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Alsaeed MA, Al-Ghaban NM. Chitosan Nanoparticle/Simvastatin for Experimental Maxillary Bony Defect Healing: A Histological and Histomorphometrical Study. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:363. [PMID: 37622968 PMCID: PMC10452510 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials such as chitosan and simvastatin (Sim) have been introduced to accelerate the extensive and multicellular biological process of bone healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone healing potential of chitosan and Sim, alone or combined. Forty-two male New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: chitosan nanoparticles (ChN), Sim and chitosan simvastatin nanoparticles (ChSimN). Two bony defects were created in the maxillary bone. The hole on the right side received one of the experimental materials, while the other side was assigned as the control and left to heal without any intervention. Bone specimens were collected at 2 and 4 weeks and then taken for histological and histomorphometrical analyses. The histological findings revealed that ChN possessed the highest number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts at weeks 2 and osteocytes after 4 weeks. There was a significant difference between the two healing periods regarding all bone parameters across all groups. ChN stood out as the only group that had a significant difference in the count of all bone cells between the two periods, thus having the best potential in promoting bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Alaa Alsaeed
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq;
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Niazi SA, Bakhsh A. Association between Endodontic Infection, Its Treatment and Systemic Health: A Narrative Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:931. [PMID: 35888650 PMCID: PMC9319780 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 'Focal Infection Era in Dentistry' in the late 19th and early 20th century resulted in widespread implementation of tooth extraction and limited the progress of endodontics. The theory proposed that bacteria and toxins entrapped in dentinal tubules could disseminate systemically to remote body parts, resulting in many types of degenerative systemic diseases. This theory was eventually refuted due to anecdotal evidence. However, lately there has been increased interest in investigating whether endodontic disease could have an impact on general health. There are reviews that have previously been carried out on this subject, but as new data have emerged since then, this review aims to appraise the available literature investigating the dynamic associations between apical periodontitis, endodontic treatment, and systemic health. The available evidence regarding focal infection theory, bacteraemia and inflammatory markers was appraised. The review also collated the available research arguing the associations of apical periodontitis with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, adverse pregnancy outcome and autoimmune disorders, along with the effect of statins and immunomodulators on apical periodontitis prevalence and endodontic treatment prognosis. There is emerging evidence that bacteraemia and low-grade systemic inflammation associated with apical periodontitis may negatively impact systemic health, e.g., development of cardiovascular diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and diabetic metabolic dyscontrol. However, there is limited information supporting the effect of diabetes mellitus or autoimmune disorders on the prevalence and prognosis post endodontic treatment. Furthermore, convincing evidence supports that successful root canal treatment has a beneficial impact on systemic health by reducing the inflammatory burden, thereby dismissing the misconceptions of focal infection theory. Although compelling evidence regarding the association between apical periodontitis and systemic health is present, further high-quality research is required to support and establish the benefits of endodontic treatment on systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ambreen Niazi
- Department of Endodontics, Centre of Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Dental Hospital, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Bakhsh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia;
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Sabandal MMI, Schäfer E, Petsching S, Jung S, Kleinheinz J, Sielker S. Pleiotropic effects on proliferation and mineralization of primary human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells induced by simvastatin. Open Biol 2022; 12:210337. [PMID: 35673853 PMCID: PMC9174717 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The circulating low-density lipoprotein concentration in blood can be reduced by the administration of statins. Frequently simvastatin (SV) is prescribed. Due to the reported pleiotropic effects of SV the aim of this study was to evaluate mineralization effects on human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells upon administration of SV. After informed consent human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells were obtained from tissue surplus of regular treatments of 14 individuals. According to established protocols after adding various SV concentrations (0.01 µM, 0.1 µM, 1.0 µM, 2.0 µM), alkaline phosphate (osteoblastic marker), mineralization capability and viability were determined at day 18, 21 and 28. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for statistical analysis. After adding SV a dose-dependent significant decreased viability and levels of alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.01) and a significantly increased mineralization (p < 0.01) of the primary cultures was recognized during the late mineralization stage. Mineralization of the human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells was induced by SV, possibly originated from alternative pathways than the alkaline phosphatase pathway. Further investigations should be performed regarding switching into the osteoblastic differentiation and as a possible source of cells that can be used as the basis for a potential bone graft substitute, which may allow an extension of the field of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mariano Isabelo Sabandal
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W30, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W30, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Petsching
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Jung
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Kleinheinz
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Sielker
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Braveboy-Wagner J, Sharoni Y, Lelkes PI. Nutraceuticals Synergistically Promote Osteogenesis in Cultured 7F2 Osteoblasts and Mitigate Inhibition of Differentiation and Maturation in Simulated Microgravity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:136. [PMID: 35008559 PMCID: PMC8745420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgravity is known to impact bone health, similar to mechanical unloading on Earth. In the absence of countermeasures, bone formation and mineral deposition are strongly inhibited in Space. There is an unmet need to identify nutritional countermeasures. Curcumin and carnosic acid are phytonutrients with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects and may exhibit osteogenic properties. Zinc is a trace element essential for bone formation. We hypothesized that these nutraceuticals could counteract the microgravity-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation and function. To test this hypothesis, we cultured 7F2 murine osteoblasts in simulated microgravity (SMG) in a Random Positioning Machine in the presence and absence of curcumin, carnosic acid, and zinc and evaluated cell proliferation, function, and differentiation. SMG enhanced cell proliferation in osteogenic medium. The nutraceuticals partially reversed the inhibitory effects of SMG on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and did not alter the SMG-induced reduction in the expression of osteogenic marker genes in osteogenic medium, while they promoted osteoblast proliferation and ALP activity in the absence of traditional osteogenic media. We further observed a synergistic effect of the intermix of the phytonutrients on ALP activity. Intermixes of phytonutrients may serve as convenient and effective nutritional countermeasures against bone loss in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Braveboy-Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Yoav Sharoni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Peter I. Lelkes
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
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Senamontree S, Lakthan T, Charoenpanich P, Chanchao C, Charoenpanich A. Betulinic acid decreases lipid accumulation in adipogenesis-induced human mesenchymal stem cells with upregulation of PGC-1α and UCP-1 and post-transcriptional downregulation of adiponectin and leptin secretion. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12321. [PMID: 34721992 PMCID: PMC8520689 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controlling cellular functions, including stem cell growth and differentiation, can be the key for the treatment of metabolic disorders, such as type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previously identified as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) antagonist, betulinic acid (BA) may have the capability to control stem cell homeostasis, benefiting T2DM treatment. In this study, the effects of BA on osteogenesis and adipogenesis mechanisms of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were investigated. Results We observed that BA increased hMSC osteogenesis by enhancing the alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and mRNA expressions of osteogenic markers, namely, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. In addition, BA decreased hMSC adipogenesis with the decrease in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, reduced intracellular lipid accumulations, down-regulated CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha, and suppressed post-transcriptional adiponectin and leptin secretion. BA increased the brown adipocyte characteristics with the increase in the ratio of small lipid droplets and glucose uptake. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of brown adipocyte markers, namely, PPARγ coactivator one alpha, uncoupling protein 1, and interleukin-6 increased. Conclusions Our results uncovered the mechanisms of how BA improved glucose and lipid metabolisms by decreasing white adipogenesis and increasing brown adipogenesis. Altogether, BA may be used for balancing glucose metabolisms without the potential side effects on bone loss or weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasithon Senamontree
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thitiporn Lakthan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pornsri Charoenpanich
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chanpen Chanchao
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adisri Charoenpanich
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Jin H, Ji Y, Cui Y, Xu L, Liu H, Wang J. Simvastatin-Incorporated Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2177-2191. [PMID: 33877804 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Local drug delivery systems composed of biomaterials and osteogenic substances provide promising strategies for the reconstruction of large bone defects. In recent years, simvastatin has been studied extensively for its pleiotropic effects other than lowering of cholesterol, including its ability to induce osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Accordingly, several studies of simvastatin incorporated drug delivery systems have been performed to demonstrate the feasibility of such systems in enhancing bone regeneration. Therefore, this review explores the molecular mechanisms by which simvastatin affects bone metabolism and angiogenesis. The simvastatin concentrations that promote osteogenic differentiation are analyzed. Furthermore, we summarize and discuss a variety of simvastatin-loaded drug delivery systems that use different loading methods and materials. Finally, current shortcomings of and future development directions for simvastatin-loaded drug delivery systems are summarized. This review provides various advanced design strategies for simvastatin-incorporated drug delivery systems that can enhance bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China.,Department of Pain, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Youbo Ji
- Department of Pain, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yutao Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Weihai Guanghua Hospital, Weihai 264200, P.R. China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
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Chen W, Zhu WQ, Qiu J. Impact of exogenous metal ions on peri-implant bone metabolism: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13152-13163. [PMID: 35423842 PMCID: PMC8697588 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of effective methods to promote the osseointegration of dental implants by surface modification is an area of intense research in dental materials science. Exogenous metal ions present in the implant and surface modifications are closely related to the bone metabolism around the implant. In the complex oral microenvironment, the release of metal ions caused by continuous corrosion of dental implants has an unfavorable impact on the surrounding tissue, and then affects osseointegration, leading to bad results such as loosening and falling off in the late stage of the implant. Besides, these ions can even be distributed in distant tissues and organs. Currently, surface modification techniques are being developed that involve different processing technologies including the introduction of exogenous metal ions with different properties onto the surface of implants to improve performance. However, most metal elements have some level of biological toxicity and can only be used within a safe concentration range to exert the optimum biological effects on recipients. In this paper, we review the adverse effects of metal ions on osseointegration and highlight the emerging applications for metal elements in improving the performance of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 PR China +86 25 69593085
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 PR China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 PR China +86 25 69593085
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 PR China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 PR China +86 25 69593085
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 PR China
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Meshkini A, Sistanipour E, Oveisi H, Asoodeh A. Induction of osteogenesis in bone tumour cells by purine-conjugated zinc-hydroxyapatite. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.20.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the biocompatibility and osteogenic property of hydroxyapatite (HAP). So HAP nanoparticles were doped with zinc (Zn), and their surface was modified with a purine nucleotide, guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP). GTP-loaded nanoparticles (GTP@ZnHAP) were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, zeta potential and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Biological experiments revealed that GTP@ZnHAP nanoparticles were internalised by the cells, inhibiting tumour cell (osteoblast-like cells, Saos-2) expansion with an efficiency more than that observed for ZnHAP nanoparticles and GTP alone. Furthermore, Saos-2 cells were committed to differentiate into the normal osteoblast cells under the influence of GTP@ZnHAP nanoparticles demonstrated by the quantitative assessment of bone-related protein expression (Runx2 and osteocalcin) and cell morphological changes. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography analyses disclosed a significant enhancement of intracellular GTP content in GTP@ZnHAP-treated cells, proposing perturbation of intracellular nucleotide equilibrium during the process of osteogenesis induced by GTP@ZnHAP nanoparticles. Overall, GTP@ZnHAP exhibits a better synergistic effect on the modulation of cell growth and induction of osteogenic differentiation in osteosarcoma cells than ZnHAP nanoparticles and GTP alone do. Therefore, GTP@ZnHAP may be regarded as a promising biomaterial for the treatment of bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Meshkini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Sistanipour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Oveisi
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Fan W, Duan M, Sun Q, Fan B. Simvastatin enhanced antimicrobial effect of Ag + against E. faecalis infection of dentine through PLGA co-delivery submicron particles. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:2331-2346. [PMID: 32880530 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1811188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is one of the dominant bacteria for refractory infections of teeth. Silver ions (Ag+) have been proved to be a strong bactericide but with high cytotoxicity and discoloration property. Simvastatin is an agent used for dyslipidemia treatment and has anti-inflammatory property. In this study, Ag+ and simvastatin were for the first time used in combination, and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) submicron particles carrying both Ag+ and simvastatin (AgS-PLGA) were fabricated for further investigations. Results confirmed the enhanced antibacterial activity against E. faecalis of Ag+ by simvastatin. AgS-PLGA could release both Ag+ and simvastatin for 24 days and also showed enhanced antibacterial activities. On dentin slices, AgS-PLGA could enter dentinal tubules by ultrasonic activation and inhibit the colonization of E. faecalis. AgS-PLGA showed no cytotoxicity on MC3T3-E1 cells and slight suppressive effect on RAW-264.7 cells, and could reduce the secretion of IL-6 and IL-1β of RAW-264.7 cells. AgS-PLGA could be developed as a new biomaterial for infection and inflammation control for dental and related medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Duan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Sabandal MMI, Schäfer E, Aed J, Jung S, Kleinheinz J, Sielker S. Simvastatin induces adverse effects on proliferation and mineralization of human primary osteoblasts. Head Face Med 2020; 16:18. [PMID: 32819403 PMCID: PMC7439668 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-020-00232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frequently statins were administered to reduce the LDL-concentration in circulating blood. Especially simvastatin (SV) is an often prescribed statin. Pleiotropic effects of these drugs were reported. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of SV on osteoblastic mineralization. Methods After informed consent primary osteoblasts were collected from tissue surplus after treatment of 14 individuals in the Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster. The cells were passaged according to established protocols. Viability, mineralization capability and osteoblastic marker (alkaline phosphatase) were determined at day 9, 13 and 16 after adding various SV concentrations (0.05 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, 1.0 μM). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis-test. Results The cell cultures showed a time and dose-dependent significantly decreased viability (p < 0.01) and a significantly increased mineralization (p < 0.01) in a late mineralization stage after adding SV. The typical alteration of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels during osteogenic differentiation was not recognizable. Conclusions The pleiotropic effects found for different SV concentrations were possibly originated from other mineralization pathways beside the ALP induced one. Additionally, possible alterations of protein expression levels during mineralization and investigation of possible deviating application of SV in other treatment fields can be considered after gaining a deeper insight in the affected mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mariano Isabelo Sabandal
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W30, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W30, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Aed
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W30, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Jung
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Kleinheinz
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Sielker
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Lian H, Wang H, Han Q, Wang C. Quantification of rhBMP2 in bioactive bone materials. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:71-75. [PMID: 32153993 PMCID: PMC7053258 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), belongs to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily except BMP-1. Implanting BMP into muscular tissues induces ectopic bone formation at the site of implantation, which provides opportunity for the treatment of bone defects. Recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) has been used clinically, but the lack of standard methods for quantifying rhBMP-2 biological activity greatly hindered the progress of commercialization. In this article, we describe an in vitro rhBMP-2 quantification method, as well as the data analyzation pipeline through logistic regression in RStudio. Previous studies indicated that alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of C2C12 cells was significantly increased when exposed to rhBMP-2, and showed dose-dependent effects in a certain concentration range of rhBMP-2. Thus, we chose to quantify ALP activity as an indicator of rhBMP-2 bioactivity in vitro. A sigmoid relationship between the ALP activity and concentration of rhBMP-2 was discovered. However, there are tons of regression models for such a non-linear relationship. It has always been a major concern for researchers to choose a proper model that not only fit data accurately, but also have parameters representing practical meanings. Therefore, to fit our rhBMP-2 quantification data, we applied two logistic regression models, three-parameter log-logistic model and four-parameter log-logistic model. The four-parameter log-logistic model (adj-R 2 > 0.98) fits better than three-parameter log-logistic model (adj-R 2 > 0.75) for the sigmoid curves. Overall, our results indicate rhBMP-2 quantification in vitro can be accomplished by detecting ALP activity and fitting four-parameter log-logistic model. Furthermore, we also provide a highly adaptable R script for any additional logistic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lian
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Medical Devices, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Han Wang
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Medical Devices, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Qianqian Han
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Medical Devices, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Chunren Wang
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Medical Devices, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
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Huang Y, Lin Y, Rong M, Liu W, He J, Zhou L. 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol and simvastatin synergistically enhance osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells and bone regeneration by initiation of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:87. [PMID: 31325047 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the significant roles of simvastatin (SVA) and oxysterols in the osteogenesis process. In this study, we evaluate the effect of a combination of SVA and 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol (20(S)OHC) on the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). After treatment with a control vehicle, SVA (0.025, 0.10, 0.25 or 1.0 μM), 20(S)OHC (5 μM), or a combination of both (0.25 μM SVA + 5 μM 20(S)OHC), the proliferation, apoptosis, ALP activity, mineralization, osteogenesis-related gene expression and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling activity in BMSCs were measured. Our results showed that high concentrations of SVA (0.25 and 1.0 μM) enhanced osteogenesis-related genes expression while attenuating cell viability. The addition of 5 μM 20(S)OHC induced significantly higher proliferative activity, which neutralized the inhibitory effect of SVA on the viability of BMSCs. Moreover, compared to supplementation with only one of the additives, combined supplementation with both SVA and 20(S)OHC induced significantly enhanced ALP activity, calcium sedimentation, osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, OCN and BMP-2) expression and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling activity in BMSCs; these enhancements were attenuated by treatment with the inhibitor U0126, indicating a significant role of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in mediating the synergistically enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by combined SVA and 20(S)OHC treatment. Additionally, histological examination confirmed a synergistic effect of SVA and 20(S)OHC on enhancing bone regeneration in a rabbit calvarial defect model. This newly developed SVA/20(S)OHC formulation may be used as an osteoinductive drug to enhance bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghe Huang
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 South Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
- The Department of Stomatology, Taishan People's Hospital, Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Taishan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Lin
- The Department of Stomatology, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Jieyang, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingdeng Rong
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 South Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 South Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbing He
- The Department of Stomatology, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Jieyang, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 South Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
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He W, Fan Y, Li X. [Recent research progress of bioactivity mechanism and application of bone repair materials]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:1107-1115. [PMID: 30129343 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201807039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Large bone defect repair is a difficult problem to be solved urgently in orthopaedic field, and the application of bone repair materials is a feasible method to solve this problem. Therefore, bone repair materials have been continuously developed, and have evolved from autogenous bone grafts, allograft bone grafts, and inert materials to highly active and multifunctional bone tissue engineering scaffold materials. In this paper, the related mechanism of bone repair materials, the application of bone repair materials, and the exploration of new bone repair materials are introduced to present the research status and advance of the bone repair materials, and the development direction is also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P.R.China;Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P.R.China
| | - Yubo Fan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P.R.China;Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083,
| | - Xiaoming Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P.R.China;Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083,
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14
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Al-Rasheed NM, Al-Rasheed NM, Bassiouni YA, Hasan IH, Al-Amin MA, Al-Ajmi HN, Mahmoud AM. Simvastatin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:290-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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15
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Zhou X, Chen J, Wang C, Wu L. Anti-inflammatory effects of Simvastatin in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage in an intensive care unit. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:6193-6200. [PMID: 29285177 PMCID: PMC5740808 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage is one of the most common types of cerebrovascular disease in humans and often causes paralysis, a vegetative state and even death. Patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage are frequently monitored in intensive care units (ICUs). Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with a higher rate of mortality and morbidity than other intracephalic diseases. The expression levels of inflammatory factors have important roles in inflammatory responses indicative of changes in a patient's condition and are therefore important in the monitoring and treatment of affected patients at the ICU as well as the development of therapeutic strategies for acute cerebral hemorrhage. The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Simvastatin in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage at an ICU, and inflammatory factors and cellular changes were systematically analyzed. The plasma concentrations of inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, were evaluated by ELISAs. The plasma concentrations of inflammatory cellular changes were detected by using flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that after Simvastatin treatment of patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage at the ICU, the plasma concentrations of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were downregulated compared with those in placebo-treated controls. In addition, Simvastatin treatment at the ICU decreased lymphocytes, granulocytes and mononuclear cells in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage. The levels of inflammatory factors were associated with brain edema in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage treated at the ICU. In addition, the amount of bleeding was reduced in parallel with the inflammatory cell plasma concentration of lymphocytes, granulocytes and mononuclear cells. Importantly, Simvastatin treatment produced beneficial outcomes by improving brain edema and reducing the amount of bleeding. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the efficacy of Simvastatin in treating acute intracerebral hemorrhage and evidenced the association between inflammatory responses and the progress of affected patients at the ICU, thereby providing insight for applying effective therapies for patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Jiafeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China.,Intensive Care Unit, People's Hospital of Changle County, Weifang, Shandong 262400, P.R. China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- Central Laboratory, People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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16
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Liu P, Zhao Y, Yuan Z, Ding H, Hu Y, Yang W, Cai K. Construction of Zn-incorporated multilayer films to promote osteoblasts growth and reduce bacterial adhesion. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:998-1005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Li K, Shen Q, Xie Y, You M, Huang L, Zheng X. Incorporation of cerium oxide into hydroxyapatite coating regulates osteogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cell and macrophage polarization. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:1062-1076. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328216682362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical coatings for orthopedic implants should facilitate osseointegration and mitigate implant-induced inflammatory reactions. Cerium oxide (CeO2) ceramics possess anti-oxidative properties and can be used to decrease mediators of inflammation, which makes them attractive for biomedical applications. In our work, two kinds of CeO2 incorporated hydroxyapatite coatings (HA-10Ce and HA-30Ce) were prepared via plasma spraying technique and the effects of CeO2 addition on the responses of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and RAW264.7 macrophages were investigated. An increase in CeO2 content in the HA coatings resulted in better osteogenic behaviors of BMSCs in terms of cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation. RT-PCR and western blot analysis suggested that the incorporation of CeO2 may promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the Smad-dependent BMP signaling pathway, which activated Runx2 expression and subsequently enhanced the expression of ALP and OCN. The expression profiles of macrophages cultured on the CeO2 modified coating revealed a tendency toward a M2 phenotype, because of an upregulation of M2 surface markers (CD163 and CD206), anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and osteoblastogenesis-related genes (BMP2 and TGF-β1) as well as a downregulation of M1 surface markers (CCR7 and CD11c), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1ra) and reactive oxygen species production. The results suggested the regulation of BMSCs behaviors and macrophage-mediated responses at the coating’s surface were associated with CeO2 incorporation. The incorporation of CeO2 in HA coatings can be a valuable strategy to promote osteogenic responses and reduce inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyi Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Youtao Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyu You
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebin Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China
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18
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Liu H, Li W, Liu C, Tan J, Wang H, Hai B, Cai H, Leng HJ, Liu ZJ, Song CL. Incorporating simvastatin/poloxamer 407 hydrogel into 3D-printed porous Ti
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V scaffolds for the promotion of angiogenesis, osseointegration and bone ingrowth. Biofabrication 2016; 8:045012. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/4/045012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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