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Turpin T, Thouvenot K, Gonthier MP. Adipokines and Bacterial Metabolites: A Pivotal Molecular Bridge Linking Obesity and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis to Target. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1692. [PMID: 38136564 PMCID: PMC10742113 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are essential mediators produced by adipose tissue and exert multiple biological functions. In particular, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, IL-6, MCP-1 and PAI-1 play specific roles in the crosstalk between adipose tissue and other organs involved in metabolic, immune and vascular health. During obesity, adipokine imbalance occurs and leads to a low-grade pro-inflammatory status, promoting insulin resistance-related diabetes and its vascular complications. A causal link between obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis has been demonstrated. The deregulation of gut bacteria communities characterizing this dysbiosis influences the synthesis of bacterial substances including lipopolysaccharides and specific metabolites, generated via the degradation of dietary components, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine metabolized into trimethylamine-oxide in the liver and indole derivatives. Emerging evidence suggests that these bacterial metabolites modulate signaling pathways involved in adipokine production and action. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular links between gut bacteria-derived metabolites and adipokine imbalance in obesity, and emphasizes their roles in key pathological mechanisms related to oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance and vascular disorder. Given this interaction between adipokines and bacterial metabolites, the review highlights their relevance (i) as complementary clinical biomarkers to better explore the metabolic, inflammatory and vascular complications during obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis, and (ii) as targets for new antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic triple action strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; (T.T.); (K.T.)
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Lopes KLS, Figueiredo N, Kattah FM, Lima GC, Oliveira ES, Horst MA, Oyama LM, Dâmaso AR, Whitton RGM, de Souza Abreu V, Duarte ACS, Pimentel GD, Corgosinho FC. The degree of food processing can influence serum fatty acid and lipid profiles in women with severe obesity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1046710. [PMID: 37786791 PMCID: PMC10541961 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1046710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increase in the prevalence of obesity is associated with the increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods and may be related to the increase in the disorders involving metabolism and the transport and storage of fatty acids. Objective To evaluate the effect of processed food consumption according to the degree of processing on the serum fatty acid levels and lipid profile of women with severe obesity. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from anthropometric assessments, the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and blood tests for lipidogram studies and serum fatty acid measurements. The foods consumed were identified through the FFQ and classified according to the degree of processing based on the NOVA rating, and the frequencies of consumption were transformed into scores, as proposed by Fornés methodology. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21. The significance level for the analysis was set at 5%. Results This study included 44 women with a mean age of 40.59 years and mean body mass index of 48.61 kg/m2. An inverse association was observed between the consumption of unprocessed and the occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.021) and levels of triglycerides (p = 0.047), total cholesterol (p = 0.030), and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.039). The consumption of processed foods was positively associated with the presence of hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.044) and omega 6/3 ratio (p = 0.001) and negatively associated with total omega 3 levels (p = 0.011). The consumption of processed foods was positively associated with total cholesterol (p = 0.041) and negatively associated with the omega 3/6 ratio (p = 0.001). A negative correlation was found between the average consumption of ultra-processed foods (at least once a week) and serum level of high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.035). Conclusion The consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods was associated with unfavorable lipid profiles and fatty acid levels in women with severe obesity. These results emphasize the importance of promoting the consumption of unprocessed food to mitigate metabolic disorders linked to processed food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem Lays Soares Lopes
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Nayra Figueiredo
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Martins Kattah
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Carielo Lima
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Emilly Santos Oliveira
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Maria Aderuza Horst
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Nutrition Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Raimunda Dâmaso
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition, Paulista Medicine School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amélia Cristina Stival Duarte
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Pimentel
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Flávia Campos Corgosinho
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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He W, Xi Q, Cui H, Zhang P, Huang R, Wang T, Wang D. Liang-Ge Decoction Ameliorates Coagulation Dysfunction in Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis Model Rats through Inhibiting PAD4-Dependent Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:5042953. [PMID: 37159591 PMCID: PMC10163969 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5042953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Liang-Ge (LG) decoction could ameliorate coagulation dysfunction in septic model rats. However, the mechanism of LG in treating sepsis still needs to be clarified. Our current study established a septic rat model to evaluate the effect of LG on coagulation dysfunction in septic rats first. Second, we investigated the effect of LG on NET formation in septic rats. Finally, NETs and PAD4 inhibitors were further used to clarify if LG could improve the mechanism of sepsis coagulation dysfunction by inhibiting NET formation. Our findings indicated that treatment with LG improved the survival rate, reduced inflammatory factor levels, enhanced hepatic and renal function, and reduced pathological changes in rats with sepsis. LG could also alleviate coagulation dysfunction in septic model rats. Besides, LG treatment reduced NETs formation and decreased PAD4 expression in neutrophiles. In addition, LG treatment showed a similar result in comparison to the treatment with either NET inhibitors or PAD4 inhibitors alone. In conclusion, this study confirmed that LG has therapeutic effects on septic rats. Furthermore, the improvement of coagulation dysfunction in septic rats by LG was achieved through inhibiting PAD4-mediated NET formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju He
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Xi
- Department of Practice and Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huantian Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Taihuan Wang
- Department of Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongqiang Wang
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Della Guardia L, Codella R. Exercise Restores Hypothalamic Health in Obesity by Reshaping the Inflammatory Network. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020297. [PMID: 36829858 PMCID: PMC9951965 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overnutrition induce inflammation, leptin-, and insulin resistance in the hypothalamus. The mediobasal hypothalamus responds to exercise enabling critical adaptions at molecular and cellular level that positively impact local inflammation. This review discusses the positive effect of exercise on obesity-induced hypothalamic dysfunction, highlighting the mechanistic aspects related to the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. In HFD-fed animals, both acute and chronic moderate-intensity exercise mitigate microgliosis and lower inflammation in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Notably, this associates with restored leptin sensitivity and lower food intake. Exercise-induced cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 mediate part of these positive effect on the ARC in obese animals. The reduction of obesity-associated pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., FFAs, TNFα, resistin, and AGEs), and the improvement in the gut-brain axis represent alternative paths through which regular exercise can mitigate hypothalamic inflammation. These findings suggest that the regular practice of exercise can restore a proper functionality in the hypothalamus in obesity. Further analysis investigating the crosstalk muscle-hypothalamus would help toward a deeper comprehension of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50330356
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mediate downregulation of adiponectin in type 2 diabetes patients with metabolic syndrome. Cytokine X 2022; 4:100064. [PMID: 35128381 PMCID: PMC8803603 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2022.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Adiponectin and PAI-1 levels are associated with the Metabolic abnormalities. This study demonstrates that subjects with MetS have low adiponectin and higher PAI-1 levels compare to non-MetS. Higher PAI-1 levels are associated with higher odds of risk and prevalence of MetS. Pharmacological targeting of PAI-1 is necessary for MetS management.
Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease characterized by metabolic abnormalities. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) is a key factor of the fibrinolysis its expression is elevated in insulin resistance, obesity, and MetS. In addition, an adiponectin produced by adipocytes is also key factor in MetS. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PAI-1, adiponectin levels in MetS. Patients and Methods A total of 379 subjects were analyse in this cross-sectional study. MetS was defined by NCEP ATP-III criteria. Anthropometric, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, PAI-1, and adiponectin were measured. Results PAI-1 levels were higher in MetS compared with non-MetS. In addition, adiponectin levels were significantly lower in MetS compared to non-MetS. Furthermore, increased level of PAI-1 corresponds with increase in prevalence of MetS. PAI-1 levels were significantly associated with MetS (OR = 2.51, CI = 1.23 – 5.14; p = 0.039). Conclusion PAI-1 increases the risk of MetS. PAI-1 and adiponectin regulation is useful in assesing the presence and severity of MetS. Further pharmacological targeting of PAI-1 studies are necessary for MetS management.
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Hintze LJ, Kravchychyn ACP, Ferreira YAM, Campos RMDS, Dantas ADA, Masquio DCL, Caranti DA, Thivel D, Dâmaso AR. Semi-intensive and Intensive Interdisciplinary Treatments Have Similar Effects on Metabolic Syndrome and Selected Inflammatory Markers in Adolescents with Obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:386-395. [PMID: 34966004 PMCID: PMC8735820 DOI: 10.7570/jomes21049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the present study was to compare the impact of semi-intensive and intensive interdisciplinary weight-loss therapies on the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS) and selected inflammatory markers in adolescents with obesity. Methods The study included 166 adolescents enrolled in two groups for 22 weeks: the intensive group (in-person aerobic and resistance exercise three times a week, and psychological and nutritional counselling once a week), or the semi-intensive group (six in-person exercise orientation meetings and six in-person psychological support sessions with an online nutritional and exercise program). Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, triglycerides (TG), leptin and adiponectin were assessed before and after the interventions. Results Body weight and waist circumference decreased in both groups (P<0.001) and large effect sizes (η2= 0.586 and η2=0.465, respectively) were noted. Significant time and group interactions were found (P=0.001) with medium effect sizes (η2=0.095 and η2=0.105, respectively). The prevalence of MS decreased from 27.9% to 13.1% (P=0.012) and 29.4% to 5.9% (P=0.004) in the semi-intensive and intensive groups, respectively. All MS risk factors decreased significantly over time (P<0.001) and a significant time*group interaction was observed (P<0.05), except for fasting TG (P=0.832) and glucose (P=0.128, η2=0.021). Conclusion The results suggested that both approaches promoted significant clinical improvement in the condition of adolescents with MS and reduced associated risk factors. Studies that consider the cost effectiveness of both treatments are still needed to determine whether semi-intensive care, with its lower financial costs, may be a suitable option to treat obesity and MS in adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Jaeger Hintze
- Department of Biosciences, Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos
- Department of Biosciences, Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Danielle Arisa Caranti
- Department of Biosciences, Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, Brazil
| | - David Thivel
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ana R Dâmaso
- Department of Biosciences, Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Monteiro PA, Freitas Junior IF, Zagatto AM, Ribeiro JPJ, Cabral-Santos C, Inoue DS, Gerosa-Neto J, Lira FS. Acute effect of high-intensity interval training on metabolic and inflammatory markers in obese and overweight adolescents: Pilot study. EUR J INFLAMM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739219877710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still unclear whether a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocol is effective for promoting anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic responses. The objective of this study was to analyze the acute effects of HIIE on inflammatory and metabolic responses in obese and overweight girls and boys. Initially, the body composition of 19 sedentary volunteers was evaluated. The participants completed an interval experimental run on a treadmill (2:1 min at 95% maximum velocity, totaling ~3 km) and blood samples were collected at rest and immediately after the exercise protocol. Serum was analyzed for interleukins 6 and 10 (IL-6 and IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cortisol, glucose, triacylglycerol (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and the lipoprotein profile. Under baseline conditions, the groups of boys and girls exhibited differences in the anthropometry measures for fat-free mass ( p = 0.011), gynoid fat ( p = 0.002), visceral fat ( p = 0.004), and glucose ( p = 0.031). After the exercise session, cholesterol, glucose, NEFA, PAI-1, IL-10, and TNF-α did not demonstrate effects for time, group, or interaction under the different conditions. Cortisol (F = 9.018; p = 0.008; partial η2 = 0.347), TG (F = 25.189; p < 0.0001; partial η2 = 0.597), and IL-6 levels (F = 6.543; p = 0.020; partial η2 = 0.278) showed an effect for time. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that HIIE promoted an immune-endocrine response, increasing cortisol and IL-6 levels immediately after the exercise protocol in overweight and obese girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Alves Monteiro
- Center and Prescription Motor Activity Laboratory, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ismael Forte Freitas Junior
- Center and Prescription Motor Activity Laboratory, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Human Performance (FAFIDE), Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Cabral-Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Daniela Sayuri Inoue
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - José Gerosa-Neto
- Department of Physical Education, University Center of Maringá (UniCESUMAR), Maringá, Brazil
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Alotaibi FT, Peng B, Klausen C, Lee AF, Abdelkareem AO, Orr NL, Noga H, Bedaiwy MA, Yong PJ. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in endometriosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219064. [PMID: 31315131 PMCID: PMC6637014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is defined as an endometriotic lesion penetrating to a depth of >5 mm and is associated with pelvic pain, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Our objective is to investigate whether plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression (PAI-1) in endometriotic tissues is increased in women with DIE. Methods In this blinded in vitro study, immunohistochemistry and Histoscore were used to examine the expression of PAI-1 in glandular epithelium (GECs) and stroma (SCs) in a total of 62 women: deep infiltrating uterosacral/rectovaginal endometriosis (DIE; n = 13), ovarian endometrioma (OMA; n = 14), superficial peritoneal uterosacral/cul-de-sac endometriosis (SUP; n = 23), uterine (eutopic) endometrium from women with endometriosis (UE; n = 6), and non-endometriosis eutopic endometrium (UC; n = 6). The following patient characteristics were also collected: age, American Fertility Society stage, hormonal suppression, phase of menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhea score and deep dyspareunia score. Results PAI-1 expression in GECs and SCs of the DIE group was significantly higher than that of SUP group (p = 0.01, p = 0.01, respectively) and UE group (p = 0.03, p = 0.04, respectively). Interestingly, increased PAI-1 expression in GECs and SCs was also significantly correlated with increased dysmenorrhea (r = 0.38, p = 0.01; r = 0.34, p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions We found higher expression of PAI-1 in DIE, and an association between PAI-1 and worse dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad T. Alotaibi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anna F. Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amr O. Abdelkareem
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Natasha L. Orr
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Heather Noga
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mohamed A. Bedaiwy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Paul J. Yong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Corgosinho FC, Almeida SS, Tock L, Pesquero JB, Araújo RC, Clemente APG, Dal'Molin Netto B, da Silveira Campos RM, Masquio DCL, de Carvalho Ferreira JP, de Lima Sanches P, de Piano Ganen A, Rogero MM, Oyama LM, Tufik S, de Mello MT, Dâmaso AR. LEPR polymorphism may affect energy balance during weight loss among Brazilians obese adolescents. Neuropeptides 2017; 66:18-24. [PMID: 28801068 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin is an adipokine released mainly by adipose tissue, with many functions including regulation of energy balance. However, little is known about the effect of LEPR polymorphism on orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides. Thus, the aim of the present study is to verify the influence of LEPR polymorphism (rs2767485) on serum orexigenic (NPY, MCH and AgRP) and anorexigenic (Leptin and α-MSH) neuropeptides levels among obese adolescents submitted to 1year of multicomponent weight loss therapy. METHODS Seventy-six adolescents with obesity were enrolled in 1year of weight loss therapy including clinical, nutritional, psychological and exercise-related. Blood samples were collected to analyze neuropeptides (NPY, MCH, AgRP and leptin) and LEPR genotyping. Visceral fat was measured by ultrasound and body composition was measured by plethysmography. The parameters were measured at baseline and after one year. Adolescents were grouped according to genotype (TT or CT+CC group). Effect of the weight loss therapy was analyzed through ANOVA and Wilcox, according to normality. Statistic value was set at <0.05. RESULTS C-allele carriers have the orexigenic neuropeptides (NPY, AgRP and MCH) levels statistically higher when compared with TT group, at baseline. Furthermore, TT group seems to respond better to the therapy by a greater delta on BMI. Indeed, the data suggest a concomitant increased of AgRP levels in CT+CC genotypes, after weight loss therapy. CONCLUSION Both groups responded to the weight loss intervention, however wildtypes (TT) appear to respond to the intervention most optimally with C carries, where post intervention reduction in BMI was significantly greater in wildtypes. The leptin receptor polymorphism seems to affect neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance among adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Campos Corgosinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Paulista Medicine School - UNIFESP -EPM - São Paulo UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sandro Soares Almeida
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Paulista Medicine School - UNIFESP -EPM - São Paulo UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Paulista Medicine School - UNIFESP -EPM - São Paulo UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Carvalho Araújo
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Paulista Medicine School - UNIFESP -EPM - São Paulo UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Dal'Molin Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Paulista Medicine School - UNIFESP -EPM - São Paulo UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Paulista Medicine School - UNIFESP -EPM - São Paulo UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Joana Pereira de Carvalho Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Paulista Medicine School - UNIFESP -EPM - São Paulo UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Lima Sanches
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Paulista Medicine School - UNIFESP -EPM - São Paulo UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Departamento de Nutrição da Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Paulista Medicine School - UNIFESP -EPM - São Paulo UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Paulista Medicine School - UNIFESP -EPM - São Paulo UNIFESP-EPM, SãoPaulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Paulista Medicine School - UNIFESP -EPM - São Paulo UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Raimunda Dâmaso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Paulista Medicine School - UNIFESP -EPM - São Paulo UNIFESP-EPM, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Munhoz da Silveira Campos R, Missae Oyama L, Landi Masquio DC, de Castro Ferreira Vicente SE, Campos Corgosinho F, Pelissari Kravchychyn AC, Tock L, Tufik S, Túlio de Mello M, Dâmaso AR. The Role of Insulin Resistance on FGF-21 and Inflammatory Markers in Obese Adolescents Undergoing Multicomponent Long-Term Weight Loss Therapy. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10313484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a long-term weight loss therapy in two groups (insulin resistance [IR] and non-insulin resistance [non-IR]) of obese adolescents based on metabolic profile, biomarkers of inflammation, and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) concentrations.
Methods: Obese adolescents (15–19 years) were randomised into two groups (IR=8 and non-IR=9) and monitored through clinical, exercise training, nutritional, and psychological counselling over 1 year. Measurements of inflammatory biomarkers and FGF-21 were performed. The effects of therapy were verified by two-way ANOVA and post hoc analyses were performed (α ≤5%).
Results: A reduction in body mass, visceral fat, and an increase in adiponectin in both groups was found. Only the non-IR group demonstrated improved BMI, body fat mass, lean body mass, and waist circumference. Indeed, in the non-IR group, FGF-21 presence was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lean body mass and inversely correlated with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and triglycerides. In the IR group, there was a reduction in FGF-21 concentration, adiponectin/leptin ratio, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. FGF-21 was negatively correlated with delta-triglycerides, waist circumference, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The IR prevalence reduced from 47% to 23.5% in the studied population.
Conclusions: Although the multicomponent clinical approach improves, in both analysed groups and in both metabolic and inflammatory states, the presence of IR resulted in a reduction in both FGF-21 concentration and adiponectin/leptin ratio. Additionally, in the IR group, FGF-21 was negatively correlated with proinflammatory markers, and in the non-IR group it was positively associated with high-density lipoprotein, suggesting its role in the control of inflammation counteracting IR. In this way, we suggest that IR can impair the anti-inflammatory effects of FGF-21. It will be helpful if these results can be confirmed in a large cohort, underlying physiological mechanisms to explore how these results can help in setting up more prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Paulista Medicine School–Universidade Federal de São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Paulista Medicine School–Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana R. Dâmaso
- Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Paulista Medicine School–Universidade Federal de São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Impact of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Dosing on Patients Weighing More Than 100 kg on 3-Month Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:1041-1046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Ji Y, Weng Z, Fish P, Goyal N, Luo M, Myears SP, Strawn TL, Chandrasekar B, Wu J, Fay WP. Pharmacological Targeting of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Decreases Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Neointima Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2167-2175. [PMID: 27659097 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor that promotes and inhibits cell migration, plays a complex and important role in adverse vascular remodeling. Little is known about the effects of pharmacological PAI-1 inhibitors, an emerging drug class, on migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), crucial mediators of vascular remodeling. We investigated the effects of PAI-039 (tiplaxtinin), a specific PAI-1 inhibitor, on SMC and EC migration in vitro and vascular remodeling in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS PAI-039 inhibited SMC migration through collagen gels, including those supplemented with vitronectin and other extracellular matrix proteins, but did not inhibit migration of PAI-1-deficient SMCs, suggesting that its antimigratory effects were PAI-1-specific and physiologically relevant. However, PAI-039 did not inhibit EC migration. PAI-039 inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 in SMCs, but had no discernable effect on signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 signaling in ECs. Expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, a motogenic PAI-1 receptor that activates Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 signaling, was markedly lower in ECs than in SMCs. Notably, PAI-039 significantly inhibited intimal hyperplasia and inflammation in murine models of adverse vascular remodeling, but did not adversely affect re-endothelialization after endothelium-denuding mechanical vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS PAI-039 inhibits SMC migration and intimal hyperplasia, while having no inhibitory effect on ECs, which seems to be because of differences in PAI-1-dependent low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 signaling between SMCs and ECs. These findings suggest that PAI-1 may be an important therapeutic target in obstructive vascular diseases characterized by neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ji
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Zhen Weng
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Philip Fish
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Neha Goyal
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Mao Luo
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Samantha P Myears
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Tammy L Strawn
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Jianbo Wu
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - William P Fay
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO.
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Transgenic Adipose-specific Expression of the Nuclear Receptor RORα Drives a Striking Shift in Fat Distribution and Impairs Glycemic Control. EBioMedicine 2016; 11:101-117. [PMID: 27568222 PMCID: PMC5049998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RORα is a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily and analysis of the (global) RORα-deficient mouse model revealed this NR has a role in glycemic control and fat deposition. Therefore, we generated an adipose-specific RORα ‘gain of function’ mouse model under the control of the fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) promoter to elucidate the function of RORα in adipose tissue. The Tg-FABP4-RORα4 mice demonstrated a shift in fat distribution to non-adipose tissues when challenged with a high fat diet (HFD). Specifically, we observed a subcutaneous lipodystrophy, accompanied by hepatomegaly (fatty liver/mild portal fibrosis) and splenomegaly; in a background of decreased weight gain and total body fat after HFD. Moreover, we observed significantly higher fasting blood glucose and impaired clearance of glucose in Tg-FABP4-RORα4 mice. Genome wide expression and qPCR profiling analysis identified: (i) subcutaneous adipose specific decreases in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, lipid droplet expansion and glycemic control, and (ii) the fibrosis pathway as the most significant pathway [including dysregulation of the collagen/extracellular matrix (ECM) pathways] in subcutaneous adipose and liver. The pathology presented in the Tg-FABP4-RORα4 mice is reminiscent of human metabolic disease (associated with aberrant ECM expression) highlighting the therapeutic potential of this NR. Adipose-specific expression of RORα is associated with subcutaneous lipodystrophy and hepatomegaly with fibrosis. The phenotype is associated with impaired glycemic control and decreased weight gain on a high fat diet. Gene expression profiling reveals significant dysregulation of extra cellular matrix signaling.
We have generated a ‘gain of function’ animal model with the nuclear hormone receptor RORα4 to understand the function of this protein in fat. Over expression of the RORα4 gene, was associated with fat deposition in non-adipose tissues on a high fat diet. Moreover, we observed a decrease in fat tissue (located under the skin) accompanied by enlargement of the liver and spleen. In addition, over expression of this receptor was associated with impaired glycemic control. The pathology in this animal model is reminiscent of metabolic disease in humans, highlighting the therapeutic potential of pharmacologically manipulating this nuclear receptor.
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Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) associated with aerobic plus resistance training to improve inflammatory biomarkers in obese adults. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:1553-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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The role of multicomponent therapy in the metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cardiovascular risk in obese adolescents. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1920-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterised by low-grade inflammation, which increases the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risks. The aim of the present study was to verify the role of multicomponent therapy in controlling the MetS, inflammation and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in obese adolescents. The second aim was to investigate the relationships between adipokines, the MetS parameters and cIMT. A total of sixty-nine obese adolescents participated in the present study and completed 1 year of multicomponent therapy (a combination of strategies involving nutrition, psychology, physical exercise and clinical therapy), and were divided according to their MetS diagnosis as follows: MetS (n 19); non-MetS (n 50). Blood analyses of glucose, lipid and adipokine concentrations (adiponectin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and C-reactive protein) were collected. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and homeostasis model assessment-adiponectin. cIMT and visceral and subcutaneous fat were estimated using ultrasonography. At baseline, the MetS group presented higher waist circumference, glucose and insulin levels, and systolic and median blood pressures compared with the non-MetS group. After therapy, both groups showed improvements in the anthropometric profile, body composition, insulin level, insulin resistance, insulin sensibility, TAG and VLDL-cholesterol, adiponectin, leptin and PAI-1 levels, blood pressure and cIMT. The prevalence of the MetS was reduced from 27·5 to 13·0 %. Metabolic syndrome patients showed resistance in the attenuation of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and leptin:adiponectin and adiponectin:leptin ratios. In the MetS group, the variation in the adiponectin:leptin ratio was correlated with variations in glucose, insulin sensibility, total cholesterol, LDL-c and systolic blood pressure. Additionally, the number of MetS parameters was correlated with the carotid measurement. Moreover, the variation in cIMT was correlated with the variations in insulin sensibility, total cholesterol and LDL-c. For the entire group, the number of MetS alterations was correlated with the leptin level and leptin:adiponectin ratio and adiponectin:leptin ratio after therapy. In conclusion, multicomponent therapy was effective in controlling the MetS, inflammation and cIMT in the obese adolescents. However, the MetS patients showed resistance in the attenuation of the atherogenic lipid profile and leptin:adiponectin ratio and adiponectin:leptin ratio. These results suggest that the MetS patients have increased cardiovascular risks, and that it is important to attempt to control the inflammatory process that occurs due to obesity in clinical practice in order to improve the health of adolescents.
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Corgosinho FC, Ackel-D'Elia C, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR, de Piano A, Sanches PDL, Campos RMDS, Silva PL, Carnier J, Tock L, Andersen ML, Moreira GA, Pradella-Hallinan M, Oyama LM, de Mello MT. Beneficial Effects of a Multifaceted 1-Year Lifestyle Intervention on Metabolic Abnormalities in Obese Adolescents With and Without Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015; 13:110-8. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2014.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Campos Corgosinho
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ackel-D'Elia
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Raimunda Dâmaso
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline de Piano
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Lima Sanches
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Leão Silva
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - June Carnier
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Antônio Moreira
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Pradella-Hallinan
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Nourbakhsh M, Nourbakhsh M, Gholinejad Z, Razzaghy-Azar M. Visfatin in obese children and adolescents and its association with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2015; 75:183-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2014.1003594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Adipose tissue dysregulation and metabolic consequences in childhood and adolescent obesity: potential impact of dietary fat quality. Proc Nutr Soc 2014; 74:67-82. [PMID: 25497038 DOI: 10.1017/s002966511400158x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that at a population level, childhood and adolescent obesity increase the long-term risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and CVD. At an individual level, however, the metabolic consequences of obesity in youth vary immensely. Despite comparable BMI, some adolescents develop impaired glucose tolerance while others maintain normal glucose homeostasis. It has been proposed that the variation in the capacity to store lipid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) may partially discriminate metabolically healthy from unhealthy obesity. In positive energy balance, a decreased capacity to expand SAT may drive lipid accumulation to visceral adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle. This state of lipotoxicity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. The present review examines the differential adipose tissue development and function in children and adolescents who exhibit metabolic dysregulation compared with those who are protected. Additionally, the role of manipulating dietary fat quality to potentially prevent and treat metabolic dysfunction in obesity will be discussed. The findings of the present review highlight the need for further randomised controlled trials to establish the effect of dietary n-3 PUFA on the metabolic phenotype of obese children and adolescents. Furthermore, using a personalised nutrition approach to target interventions to those at risk of, or those with established metabolic dysregulation may optimise the efficacy of modifying dietary fat quality.
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Kehler DS, Stammers AN, Susser SE, Hamm NC, Kimber DE, Hlynsky MW, Duhamel TA. Cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes in youth. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 93:496-510. [PMID: 25629355 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in youth has increased dramatically over the past decades. The literature also suggests that the progression from an impaired glucose tolerance state to established T2DM is more rapid in youth, compared to adults. The presence of significant cardiovascular complications in youth with T2DM, including cardiac, macrovascular, and microvascular remodeling, is another major issue in this younger cohort and poses a significant threat to the healthcare system. However, this issue is only now emerging as a major public health concern, with few data to support optimal treatment targets and strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in youth with T2DM. Accordingly, the purpose of this minireview is to better understand the cardiovascular complications in youth with T2DM. We briefly describe the pathophysiology from youth studies, including oxidative stress, inflammation, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, and epigenetics, which link T2DM and CVD. We also describe the literature concerning the early signs of CVD in youth and potential treatment options to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Scott Kehler
- a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Andrew N Stammers
- a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Shanel E Susser
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba
| | - Naomi C Hamm
- a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Dustin E Kimber
- a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Michael W Hlynsky
- a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- a Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University Of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba.,d Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Sanches PL, de Mello MT, Elias N, Fonseca FAH, Campos RMS, Carnier J, de Piano A, Masquio DCL, Silva PL, Oyama LM, Corgosinho FC, Nascimento CMO, Tock L, D'Elia CA, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR. Hyperleptinemia: implications on the inflammatory state and vascular protection in obese adolescents submitted to an interdisciplinary therapy. Inflammation 2014; 37:35-43. [PMID: 23928876 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The low-grade systemic inflammation seen in obesity may affect the actions of some adipose tissue-derived adipokines that are involved in the regulation of vascular function. We sought to verify whether hyperleptinemia may influence the inflammatory and atherogenic responses in obese adolescents undergoing interdisciplinary therapy. Thirty-four obese adolescents underwent interdisciplinary therapy for 1 year. Subjects were considered hyperleptinemic if they had baseline values of leptin above 20 ng/mL for boys and 24 ng/mL for girls. Both groups showed an improvement in body composition and a reduction in carotid intima-media thickness. However, only subjects in the non-hyperleptinemic group showed an increase in adiponectin concentration after therapy. Moreover, leptin concentration was positively correlated with adiponectin and inversely correlated with PAI-1 in this group. Hyperleptinemic state may impair the attenuation of inflammation in obese adolescents undergoing interdisciplinary therapy, particularly by impeding the increase in adiponectin concentration, which is directly involved in vascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila L Sanches
- Post-graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jamar G, Pisani LP, Oyama LM, Belote C, Masquio DCL, Furuya VA, Carvalho-Ferreira JP, Andrade-Silva SG, Dâmaso AR, Caranti DA. Is the neck circumference an emergent predictor for inflammatory status in obese adults? Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:217-24. [PMID: 23409690 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a prothrombotic adipokine involved in the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis that associated with proinflammatory adipokines may increase the risk related to obesity. Anthropometric measures are commonly used in clinical practice and, currently, neck circumference (NC) has been used as a marker of cardiovascular risk that can favour inflammatory factors. OBJECTIVE To verify the possible correlations between prothrombotic and pro/anti-inflammatory markers with anthropometric measurements in obese. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 43 obese adults were enrolled. The variables include body mass, stature, body mass index (BMI), NC, chest circumference (CC), abdominal circumference (AC), hip circumference (HC), blood pressure and blood collection used to assess the level of adipokines. RESULTS The sample was stratified by BMI. PAI-1 levels were positively correlated with body mass (r=0.31, p=0.04), NC (r=0.43, p=0.004), CC (r=0.40, p=0.004), AC (r=0.37, p=0.01), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.35, p=0.03), leptin/adiponectin ratio (r=0.36, p=0.01) and negatively correlated with adiponectin (r=-0.34, p=0.02). In stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, NC showed to be an independent predictor to PAI-1 when adjusted for gender and BMI, according to the age (β=0.47, p=0.02 and β=0.42, p=0.02 respectively). CONCLUSION In conclusion, NC could be suggested as an independent predictor higher PAI-1. This association can be a new screening of persons at an enhanced cardiovascular risk and inflammation in this obese population, so useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jamar
- Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP - Santos (SP), Brazil.
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Estadella D, da Penha Oller do Nascimento CM, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, Dâmaso AR, de Piano A. Lipotoxicity: effects of dietary saturated and transfatty acids. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:137579. [PMID: 23509418 PMCID: PMC3572653 DOI: 10.1155/2013/137579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ingestion of excessive amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and transfatty acids (TFAs) is considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The focus of this paper was to elucidate the influence of dietary SFA and TFA intake on the promotion of lipotoxicity to the liver and cardiovascular, endothelial, and gut microbiota systems, as well as on insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The saturated and transfatty acids favor a proinflammatory state leading to insulin resistance. These fatty acids can be involved in several inflammatory pathways, contributing to disease progression in chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, allergy, cancer, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart hypertrophy as well as other metabolic and degenerative diseases. As a consequence, lipotoxicity may occur in several target organs by direct effects, represented by inflammation pathways, and through indirect effects, including an important alteration in the gut microbiota associated with endotoxemia. Interactions between these pathways may perpetuate a feedback process that exacerbates an inflammatory state. The importance of lifestyle modification, including an improved diet, is recommended as a strategy for treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Estadella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862 Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2 andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia M. da Penha Oller do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862 Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2 andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila M. Oyama
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862 Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2 andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane B. Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862 Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2 andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana R. Dâmaso
- Departamento de Biociências, UNIFESP, Campus Baixada Santista, 11060-001 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline de Piano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862 Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2 andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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23
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Dâmaso AR, de Piano A, Campos RMDS, Corgosinho FC, Siegfried W, Caranti DA, Masquio DCL, Carnier J, Sanches PDL, Leão da Silva P, Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Dantas ADA, de Mello MT, Tufik S, Tock L. Multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of obese adolescents: effects on cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory profile, and neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:541032. [PMID: 24285955 PMCID: PMC3826292 DOI: 10.1155/2013/541032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention of obesity and health concerns related to body fat is a major challenge worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of a medically supervised, multidisciplinary approach, on reduction in the prevalence of obesity related comorbidities, inflammatory profile, and neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance in a sample of obese adolescents. A total of 97 postpuberty obese adolescents were enrolled in this study. Body composition, neuropeptides, and adipokines were analysed. The metabolic syndrome was defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). The abdominal ultrasonography was performed to measure visceral, subcutaneous fat and hepatic steatosis. All measures were performed at baseline and after one year of therapy. The multidisciplinary management promoted the control of obesity reducing body fat mass. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, asthma, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), binge eating, and hyperleptinemia was reduced. An improvement in the inflammatory profile was demonstrated by an increase in anti-inflammatory adiponectin and reduction in proinflammatory adipokines, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, interleukin-6 concentrations, and in the Lep/Adipo ratio. Moreover, a reduction in the AgRP and an increase in the alfa-MSH were noted. The multidisciplinary approach not only reduced obesity but also is efficacious in cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory profile, and neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raimunda Dâmaso
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136 Térreo, Vila Mathias, 11015-020 Santos, SP, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program of Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Marselhesa 630, Vila Clementino, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- *Ana Raimunda Dâmaso: and
| | - Aline de Piano
- Post-Graduate Program of Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Marselhesa 630, Vila Clementino, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos
- Post-Graduate Program of Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Marselhesa 630, Vila Clementino, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- *Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos:
| | - Flávia Campos Corgosinho
- Post-Graduate Program of Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Marselhesa 630, Vila Clementino, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wolfgang Siegfried
- Obesity Rehabilitation Centre INSULA, Insulaweg, Bischofswiesen, Germany
| | - Danielle Arisa Caranti
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136 Térreo, Vila Mathias, 11015-020 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah Cristina Landi Masquio
- Post-Graduate Program of Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Marselhesa 630, Vila Clementino, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - June Carnier
- Post-Graduate Program of Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Marselhesa 630, Vila Clementino, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Lima Sanches
- Post-Graduate Program of Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Marselhesa 630, Vila Clementino, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Leão da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program of Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Marselhesa 630, Vila Clementino, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Oller Nascimento
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 726, Vila Clementino, 04021-001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 726, Vila Clementino, 04021-001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Psychobiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 726, Vila Clementino, 04021-001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Psychobiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 726, Vila Clementino, 04021-001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lian Tock
- Weight Science, Rua Teodoro Sampaio, 744 Cj 98 Jardim America, 05406-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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24
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Abe K. An emerging topic on obesity, arterial endothelial function and thrombolysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2012; 21:159-60. [PMID: 22440949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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