnutrition (even following nutritional replacement) on the immunological response to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Male rats were divided into two distinct groups: Nourished and Malnourished. After isolation of mononuclear cells, four systems were established: negative control, positive control and two testing systems, (MSSA and MRSA). Tests were performed to analyze expression of TLR-9, NF-kB, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33. For statistical analysis, we used the Student t and ANOVA tests p < 0.05. Even after nutritional replacement, malnutrition in the neonatal period compromised the animals' weight gains p < 0.05. There was a reduction in the expression of the immunological response in the positive control, however deregulation was observed in the gene expression of MRSA-infected macrophages, with a reduction in TLR-9 expression, and overexpression in NF-kB and cytokines p < 0.05. Puppies inflicted with protein-calorie malnutrition were compromised; (long-term) body growth and immune response. In the infectious scenario, immune collapse is reflected in inflammatory response exacerbation with a likely histolytic character. Immune disabling (resulting from gene expression deregulation) causes susceptibility to infections due to ineffective recognition, intense pro-inflammatory mediation, and cell death. It is suggested that neonatal malnutrition can program susceptibility to multiresistant bacterial infections, and generally favors a triggering of more intense confrontations with fatal outcomes.
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12
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Koo SJ, Garg NJ. Metabolic programming of macrophage functions and pathogens control. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101198. [PMID: 31048245 PMCID: PMC6488820 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφ) are central players in mediating proinflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. Unchecked Mφ activities contribute to pathology across many diseases, including those caused by infectious pathogens and metabolic disorders. A fine balance of Mφ responses is crucial, which may be achieved by enforcing appropriate bioenergetics pathways. Metabolism serves as the provider of energy, substrates, and byproducts that support differential Mφ characteristics. The metabolic properties that control the polarization and response of Mφ remain to be fully uncovered for use in managing infectious diseases. Here, we review the various metabolic states in Mφ and how they influence the cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Jie Koo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
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13
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The silencing of ApoC3 suppresses oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in placenta cells from mice with preeclampsia via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1377-1384. [PMID: 30257353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia is one of the three primary causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study evaluated ApoC3 in placenta cells of mice with preeclampsia to explore its therapeutic role in preeclampsia and assess its function on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses involving the NF-κB signaling pathway. METHODS A mouse model of preeclampsia was successfully established. APOC3-siRNA with the best silencing effect was screened out. The expression levels of ApoC3, p65, and IkBα were evaluated. The effect of ApoC3 silencing on metabolic activity and apoptosis was measured. The level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CPR), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-isoprostane and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were determined. RESULTS ApoC3-siRNA-3 was the most effective siRNA. The mRNA expression of ApoC3 was scarcely observed, while the expression of p65 decreased and the expression of p-IkBα increased in the ApoC3-siRNA group. Compared with those in the model and empty vector groups, the cell apoptosis rate and the activities of invasion-related factors MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased, while the levels of hs-CPR, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, 8-isoprostane, and ox-LDL decreased in the ApoC3-siRNA group. CONCLUSION Silencing ApoC3 could suppress the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby exercising a protective effect on cell injury induced by oxidative stress and reducing inflammatory responses.
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14
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Gavia-García G, Rosas-Trejo MDLÁ, García-Mendoza E, Toledo-Pérez R, Königsberg M, Nájera-Medina O, Luna-López A, González-Torres MC. t-BHQ Protects Against Oxidative Damage and Maintains the Antioxidant Response in Malnourished Rats. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818796304. [PMID: 30263018 PMCID: PMC6156215 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818796304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Tert-butylhydroquinone (t-BHQ) protective effect against oxidative damage in thymus from malnourished pops-rats was evaluated. Methods: Malnutrition in pops-rats was induced during the lactation period and first-, second-, and third-degree malnourished rats were studied (MN1, MN2, and MN3). To determine t-BHQ protective effect, lipid peroxidation (LPx) was assessed, as well as the carbonyl content. The reduced glutathione and glutathione disulfide content were determined and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. Results: Oxidative protein damage, LPx, and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) content, increased in the MN2 and MN3 compared to well-nourished rats, associated with lower protein content and antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase. Tert-butylhydroquinone treatment induced a protective effect against lipids and proteins oxidative damage, as well as decrease in NF-κB in MN rats and restored the antioxidant mechanisms, mostly GPx and SOD. No differences were found between male and female animals. Conclusions: Results show that higher body weight deficit leads to increased oxidative damage and probably inflammation, attributable to alterations in antioxidant mechanisms. These effects were reversed by the t-BHQ-treatment, which restores the antioxidant response. Our findings suggest that t-BHQ could be an interesting pharmacological intervention, but it needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Gavia-García
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico.,Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - María de Los Ángeles Rosas-Trejo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico.,Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Eduardo García-Mendoza
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rafael Toledo-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico.,Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Mina Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Oralia Nájera-Medina
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Armando Luna-López
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, CDMX, Mexico
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15
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Abstract
The global impact of childhood malnutrition is staggering. The synergism between malnutrition and infection contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. Anthropometric indicators of malnutrition are associated with the increased risk and severity of infections caused by many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Since childhood malnutrition commonly involves the inadequate intake of protein and calories, with superimposed micronutrient deficiencies, the causal factors involved in impaired host defense are usually not defined. This review focuses on literature related to impaired host defense and the risk of infection in primary childhood malnutrition. Particular attention is given to longitudinal and prospective cohort human studies and studies of experimental animal models that address causal, mechanistic relationships between malnutrition and host defense. Protein and micronutrient deficiencies impact the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs and compromise both innate and adaptive immune functions. Malnutrition-related changes in intestinal microbiota contribute to growth faltering and dysregulated inflammation and immune function. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the malnutrition-infection synergism, critical gaps in our understanding remain. We highlight the need for mechanistic studies that can lead to targeted interventions to improve host defense and reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases in this vulnerable population.
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Sartori T, Galvão Dos Santos G, Nogueira-Pedro A, Makiyama E, Rogero MM, Borelli P, Fock RA. Effects of glutamine, taurine and their association on inflammatory pathway markers in macrophages. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:829-838. [PMID: 29052795 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is essential for the control and elimination of infections, and macrophages are cells that act as important players in orchestrating the various parts of the inflammatory/immune response. Amino acids play important role in mediating functionality of the inflammatory response, especially mediating macrophages functions and cytokines production. We investigated the influence of glutamine, taurine and their association on the modulation of inflammatory pathway markers in macrophages. The RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line was cultivated in the presence of glutamine and taurine and proliferation rates, cell viability, cell cycle phases, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α as well as H2O2 production and the expression of the transcription factor, NFκB, and its inhibitor, IκBα, were evaluated. Our results showed an increase in viable cells and increased proliferation rates of cells treated with glutamine concentrations over 2 mM, as well as cells treated with both glutamine and taurine. The cell cycle showed a higher percentage of cells in the phases S, G2 and M when they were treated with 2 or 10 mM glutamine, or with glutamine and taurine in cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The pNFκB/NFκB showed reduced ratio expression when cells were treated with 10 mM of glutamine or with glutamine in association with taurine. These conditions also resulted in reduced TNF-α, IL-1α and H2O2 production, and higher production of IL-10. These findings demonstrate that glutamine and taurine are able to modulate macrophages inflammatory pathways, and that taurine can potentiate the effects of glutamine, illustrating their immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Sartori
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 17, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Galvão Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 17, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nogueira-Pedro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 17, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Edson Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 17, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 17, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 17, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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17
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Santos EW, Oliveira DC, Silva GB, Tsujita M, Beltran JO, Hastreiter A, Fock RA, Borelli P. Hematological alterations in protein malnutrition. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:909-919. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Gomes SP, da Silva AAP, Crisma AR, Borelli P, Hernandez-Blazquez FJ, de Melo MP, Bacci B, Loesch A, Coppi AA. Stereology shows that damaged liver recovers after protein refeeding. Nutrition 2017; 38:61-69. [PMID: 28526384 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the putative effects of a low-protein diet on the three-dimensional structure of hepatocytes and determine whether this scenario could be reversed by restoring the adequate levels of protein to the diet. METHODS Using design-based stereology, the total number and volume of hepatocytes were estimated in the liver of mice in healthy and altered (by protein malnutrition) conditions and after protein renutrition. RESULTS This study demonstrated a 65% decrease in the liver volume (3302 mm3 for the control for undernourished versus 1141 mm3 for the undernourished group) accompanied by a 46% reduction in the hepatocyte volume (8223 μm3 for the control for undernourished versus 4475 μm3 for the undernourished group) and a 90% increase in the total number of binucleate hepatocytes (1 549 393 for the control for undernourished versus 2 941 353 for the undernourished group). Reinstating a normoproteinic diet (12% casein) proved to be effective in restoring the size of hepatocytes, leading to an 85% increase in the total number of uninucleate hepatocytes (15 988 560 for the undernourished versus 29 600 520 for the renourished group), and partially reversed the liver atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Awareness of these data will add to a better morphologic understanding of malnutrition-induced hepatopathies and will help clinicians improve the diagnosis and treatment of this condition in humans and in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Pires Gomes
- Laboratory of Stochastic Stereology and Chemical Anatomy (LSSCA), Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréa Almeida Pinto da Silva
- Laboratory of Stochastic Stereology and Chemical Anatomy (LSSCA), Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rabello Crisma
- Laboratory of Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Laboratory of Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Javier Hernandez-Blazquez
- Laboratory of Stochastic Stereology and Chemical Anatomy (LSSCA), Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana P de Melo
- Department of Basic and Environmental Sciences, Engineering School of Lorena, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Lorena, Brazil
| | - Barbara Bacci
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Andrzej Loesch
- Division of Medicine, University College London School of Life and Medical Sciences, Royal Free Campus, United Kingdom
| | - A Augusto Coppi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Malnutrition in Healthy Individuals Results in Increased Mixed Cytokine Profiles, Altered Neutrophil Subsets and Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157919. [PMID: 27548305 PMCID: PMC4993519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is commonly associated with increased infectious disease susceptibility and severity. Whereas malnutrition might enhance the incidence of disease as well as its severity, active infection can in turn exacerbate malnutrition. Therefore, in a malnourished individual suffering from a severe infection, it is not possible to determine the contribution of the pre-existing malnutrition and/or the infection itself to increased disease severity. In the current study we focussed on two groups of malnourished, but otherwise healthy individuals: moderately malnourished (BMI: 18.4–16.5) and severely malnourished (BMI <16.5) and compared several immune parameters with those of individuals with a normal BMI (≥18.5). Our results show a similar haematological profile in all three groups, as well as a similar ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We found significant correlations between low BMI and increased levels of T helper (Th) 1 (Interferon (IFN)-γ, (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), as well as IL-10, IL-33 and tumor necrosis factor-α, but not IL-8 or C reactive protein. The activities of arginase, an enzyme associated with immunosuppression, were similar in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and neutrophils from all groups and no differences in the expression levels of CD3ζ, a marker of T cell activation, were observed in CD4+ and CD8+T cells. Furthermore, whereas the capacity of neutrophils from the malnourished groups to phagocytose particles was not impaired, their capacity to produce reactive oxygen species was impaired. Finally we evaluated the frequency of a subpopulation of low-density neutrophils and show that they are significantly increased in the malnourished individuals. These differences were more pronounced in the severely malnourished group. In summary, our results show that even in the absence of apparent infections, healthy malnourished individuals display dysfunctional immune responses that might contribute to increased susceptibility and severity to infectious diseases.
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20
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Role of nutrition on anemia in elderly. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 11:e1-e11. [PMID: 28531420 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anemia in elderly population have a great incidence and is related to increased mortality risk. The incidence of nutrition in anemia is about one third of the total. Caloric and protein restriction, iron, vitamin B12, folic deficiency are the causes of nutritional anemia. Protein and energy malnutrition stimulate an increased cytokines production with induction of inflammation, immunodeficiency and anemia. Anorexia and obesity can be associated with anemia due to increased cytokines and hepdicin serum level. Macrophages activity is inhibited and a decrease in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration due to ineffective erythropoiesis is observed. An adequate energy and protein diet is necessary to reduce inflammation and increase iron absorption. A minimum of 1700 kcal/day and 1.7 gr/kg/day of protein intake are necessary to maintain anabolism in chronic patients to prevent and treat anemia. Iron supplementation by intravenous injection is safe and effective to correct severe iron deficiency. The supplementation of vitamins and oligomineral are useful to reduce oxidative stress and improve RBC longevity. Anemia in elderly could be prevented by an adequate nutrition, a simple and not expensive intervention, and associated to physical exercise reduce the incidence of mortality rate.
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Moon PD, Kim MH, Oh HA, Nam SY, Han NR, Jeong HJ, Kim HM. Cysteine induces longitudinal bone growth in mice by upregulating IGF-I. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:571-6. [PMID: 26101100 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) is known to exert various effects, such as antioxidant, antipancreatitic and antidiabetic effects. However, the effects of Cys on longitudinal bone growth have not been elucidate to date. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Cys on bone growth. Growth-plate thickness and bone parameters, such as bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), connectivity density (Conn.D) and total porosity were analyzed by means of micro-computed tomography (μCT). The levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hepatic IGF-I mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) was investigated by western blot analysis. Our results revealed that Cys increased IGF-I mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. The thickness of the growth plates was increased following treatment with Cys. Moreover, BV/TV, Tb.Th, TbN, Conn.D and total porosity were improved following treatment with Cys. Hepatic IGF-I mRNA expression and serum IGF-I levels were increased by Cys. The levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT5 were elevated by Cys. The findings of our study indicate that Cys increases the thickness of growth plates through the upregulation of IGF-I, which results from the phosphorylation of JAK2-STAT5. Thus, our data suggest that Cys may have potential for use as a growth-promoting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil-Dong Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Kim
- Department of Computer Aided Mechanical Engineering, Sohae College, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 573-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-A Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Biochip Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 336‑795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
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22
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Gavia-García G, González-Martínez H, Miliar-García Á, Bonilla-González E, Rosas-Trejo MDLÁ, Königsberg M, Nájera-Medina O, Luna-López A, González-Torres MC. Oxidative damage and antioxidant defense in thymus of malnourished lactating rats. Nutrition 2015; 31:1408-15. [PMID: 26429663 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malnutrition has been associated with oxidative damage by altered antioxidant protection mechanisms. Specifically, the aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative damage (DNA and lipid) and antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and catalase [CAT] mRNA, and protein expression) in thymus from malnourished rat pups. METHODS Malnutrition was induced during the lactation period by the food competition method. Oxidative DNA damage was determined quantifying 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine adduct by high-performance liquid chromatography. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Levels of gene and protein expression of SOD, GPx, and CAT were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation significantly increased in second-degree (MN-2) and third-degree malnourished (MN-3) rats compared with well-nourished rats. Higher amounts of oxidative damage, lower mRNA expression, and lower relative concentrations of protein, as well as decreased antioxidant activity of SOD, GPx, and CAT were associated with the MN-2 and MN-3 groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrated that higher body-weight deficits were related to alterations in antioxidant protection, which contribute to increased levels of damage in the thymus. To our knowledge, this study demonstrated for the first time that early in life, malnutrition leads to increased DNA and lipid oxidative damage, attributable to damaged antioxidant mechanisms including transcriptional and enzymatic activity alterations. These findings may contribute to the elucidation of the causes of previously reported thymus dysfunction, and might explain partially why children and adults who have overcome child undernourishment experience immunologic deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Gavia-García
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, Mexico; Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, Mexico
| | - Haydeé González-Martínez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, México City, Mexico
| | - Ángel Miliar-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Edmundo Bonilla-González
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Mina Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, Mexico
| | - Oralia Nájera-Medina
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, México City, Mexico
| | - Armando Luna-López
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, México City, Mexico
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Moon PD, Kim MH, Lim HS, Oh HA, Nam SY, Han NR, Kim MJ, Jeong HJ, Kim HM. Taurine, a major amino acid of oyster, enhances linear bone growth in a mouse model of protein malnutrition. Biofactors 2015; 41:190-7. [PMID: 25963419 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oysters (Oys) contain various beneficial components, such as, antioxidants and amino acids. However, the effects of Oys or taurine (Tau), a major amino acid in Oys on bone growth have not been determined. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Oys or Tau on linear bone growth in a mouse model of protein malnutrition. To make the protein malnutrition in a mouse, we used a low protein diet. Growth plate thickness was increased by Oys or Tau. Bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, connection density, and total porosity were also improved by Oys or Tau. Oys or Tau increased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in serum, liver, and tibia-growth plate. Phosphorylations of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) were increased by Oys and by Tau. These findings show that Oys or Tau may increase growth plate thickness by elevating IGF-1 levels and by promoting the phosphorylations of JAK2-STAT5, and suggest that Oys or Tau are growth-promoting substances of potential use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil-Dong Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Kim
- Department of Computer Aided Mechanical Engineering, Sohae College, Gunsan, Jeonbuk, 573-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Sun Lim
- Du Wha Com., Deokjeong-ri, Samseong-myeon, Eumseong-gun, Chungbuk, 369-833, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-A Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong-Jo Kim
- Oriental Bio-herb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Inflammatory Disease Research Center and Biochip Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-ri, Baebang-myun, Asan, Chungnam, 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Corware K, Yardley V, Mack C, Schuster S, Al-Hassi H, Herath S, Bergin P, Modolell M, Munder M, Müller I, Kropf P. Protein energy malnutrition increases arginase activity in monocytes and macrophages. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:51. [PMID: 25392710 PMCID: PMC4228191 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein energy malnutrition is commonly associated with immune dysfunctions and is a major factor in susceptibility to infectious diseases. Methods In this study, we evaluated the impact of protein energy malnutrition on the capacity of monocytes and macrophages to upregulate arginase, an enzyme associated with immunosuppression and increased pathogen replication. Results Our results show that monocytes and macrophages are significantly increased in the bone marrow and blood of mice fed on a protein low diet. No alteration in the capacity of bone marrow derived macrophages isolated from malnourished mice to phagocytose particles, to produce the microbicidal molecule nitric oxide and to kill intracellular Leishmania parasites was detected. However, macrophages and monocytes from malnourished mice express significantly more arginase both in vitro and in vivo. Using an experimental model of visceral leishmaniasis, we show that following protein energy malnutrition, the increased parasite burden measured in the spleen of these mice coincided with increased arginase activity and that macrophages provide a more permissive environment for parasite growth. Conclusions Taken together, these results identify a novel mechanism in protein energy malnutrition that might contributes to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases by upregulating arginase activity in myeloid cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1743-7075-11-51) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Corware
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- Immunology and Infection Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Christopher Mack
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Steffen Schuster
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hafid Al-Hassi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Shanthi Herath
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Philip Bergin
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Modolell
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Max-Planck-Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Munder
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingrid Müller
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Pascale Kropf
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG UK
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25
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de Oliveira DC, Hastreiter AA, Mello AS, de Oliveira Beltran JS, Oliveira Santos EWC, Borelli P, Fock RA. The effects of protein malnutrition on the TNF-RI and NF-κB expression via the TNF-α signaling pathway. Cytokine 2014; 69:218-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Nakajima K, Crisma AR, Silva GB, Rogero MM, Fock RA, Borelli P. Malnutrition suppresses cell cycle progression of hematopoietic progenitor cells in mice via cyclin D1 down-regulation. Nutrition 2014; 30:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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27
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Furmaga-Jabłońska W, Ułamek-Kozioł M, Brzozowska J, Tarkowska A, Pluta R. Malnutrition in the 21st century. Nutrition 2013; 30:242-3. [PMID: 24268308 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Judyta Brzozowska
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Tarkowska
- Department of Neonate and Infant Pathology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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28
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Smith SE, Ramos RA, Refinetti R, Farthing JP, Paterson PG. Protein-energy malnutrition induces an aberrant acute-phase response and modifies the circadian rhythm of core temperature. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:844-53. [PMID: 23855272 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), present in 12%-19% of stroke patients upon hospital admission, appears to be a detrimental comorbidity factor that impairs functional outcome, but the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Because ischemic brain injury is highly temperature-sensitive, the objectives of this study were to investigate whether PEM causes sustained changes in temperature that are associated with an inflammatory response. Activity levels were recorded as a possible explanation for the immediate elevation in temperature upon introduction to a low protein diet. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were fed a control diet (18% protein) or a low protein diet (PEM, 2% protein) for either 7 or 28 days. Continuous core temperature recordings from bioelectrical sensor transmitters demonstrated a rapid increase in temperature amplitude, sustained over 28 days, in response to a low protein diet. Daily mean temperature rose transiently by day 2 (p = 0.01), falling to normal by day 4 (p = 0.08), after which mean temperature continually declined as malnutrition progressed. There were no alterations in activity mean (p = 0.3) or amplitude (p = 0.2) that were associated with the early rise in mean temperature. Increased serum alpha-2-macroglobulin (p < 0.001) and decreased serum albumin (p ≤ 0.005) combined with a decrease in serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (p < 0.001) suggest an atypical acute-phase response. In contrast, a low protein diet had no effect on the signaling pathway of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor, NFκB, in the hippocampus. In conclusion, PEM induces an aberrant and sustained acute-phase response coupled with long-lasting effects on body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari E Smith
- a College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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29
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Borges MC, Vinolo MA, Crisma AR, Fock RA, Borelli P, Tirapegui J, Curi R, Rogero MM. High-fat diet blunts activation of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages of Wistar rats. Nutrition 2013; 29:443-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Borges MC, Vinolo MAR, Nakajima K, de Castro IA, Bastos DHM, Borelli P, Fock RA, Tirapegui J, Curi R, Rogero MM. The effect of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in high-fat diet-fed Wistar rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:561-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.759188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Fock RA, Vinolo MAR, Blatt SL, Borelli P. Impairment of the hematological response and interleukin-1β production in protein-energy malnourished mice after endotoxemia with lipopolysaccharide. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:1163-71. [PMID: 22983177 PMCID: PMC3854220 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine if protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) could affect the hematologic response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production, leukocyte migration, and blood leukocyte expression of CD11a/CD18. Two-month-old male Swiss mice were submitted to PEM (N = 30) with a low-protein diet (14 days) containing 4% protein, compared to 20% protein in the control group (N = 30). The total cellularity of blood, bone marrow, spleen, and bronchoalveolar lavage evaluated after the LPS stimulus indicated reduced number of total cells in all compartments studied and different kinetics of migration in malnourished animals. The in vitro migration assay showed reduced capacity of migration after the LPS stimulus in malnourished animals (45.7 ± 17.2 × 104 cells/mL) compared to control (69.6 ± 7.1 × 104 cells/mL, P ≤ 0.05), but there was no difference in CD11a/CD18 expression on the surface of blood leukocytes. In addition, the production of IL-1β in vivo after the LPS stimulus (180.7 pg·h−1·mL−1), and in vitro by bone marrow and spleen cells (41.6 ± 15.0 and 8.3 ± 4.0 pg/mL) was significantly lower in malnourished animals compared to control (591.1 pg·h−1·mL−1, 67.0 ± 23.0 and 17.5 ± 8.0 pg/mL, respectively, P ≤ 0.05). The reduced expression of IL-1β, together with the lower number of leukocytes in the central and peripheral compartments, different leukocyte kinetics, and reduced leukocyte migration capacity are factors that interfere with the capacity to mount an adequate immune response, being partly responsible for the immunodeficiency observed in PEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Fock
- Laboratório de Hematologia Experimental, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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