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Tebyaniyan H, Hussain A, Vivian M. Current antibacterial agents in dental bonding systems: a comprehensive overview. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:825-844. [PMID: 37668450 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is mainly caused by oral biofilm acid, and the most common dental restoration treatment is composite dental restorations. The main cause of failure is secondary caries adjacent to the restoration. Long-term survival of dental materials is improved by the presence of antibacterial agents, which selectively inhibit bacterial growth or survival. Chemical, natural and biomaterials have been studied for their antimicrobial activities and antibacterial bonding agents have been improved. Their usage has been increased to inhibit the growth of invading and residual bacteria in the oral cavity, as biofilm accumulation increases the risk of treatment failure. In this article, the success and applications of antibacterial agents are discussed in dental bonding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science & Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Mark Vivian
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E4, Canada
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Seo JH, Kim KM, Kwon JS. Antibacterial and Physicochemical Properties of Orthodontic Resin Cement Containing ZnO-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092045. [PMID: 37177192 PMCID: PMC10180918 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Demineralized white lesions are a common problem when using orthodontic resin cement, which can be prevented with the addition of antibacterial substances. However, the addition of antibacterial substances such as zinc oxide alone may result in the deterioration of the resin cement's functions. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are known to be biocompatible without adversely affecting the mechanical properties of the material while having the ability to load different substances. The purpose of this study was to prepare orthodontic resin cement containing HNT fillers loaded with ZnO (ZnO/HNTs) and to investigate its mechanical, physical, chemical, and antibacterial properties. A group without filler was used as a control. Three groups containing 5 wt.% of HNTs, ZnO, and ZnO/HNTs were prepared. TEM and EDS measurements were carried out to confirm the morphological structure of the HNTs and the successful loading of ZnO onto the HNTs. The mechanical, physical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of the prepared orthodontic resin cement were considered. The ZnO group had high flexural strength and water absorption but a low depth of cure (p < 0.05). The ZnO/HNTs group showed the highest shear bond strength and film thickness (p < 0.05). In the antibacterial test, the ZnO/HNTs group resulted in a significant decrease in the biofilm's metabolic activity compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). ZnO/HNTs did not affect cell viability. In addition, ZnO was cytotoxic at a concentration of 100% in the extract. The nanocomposite developed in this study exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. mutans while maintaining the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of orthodontic resin cement. Therefore, it has the potential to be used as an orthodontic resin cement that can prevent DWLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hye Seo
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Preparation of a fluorinated dental resin system and its anti-adhesive properties against S. mutans. Dent Mater 2023; 39:402-409. [PMID: 36894413 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to characterize physicochemical properties and investigate anti-bacterial adhesion effect of dental resins containing fluorinated monomers. METHOD Fluorinated dimethacrylate FDMA was mixed with commonly used reactive diluent triethylene- glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and fluorinated diluent 1 H,1 H-heptafluorobutyl methacrylate (FBMA) separately at a mass ratio of 60 wt./40 wt. to prepare fluorinated resin systems. Double bond conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS) and modulus (FM), water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL), contact angle and surface free energy, surface element concentration, and anti-adhesion effect against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) were investigated according to standard or referenced methods. 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloy-loxypropyl)-phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA)/TEGDMA (60/40, wt./wt.) was used as control. RESULTS Both fluorinated resin systems had higher DC than Bis-GMA based resin (p < 0.05); compared with Bis-GMA based resin (FS, FDMA/TEGDMA resin system had higher FS (p < 0.05) and comparable FM (p > 0.05), while FDMA/FBMA resins system had lower FS and FM (p < 0.05). Both fluorinated resin systems had lower WS and SL than Bis-GMA based resin (p < 0.05), and FDMA/TEGDMA resin system had the lowest WS (p < 0.05) in all experimental resin systems. Only FDMA/FBMA resin system showed lower surface free energy than Bis-GMA based resin (p < 0.05). When the surface was smooth, FDMA/FBMA resin system had lower amount of adherent S. mutans than Bis-GMA based resin (p < 0.05), while after the surface became roughness, FDMA/FBMA resin system had comparable amount of adherent S. mutans as Bis-GMA based resin (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Resin system prepared exclusively with fluorinated methacrylate monomers reduced the S. mutans adhesion due to their increased hydrophobicity and decreased surface energy., while flexural properties of it should be improved.
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Chen Y, Caneli G, Xie D. A PMMA bone cement with improved antibacterial function and flexural strength. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1398-1414. [PMID: 35321628 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2056943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel non-leaching antibacterial bone cement has been developed and evaluated. An antibacterial furanone derivative was synthesized and covalently coated onto the surface of alumina filler particles, followed by mixing into a conventional poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement. Flexural strength and bacterial viability were used to evaluate the modified cements. Effects of coated antibacterial moiety content, coated alumina filler particle size and loading were investigated. Results showed that almost all the modified cements showed higher flexural strength (up to 10%), flexural modulus (up to 18%), and antibacterial activity (up to 67% to S. aureus and up to 84% to E. coli), as compared to original poly(methyl methacrylate) cement. Increasing antibacterial moiety and filler loading significantly enhanced antibacterial activity. On the other hand, increasing coated filler particle size decreased antibacterial activity. Increasing antibacterial moiety content and particle size did not significantly affect flexural strength and modulus. Increasing filler loading did not significantly affect flexural modulus but reduced flexural strength. Antibacterial agent leaching tests showed that it seems no leachable antibacterial component from the modified experimental cement to the surrounding environment. Within the limitations of this study, the modified poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement may potentially be developed into a clinically useful bone cement for reducing in-surgical and post-surgical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Jinchu University, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Gulsah Caneli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dong Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Antibacterial Performance of Composite Containing Quaternary Ammonium Silica (QASi) Filler - a Preliminary Study. J Dent 2022; 123:104209. [PMID: 35760205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibacterial composite will have a significant clinical advantage in controlling caries. This study tests the antibacterial properties of a novel bulk-fill flowable composite (Infinx™, Nobio™ Ltd.) containing quaternary ammonium silica (QASi) filler particles. METHODS Infinix™ was tested in-vitro by the direct contact test (DCT), using E. faecalis or whole saliva as inoculum. A similar formula composite without QASi served as a control. In addition, composite test samples were polymerized on three volunteers' intact buccal enamel surfaces of mandibular first premolars in a split-mouth design experiment. Traditional composite served as control (Filtekt Bulk Fill™ 3M). Bacterial viability on the composite surfaces weres assessed ex-vivo microscopically six months later, using a fluorescent dead/live stain. Images of each bacterial sample were taken using a fluorescent microscope (Nikon Eclipse 80i), and further live/total cell analysis was performed using ImageJ software. RESULTS Following direct contact with one week of aged Infinix, more than 1 million E. faecalis bacteria were killed. Similarly, when using the saliva as inoculum, no single microorganism survived. Six-month in-vivo experiments supported these results by showing a reduction of 54%, 30% and 28% in live/total number of bacteria ratio retrieved from antibacterial composite vs. the control in volunteers #1, #2, #3 respectively. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the experimental design, the present study suggest that antibacterial activity of quaternary ammonium silica particles (QASi) is comparable to that of previously described quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine particles (QPEI). In addition, whole saliva bacteria are effectively killed by QASi-containing composite in-vitro and in-vivo, for a period of six month at least. Long-term full-scale clinical study is needed to confirm the findings of the present study and their implication on maintaining health balance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Antibacterial composites containing QASi filler is a novel class of restoratives that may contributes to caries lesion control.
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Tauanov Z, Zakiruly O, Baimenova Z, Baimenov A, Akimbekov NS, Berillo D. Antimicrobial Properties of the Triclosan-Loaded Polymeric Composite Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin: Synthesis, Characterization and Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:676. [PMID: 35215588 PMCID: PMC8875966 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The manufacturing of sanitary and household furniture on a large scale with inherently antimicrobial properties is an essential field of research. This work focuses on the synthesis of polymer composites based on the unsaturated polyester of resin loaded with 5 wt.%-Triclosan produced by a co-mixing approach on automated technological complex with a potential for broad applications. According to findings, the polymer composite has a non-porous structure (surface area < 1.97 m2/g) suitable for sanitary applications to reduce the growth of bacteria. The chemical composition confirmed the presence of major elements, and the inclusion of Triclosan was quantitatively confirmed by the appearance of chlorine on XRF (1.67 wt.%) and EDS (1.62 wt.%) analysis. Thermal analysis showed the difference of 5 wt.% in weight loss, which confirms the loading of Triclosan into the polymer matrix. The polymer composite completely inhibited the strains of S. aureus 6538-P, S. aureus 39, S. epidermidis 12228, and Kl. Pneumoniae 10031 after 5-min contact time. The antimicrobial effects against Kl. pneumoniae 700603, Ps. aeruginosa 9027 and Ps. aeruginosa TA2 strains were 92.7%, 85.8% and 18.4%, respectively. The inhibition activity against C. albicans 10231 and C. albicans 2091 was 1.6% and 82.4%, respectively; while the clinical strain of C. albicans was inhibited by 92.2%. The polymer composite loaded with 5 wt.%-Triclosan displayed a stability over the period that illustrates the possibility of washing the composite surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandos Tauanov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Research and Development, LLP “Marmar Kazakhstan”, Taldykorgan 040008, Kazakhstan; (O.Z.); (Z.B.)
| | - Olzhas Zakiruly
- Department of Research and Development, LLP “Marmar Kazakhstan”, Taldykorgan 040008, Kazakhstan; (O.Z.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zhuldyz Baimenova
- Department of Research and Development, LLP “Marmar Kazakhstan”, Taldykorgan 040008, Kazakhstan; (O.Z.); (Z.B.)
| | - Alzhan Baimenov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
- Laboratory of Green Energy and Environment, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Nuraly S. Akimbekov
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.S.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Dmitriy Berillo
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.S.A.); (D.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Botany School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
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A novel antibacterial zirconia-containing PMMA bone cement. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 129:105135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu J, Zhang H, Sun H, Liu Y, Liu W, Su B, Li S. The Development of Filler Morphology in Dental Resin Composites: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5612. [PMID: 34640020 PMCID: PMC8509641 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dental resin composites (DRCs) with diverse fillers added are widely-used restorative materials to repair tooth defects. The addition of fillers brings an improvement in the mechanical properties of DRCs. In the past decade, diverse fillers have emerged. However, the change of emerging fillers mainly focuses on the chemical composition, while the morphologic characteristics changes are often ignored. The fillers with new morphologies not only have the advantages of traditional fillers (particles, fibrous filler, etc.), but also endow some additional functional characteristics (stronger bonding ability to resin matrix, polymerization resistance, and wear resistance, drug release control ability, etc.). Moreover, some new morphologies are closely related to the improvement of traditional fillers, porous filler vs. glass particles, core-sheath fibrous vs. fibrous, etc. Some other new morphology fillers are combinations of traditional fillers, UHA vs. HA particles and fibrous, tetrapod-like whisker vs. whisker and fibrous filler, mesoporous silica vs. porous and silica particles. In this review, we give an overall description and a preliminary summary of the fillers, as well as our perspectives on the future direction of the development of novel fillers for next-generation DRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Materials, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Materials, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Huijun Sun
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK; (H.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Yanru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Materials, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Materials, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK; (H.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Shibao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Materials, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
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Wang Y, Zhu M, Zhu XX. Functional fillers for dental resin composites. Acta Biomater 2021; 122:50-65. [PMID: 33290913 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dental resin composites (DRCs) are popular materials to repair caries. Although various types of DRCs with different characteristics have been developed, restoration failures still exist. Bulk fracture and secondary caries have been considered as main causes for the failure of composites restoration. To address these problems, various fillers with specific functions have been introduced and studied. Some fillers with specific morphologies such as whisker, fiber, and nanotube, have been used to increase the mechanical properties of DRCs, and other fillers releasing ions such as Ag+, Ca2+, and F-, have been used to inhibit the secondary caries. These functional fillers are helpful to improve the performances and lifespan of DRCs. In this article, we firstly introduce the composition and development of DRCs, then review and discuss the functional fillers classified according to their roles in the DRCs, finally give a summary on the current research and predict the trend of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - X X Zhu
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Ali S, Sangi L, Kumar N, Kumar B, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS. Evaluating antibacterial and surface mechanical properties of chitosan modified dental resin composites. Technol Health Care 2021; 28:165-173. [PMID: 31594266 DOI: 10.3233/thc-181568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antibacterial properties are beneficial and desired for dental restorative composite materials. The incorporation of various antimicrobial agents into resin composites may compromise their physical and mechanical properties hence limiting their applications. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity and the hardness of microhybrid and flowable resin based composites (RBCs) modified using novel antimicrobial agent chitosan (CS). METHODS The antibacterial activity of microhybrid and flowable RBCs modified with 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/w chitosan (CS) against Actinomyces viscous bacteria was explored using agar diffusion test and direct contact methods. The hardness of control and experimental RBCs was determined by Vickers hardness (VH) tester. RESULTS The results revealed that control and experimental flowable and microhybrid RBCs did not demonstrate growth inhibition zone in the lawn growth of Actinomyces viscous. The direct contact test revealed that colony forming unit (CFU) count of Actinomyces viscous was comparable among the experimental and control materials. The flowable RBCs containing 1% CS had significantly higher VH compared to control and other experimental flowable RBC groups. The microhybrid RBCs consisting of 0.50% CS exhibited significantly higher VH compared to experimental microhybrid RBC group containing 1% CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Bibi Aseefa Dental College, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana, Pakistan
| | - Laila Sangi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bharat Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Material, RIPHAH International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Chen Y, Caneli G, Almousa R, Wen X, Anderson GG, Xie D. An antibacterial dental light-cured glass-ionomer cement with improved hardness. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:2362-2380. [PMID: 32807032 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1812039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An antibacterial dental light-cured glass-ionomer cement has been developed and evaluated. An antibacterial furanone derivative was synthesized and covalently attached onto the surface of alumina filler particles. The formed antibacterial fillers were then mixed into a light-curable glass-ionomer cement formulation. Surface hardness and bacterial viability were used to evaluate the modified cements. Effects of coated furanone moiety content on the modified fillers, modified alumina filler particle size and loading, and total glass filler content were investigated. Results showed that increasing antibacterial furanone content, modified particle size and loading, and total glass filler content generally increased surface hardness. Increasing furanone moiety, filler loading and total filler content increased antibacterial activity. On the other hand, increasing particle size decreased antibacterial activity. The leaching tests indicate that the modified experimental cement showed no leachable antibacterial component to bacteria and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gulsah Caneli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rashed Almousa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gregory G Anderson
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dong Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Aminoroaya A, Esmaeely Neisiany R, Nouri Khorasani S, Panahi P, Das O, Ramakrishna S. A Review of Dental Composites: Methods of Characterizations. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3713-3744. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Aminoroaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran
| | - Saied Nouri Khorasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Parisa Panahi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Oisik Das
- Material Science Division, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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13
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Paula ABD, Alonso RCB, Taparelli JR, Camassari JR, Innocentini-Mei LH, Correr-Sobrinho L, Puppin-Rontani RM. Influence of the incorporation of triclosan methacrylate on the physical properties and antibacterial activity of resin composite. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180262. [PMID: 31508789 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of antimicrobials in the composites as an attempt to reduce bacterial adhesion without jeopardizing mechanical properties is a challenge for Dentistry. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the bacterial adhesion and physical properties of a composite containing the methacrylate triclosan- derivative monomer (TM). METHODOLOGY TM was synthesized and added to an experimental composite. Samples were divided into two groups: Control and TM (13.4 wt%). Antibacterial Activity: Three specimens of each material were prepared and placed on bacterial suspensions of Streptococcus mutans for 1, 5 and 10 days. After these periods the counting of the colonies (log10) was performed. Assays was performed in triplicate. Physical Properties: Three-body Abrasion (TBA): Ten specimens of each material were prepared and stored at 37°C/24 h. The surface roughness (Ra) and hardness (KHN) were analyzed. Next, the specimens were submitted to abrasive wear (30,000 cycles) and re-evaluated for Ra and KHN; Sorption/solubility (SS): cylindrical specimens (n=10) were prepared and weighted. The specimens were immersed in deionized water for 7 days at 37°C and then their weight was verified again. SS were calculated using accepted formulas; Diametral tensile strength (DTS): specimens (n=10) underwent test performed in an Instron universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were submitted to appropriate statistical tests according to data distribution and assay (p<0.05). RESULTS Bacterial Adhesion: TM showed a significant reduction on biofilm accumulation in the evaluated periods: 1 day (1.537±0.146); 5 days (2.183±0.138) and 10 days (4.469±0.155) when compared with Control: 1 day (4.954±0.249); 5 days (5.498±0.257) and 10 days (6.306±0.287). Physical Properties: For TBA, SS and DTS no significant difference was found between groups Control and TM. The incorporation of methacrylate triclosan-based monomer in the experimental composite reduce bacterial adhesion of S. mutans and did not affect important polymer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Bolzan de Paula
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Área de Materiais Dentários, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Jesus Roberto Taparelli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Departamento de Materiais e Bioprocessos, Área de Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Rodrigues Camassari
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Área de Materiais Dentários, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lúcia Helena Innocentini-Mei
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Departamento de Materiais e Bioprocessos, Área de Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Área de Materiais Dentários, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Regina M Puppin-Rontani
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Odontologia Infantil, Área de Odontopediatria, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
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14
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Novel Protein-Repellent and Antibacterial Resins and Cements to Inhibit Lesions and Protect Teeth. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/5602904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment is increasingly popular as people worldwide seek esthetics and better quality of life. In orthodontic treatment, complex appliances and retainers are placed in the patients’ mouths for at least one year, which often lead to biofilm plaque accumulation. This in turn increases the caries-inducing bacteria, decreases the pH of the retained plaque on an enamel surface, and causes white spot lesions (WSLs) in enamel. This article reviews the cutting-edge research on a new class of bioactive and therapeutic dental resins, cements, and adhesives that can inhibit biofilms and protect tooth structures. The novel approaches include the use of protein-repellent and anticaries polymeric dental cements containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM); multifunctional resins that can inhibit enamel demineralization; protein-repellent and self-etching adhesives to greatly reduce oral biofilm growth; and novel polymethyl methacrylate resins to suppress oral biofilms and acid production. These new materials could reduce biofilm attachment, raise local biofilm pH, and facilitate the remineralization to protect the teeth. This novel class of dental resin with dual benefits of antibacterial and protein-repellent capabilities has the potential for a wide range of dental and biomedical applications to inhibit bacterial infection and protect the tissues.
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15
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Wu J, Xie X, Zhou H, Tay FR, Weir MD, Melo MAS, Oates TW, Zhang N, Zhang Q, Xu HH. Development of a new class of self-healing and therapeutic dental resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Almouse R, Wen X, Na S, Anderson G, Xie D. Polyvinylchloride surface with enhanced cell/bacterial adhesion-resistant and antibacterial functions. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:1415-1426. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328219834680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study reports synthesis and attachment of a novel antibacterial and hydrophilic polymer onto a polyvinylchloride surface via a simple and mild surface coating technique. The compound 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone was derivatized and copolymerized with N-vinylpyrrolidone. The copolymer was then covalently coated onto polyvinylchloride surface. 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells and bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to evaluate surface adhesion and antibacterial activity. Results showed that the polymer-modified polyvinylchloride surface not only exhibited significantly decreased 3T3 fibroblast cell adhesion with a 64–84% reduction but also demonstrated significantly decreased P. aeruginosa adhesion with a 65–84% reduction, as compared to unmodified polyvinylchloride. Furthermore, the modified polyvinylchloride surfaces exhibited significant antibacterial functions by inhibiting P. aeruginosa growth with a 58–80% reduction and killing bacteria, as compared to unmodified polyvinylchloride. These results demonstrate that covalent polymer attachment conferred cell/bacterial adhesion-resistant and antibacterial properties to the polyvinylchloride surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashed Almouse
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Science Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
| | - Sungsoo Na
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
| | - Gregory Anderson
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
| | - Dong Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
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17
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Kwon JS, Lee MJ, Kim JY, Kim D, Ryu JH, Jang S, Kim KM, Hwang CJ, Choi SH. Novel anti-biofouling light-curable fluoride varnish containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine to prevent enamel demineralization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1432. [PMID: 30723241 PMCID: PMC6363795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of light-curable fluoride varnish (LCFV) that contains 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) in terms of anti-biofouling properties and prevention of tooth enamel demineralization. MPC was mixed with and incorporated into LCFV at 0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, and 40.0 weight percentage (wt%). Addition of high wt% of MPC resulted in increased film thickness and decreased the degree of conversion, indicating loss of the advantageous properties of LCFV. Addition of 1.5, 3, or 5 wt% MPC significantly reduced the amount of bovine serum albumin adsorbed from a solution and proteins adsorbed from brain heart infusion medium compared to the control (P < 0.001). A similar pattern was observed for bacterial adhesion: significantly less Streptococcus mutans cells adhered on the surface of LCFV with 1.5, 3, or 5 wt% MPC (P < 0.001) than on the control, and similar results were obtained for Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus sanguinis adherence to LCFV with 3 wt% MPC. Finally, bacterial adhesion, surface microhardness loss, and the depth of demineralization were substantially lower on bovine tooth enamel surface coated with LCFV containing 3 wt% of MPC than in the control treatment (0 wt% MPC). Therefore, this novel LCFV containing a low concentration of MPC (e.g., 3 wt%) would be effective in anti-biofouling while maintaining the important advantageous features of light-curable fluoride in preventing demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Ryu
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungil Jang
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Ju Hwang
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Almousa R, Wen X, Na S, Anderson G, Xie D. A modified polyvinylchloride surface with antibacterial and antifouling functions. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashed Almousa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and TechnologyIndiana University‐Purdue University at Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical ScienceMajmaah University Al Majma'ah Riyadh 11952 Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and TechnologyIndiana University‐Purdue University at Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Sungsoo Na
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and TechnologyIndiana University‐Purdue University at Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Gregory Anderson
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of ScienceIndiana University‐Purdue University at Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Dong Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and TechnologyIndiana University‐Purdue University at Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
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19
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Zajdowicz S, Song HB, Baranek A, Bowman CN. Evaluation of biofilm formation on novel copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC)-based resins for dental restoratives. Dent Mater 2019; 34:657-666. [PMID: 29422327 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For the past several decades, the resins used in dental restorations have been plagued with numerous problems, including their implication in biofilm formation and secondary caries. The need for alternative resins is critical, and evaluation of biofilm formation on these resins is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro biofilm formation on the surface of novel copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC)-based resins and composites. METHODS CuAAC-based resins/composites made from varying azide monomers and different copper concentrations were compared with BisGMA-TEGDMA resins/composites that served as the control. Biofilms were formed using a mono-species model containing a luciferase-expressing strain of Streptococcus mutans. Luciferase activity was measured and the number of viable bacteria was enumerated on biofilms associated with each resin and composite. RESULTS A significant reduction (p<0.05) in luciferase activity, and the number of viable bacteria recovered from biofilms on CuAAC-based resins and composites was observed in comparison to biofilms associated with the BisGMA-TEGDMA controls. SIGNIFICANCE CuAAC-based resins do still allow for the formation of biofilms; however, the statistically significant reduction of growth that was associated with the CuAAC resin may enhance the longevity of restorations that incorporate CuAAC-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Zajdowicz
- Department of Biology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, PO Box 173362, Campus Box #53, Denver, CO, 80217, United States.
| | - Han Byul Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO, United States.
| | - Austin Baranek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO, United States.
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO, United States.
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20
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Kwon JS, Lee MJ, Kim JY, Kim D, Ryu JH, Jang S, Kim KM, Hwang CJ, Choi SH. Novel anti-biofouling bioactive calcium silicate-based cement containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211007. [PMID: 30653611 PMCID: PMC6336247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) are commonly used for endodontic procedures; however, their antibacterial effects are limited. The objective of this study was to develop a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-incorporated CSC with improved antibacterial properties, while maintaining the original advantageous features of CSC. MPC was incorporated into a commercial CSC (Endocem MTA) at 0 wt% (control), 1.5%, 3.0 wt%, 5.0 wt%, 7.5 wt%, and 10 wt%. The setting time, compressive strength, water sorption, and glycerol contact angle were measured. Protein absorption was measured and bacterial adhesion on the surface was evaluated using Enterococcus faecalis. The bactericidal effect was examined by the disc diffusion test. Mineralization ability was assessed based on calcium ion deposition, as assessed by alizarin red staining, after immersion into Hank's balanced salt solution for 7 days. High concentrations of MPC in CSC (7.5 wt% and 10 wt%) increased the setting time, reduced compressive strength, and reduced wettability. MPC (3 wt%) had greater protein repellent and anti-biofouling effects than those of control and test materials (P < 0.001). However, no bactericidal effect was observed for any control or test materials. There was greater calcium ion deposition on the surface of MPC-supplemented CSC than on the control (P < 0.001). The addition of 3 wt% MPC polymer to CSC confers protein-repellent properties and reduced bacterial attachment, with the potential for improved mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Ryu
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungil Jang
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Ju Hwang
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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21
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The antibacterial, cytotoxic, and flexural properties of a composite resin containing a quaternary ammonium monomer. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 120:609-616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Zhang K, Baras B, Lynch CD, Weir MD, Melo MAS, Li Y, Reynolds MA, Bai Y, Wang L, Wang S, Xu HHK. Developing a New Generation of Therapeutic Dental Polymers to Inhibit Oral Biofilms and Protect Teeth. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091747. [PMID: 30227632 PMCID: PMC6165509 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric tooth-colored restorations are increasingly popular in dentistry. However, restoration failures remain a major challenge, and more than 50% of all operative work was devoted to removing and replacing the failed restorations. This is a heavy burden, with the expense for restoring dental cavities in the U.S. exceeding $46 billion annually. In addition, the need is increasing dramatically as the population ages with increasing tooth retention in seniors. Traditional materials for cavity restorations are usually bioinert and replace the decayed tooth volumes. This article reviews cutting-edge research on the synthesis and evaluation of a new generation of bioactive dental polymers that not only restore the decayed tooth structures, but also have therapeutic functions. These materials include polymeric composites and bonding agents for tooth cavity restorations that inhibit saliva-based microcosm biofilms, bioactive resins for tooth root caries treatments, polymers that can suppress periodontal pathogens, and root canal sealers that can kill endodontic biofilms. These novel compositions substantially inhibit biofilm growth, greatly reduce acid production and polysaccharide synthesis of biofilms, and reduce biofilm colony-forming units by three to four orders of magnitude. This new class of bioactive and therapeutic polymeric materials is promising to inhibit tooth decay, suppress recurrent caries, control oral biofilms and acid production, protect the periodontium, and heal endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Bashayer Baras
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Christopher D Lynch
- Restorative Dentistry, University Dental School and Hospital, Wilton T12 E8YV, Ireland.
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Yuncong Li
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Suping Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics & Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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23
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Xie D, Howard L, Almousa R. Surface modification of polyurethane with a hydrophilic, antibacterial polymer for improved antifouling and antibacterial function. J Biomater Appl 2018; 33:340-351. [PMID: 30089433 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218792687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial surface is important for the inhibition of bacteria or biofilm formation on biomaterials. The objective of this study was to immobilize a novel hydrophilic polymer containing the antibacterial moiety onto polyurethane surface via a simple surface coating technology to make the surface not only antibacterial but also antifouling. The compound 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone was derivatized, characterized and incorporated onto polyvinylpyrrolidone containing succinimidyl functional groups, followed by coating onto the polyurethane surface. Contact angle, antibacterial function and protein adsorption of the modified surface were evaluated. The result shows that the modified surface exhibited significantly enhanced hydrophilicity with a 54-65% decrease in contact angle, increased antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a 24-57% decrease in viability, and reduced human serum albumin adsorption with a 64-70% decrease in adsorption, as compared to the original polyurethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis 46202, IN, USA
| | - Leah Howard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis 46202, IN, USA
| | - Rashed Almousa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis 46202, IN, USA
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24
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Bioactive Dental Composites and Bonding Agents Having Remineralizing and Antibacterial Characteristics. Dent Clin North Am 2018; 61:669-687. [PMID: 28886763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current dental restorative materials are typically inert and replace missing tooth structures. This article reviews efforts in the development of a new generation of bioactive materials designed to not only replace the missing tooth volume but also possess therapeutic functions. Composites and bonding agents with remineralizing and antibacterial characteristics have shown promise in replacing lost minerals, inhibiting recurrent caries, neutralizing acids, repelling proteins, and suppressing biofilms and acid production. Furthermore, they have demonstrated a low cytotoxicity similar to current resins, with additional benefits to protect the dental pulp and promote tertiary dentin formation. This new class of bioactive materials shows promise in reversing lesions and inhibiting caries.
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25
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Zhang N, Zhang K, Weir MD, Xu DJ, Reynolds MA, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Effects of water-aging for 6 months on the durability of a novel antimicrobial and protein-repellent dental bonding agent. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:18. [PMID: 29925870 PMCID: PMC6010414 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms at the tooth-restoration bonded interface can produce acids and cause recurrent caries. Recurrent caries is a primary reason for restoration failures. The objectives of this study were to synthesize a novel bioactive dental bonding agent containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) to inhibit biofilm formation at the tooth-restoration margin and to investigate the effects of water-aging for 6 months on the dentin bond strength and protein-repellent and antibacterial durability. A protein-repellent agent (MPC) and antibacterial agent (DMAHDM) were added to a Scotchbond multi-purpose (SBMP) primer and adhesive. Specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 1, 30, 90, or 180 days (d). At the end of each time period, the dentin bond strength and protein-repellent and antibacterial properties were evaluated. Protein attachment onto resin specimens was measured by the micro-bicinchoninic acid approach. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model was used to test the biofilm response. The SBMP + MPC + DMAHDM group showed no decline in dentin bond strength after water-aging for 6 months, which was significantly higher than that of the control (P < 0.05). The SBMP + MPC + DMAHDM group had protein adhesion that was only 1/20 of that of the SBMP control (P < 0.05). Incorporation of MPC and DMAHDM into SBMP provided a synergistic effect on biofilm reduction. The antibacterial effect and resistance to protein adsorption exhibited no decrease from 1 to 180 d (P > 0.1). In conclusion, a bonding agent with MPC and DMAHDM achieved a durable dentin bond strength and long-term resistance to proteins and oral bacteria. The novel dental bonding agent is promising for applications in preventive and restorative dentistry to reduce biofilm formation at the tooth-restoration margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Biomatexrials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Biomatexrials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomatexrials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Xu
- Biomatexrials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Biomatexrials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomatexrials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA.
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26
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de Paula AB, Taparelli JR, Alonso RCB, Innocentini-Mei LH, Puppin-Rontani RM. Synthesis and application of triclosan methacrylate monomer in resin composites. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:965-974. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Xu Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Xie D. Preparation of a low viscosity urethane-based composite for improved dental restoratives. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:400-407. [PMID: 29553122 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several new urethane-based dimethacrylates were synthesized, characterized and used to formulate the resin composites. Compressive strength (CS) was used as a screen tool to evaluate the mechanical property of the formed composites. Flexural strength, diametral tensile strength, water sorption, degree of conversion and shrinkage of the composites were also evaluated. The results show that most of the synthesized urethane-based dimethacrylates were solid, which are not suitable to dental filling restorations. However, it was found that liquid urethane-based dimethacrylates could be derivatized using asymmetrical methacrylate synthesis. Not only the newly synthesized urethane-based dimethacrylates showed lower viscosity values but also their constructed composites exhibited higher mechanical strengths. Without triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) addition, the new urethane-constructed composites showed significantly lower water sorption and shrinkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytech University.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
| | - Juntao Zhang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytech University
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytech University
| | - Dong Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
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Nanostructured Polymeric Materials with Protein-Repellent and Anti-Caries Properties for Dental Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8060393. [PMID: 29865184 PMCID: PMC6027387 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries is prevalent worldwide. Tooth cavity restorations cost more than $46 billion annually in the United States alone. The current generation of esthetic polymeric restorations have unsatisfactory failure rates. Replacing the failed restorations accounts for 50–70% of all the restorations. This article reviewed developments in producing a new generation of bioactive and therapeutic restorations. This includes: Protein-repellent and anti-caries polymeric dental composites, especially the use of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM); protein-repellent adhesives to greatly reduce biofilm acids; bioactive cements to inhibit tooth lesions; combining protein-repellency with antibacterial nanoparticles of silver; tooth surface coatings containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles for remineralization; therapeutic restorations to suppress periodontal pathogens; and long-term durability of bioactive and therapeutic dental polymers. MPC was chosen due to its strong ability to repel proteins. DMAHDM was selected because it had the most potent antibacterial activity when compared to a series of antibacterial monomers. The new generation of materials possessed potent antibacterial functions against cariogenic and periodontal pathogens, and reduced biofilm colony-forming units by up to 4 logs, provided calcium phosphate ions for remineralization and strengthening of tooth structures, and raised biofilm pH from a cariogenic pH 4.5 to a safe pH 6.5. The new materials achieved a long-term durability that was significantly beyond current commercial control materials. This new generation of bioactive and nanostructured polymers is promising for wide applications to provide therapeutic healing effects and greater longevity for dental restorations.
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Chatzistavrou X, Lefkelidou A, Papadopoulou L, Pavlidou E, Paraskevopoulos KM, Fenno JC, Flannagan S, González-Cabezas C, Kotsanos N, Papagerakis P. Bactericidal and Bioactive Dental Composites. Front Physiol 2018; 9:103. [PMID: 29503619 PMCID: PMC5820345 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Antimicrobial and bioactive restorative materials are needed to develop a bacteria free environment and tight bond with the surrounding tissue, preventing the spread of secondary caries and thus extending the lifetime of dental restorations. The characteristic properties of new dental bioactive and antibacterial composites are presented in this work. The new composites have been microstructurally characterized and both long and short term properties have been studied. Methods: The Ag-doped sol-gel derived bioactive glass (Ag-BG) was incorporated into resin composite in concentrations 5, 10, and 15 wt.%, to fabricate new Ag-doped bioactive and antibacterial dental composites (Ag-BGCOMP). The microstructural properties and elemental analysis of the developed Ag-BGCOMP was observed. The total bond strength (TBS) was measured immediately and after long term of immersion in medium using microtensile testing. The capability of Ag-BGCOMPs to form apatite layer on their surface after immersion in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) as well as the bacteria growth inhibition in a biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) were evaluated. Results: Homogeneous distribution of Ag-BG particles into the resin composite was observed microstructurally for all Ag-BGCOMPs. The TBS measurements showed non-statistically significant difference between control samples (Ag-BG 0 wt.%) and Ag-BGCOMP specimens. Moreover, the total bond strength between the surrounding tooth tissue and the material of restoration does not present any statistically significant change for all the cases even after 3 months of immersion in the medium. The bioactivity of the Ag-BGCOMPs was also shown by the formation of a calcium-phosphate layer on the surface of the specimens after immersion in SBF. Antibacterial activity was observed for all Ag-BGCOMPs, statistically significant differences were observed between control samples and Ag-BGCOMPs. Accordingly, the number of dead bacteria in the biofilm found to increase significantly with the increase of Ag-BG concentration in the Ag-BGCOMPs. Conclusions: New resin composites with antibacterial and remineralizing properties have been manufactured. Characterization of these materials provides a rationale for future clinical trials to evaluate clinical benefits and outcomes in comparison with currently used dental materials. Significance: The new developed composites could ultimately prevent restoration failure and could advance patients' wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthippi Chatzistavrou
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anna Lefkelidou
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - J Christopher Fenno
- Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Susan Flannagan
- Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Carlos González-Cabezas
- Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nikos Kotsanos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Hwang G, Koltisko B, Jin X, Koo H. Nonleachable Imidazolium-Incorporated Composite for Disruption of Bacterial Clustering, Exopolysaccharide-Matrix Assembly, and Enhanced Biofilm Removal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38270-38280. [PMID: 29020439 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-grown bacteria and production of an extracellular polymeric matrix modulate the assembly of highly cohesive and firmly attached biofilms, making them difficult to remove from solid surfaces. Inhibition of cell growth and inactivation of matrix-producing bacteria can impair biofilm formation and facilitate removal. Here, we developed a novel nonleachable antibacterial composite with potent antibiofilm activity by directly incorporating polymerizable imidazolium-containing resin (antibacterial resin with carbonate linkage; ABR-C) into a methacrylate-based scaffold (ABR-modified composite; ABR-MC) using an efficient yet simplified chemistry. Low-dose inclusion of imidazolium moiety (∼2 wt %) resulted in bioactivity with minimal cytotoxicity without compromising mechanical integrity of the restorative material. The antibiofilm properties of ABR-MC were assessed using an exopolysaccharide-matrix-producing (EPS-matrix-producing) oral pathogen (Streptococcus mutans) in an experimental biofilm model. Using high-resolution confocal fluorescence imaging and biophysical methods, we observed remarkable disruption of bacterial accumulation and defective 3D matrix structure on the surface of ABR-MC. Specifically, the antibacterial composite impaired the ability of S. mutans to form organized bacterial clusters on the surface, resulting in altered biofilm architecture with sparse cell accumulation and reduced amounts of EPS matrix (versus control composite). Biofilm topology analyses on the control composite revealed a highly organized and weblike EPS structure that tethers the bacterial clusters to each other and to the surface, forming a highly cohesive unit. In contrast, such a structured matrix was absent on the surface of ABR-MC with mostly sparse and amorphous EPS, indicating disruption in the biofilm physical stability. Consistent with lack of structural organization, the defective biofilm on the surface of ABR-MC was readily detached when subjected to low shear stress, while most of the biofilm biomass remained on the control surface. Altogether, we demonstrate a new nonleachable antibacterial composite with excellent antibiofilm activity without affecting its mechanical properties, which may serve as a platform for development of alternative antifouling biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geelsu Hwang
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , 240 South 40th Street, Levy Building Room 417, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bernard Koltisko
- Dentsply Sirona , 38 West Clarke Avenue, Milford, Delaware 19963, United States
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Dentsply Sirona , 38 West Clarke Avenue, Milford, Delaware 19963, United States
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , 240 South 40th Street, Levy Building Room 417, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Xu Y, Wang H, Xie D. Preparation of new low viscosity urethane dimethacrylates for dental composites. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 29:1011-1025. [PMID: 28784029 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1364098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Urethane-based polymers are very biocompatible in many biomedical applications. This study reports the synthesis of new low viscosity urethane dimethacrylates and evaluation of the formed composites. New urethane dimethacrylates were synthesized and formulated to form the composites. Compressive strength was used as a primary tool to evaluate the mechanical property. Water sorption, solubility, degree of conversion, flexural strengths and shrinkage were also investigated. It was found that liquid urethane dimethacrylates could be synthesized by derivatizing isocyanates with asymmetrical methacrylates. By eliminating diluent triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, the new urethane dimethacrylate-composed composites showed significantly higher modulus, lower water sorption, lower solubility and lower shrinkage, as compared to commercial BisGMA- and UDMA-based ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xu
- a College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Wuhan Polytech University , Wuhan , China.,b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology , Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Haibo Wang
- a College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Wuhan Polytech University , Wuhan , China
| | - Dong Xie
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology , Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis , Indianapolis , IN , USA
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32
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Cao W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Li Q, Xing X, Xiao Y, Peng X, Ye Z. Development of a novel resin-based dental material with dual biocidal modes and sustained release of Ag + ions based on photocurable core-shell AgBr/cationic polymer nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:103. [PMID: 28534286 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on the incorporation of cutting-edge nano-antibacterial agent for designing dental materials with potent and long-lasting antibacterial property is demanding and provoking work. In this study, a novel resin-based dental material containing photocurable core-shell AgBr/cationic polymer nanocomposite (AgBr/BHPVP) was designed and developed. The shell of polymerizable cationic polymer not only provided non-releasing antibacterial capability for dental resins, but also had the potential to polymerize with other methacrylate monomers and prevented nanoparticles from aggregating in the resin matrix. As a result, incorporation of AgBr/BHPVP nanocomposites did not adversely affect the flexural strength and modulus but greatly increased the Vicker's hardness of resin disks. By continuing to release Ag+ ions without the impact of anaerobic environment, resins containing AgBr/BHPVP nanoparticles are particularly suitable to combat anaerobic cariogenic bacteria. By reason of the combined bactericidal effect of the contact-killing cationic polymers and the releasing-killing Ag+ ions, AgBr/BHPVP-containing resin disks had potent bactericidal activity against S. mutans. The long-lasting antibacterial activity was also achieved through the sustained release of Ag+ ions due to the core-shell structure of the nanocomposites. The results of macrophage cytotoxicity showed that the cell viability of dental resins loading less than 1.0 wt% AgBr/BHPVP was close to that of neat resins. The AgBr/BHPVP-containing dental resin with dual bactericidal capability and long term antimicrobial effect is a promising material aimed at preventing second caries and prolonging the longevity of resin composite restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei St, , 210094, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, 650032, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei St, , 210094, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinyan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, 650032, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei St, , 210094, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xing
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei St, , 210094, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuhong Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, 650032, Kunming, China.
- Center for Dental Research, School of dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA.
| | - Xuefeng Peng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei St, , 210094, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei St, , 210094, Nanjing, China
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Zhang N, Zhang K, Melo MAS, Weir MD, Xu DJ, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Effects of Long-Term Water-Aging on Novel Anti-Biofilm and Protein-Repellent Dental Composite. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010186. [PMID: 28106774 PMCID: PMC5297818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to: (1) synthesize an anti-biofilm and protein-repellent dental composite by combining 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) with quaternary ammonium dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM); and (2) evaluate the effects of water-aging for 180 days on protein resistance, bacteria-killing ability, and mechanical properties of MPC-DMAHDM composite. MPC and DMAHDM were added into a resin composite. Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 1, 30, 90, and 180 days. Mechanical properties were measured in three-point flexure. Protein attachment onto the composite was evaluated by a micro bicinchoninic acid approach. An oral plaque microcosm biofilm model was employed to evaluate oral biofilm viability vs. water-aging time. Mechanical properties of the MPC-DMAHDM composite after 180-day immersion matched those of the commercial control composite. The composite with 3% MPC + 1.5% DMAHDM had much stronger resistance to protein adhesion than control (p < 0.05). MPC + DMAHDM achieved much stronger biofilm-eradicating effects than MPC or DMAHDM alone (p < 0.05). Biofilm colony-forming units on the 3% MPC + 1.5% DMAHDM composite were three orders of magnitude lower than commercial control. The protein-repellent and antibacterial effects were durable and showed no loss in water-aging from 1 to 180 days. The novel MPC-DMAHDM composite possessed strong and durable resistance to protein adhesion and potent bacteria-eradicating function, while matching the load-bearing ability of a commercial dental composite. The novel MPC-DMAHDM composite represents a promising means of suppressing oral plaque growth, acid production, and secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Mary A S Melo
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - David J Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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Primer containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate kills bacteria impregnated in human dentin blocks. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 8:239-245. [PMID: 27811846 PMCID: PMC5168419 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) was recently synthesized. The objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate antibacterial activity of DMADDM-containing primer on Streptococcus mutans impregnated into dentin blocks for the first time, and (2) compare the antibacterial efficacy of DMADDM with a previous quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM). Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) bonding agent was used. DMADDM and QADM were mixed into SBMP primer. Six primers were tested: SBMP control primer P, P+2.5% DMADDM, P+5% DMADDM, P+7.5% DMADDM, P+10% DMADDM, and P+10% QADM. S. mutans were impregnated into human dentin blocks, and each primer was applied to dentin to test its ability to kill bacteria in dentinal tubules. Bacteria in dentin were collected via a sonication method, and the colony-forming units (CFU) and inhibition zones were measured. The bacterial inhibition zone of P+10% DMADDM was 10 times that of control primer (P<0.05). CFU in dentin with P+10% DMADDM was reduced by three orders of magnitude, compared with control. DMADDM had a much stronger antibacterial effect than QADM, and antibacterial efficacy increased with increasing DMADDM concentration. Dentin shear bond strengths were similar among all groups (P>0.1). In conclusion, antibacterial DMADDM-containing primer was validated to kill bacteria inside dentin blocks, possessing a much stronger antibacterial potency than the previous QADM. DMADDM-containing bonding agent was effective in eradicating bacteria in dentin, and its efficacy was directly proportional to DMADDM mass fraction. Therefore, DMADDM may be promising for use in bonding agents as well as in other restorative and preventive materials to inhibit bacteria.
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Wang L, Melo MAS, Weir MD, Xie X, Reynolds MA, Xu HHK. Novel bioactive nanocomposite for Class-V restorations to inhibit periodontitis-related pathogens. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e351-e361. [PMID: 27671471 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The occurrence of tooth root caries is increasing as the world population ages and tooth retention in seniors increases. Class V restorations with subgingival margins are difficult to clean and often lead to periodontitis. The objectives of this study were to develop a Class V composite containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and investigate mechanical properties and the inhibition of six species of periodontitis-related biofilms for the first time. METHODS Ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) and pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) were mixed at 1:1 mass ratio to form the resin matrix. DMAHDM, NACP, and glass particles were incorporated at 3%, 20% and 50% by mass, respectively. Six species were tested: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Enterococcus faecalis. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, biomass via crystal violet staining, and polysaccharide production by biofilms were determined on composites. RESULT Adding 3% DMAHDM to composite did not affect the flexure strength and elastic modulus (p>0.1). For all six species of periodontal pathogens, the DMAHDM composite had biofilm CFU nearly three orders of magnitude less than that without DMAHDM. The killing efficacy of DMAHDM composite against the six species was: E. faecalis<F. nucleatum<P. nigrescens=P. intermedia<A. actinomycetemcomitans<P. gingivalis. Biofilm biomass and polysaccharide were also greatly reduced via DMAHDM (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The novel nanocomposite containing DMAHDM and NACP showed strong inhibiting effect against all six species of periodontitis-related pathogens. This composite is promising for Class V restorations to restore root caries and combat periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- VIP Integrated Department, Stomatological Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary A S Melo
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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Effects of quaternary ammonium chain length on the antibacterial and remineralizing effects of a calcium phosphate nanocomposite. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 8:45-53. [PMID: 27025265 PMCID: PMC4822178 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Composites containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) remineralize tooth lesions and inhibit caries. A recent study synthesized quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) with chain lengths (CLs) of 3–18 and determined their effects on a bonding agent. This study aimed to incorporate these QAMs into NACP nanocomposites for the first time to simultaneously endow the material with antibacterial and remineralizing capabilities and to investigate the effects of the CL on the mechanical and biofilm properties. Five QAMs were synthesized: DMAPM (CL3), DMAHM (CL6), DMADDM (CL12), DMAHDM (CL16), and DMAODM (CL18). Each QAM was incorporated into a composite containing 20% NACP and 50% glass fillers. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity. The flexural strength and elastic modulus of nanocomposites with QAMs matched those of a commercial control composite (n = 6; P > 0.1). Increasing the CL from 3 to 16 greatly enhanced the antibacterial activity of the NACP nanocomposite (P < 0.05); further increasing the CL to 18 decreased the antibacterial potency. The NACP nanocomposite with a CL of 16 exhibited biofilm metabolic activity and acid production that were 10-fold lesser than those of the control composite. The NACP nanocomposite with a CL of 16 produced 2-log decreases in the colony-forming units (CFU) of total microorganisms, total streptococci, and mutans streptococci. In conclusion, QAMs with CLs of 3–18 were synthesized and incorporated into an NACP nanocomposite for the first time to simultaneously endow the material with antibacterial and remineralization capabilities. Increasing the CL reduced the metabolic activity and acid production of biofilms and caused a 2-log decrease in CFU without compromising the mechanical properties. Nanocomposites exhibiting strong anti-biofilm activity, remineralization effects, and mechanical properties are promising materials for tooth restorations that inhibit caries.
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do Amaral GS, Negrini T, Maltz M, Arthur RA. Restorative materials containing antimicrobial agents: is there evidence for their antimicrobial and anticaries effects? A systematic review. Aust Dent J 2016; 61:6-15. [PMID: 26018839 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic literature review was to investigate whether the incorporation of antimicrobial agents into dental restorative materials truly exerts an antimicrobial effect against common cariogenic bacteria (primary outcome), and whether the inclusion of antimicrobial agents is able to prevent caries around restorations (secondary outcome). MEDLINE, via PubMed, was searched for papers published between 1980 and 30 November 2014. A total of 1126 articles were retrieved. After inclusion/exclusion assessment, 147 full text articles were read and included in the review, comprising 130 in vitro, 1 in situ, and 4 in vivo studies, as well as 12 literature reviews. In about 78% of in vitro studies, and in all identified in situ and in vivo studies, a positive antimicrobial effect had been found. However, the anticaries effect had not been tested in any of the selected studies. It was concluded that there is indeed evidence that restorative dental materials containing antimicrobial agents exert an antimicrobial effect, both in laboratory and in clinical studies. However, no evidence has been found regarding the role of these agents in preventing or controlling dental caries, or in preventing caries around restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S do Amaral
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - T Negrini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M Maltz
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R A Arthur
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Zhang N, Chen C, Melo MA, Bai YX, Cheng L, Xu HH. A novel protein-repellent dental composite containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine. Int J Oral Sci 2015; 7:103-9. [PMID: 25655010 PMCID: PMC4817550 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2014.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary caries due to biofilm acids is a primary cause of dental composite restoration failure. To date, there have been no reports of dental composites that can repel protein adsorption and inhibit bacteria attachment. The objectives of this study were to develop a protein-repellent dental composite by incorporating 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and to investigate for the first time the effects of MPC mass fraction on protein adsorption, bacteria attachment, biofilm growth, and mechanical properties. Composites were synthesized with 0 (control), 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, 3%, 4.5% and 6% of MPC by mass. A commercial composite was also tested as a control. Mechanical properties were measured in three-point flexure. Protein adsorption onto the composite was determined by the microbicinchoninic acid method. A human saliva microcosm biofilm model was used. Early attachment at 4 h, biofilm at 2 days, live/dead staining and colony-forming units (CFUs) of biofilms grown on the composites were investigated. Composites with MPC of up to 3% had mechanical properties similar to those without MPC and those of the commercial control, whereas 4.5% and 6% MPC decreased the mechanical properties (P<0.05). Increasing MPC from 0 to 3% reduced the protein adsorption on composites (P<0.05). The composite with 3% MPC had protein adsorption that was 1/12 that of the control (P<0.05). Oral bacteria early attachment and biofilm growth were also greatly reduced on the composite with 3% MPC, compared to the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, incorporation of MPC into composites at 3% greatly reduced protein adsorption, bacteria attachment and biofilm CFUs, without compromising mechanical properties. Protein-repellent composites could help to repel bacteria attachment and plaque build-up to reduce secondary caries. The protein-repellent method might be applicable to other dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- 1] Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA [2] Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- 1] Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA [2] State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mary As Melo
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yu-Xing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hockin Hk Xu
- 1] Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA [2] Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA [3] Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA [4] Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA
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Abstract
All treatment involving the use of biomaterials in the body can affect the host in positive or negative ways. The microbiological environment in the oral cavity is affected by the composition and shape of the biomaterials used for oral restorations. This may impair the patients’ oral health and sometimes their general health as well. Many factors determine the composition of the microbiota and the formation of biofilm in relation to biomaterials such as, surface roughness, surface energy and chemical composition, This paper aims to give an overview of the scientific literature regarding the association between the chemical, mechanical and physical properties of dental biomaterials and oral biofilm formation, with emphasis on current research and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Øilo
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Aarstadveien 19, Bergen NO-5009, Norway
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +47-55586638; Fax: +47-55586489
| | - Vidar Bakken
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, The Laboratory Building, Bergen NO-5021, Norway; E-Mail:
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Farrugia C, Camilleri J. Antimicrobial properties of conventional restorative filling materials and advances in antimicrobial properties of composite resins and glass ionomer cements—A literature review. Dent Mater 2015; 31:e89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Antibacterial Effect and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Temporary Restorative Material Containing Antibacterial Agents. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2015; 2015:697197. [PMID: 27347539 PMCID: PMC4897206 DOI: 10.1155/2015/697197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. For the maintenance of the aseptic chain created during the treatment the coronal sealing becomes paramount. Aim. Evaluating the antibacterial effect and the physical-mechanical properties of a temporary restorative material containing different antibacterial agents. Material and Methods. Two antibacterial agents (triclosan and chloramine T) were manually added to a temporary restorative material used as base (Coltosol). The antibacterial action of the material was analyzed using the agar diffusion method, in pure cultures of Escherichia coli (ATCC BAA-2336) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 11632) and mixed culture of saliva collection. The microleakage rate was analyzed using bovine teeth, previously restored with the materials, and submitted to thermocycling, in a solution of 0.5% methylene blue, for a period of 24 hours. The physical and mechanical properties of the materials analyzed were setting time, water sorption, solubility, and compression strength. Results. No marginal leakage was observed for all groups. There was no statistical significant difference in antimicrobial activity, setting time, water sorption, solubility, and compression strength among the materials. Conclusion. The addition of antibacterial agents on a temporary restorative material did not optimize the antibacterial ability of the material and also did not change its physical-mechanical properties.
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Chen C, Weir MD, Cheng L, Lin NJ, Lin-Gibson S, Chow LC, Zhou X, Xu HHK. Antibacterial activity and ion release of bonding agent containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Dent Mater 2014; 30:891-901. [PMID: 24954647 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recurrent caries at the margins is a primary reason for restoration failure. The objectives of this study were to develop bonding agent with the double benefits of antibacterial and remineralizing capabilities, to investigate the effects of NACP filler level and solution pH on Ca and P ion release from adhesive, and to examine the antibacterial and dentin bond properties. METHODS Nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and a quaternary ammonium monomer (dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate, DMADDM) were synthesized. Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) primer and adhesive served as control. DMADDM was incorporated into primer and adhesive at 5% by mass. NACP was incorporated into adhesive at filler mass fractions of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model was used to test the antibacterial bonding agents. Calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion releases from the cured adhesive samples were measured vs. filler level and solution pH of 7, 5.5 and 4. RESULTS Adding 5% DMADDM and 10-40% NACP into bonding agent, and water-aging for 28 days, did not affect dentin bond strength, compared to SBMP control at 1 day (p>0.1). Adding DMADDM into bonding agent substantially decreased the biofilm metabolic activity and lactic acid production. Total microorganisms, total streptococci, and mutans streptococci were greatly reduced for bonding agents containing DMADDM. Increasing NACP filler level from 10% to 40% in adhesive increased the Ca and P ion release by an order of magnitude. Decreasing solution pH from 7 to 4 increased the ion release from adhesive by 6-10 folds. SIGNIFICANCE Bonding agents containing antibacterial DMADDM and remineralizer NACP were formulated to have Ca and P ion release, which increased with NACP filler level from 10% to 40% in adhesive. NACP adhesive was "smart" and dramatically increased the ion release at cariogenic pH 4, when these ions would be most-needed to inhibit caries. Therefore, bonding agent containing DMADDM and NACP may be promising to inhibit biofilms and remineralize tooth lesions thereby increasing the restoration longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nancy J Lin
- Biomaterials Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Sheng Lin-Gibson
- Biomaterials Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Laurence C Chow
- Dr. Anthony Volper Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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Li F, Wang P, Weir MD, Fouad AF, Xu HH. Evaluation of antibacterial and remineralizing nanocomposite and adhesive in rat tooth cavity model. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2804-13. [PMID: 24583320 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial and remineralizing dental composites and adhesives were recently developed to inhibit biofilm acids and combat secondary caries. It is not clear what effect these materials will have on dental pulps in vivo. The objectives of this study were to investigate the antibacterial and remineralizing restorations in a rat tooth cavity model, and determine pulpal inflammatory response and tertiary dentin formation. Nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and antibacterial dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) were synthesized and incorporated into a composite and an adhesive. Occlusal cavities were prepared in the first molars of rats and restored with four types of restoration: control composite and adhesive; control plus DMADDM; control plus NACP; and control plus both DMADDM and NACP. At 8 or 30days, rat molars were harvested for histological analysis. For inflammatory cell response, regardless of time periods, the NACP group and the DMADDM+NACP group showed lower scores (better biocompatibility) than the control group (p=0.014 for 8days, p=0.018 for 30days). For tissue disorganization, NACP and DMADDM+NACP had better scores than the control (p=0.027) at 30days. At 8days, restorations containing NACP had a tertiary dentin thickness (TDT) that was five- to six-fold that of the control. At 30days, restorations containing NACP had a TDT that was four- to six-fold that of the control. In conclusion, novel antibacterial and remineralizing restorations were tested in rat teeth in vivo for the first time. Composite and adhesive containing NACP and DMADDM exhibited milder pulpal inflammation and much greater tertiary dentin formation than the control adhesive and composite. Therefore, the novel composite and adhesive containing NACP and DMADDM are promising as a new therapeutic restorative system to not only combat oral pathogens and biofilm acids as shown previously, but also facilitate the healing of the dentin-pulp complex.
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Effect of charge density of bonding agent containing a new quaternary ammonium methacrylate on antibacterial and bonding properties. Dent Mater 2014; 30:433-41. [PMID: 24534376 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quaternary amine charge density is important because when the negatively charged bacteria contact the positive quaternary amine charge, the electric balance is disturbed and the bacterium could be disrupted. There has been no report on the effects of charge density on the antibacterial efficacy of dental bonding agents. The objective of this study was to synthesize a new quaternary ammonium methacrylate, and investigate the effects of charge density of bonding agent on bacteria early-attachment, biofilm colony-forming units (CFU) and dentin bond strength. METHODS Dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) with an alkyl chain length of 16 was synthesized and mixed into Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive and primer (SBMP) at mass fractions of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. A microtensile dentin bond test was performed. The density of quaternary ammonium groups was measured using a fluorescein dye method. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) early-attachment was examined at 4 h, and biofilm colony-forming units (CFU) were measured at 2 days. RESULTS All groups had similar microtensile bonding strengths (mean±sd; n=40) of about 60 MPa (p>0.1). Quaternary amine charge density of bonding agents monotonically increased with increasing DMAHDM mass fraction. Bacteria early-attachment coverage greatly decreased with increasing DMAHDM content in the resin. Biofilm CFU at 10% DMAHDM was reduced by more than 4 log, compared to SBMP control. Charge density of bonding agent was inversely proportional to bacteria early-attachment coverage and biofilm CFU. SIGNIFICANCE Increasing the quaternary amine charge density of dentin bonding agent resin was shown to greatly reduce S. mutans attachment and decrease biofilm CFU by four orders of magnitude, without compromising the dentin bond strength. The new DMAHDM is promising for use in bonding agents and other antibacterial restorative materials to inhibit caries.
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Delaviz Y, Finer Y, Santerre JP. Biodegradation of resin composites and adhesives by oral bacteria and saliva: A rationale for new material designs that consider the clinical environment and treatment challenges. Dent Mater 2014; 30:16-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.08.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Li F, Weir MD, Fouad AF, Xu HHK. Effect of salivary pellicle on antibacterial activity of novel antibacterial dental adhesives using a dental plaque microcosm biofilm model. Dent Mater 2013; 30:182-91. [PMID: 24332270 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antibacterial primer and adhesive are promising to inhibit biofilms and caries. Since restorations in vivo are exposed to saliva, one concern is the attenuation of antibacterial activity due to salivary pellicles. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salivary pellicles on bonding agents containing a new monomer dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) or nanoparticles of silver (NAg) against biofilms for the first time. METHODS DMADDM and NAg were synthesized and incorporated into Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive and primer. Specimens were either coated or not coated with salivary pellicles. A microcosm biofilm model was used with mixed saliva from ten donors. Two types of culture medium were used: an artificial saliva medium (McBain), and Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium without salivary proteins. Metabolic activity, colony-forming units (CFU), and lactic acid production of plaque microcosm biofilms were measured (n=6). RESULTS Bonding agents containing DMADDM and NAg greatly inhibited biofilm activities, even with salivary pellicles. When using BHI, the pre-coating of salivary pellicles on resin surfaces significantly decreased the antibacterial effect (p<0.05). When using artificial saliva medium, pre-coating of salivary pellicles on resin did not decrease the antibacterial effect. These results suggest that artificial saliva yielded medium-derived pellicles on resin surfaces, which provided attenuating effects on biofilms similar to salivary pellicles. Compared with the commercial control, the DMADDM-containing bonding agent reduced biofilm CFU by about two orders of magnitude. SIGNIFICANCE Novel DMADDM- and NAg-containing bonding agents substantially reduced biofilm growth even with salivary pellicle coating on surfaces, indicating a promising usage in saliva-rich environment. DMADDM and NAg may be useful in a wide range of primers, adhesives and other restoratives to achieve antibacterial and anti-caries capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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Zhou H, Li F, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Dental plaque microcosm response to bonding agents containing quaternary ammonium methacrylates with different chain lengths and charge densities. J Dent 2013; 41:1122-31. [PMID: 23948394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antibacterial bonding agents are promising to combat bacteria and caries at tooth-restoration margins. The objectives of this study were to incorporate new quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) to bonding agent and determine the effects of alkyl chain length (CL) and quaternary amine charge density on dental plaque microcosm bacteria response for the first time. METHODS Six QAMs were synthesized with CL=3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18. Each QAM was incorporated into Scotchbond multi-purpose (SBMP). To determine the charge density effect, dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM, CL=16) was mixed into SBMP at mass fraction=0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%. Charge density was measured using a fluorescein dye method. Dental plaque microcosm using saliva from ten donors was tested. Bacteria were inoculated on resins. Early-attachment was tested at 4h. Biofilm colony-forming units (CFU) were measured at 2 days. RESULTS Incorporating QAMs into SBMP reduced bacteria early-attachment. Microcosm biofilm CFU for CL=16 was 4 log lower than SBMP control. Charge density of bonding agent increased with DMAHDM content. Bacteria early-attachment decreased with increasing charge density. Biofilm CFU at 10% DMAHDM was reduced by 4 log. The killing effect was similarly-strong against total microorganisms, total streptococci, and mutans streptococci. CONCLUSIONS Increasing alkyl chain length and charge density of bonding agent was shown for the first time to decrease microcosm bacteria attachment and reduce biofilm CFU by 4 orders of magnitude. Novel antibacterial resins with tailored chain length and charge density are promising for wide applications in bonding, cements, sealants and composites to inhibit biofilms and caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Li F, Weir MD, Fouad AF, Xu HHK. Time-kill behaviour against eight bacterial species and cytotoxicity of antibacterial monomers. J Dent 2013; 41:881-91. [PMID: 23876930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the antibacterial activity of two antibacterial monomers, dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) and dimethylammoniumethyl dimethacrylate (DMAEDM), against eight different species of oral pathogens for the first time; (2) the cytotoxicity of DMAEDM and DMADDM. METHODS DMAEDM and DMADDM were synthesized by reacting a tertiary amine group with an organo-halide. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against eight species of bacteria were tested. Time-kill determinations were performed to examine the bactericidal kinetics. Cytotoxicity of monomers on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) was assessed using a methyl thiazolyltetrazolium assay and live/dead viability assay. RESULTS DMADDM showed strong bactericidal activity against all bacteria, with MIC of 1.2-9.8μg/mL. DMAEDM had MIC of 20-80mg/mL. Time-kill determinations indicated that DMADDM and DMAEDM had rapid killing effects against eight species of bacteria, and eliminated all bacteria in 30min at the concentration of 4-fold MBC. Median lethal concentration for DMADDM and DMAEDM was between 20 and 40μg/mL, which was 20-fold higher than 1-2μg/mL for BisGMA control. CONCLUSIONS DMAEDM and DMADDM were tested in time-kill assay against eight species of oral bacteria for the first time. Both were effective in bacteria-inhibition, but DMADDM had a higher potency than DMAEDM. Different killing efficacy was found against different bacteria species. DMAEDM and DMADDM had much lower cytotoxicity than BisGMA. Therefore, DMADDM and DMAEDM are promising for use in bonding agents and other restorative/preventive materials to combat a variety of oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Zhou C, Weir MD, Zhang K, Deng D, Cheng L, Xu HHK. Synthesis of new antibacterial quaternary ammonium monomer for incorporation into CaP nanocomposite. Dent Mater 2013; 29:859-70. [PMID: 23768794 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Composites are the principal material for tooth cavity restorations due to their esthetics and direct-filling capabilities. However, composites accumulate biofilms in vivo, and secondary caries due to biofilm acids is the main cause of restoration failure. The objectives of this study were to: (1) synthesize new antibacterial monomers and (2) develop nanocomposite containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and antibacterial monomer. METHODS Two new antibacterial monomers were synthesized: dimethylaminohexane methacrylate (DMAHM) with a carbon chain length of 6, and dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) with a chain length of 12. A spray-drying technique was used to make NACP. DMADDM was incorporated into NACP nanocomposite at mass fractions of 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25% and 3%. A flexural test was used to measure composite strength and elastic modulus. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model with human saliva as inoculum was used to measure viability, metabolic activity, and lactic acid production of biofilms on composites. RESULTS The new DMAHM was more potent than a previous quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM). DMADDM was much more strongly antibacterial than DMAHM. The new DMADDM-NACP nanocomposite had strength similar to that of composite control (p>0.1). At 3% DMADDM in the composite, the metabolic activity of adherent biofilms was reduced to 5% of that on composite control. Lactic acid production by biofilms on composite containing 3% DMADDM was reduced to only 1% of that on composite control. Biofilm colony-forming unit (CFU) counts on composite with 3% DMADDM were reduced by 2-3 orders of magnitude. SIGNIFICANCE New antibacterial monomers were synthesized, and the carbon chain length had a strong effect on antibacterial efficacy. The new DMADDM-NACP nanocomposite possessed potent anti-biofilm activity without compromising load-bearing properties, and is promising for antibacterial and remineralizing dental restorations to inhibit secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhou
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Zhang K, Cheng L, Wu EJ, Weir MD, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Effect of water-ageing on dentine bond strength and anti-biofilm activity of bonding agent containing new monomer dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate. J Dent 2013; 41:504-13. [PMID: 23583528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to develop bonding agent containing a new antibacterial monomer dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) as well as nanoparticles of silver (NAg) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and to investigate the effects of water-ageing for 6 months on dentine bond strength and anti-biofilm properties for the first time. METHODS Four bonding agents were tested: Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) Primer and Adhesive control; SBMP+5% DMADDM; SBMP+5% DMADDM+0.1% NAg; and SBMP+5% DMADDM+0.1% NAg with 20% NACP in adhesive. Specimens were water-aged for 1d and 6 months at 37°C. Then the dentine shear bond strengths were measured. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model was used to inoculate bacteria on water-aged specimens and to measure metabolic activity, colony-forming units (CFUs), and lactic acid production. RESULTS Dentine bond strength showed a 35% loss in 6 months of water-ageing for SBMP control (mean±sd; n=10); in contrast, the new antibacterial bonding agents showed no strength loss. The DMADDM-NAg-NACP containing bonding agent imparted a strong antibacterial effect by greatly reducing biofilm viability, metabolic activity and acid production. The biofilm CFU was reduced by more than two orders of magnitude, compared to SBMP control. Furthermore, the DMADDM-NAg-NACP bonding agent exhibited a long-term antibacterial performance, with no significant difference between 1d and 6 months (p>0.1). CONCLUSIONS Incorporating DMADDM-NAg-NACP in bonding agent yielded potent and long-lasting antibacterial properties, and much stronger bond strength after 6 months of water-ageing than a commercial control. The new antibacterial bonding agent is promising to inhibit biofilms and caries at the margins. The method of DMADDM-NAg-NACP incorporation may have a wide applicability to other adhesives, cements and composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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