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Deng H, Abouzeid CA, Shepler LJ, Ni P, Slavin MD, Barron DS, Herrera-Escobar JP, Kazis LE, Ryan CM, Schneider JC. Moderation Effects of Daily Behavior on Associations Between Symptoms and Social Participation Outcomes After Burn Injury: A 6-Month Digital Phenotyping Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024; 105:1700-1708. [PMID: 38754720 PMCID: PMC11374484 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the moderation effects of daily behavior on the associations between symptoms and social participation outcomes after burn injury. DESIGN A 6-month prospective cohort study. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four adult burn survivors. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Symptoms and social participation outcomes were assessed weekly using smartphone surveys, including symptoms of pain (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS] Pain Intensity and Pain Interference), anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire), as well as outcomes of social interactions and social activities (Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation [LIBRE] Social Interactions and Social Activities). Daily behaviors were automatically recorded by a smartphone application and smartphone logs, including physical activity (steps, travel miles, and activity minutes), sleep (sleep hours), and social contact (number of phone calls and message contacts). RESULTS Multilevel models controlling for demographic and burn injury variables examined the associations between symptoms and social participation outcomes and the moderation effects of daily behaviors. Lower (worse) LIBRE Social Interactions and LIBRE Social Activities scores were significantly associated with higher (worse) PROMIS Pain Intensity, PROMIS Pain Interference, PROMIS Anxiety, and Patient Health Questionnaire-8 scores (P<.05). Additionally, daily steps and activity minutes were associated with LIBRE Social Interactions and LIBRE Social Activities (P<.05), and significantly moderated the association between PROMIS Anxiety and LIBRE Social Activities (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Social participation outcomes are associated with pain, anxiety, and depression symptoms after burn injury, and are buffered by daily physical activity. Future intervention studies should examine physical activity promotion to improve social recovery after burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cailin A Abouzeid
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lauren J Shepler
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pengsheng Ni
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mary D Slavin
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Rehabilitation Outcomes Center at Spaulding, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel S Barron
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Lewis E Kazis
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Rehabilitation Outcomes Center at Spaulding, Boston, MA
| | - Colleen M Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston®, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Schneider
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Rehabilitation Outcomes Center at Spaulding, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Fuller-Rowell TE, Zeringue MM, Saini EK, Yip T, El-Sheikh M. Do Sleep Problems Exacerbate the Mental Health Consequences of Discrimination Among Adults? Psychosom Med 2024; 86:324-333. [PMID: 38588054 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An emerging literature suggests that sleep may play an important role in moderating the association between discrimination and mental health problems among adolescents. However, few if any studies have considered this topic among adults. Addressing this knowledge gap, the current study examined multiple sleep parameters as moderating variables in the association between discrimination and mental health problems among adults. METHODS Participants were 874 adults residing in small towns and semirural contexts within the Southeastern region of the United States ( Mage = 41 years, SD = 7; 57% female; 31% Black, 69% White; 52% income-to-needs < 2). Sleep duration and night-to-night variability in duration were assessed using wrist actigraphy. Established self-report measures were used to assess global sleep problems, experiences of discrimination, and mental health problems (anxiety, depression, and externalizing symptoms). RESULTS Experiences of discrimination were associated with more depression, anxiety, and externalizing problems. Two out of three sleep parameters were found to moderate the effects of discrimination on mental health. The association between discrimination and externalizing problems (but not anxiety or depression) was attenuated among those with less night-to-night variability in sleep duration. The associations between discrimination and anxiety and externalizing problems (but not depression) were attenuated among those with fewer global sleep problems. Less variability in sleep duration and fewer global sleep problems were also directly associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, and externalizing problems. CONCLUSIONS Greater consistency in sleep duration from night-to-night, and fewer overall sleep problems appear to mitigate risk of mental health problems among adults, particularly in contexts where discrimination is prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Fuller-Rowell
- From the Department of Human Development and Family Science (Fuller-Rowell, El-Sheikh), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Psychology (Zeringue), Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee; Department of Human Development and Family Studies (Saini), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and Department of Psychology (Yip), Fordham University, Bronx, New York
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Filetti C, Kane-Grade F, Gunnar M. The Development of Stress Reactivity and Regulation in Children and Adolescents. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:395-419. [PMID: 37559538 PMCID: PMC10845082 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230808120504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adversity experienced in early life can have detrimental effects on physical and mental health. One pathway in which these effects occur is through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a key physiological stress-mediating system. In this review, we discuss the theoretical perspectives that guide stress reactivity and regulation research, the anatomy and physiology of the axis, developmental changes in the axis and its regulation, brain systems regulating stress, the role of genetic and epigenetics variation in axis development, sensitive periods in stress system calibration, the social regulation of stress (i.e., social buffering), and emerging research areas in the study of stress physiology and development. Understanding the development of stress reactivity and regulation is crucial for uncovering how early adverse experiences influence mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Filetti
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Finola Kane-Grade
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Megan Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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Bakth FN, Chen M, Wang Y. Adolescents' experiences of peer ethnic/racial victimization and school engagement in everyday life: sleep as a moderator. Sleep Health 2023; 9:322-330. [PMID: 36872166 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Stressful ethnic/racial experiences, such as peer ethnic/racial victimization, may harm adolescents' adjustment. Using a daily diary design, the current study examined how same-night and previous-night sleep may moderate the within-person associations between peer ethnic/racial victimization and school engagement. METHODS The analytic sample consisted of 133 ninth graders (Mage = 14.54 years old; 44% Black, 21% White, 16% Latinx, 5% Native, 4% Asian, and 9% other). Adolescents reported their peer ethnic/racial victimization experiences and school engagement every day for 14 consecutive days. Sleep was measured objectively by actigraphy watches daily during the 14 days. RESULTS Multilevel analyses identified significant interactions between peer ethnic/racial victimization and same-night time in bed and latency for next-day engagement. The negative association between victimization and next-day school engagement was only significant when adolescents had shorter time in bed and longer latency than their typical levels that night, supporting the recovery role of sleep (ie, same-night sleep helps adolescents recover from victimization). There was also a significant interaction between previous-night time in bed and today's peer ethnic/racial victimization for same-day school engagement. The negative association between victimization and same-day school engagement was only significant when adolescents had shorter time in bed than their typical levels the previous night, supporting a preparatory hypothesis of sleep (ie, sleep helps prepare adolescents for next-day victimization). Neither previous-night nor same-night sleep efficiency moderated the association between victimization and school engagement. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlighted sleep as an important bioregulatory protective factor that may alleviate the challenges associated with ethnic/racial victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizun N Bakth
- Department of Developmental Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mingzhang Chen
- Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yijie Wang
- Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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Tang W, Chen M, Wang N, Deng R, Tang H, Xu W, Xu J. Bullying victimization and internalizing and externalizing problems in school-aged children: The mediating role of sleep disturbance and the moderating role of parental attachment. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 138:106064. [PMID: 36731288 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that bullying victimization may be related to internalizing and externalizing problems; however, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unknown. This study explored the mediating role of sleep disturbance and the moderating role of parental attachment. METHODS A total of 1543 Chinese primary school students (M age = 8.92 years, SD1.7 years; range, 6-12) completed bullying victimization, sleep disturbance, and parental attachment measures, and provided information on their parents' occupations. The parents or guardians (n = 1995) also completed ratings on their children's internalizing and externalizing problems. RESULTS It was found that bullying victimization directly affected internalizing and externalizing problems and also influenced sleep disturbance. Regardless of the parent's socioeconomic status, parental attachment was found to moderate the relationship between bullying victimization and internalizing problems. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to understanding the partial mediating mechanism of sleep disturbance in the association between bullying victimization and internalizing and externalizing problems. The protective role of parental attachment proved central to preventing internalizing problems in bullied children. Intervention programs that enhance parental attachment and improve sleep quality could assist in mitigating the impact of bullying victimization on internalizing or externalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Tang
- Mental Health Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Institute of psychiatry, psychology and neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- Experimental Primary School affiliated to Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Experimental Primary School affiliated to Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyu Deng
- Experimental Primary School affiliated to Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huai Tang
- Experimental Primary School affiliated to Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjian Xu
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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McWood LM, Erath SA, El-Sheikh M. Longitudinal associations between coping and peer victimization: Moderation by gender and initial peer victimization. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2023; 32:117-134. [PMID: 36874168 PMCID: PMC9983818 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stress coping theories suggest that the effectiveness of coping depends on the level of stress experienced. Existing research shows that efforts to cope with high levels of peer victimization may not prevent subsequent peer victimization. Additionally, associations between coping and peer victimization often differ between boys and girls. The present study included 242 participants (51% girls; 34% Black, 65% White; Mage = 15.75 years). Adolescents reported on coping with peer stress at age 16 and on overt and relational peer victimization at ages 16 and 17. Greater use of primary control engaged coping (e.g., problem-solving) was associated positively with overt peer victimization for boys with higher initial overt victimization. Primary control coping was also associated positively with relational victimization regardless of gender or initial relational peer victimization. Secondary control coping (e.g., cognitive distancing) was associated negatively with overt peer victimization. Secondary control coping was also associated negatively with relational victimization for boys. Greater use of disengaged coping (e.g., avoidance) was associated positively with overt and relational peer victimization for girls with higher initial victimization. Gender differences and the context and level of stress should be considered in future research and interventions related to coping with peer stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna M McWood
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen A Erath
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Mona El-Sheikh
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Xu H, Yang X, Lai X, Zhao C, Tu X, Ding N, Ruan S, Jiang Y, Lv Y, Zhang G. Longitudinal relationships among perceived stress, suicidal ideation and sleep quality in Chinese undergraduates: A cross-lagged model. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:45-51. [PMID: 34813870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep quality is an important indicator of quality of life. It is of importance to investigate the risk factors and potential consequences of poor sleep quality, such as perceived stress and suicidal ideation. We therefore investigated the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships among perceived stress, suicidal ideation, and sleep quality. METHODS A three-wave longitudinal survey was conducted from June 2019 to June 2020 at six-month intervals in undergraduate students (N = 197, 58.9% female) in China. The participants completed self-report questionnaires in classroom settings. RESULTS While the levels of perceived stress were stable, levels of suicidal ideation and sleep quality fluctuated significantly over time. There were significant reciprocal relationships between perceived stress and suicidal ideation from T1 to T3. In addition, the reciprocal relationships between suicidal ideation and sleep quality from T1 to T2 were also significant. Suicidal ideation at T2 partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress at T1 and sleep quality at T3 (indirect effect: β=0.06, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.10, p<0.001), and suicidal ideation at T2 fully mediated the relationship between sleep quality at T1 and perceived stress at T3 (indirect effect: β=0.48, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.70, p<0.001). LIMITATIONS The subjects' educational background is single, and the measurement method is self-report measures. CONCLUSIONS Suicidal ideation may play a significant role in explaining the longitudinal relationships between perceived stress and sleep quality. And suggest the importance of early identification and treatment of suicidal ideation among Chinese undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Xu
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyi Lai
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chengjia Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaolian Tu
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Nani Ding
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Songli Ruan
- Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467000, China.
| | - Yile Jiang
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Yijun Lv
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Institute Of Aging, Key Laboratory Of Alzheimer's Disease Of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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El-Sheikh M, Zeringue MM, Saini EK, Fuller-Rowell TE, Yip T. Discrimination and adjustment in adolescence: the moderating role of sleep. Sleep 2022; 45:zsab215. [PMID: 34495321 PMCID: PMC8754494 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We examined multiple actigraphy-based sleep parameters as moderators of associations between experiences of general and racial discrimination and adolescent internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depression) and externalizing behavior (rule-breaking). Adolescent sex and race were examined as additional moderators. METHODS Participants were 272 adolescents (Mage = 17.3 years, SD = 0.76; 51% male; 59% White/European American, 41% Black/African American). Sleep was assessed using actigraphs for 7 consecutive nights from which sleep duration (minutes), efficiency, and variability in minutes over the week were derived. Youth reported on their experiences of general discrimination, racial discrimination, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and rule-breaking behavior. RESULTS Both types of discrimination were associated with poorer adjustment outcomes. Longer sleep duration, greater sleep efficiency, and less variability in sleep duration were protective in associations between race-specific and general discrimination and internalizing symptoms. Findings for duration and efficiency were more pronounced for females such that the adverse effects of discrimination were minimized among females with longer and more efficient sleep. Greater variability in sleep exacerbated rule-breaking behavior among adolescents experiencing general or racial discrimination. Associations did not differ by adolescent race. CONCLUSIONS Short and poor-quality sleep may exacerbate internalizing symptoms for adolescents experiencing discrimination, particularly females. Variability in sleep duration was a key moderator of associations between discrimination and internalizing symptoms as well as rule-breaking behavior. Findings illustrate that actigraphy-assessed sleep parameters play a key role in ameliorating or exacerbating adjustment problems associated with discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona El-Sheikh
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Megan M Zeringue
- Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Ekjyot K Saini
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Tiffany Yip
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
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Dantchev S, Zemp M. Sibling, Peer, and Cyber Bullying Among Children and Adolescents: Co-occurrence and Implications for Their Adjustment. Front Psychol 2021; 12:761276. [PMID: 35002854 PMCID: PMC8728088 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.761276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying across the sibling, peer, and cyber context has consistently been associated with a range of long-term health and well-being consequences for children and adolescents. Although research examining different bullying forms simultaneously in the same study are emerging, it remains unclear to what extend sibling, peer, and cyber bullying co-occur and in what ways they are associated. Moreover, previous work has demonstrated that children and adolescents who experience multiple forms of victimization are at a particular risk of adverse outcomes. However, whether different constellations of co-occurring bullying forms have differential impacts has not yet been investigated sufficiently. The aim of the present study was to examine the frequencies of isolated and co-occurring sibling, peer, and cyber bullying as well as to explore their independent and cumulative relationships with child adjustment. This study was based on a sample of 329 children and adolescents aged between 9 and 15. Bullying experiences across the sibling, peer, and cyber context in the previous 6 months were assessed via self-report. Youth further reported on emotional problems, conduct problems, sleep problems, and academic achievement via an online questionnaire. Sibling, peer, and cyber bullying were uniquely associated with child outcomes. A cumulative relationship between bullying victimization across contexts and emotional problems, conduct problems, and sleep problems could be identified, while bullying perpetration across contexts was only linked to more conduct problems in a cumulative manner. The findings have important practical implications arguing for the adoption of a holistic approach toward bullying in prevention and intervention.
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Sasser J, Lecarie EK, Gusman MS, Park H, Doane LD. The multiplicative effect of stress and sleep on academic cognitions in Latino college students. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:346-362. [PMID: 34866499 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1999970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Latino students are increasingly represented in higher education within the United States, but remain one of the groups least likely to graduate from a four-year institution. Stress and sleep are factors that have been implicated in students' academic success. This study examined concurrent and longitudinal interactive effects of stress and sleep on academic cognitions in a sample of 196 Latino students (Mage = 18.95; 64.4% female) in their second and third semester of college. Stress and actigraphy-measured sleep (duration, efficiency, midpoint, midpoint-variability) were measured in the second semester and academic cognitions (engagement, motivation, self-efficacy) were measured in the second and third semesters. Structural equation modeling revealed that higher stress was concurrently related to lower academic cognitions for students with consistently delayed sleep timings (e.g., later average midpoints) and longitudinally related to reduced academic functioning for students with lower sleep efficiency. These findings can inform programs that target stress-reduction and sleep hygiene among incoming college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeri Sasser
- Adolescent Stress and Emotion Lab.,Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Emma K Lecarie
- Adolescent Stress and Emotion Lab.,Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Michaela S Gusman
- Adolescent Stress and Emotion Lab.,Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - HyeJung Park
- Adolescent Stress and Emotion Lab.,Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Leah D Doane
- Adolescent Stress and Emotion Lab.,Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Testa A, Semenza DC, Jackson DB. Violent victimisation trajectories from adolescence through adulthood: consequences for sleep problems. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 76:140-145. [PMID: 34353868 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-217356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violent victimisation is a stressful experience that has been linked with sleep problems among children, adolescents and adults. However, prior research has not assessed how victimisation trajectories across different stages of the life-course correspond to sleep outcomes. The present study assesses how trajectories of violent victimisation from adolescence to middle adulthood correspond to sleep behaviours in adulthood. METHODS Data are from fives waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N=6015). Semi-parametric group-based trajectory modelling was used to estimate violent victimisation trajectories from adolescence to middle adulthood. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between sleep quantity and quality across violent victimisation trajectories. RESULTS The findings demonstrate that the relationship between violent victimisation and sleep in adulthood is not consistent across all victimisation trajectories. Rather, sleep quality and quantity are the worst among those who persistently experience violent victimisation from adolescence through adulthood. CONCLUSION Persistent exposure to violence can be a particularly damaging experience with consequences for sleep quantity and quality. Establishing interventions that reduce violent victimisation across the life-course and promote positive sleep behaviours among those with a history of victimisation are important public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Testa
- Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel C Semenza
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University Camden, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Mei S, Hu Y, Sun M, Fei J, Li C, Liang L, Hu Y. Association between Bullying Victimization and Symptoms of Depression among Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3316. [PMID: 33806969 PMCID: PMC8005068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying victimization and its effect on symptoms of depression have received attention from researchers, but few studies have considered the potential mechanism. The aim of this study was to examine a moderated mediation model for the association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in terms of it being mediated by social anxiety, and investigated whether sleep duration would show moderating effects in this relationship. METHODS In this study, there were 2956 students, who completed three questionnaires, including a bullying victimization scale, as well as a social anxiety and epidemiologic studies depression scale. RESULTS Bullying victimization's effects on depressive symptoms were mediated by social anxiety. Furthermore, sleep duration moderated the relationship between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The research contributes by clarifying the mechanisms underlying the relationship between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songli Mei
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, NO. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Yueyang Hu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, NO. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.H.); (J.F.); (C.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Mengzi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, NO. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Junsong Fei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, NO. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.H.); (J.F.); (C.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Chuanen Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, NO. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.H.); (J.F.); (C.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Leilei Liang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, NO. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.H.); (J.F.); (C.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Yuanchao Hu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, NO. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China;
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Giannakopoulos G, Kolaitis G. Sleep problems in children and adolescents following traumatic life events. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:27-34. [PMID: 33643859 PMCID: PMC7896245 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rates of childhood trauma exposure are extremely high, with approximately 70% of children and adolescents experiencing at least one traumatic event. Among the most common non-specific consequences of stress and trauma are disruptions of sleep. Sleep problems, such as shorter sleep duration, difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, nightmares, sleepless nights, and early-morning wakefulness appear to have a higher prevalence among children and adolescents following traumatic events. This review will illustrate the role of sleep problems in traumatized children and adolescents, and emphasize the need to consider a wide range of etiological mechanisms for these symptoms. However, the relationship of trauma exposure to sleep problems among children and adolescents needs further investigation in future research. Moreover, in view of the adverse consequences of long-term disrupted sleep on mental health outcomes following trauma, the need to effectively address sleep disturbances in traumatized children and adolescents is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Giannakopoulos
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Kolaitis
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
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El-Sheikh M, Shimizu M, Philbrook LE, Erath SA, Buckhalt JA. Sleep and development in adolescence in the context of socioeconomic disadvantage. J Adolesc 2020; 83:1-11. [PMID: 32619770 PMCID: PMC7484096 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep problems are associated with negative developmental outcomes in youth, and identification of vulnerability and protective factors is needed to explicate for whom and under which conditions adolescents may be most at risk. Towards this end, we examined socio-economic status (SES) as a moderator of associations between multiple sleep parameters and adolescents' socio-emotional adjustment and cognitive functioning. METHODS Participants were 272 adolescents (M age = 17.3 years; 49% girls) and their parents, residing in the Southeastern U.S.A. The sample was socioeconomically diverse and included 41% Black/African American and 59% White/European American youth. Using a cross-sectional design, adolescents' sleep was assessed with actigraphy (total sleep minutes; efficiency indicated by % of time asleep from sleep onset to wake time) and self-reports of sleep quality (sleep-wake problems). Mothers reported on youths' internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and cognitive functioning was assessed with a standardized test battery. RESULTS Moderation effects were found and illustrated that, for youth from families with lower SES, shorter and less efficient sleep and subjective sleep problems were associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms as well as lower cognitive performance. Conversely, longer and better-quality sleep protected against socio-emotional and cognitive difficulties otherwise observed for socioeconomically disadvantaged youth. Fewer relations between sleep and adjustment emerged for adolescents from families with higher SES. CONCLUSIONS Results reinforce a growing literature indicating that the relation between sleep and adjustment is stronger for youth from families with lower SES, who may especially benefit from better sleep.
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15
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Wang Y, Yip T. Sleep Facilitates Coping: Moderated Mediation of Daily Sleep, Ethnic/Racial Discrimination, Stress Responses, and Adolescent Well-Being. Child Dev 2020; 91:e833-e852. [PMID: 31659755 PMCID: PMC9583239 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Using a daily diary design and actigraphy sleep data across 2 weeks among 256 ethnic/racial minority adolescents (Mage = 14.72; 40% Asian, 22% Black, 38% Latinx; 2,607 days), this study investigated how previous-night sleep (duration, quality) moderated the same-day associations between ethnic/racial discrimination and stress responses (rumination, problem solving, family/peer support seeking) to predict daily well-being (mood, somatic symptoms, life satisfaction). On days when adolescents experienced greater discrimination, if they slept longer and better the previous night, adolescents engaged in greater active coping (problem solving, peer support seeking), and subsequently had better well-being. Adolescents also ruminated less when they slept longer the previous night regardless of discrimination. Findings highlight the role of sleep in helping adolescents navigate discrimination by facilitating coping processes.
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Jiang Y, Li X, Zilioli S, Zhao J, Zhao G. Effects of Peer Victimization and Perceived Social Support on Daily Negative Affect and Sleep Outcomes. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2020; 29:1374-1384. [PMID: 36872950 PMCID: PMC9979617 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-019-01656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of peer victimization-measured at the daily and cumulative levels-on daily negative affect and multiple sleep parameters including subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleep continuity (i.e., night awakening) among children affected by parental HIV from rural China. This study also aimed to test the moderation effects of perceived social support and sex in these associations. Methods A total of 637 children (50.4% boys, 8-15 years of age) affected by parental HIV self-reported measures on cumulative peer victimization (i.e., the experience of victimization during the past 6 months) and perceived social support. They were also asked to report daily peer victimization, daily negative affect, and sleep outcomes over three consecutive days. Results Multilevel models showed that cumulative peer victimization was associated with both daily negative affect and night awakenings, whereas these associations became statistically nonsignificant after controlling for trait negative affect. Daily peer victimization was significantly related to daily negative affect. All these associations were consistent for boys and girls. There were no buffering effects of perceived social support on these associations. Conclusions The results suggest that peer victimization may contribute to daily negative emotional experiences among children affected by parental HIV. Interventions targeting psychological wellbeing among children affected by parental HIV may need to incorporate peer victimization component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jiang
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- International Research Center for Psychological Health of Vulnerable Populations, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Guoxiang Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Henan Normal University, Henan, China
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17
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Kortesoja L, Vainikainen MP, Hotulainen R, Rimpelä A, Dobewall H, Lindfors P, Karvonen S, Merikanto I. Bidirectional Relationship of Sleep with Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties: A Five-year Follow-up of Finnish Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:1277-1291. [PMID: 32086723 PMCID: PMC7237401 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The long-term effects of sleep on adolescent psychosocial well-being are mostly unknown, although insufficient sleep has been associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties in cross-sectional studies. With a five-year follow-up of Finnish adolescents (Time 1: n = 8834; Mean age = 13 years, 51.1% female, Time 2: n = 5315, Mean age = 15 years, 51.6% female, Time 3: n = 3712; Mean age = 17 years; 50.2% female), the purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate the relations between self-reported sleep duration, sleep problems, and emotional and behavioral difficulties during adolescence. Emotional and behavioral difficulties were assessed using The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) measuring emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems and total difficulties. Sleep duration was calculated by counting the hours between self-reported bedtime and wake-up time. Sleep problems were assessed with a single question about the general sleep problems. According to the cross-lagged models for sleep and emotional and behavioral difficulties, the findings of this study indicate a developmental process during adolescence where, firstly, short sleep duration is a stronger predictor for current and prospective emotional and behavioral difficulties than vice versa. Secondly, increased emotional and behavioral difficulties expose adolescents to current and later sleep problems more strongly than reverse. Thus, the results show that short sleep duration predisposed to emotional and behavioral difficulties across adolescence, which then led to more prospective sleep problems. These findings suggest a developmental process where sleep and emotional and behavioral difficulties are intertwined in shaping adolescents' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kortesoja
- Centre for Educational Assessment, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Education and Culture, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari-Pauliina Vainikainen
- Centre for Educational Assessment, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Education and Culture, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Risto Hotulainen
- Centre for Educational Assessment, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arja Rimpelä
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitkäniemi Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Nokia, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henrik Dobewall
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pirjo Lindfors
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sakari Karvonen
- Social Policy Research Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. .,Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Richardson C, Oar E, Fardouly J, Magson N, Johnco C, Forbes M, Rapee R. The Moderating Role of Sleep in the Relationship Between Social Isolation and Internalising Problems in Early Adolescence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2019; 50:1011-1020. [PMID: 31152375 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation may be a unique risk factor for depression and anxiety in early adolescence. However, optimal sleep may protect adolescents from the emotional sequela of social isolation. The present study aimed to investigate whether sleep moderates the relationship between social isolation and symptoms of anxiety and depression in early adolescence. Five hundred and twenty eight early adolescents (M = 11.18 years, SD = 0.56, range 10-12 years, 51% male) completed online questionnaires assessing social isolation, sleep duration, daytime sleepiness and symptoms of generalised anxiety, social anxiety, separation anxiety and depression. Sleep duration moderated the effect of social isolation on symptoms of generalised anxiety, social anxiety and depression, but not separation anxiety. Daytime sleepiness emerged as an additional sleep-related risk factor in the relationship between social isolation and depressive symptoms. Therefore, sleep may be an important modifiable risk or protective factor to target, in the prevention of depression and anxiety in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Richardson
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - E Oar
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Fardouly
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - N Magson
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Johnco
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Forbes
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Rapee
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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19
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Cheng AW, Chou YC, Lin FG. Psychological Distress in Bullied Deaf and Hard of Hearing Adolescents. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2019; 24:366-377. [PMID: 31089728 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bullying victimization at school is an important concern in terms of mental health, in particular, for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) adolescents who may be more vulnerable than hearing peers. This study determined the prevalence of bullying victimization among DHH adolescents in Taiwan and ascertained the relation of bullying victimization experiences and family and school variables with their psychological well-being. Data were collected from the 2011 Special Needs Education Longitudinal Study database. Multivariate regression analysis was performed on variables comprising seven items measuring psychological distress; four types of bullying victimizations; and family-, school-, and peer-related factors. Approximately 65% of DHH adolescents experienced at least one type of bullying victimization. Factors such as exclusion bullying, female gender, delayed bedtime, conflicts with parents, unfavorable relationship with parents, inability to get along with friends, dislike for school, and bullying victimization experiences increased psychological distress in the DHH adolescents. Bullying victimization of DHH adolescents is a risk factor for poor mental health. However, a good relationship of these adolescents with their parents and peers could be protective for their psychological well-being. Therefore, parents and teachers should understand the needs of DHH adolescents and establish antibullying strategies to diminish their mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Fu-Gong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center
- University of Kang Ning
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20
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Julian MM, Leung CYY, Rosenblum KL, LeBourgeois MK, Lumeng JC, Kaciroti N, Miller AL. Parenting and toddler self-regulation in low-income families: What does sleep have to do with it? Infant Ment Health J 2019; 40:479-495. [PMID: 31066463 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Toddlerhood is a sensitive period in the development of self-regulation, a set of adaptive skills that are fundamental to mental health and partly shaped by parenting. Healthy sleep is known to be critical for self-regulation; yet, the degree to which child sleep alters interactive child-parent processes remains understudied. This study examines associations between observed parenting and toddler self-regulation, with toddler sleep as a moderator of this association. Toddlers in low-income families (N = 171) and their mothers were videotaped during free play and a self-regulation challenge task; videos were coded for mothers' behavior and affect (free play) and toddlers' self-regulation (challenge task). Mothers reported their child's nighttime sleep duration via questionnaire. Results revealed significant Sleep × Maternal Negative Affect and Sleep × Maternal Negative Control interactions. Children who did not experience negative parenting had good self-regulation regardless of their nighttime sleep duration. For children who did experience negative parenting, self-regulation was intact among those who obtained more nighttime sleep, but significantly poorer among children who were getting less nighttime sleep. Thus, among children who were reported to obtain less nighttime sleep, there were more robust associations between negative parenting and poorer self-regulation than among toddlers who were reported to obtain more sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Julian
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christy Y Y Leung
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katherine L Rosenblum
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Monique K LeBourgeois
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alison L Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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21
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Sleep and adjustment in adolescence: physical activity as a moderator of risk. Sleep Health 2019; 5:266-272. [PMID: 30928497 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated physical activity as a moderator of relations between sleep duration and quality and adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. DESIGN The study used a cross-sectional design. SETTING Participants were recruited from small towns and semi-urban communities in Alabama. PARTICIPANTS The sample was comprised of 235 adolescents (Mage = 15.78 years, SD = 9.60 months) who were diverse in sex (53% female), race/ethnicity (34% Black/African American, 66% White), and socioeconomic status. MEASUREMENTS Sleep duration (actual sleep minutes), efficiency (minutes/total sleep period), and latency (minutes from sleep attempt to onset) were examined with actigraphs for 1 week. Youth reported on their physical activity levels and internalizing and externalizing problems. RESULTS Interactions between sleep and physical activity emerged in the prediction of adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. Supportive of moderation effects, adolescents with shorter or poorer-quality sleep in conjunction with less physical activity showed the highest levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. Demonstrative of protective effects, adolescents with more physical activity had lower levels of internalizing and externalizing problems regardless of their sleep duration or quality. CONCLUSIONS Findings illustrate that not all youth are at equal risk for adjustment problems when they experience short or poor-quality sleep, suggesting the importance of examining both bioregulatory and environmental factors in understanding adolescent adjustment.
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Zimmer‐Gembeck MJ, Duffy AL, Stuart J. Let’s get physical: Recent research on relations of adolescent peer victimization with psychosomatic symptoms, sleep, and body weight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jabr.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda L. Duffy
- School of Applied Psychology Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia
| | - Jaimee Stuart
- School of Applied Psychology Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia
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Assessing the Linkage between Exposure to Violence and Victimization, Coping, and Adjustment among Urban Youth: Findings from a Research Study on Adolescents. CHILDREN-BASEL 2019; 6:children6030036. [PMID: 30818826 PMCID: PMC6463079 DOI: 10.3390/children6030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
From examinations of the literature on the influence that exposure to violence and coping strategies have on delinquent behavior and emotional outcomes, this study addresses the association between violent victimization and the moderating effects of coping strategies among 500 African-American adolescents who exhibit both externalizing behaviors such as delinquency and internalizing symptoms, including anxiety and depression. The investigation examines the development of the aforementioned adjustment problems in response to victimization, and the findings indicate a relationship between the specific indices of victimization, including peer violence, and the symptomatology and coping mechanisms utilized by the youth in this study. Suggestions for future research in this area are discussed.
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Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression symptoms among adolescent earthquake victims: comorbidity and associated sleep-disturbing factors. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:1241-1251. [PMID: 30109368 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study aimed to examine the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and their comorbidity and correlation with sleep problems among adolescent survivors 3 years after the 2013 Ya'an earthquake. METHODS A representative sample of 6132 adolescent students was analysed from 11 primary and high schools in the three counties most severely affected by the earthquake. Students were invited to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale-13, Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders. RESULTS Three years after this major earthquake, 1-month prevalence of mental health problems was 13.1% for PTSD, 37.3% for anxiety, and 19.8% for depression. Among the participants who reported PTSD, 71.5% also reported anxiety, and 49.7% also reported depression. At least half of those with any type of mental health problem reported concurrent sleeping problems. Specific sleep risk factors were independently associated with increased risk of PTSD, depression or anxiety. Girls were more likely than boys to exhibit symptoms of PTSD, depression or anxiety. Older adolescents were more likely to have depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Mental health problems are prevalent with high comorbidity and are associated with sleep-related problems among adolescent survivors, even years after the occurrence of a major earthquake. Nightmares and difficulty initiating sleep are independently associated with PTSD. Insufficient sleep is independently associated with anxiety and depression. Sleep-related problems may be effective targets of preventive interventions, which may need to be optimised for gender and age.
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The Role of Sleep Quality in Associations between Peer Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-018-9700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tang W, Lu Y, Yang Y, Xu J. An epidemiologic study of self-reported sleep problems in a large sample of adolescent earthquake survivors: The effects of age, gender, exposure, and psychopathology. J Psychosom Res 2018; 113:22-29. [PMID: 30190044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the prevalence of sleep problems and their associated risk factors in child and adolescent survivors three years after the 2013 Ya'an earthquake. METHODS A total of 6132 adolescent survivors aged 9-18 years were invited to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale-13, Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders. Logistic analysis was used to identify possible relationships of sleep disturbance scores with earthquake exposures, mental health and demographic characteristics. RESULTS More than a quarter of the sample showed sleep problems of some kind, with 23.1% sleeping fewer than 7 h per night, 32.5% having difficulty falling asleep, 24.2% having difficulty remaining asleep, 25.3% having poor sleep quality, 17.4% having nightmares and 44.6% having difficulty functioning during daytime hours. Older participants were at a significantly higher risk of sleep issues than younger children (OR 2.89), and the subjects had significantly elevated risks of probable anxiety (OR 3.47), probable depression (OR 2.45), and probable posttraumatic stress disorder (OR 1.89). Other risk factors for sleep problems were earthquake exposure variables, including being injured (OR 1.42), having a parent injured (OR 1.27), witnessing death (OR 1.32) or feeling extremely scared (OR 1.22) in the Ya'an earthquake. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbances are common in adolescent earthquake survivors, and they are associated with age, gender, psychiatric symptoms and factors related to earthquake exposure. These results highlight the importance of development- and gender-specific interventions to prevent sleep disturbances after a major earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Tang
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Centre for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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27
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Sleep it off: Bullying and sleep disturbances in adolescents. J Adolesc 2018; 68:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Jose PE, Vierling A. Cybervictimisation of adolescents predicts higher rumination, which in turn, predicts worse sleep over time. J Adolesc 2018; 68:127-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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29
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Blake MJ, Trinder JA, Allen NB. Mechanisms underlying the association between insomnia, anxiety, and depression in adolescence: Implications for behavioral sleep interventions. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 63:25-40. [PMID: 29879564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is robust evidence of an association between insomnia, anxiety, and depression in adolescence. The aim of this review is to describe and synthesize potential mechanisms underlying this association and explore implications for the design of adolescent behavioral sleep interventions. Specifically, we examine whether insomnia symptoms are a mechanism for the development of internalizing symptoms in adolescence and whether sleep interventions are an effective treatment for both insomnia and internalizing symptoms in adolescence because they target the shared mechanisms underlying these disorders. Research using different methodologies points to the role of sequential, parallel, and interacting mechanisms. In this paper, we review a wide range of relevant biological (i.e., polymorphisms and dysregulation in serotonin, dopamine, and circadian clock genes; alterations in corticolimbic and mesolimbic brain circuits; cortisol reactivity to stress; inflammatory cytokine dysregulation; biased memory consolidation; changes in sleep architecture), psychological (i.e., cognitive inflexibility, interpretational biases, judgment biases, negative attribution styles, worry, rumination, biased attention to threat, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, misperception of sleep deficit), and social mechanisms (i.e., reduced and impaired social interactions, unhelpful parenting behaviors, family stress) and propose an integrative multilevel model of how these phenomena may interact to increase vulnerability to both insomnia and internalizing disorders. Several 'biopsychosocial' mechanisms hold promise as viable treatment targets for adolescent behavioral sleep interventions, which may reduce both insomnia and internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Blake
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
| | - John A Trinder
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
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Chiang JJ, Kim JJ, Almeida DM, Bower JE, Dahl RE, Irwin MR, McCreath H, Fuligni AJ. Sleep Efficiency Modulates Associations Between Family Stress and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms and Negative Affect. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:501-507. [PMID: 28729144 PMCID: PMC5712225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to determine whether sleep moderates the associations between family-related stress and depressive symptoms and negative affect outcomes during adolescence. We combined traditional survey measures of stress and depressive symptoms with daily assessments of stress and negative affect to examine whether sleep differentially impacts the link between chronic and acute experiences of stress and affect. METHODS Participants were 316 adolescents from ethnically diverse backgrounds. Primary caregivers and adolescents reported on stressful family events during the past 12 and 3 months, respectively. Adolescents also reported on their daily experiences of family demands for 15 days and wore actigraph watches for the assessment of sleep during the first eight nights. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that more stressful family events were related to more depressive symptoms. This relation was stronger among adolescents with lower sleep efficiency. The same pattern emerged for the relation between daily family demands and negative affect aggregated across the 15 days. Daily-level analyses indicated that daily negative affect was related to daily family demands when sleep efficiency was higher than usual, but only among European American adolescents. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that chronic experiences of lower sleep efficiency, but not sleep duration, may render adolescents more vulnerable to the negative effects of family stress on emotional adjustment. A more complex picture emerged for the role of prior night's sleep in the day-to-day variation in negative affect reactivity to family stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Chiang
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
| | - Joanna J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Heather McCreath
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew J Fuligni
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Chiu YL, Kao S, Tou SW, Lin FG. Effect of personal characteristics, victimization types, and family- and school-related factors on psychological distress in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Psychiatry Res 2017; 248:48-55. [PMID: 28006715 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of bullying victimization among adolescents with intellectual disabilities and the influence of victimization experience on their mental health in Taiwan. Data on 706 adolescents from the 2011 Special Needs Education Longitudinal Study were analyzed. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to variables comprising 7 items of psychological distress, 4 types of bullying victimization, and family-, school-, and peer-related factors. Approximately 70% of the survey respondents had experienced at least one type of victimization, and 44% of them had experienced at least two types of victimization. Exclusion (50%) and verbal bullying (70%) were the most commonly reported types. In addition, exclusion and verbal bullying were found to be significantly associated with psychological distress in these adolescents. Our findings suggest that victimization is a common experience among adolescents with disabilities, and a notable risk factor for the psychological well-being of adolescents with intellectual disabilities. However, a good relationship with parents and peers can relieve psychological distress and its effect on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lung Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Min-Chun E. Rd., Section 6, Taipei 114, Taiwan; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Min-Chun E. Rd., Section 6, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Senyeong Kao
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Min-Chun E. Rd., Section 6, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Wen Tou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Min-Chun E. Rd., Section 6, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Gong Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Min-Chun E. Rd., Section 6, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
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The role of sleep problems in the relationship between peer victimization and antisocial behavior: A five-year longitudinal study. Soc Sci Med 2017; 173:126-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sleep and Development: Familial and Socio-cultural Considerations. FAMILY CONTEXTS OF SLEEP AND HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64780-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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El‐Sheikh M, Tu KM, Saini EK, Fuller-Rowell TE, Buckhalt JA. Perceived discrimination and youths' adjustment: sleep as a moderator. J Sleep Res 2016; 25:70-7. [PMID: 26260026 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents' sleep duration was examined as a moderator of the association between perceived discrimination and internalizing (anxiety, depression) and externalizing symptoms. Participants were 252 adolescents (mean: 15.79 years; 66% European American, 34% African American) who reported on their perceived discrimination (racial and general) and adjustment. Sleep duration was measured using actigraphy. Moderation effects were evident. The lowest levels of internalizing symptoms were observed for adolescents with longer sleep duration in conjunction with lower levels of perceived racial discrimination. Further, general perceived discrimination was associated more strongly with externalizing behaviours for youth with shorter versus longer sleep. Findings highlight the importance of sleep as a bioregulatory system that can ameliorate or exacerbate the effects of discrimination on youths' adjustment.
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Chiang JJ, Tsai KM, Park H, Bower JE, Almeida DM, Dahl RE, Irwin MR, Seeman TE, Fuligni AJ. Daily family stress and HPA axis functioning during adolescence: The moderating role of sleep. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 71:43-53. [PMID: 27235639 PMCID: PMC5718343 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the moderating role of sleep in the association between family demands and conflict and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in a sample of ethnically diverse adolescents (n=316). Adolescents completed daily diary reports of family demands and conflict for 15 days, and wore actigraph watches during the first 8 nights to assess sleep. Participants also provided five saliva samples for 3 consecutive days to assess diurnal cortisol rhythms. Regression analyses indicated that sleep latency and efficiency moderated the link between family demands and the cortisol awakening response. Specifically, family demands were related to a smaller cortisol awakening response only among adolescents with longer sleep latency and lower sleep efficiency. These results suggest that certain aspects of HPA axis functioning may be sensitive to family demands primarily in the context of longer sleep latency and lower sleep efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Chiang
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. (J.J. Chiang)
| | - Kim M. Tsai
- California State San Marcos, Department of Psychology, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Heejung Park
- Bryn Mawr College, Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, USA
| | - Julienne E. Bower
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David M. Almeida
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ronald E. Dahl
- University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Human Development, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Teresa E. Seeman
- University of California, Los Angeles, Division of Geriatrics, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew J. Fuligni
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Peterman JS, Carper MM, Elkins RM, Comer JS, Pincus DB, Kendall PC. The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety on sleep problems. J Anxiety Disord 2016; 37:78-88. [PMID: 26735330 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined (a) whether sleep related problems (SRPs) improved following cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for youth with anxiety disorders, (b) whether variables that may link anxiety and SRPs (e.g., pre-sleep arousal, family accommodation, sleep hygiene) changed during treatment, and (c) whether such changes predicted SRPs at posttreatment. Youth were diagnosed with anxiety at pretreatment and received weekly CBT that targeted their principal anxiety diagnosis at one of two specialty clinics (N=69 completers, Mage=10.86). Results indicated that parent-reported SRPs improved from pre- to post-treatment and that treatment responders with regard to anxiety yielded greater SRP improvements than nonresponders. Parent report of bedtime resistance and sleep anxiety showed significant improvements. Youth reported lower rates of SRPs compared to their parents and did not demonstrate pre- to post-treatment changes in SRPs. Pre-sleep arousal and family accommodation decreased over treatment but did not predict lower SRPs at posttreatment. Higher accommodation was correlated with greater SRPs. Sleep hygiene evidenced no change and did not mediate links between accommodation and posttreatment SRPs.
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