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Karamanos TK, Tugarinov V, Clore GM. Determining methyl sidechain conformations in a CS-ROSETTA model using methyl 1H- 13C residual dipolar couplings. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2020; 74:111-118. [PMID: 31950428 PMCID: PMC7083688 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-019-00294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Modelling of protein structures based on backbone chemical shifts, using programs such as CS-ROSETTA, is becoming increasingly popular, especially for systems where few restraints are available or where homologous structures are already known. While the reliability of CS-ROSETTA calculations can be improved by incorporation of some additional backbone NMR data such as those afforded by residual dipolar couplings or minimal NOE data sets involving backbone amide protons, the sidechain conformations are largely modelled by statistical energy terms. Here, we present a simple method based on methyl residual dipolar couplings that can be used to determine the rotameric state of the threefold symmetry axis of methyl groups that occupy a single rotamer, determine rotameric distributions, and identify regions of high flexibility. The method is demonstrated for methyl side chains of a deletion variant of the human chaperone DNAJB6b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros K Karamanos
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0520, USA
| | - Vitali Tugarinov
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0520, USA.
| | - G Marius Clore
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0520, USA.
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2
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Kerfah R, Hamelin O, Boisbouvier J, Marion D. CH3-specific NMR assignment of alanine, isoleucine, leucine and valine methyl groups in high molecular weight proteins using a single sample. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2015; 63:389-402. [PMID: 26566791 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-015-9998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for the NMR assignment of aliphatic side-chains in large perdeuterated proteins is proposed. It involves an alternative isotopic labeling protocol, the use of an out-and-back (13)C-(13)C TOCSY experiment ((H)C-TOCSY-C-TOCSY-(C)H) and an optimized non-uniform sampling protocol. It has long been known that the non-linearity of an aliphatic spin-system (for example Ile, Val, or Leu) substantially compromises the efficiency of the TOCSY transfers. To permit the use of this efficient pulse scheme, a series of optimized precursors were designed to yield linear (13)C perdeuterated side-chains with a single protonated CH3 group in these three residues. These precursors were added to the culture medium for incorporation into expressed proteins. For Val and Leu residues, the topologically different spin-systems introduced for the pro-R and pro-S methyl groups enable stereospecific assignment. All CH3 can be simultaneously assigned on a single sample using a TOCSY experiment. It only requires the tuning of a mixing delay and is thus more versatile than the relayed COSY experiment. Enhanced resolution and sensi-tivity can be achieved by non-uniform sampling combined with the removal of the large JCC coupling by deconvolution prior to the processing by iterative soft thresholding. This strategy has been used on malate synthase G where a large percentage of the CH3 groups could be correlated directly up to the backbone Ca. It is anticipated that this robust combined strategy can be routinely applied to large proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rime Kerfah
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IBS, 38044, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, 38044, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, 38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Hamelin
- Chemistry and Biology of Metals Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, 38027, Grenoble, France
| | - Jérôme Boisbouvier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IBS, 38044, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, 38044, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, 38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique Marion
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IBS, 38044, Grenoble, France.
- CNRS, IBS, 38044, Grenoble, France.
- CEA, IBS, 38044, Grenoble, France.
- Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy Group, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 10090, 38044, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Chang CK, Hou MH, Chang CF, Hsiao CD, Huang TH. The SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein--forms and functions. Antiviral Res 2014; 103:39-50. [PMID: 24418573 PMCID: PMC7113676 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus N proteins share the same modular organization. Structures of SARS-CoV N protein provide insight into nucleocapsid formation. N protein binds to nucleic acid at multiple sites in a coupled-allostery manner. A RNP packaging model highlighting the importance of disorder and modularity is proposed.
The nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV N protein) packages the viral genome into a helical ribonucleocapsid (RNP) and plays a fundamental role during viral self-assembly. It is a protein with multifarious activities. In this article we will review our current understanding of the N protein structure and its interaction with nucleic acid. Highlights of the progresses include uncovering the modular organization, determining the structures of the structural domains, realizing the roles of protein disorder in protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid interactions, and visualizing the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) structure inside the virions. It was also demonstrated that N-protein binds to nucleic acid at multiple sites with a coupled-allostery manner. We propose a SARS-CoV RNP model that conforms to existing data and bears resemblance to the existing RNP structures of RNA viruses. The model highlights the critical role of modular organization and intrinsic disorder of the N protein in the formation and functions of the dynamic RNP capsid in RNA viruses. This paper forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on “From SARS to MERS: 10 years of research on highly pathogenic human coronaviruses.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-ke Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Hon Hou
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40254, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Fon Chang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chwan-Deng Hsiao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-huang Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC; The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC.
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Plevin MJ, Hamelin O, Boisbouvier J, Gans P. A simple biosynthetic method for stereospecific resonance assignment of prochiral methyl groups in proteins. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2011; 49:61-7. [PMID: 21286785 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-010-9463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A new method for stereospecific assignment of prochiral methyl groups in proteins is presented in which protein samples are produced using U-[(13)C]glucose and subsaturating amounts of 2-[(13)C]methyl-acetolactate. The resulting non-uniform labeling pattern allows proR and proS methyl groups to be easily distinguished by their different phases in a constant-time two-dimensional (1)H-(13)C correlation spectra. Protein samples are conveniently prepared using the same media composition as the main uniformly-labeled sample and contain higher levels of isotope-enrichment than fractional labeling approaches. This new strategy thus represents an economically-attractive, robust alternative for obtaining isotopically-encoded stereospecific NMR assignments of prochiral methyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Plevin
- CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, Grenoble, France.
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Kuszewski JJ, Thottungal RA, Clore GM, Schwieters CD. Automated error-tolerant macromolecular structure determination from multidimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectra and chemical shift assignments: improved robustness and performance of the PASD algorithm. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2008; 41:221-39. [PMID: 18668206 PMCID: PMC2575051 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-008-9255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report substantial improvements to the previously introduced automated NOE assignment and structure determination protocol known as PASD (Kuszewski et al. (2004) J Am Chem Soc 26:6258-6273). The improved protocol includes extensive analysis of input spectral data to create a low-resolution contact map of residues expected to be close in space. This map is used to obtain reasonable initial guesses of NOE assignment likelihoods which are refined during subsequent structure calculations. Information in the contact map about which residues are predicted to not be close in space is applied via conservative repulsive distance restraints which are used in early phases of the structure calculations. In comparison with the previous protocol, the new protocol requires significantly less computation time. We show results of running the new PASD protocol on six proteins and demonstrate that useful assignment and structural information is extracted on proteins of more than 220 residues. We show that useful assignment information can be obtained even in the case in which a unique structure cannot be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Kuszewski
- Imaging Sciences Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5624, USA
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John M, Schmitz C, Park AY, Dixon NE, Huber T, Otting G. Sequence-Specific and Stereospecific Assignment of Methyl Groups Using Paramagnetic Lanthanides. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13749-57. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0744753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael John
- Contribution from the Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christophe Schmitz
- Contribution from the Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ah Young Park
- Contribution from the Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas E. Dixon
- Contribution from the Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas Huber
- Contribution from the Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gottfried Otting
- Contribution from the Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Xue Y, Pavlova MS, Ryabov YE, Reif B, Skrynnikov NR. Methyl rotation barriers in proteins from 2H relaxation data. Implications for protein structure. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:6827-38. [PMID: 17488010 DOI: 10.1021/ja0702061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Side-chain 2H and backbone 15N relaxation data have been collected at multiple temperatures in the samples of the SH3 domain from alpha-spectrin. Combined analyses of the data allowed for determination of the temperature-dependent correlation times tauf characterizing fast methyl motion. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that tauf are dominated by methyl rotation; the corresponding activation energies approximate methyl rotation barriers. For 33 methyl groups in the alpha-spectrin SH3 domain the average barrier height was thus determined to be 2.8 +/- 0.9 kcal/mol. This value is deemed representative of the "fluid" hydrophobic protein core where some barriers are increased and others are lowered because of the contacts with surrounding atoms, but there is no local order that could produce systematically higher (lower) barriers. For comparison, the MD simulation predicts the average barrier of 3.1 kcal/mol (calculated via the potential of mean force) or 3.4-3.5 kcal/mol (rigid barriers after appropriate averaging over multiple MD snapshots). The latter result prompted us to investigate rigid methyl rotation barriers in a series of NMR structures from the Protein Databank. In most cases the barriers proved to be higher than expected, 4-6 kcal/mol. To a certain degree, this is caused by tight packing of the side chains in the NMR structures and stems from the structure calculation procedure where the coordinates are first annealed toward the temperature of 0 K and then subjected to energy minimization. In several cases the barriers >10 kcal/mol are indicative of van der Waals violations. The notable exceptions are (i) the structures solved using the GROMOS force field where tight methyl packing is avoided (3.0-3.6 kcal/mol) and (ii) the structure solved by means of the dynamic ensemble refinement method (Lindorff-Larsen, K.; Best, R. B.; DePristo, M. A.; Dobson, C. M.; Vendruscolo, M. Nature 2005, 433, 128) (3.5 kcal/mol). These results demonstrate that methyl rotation barriers, derived from the experiments that are traditionally associated with studies of protein dynamics, can be also used in the context of structural work. This is particularly interesting in view of the recent efforts to incorporate dynamics data in the process of protein structure elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084, USA
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Tang C, Clore GM. A simple and reliable approach to docking protein-protein complexes from very sparse NOE-derived intermolecular distance restraints. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2006; 36:37-44. [PMID: 16967193 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-006-9065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple and reliable approach for docking protein-protein complexes from very sparse NOE-derived intermolecular distance restraints (as few as three from a single point) in combination with a novel representation for an attractive potential between mapped interaction surfaces is described. Unambiguous assignments of very sparse intermolecular NOEs are obtained using a reverse labeling strategy in which one the components is fully deuterated with the exception of selective protonation of the delta-methyl groups of isoleucine, while the other component is uniformly (13)C-labeled. This labeling strategy can be readily extended to selective protonation of Ala, Leu, Val or Met. The attractive potential is described by a 'reduced' radius of gyration potential applied specifically to a subset of interfacial residues (those with an accessible surface area > or = 50% in the free proteins) that have been delineated by chemical shift perturbation. Docking is achieved by rigid body minimization on the basis of a target function comprising the sparse NOE distance restraints, a van der Waals repulsion potential and the 'reduced' radius of gyration potential. The method is demonstrated for two protein-protein complexes (EIN-HPr and IIA(Glc)-HPr) from the bacterial phosphotransferase system. In both cases, starting from 100 different random orientations of the X-ray structures of the free proteins, 100% convergence is achieved to a single cluster (with near identical atomic positions) with an overall backbone accuracy of approximately 2 A. The approach described is not limited to NMR, since interfaces can also be mapped by alanine scanning mutagenesis, and sparse intermolecular distance restraints can be derived from double cycle mutagenesis, cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry, or fluorescence energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tang
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0520, USA
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Reif B, Xue Y, Agarwal V, Pavlova MS, Hologne M, Diehl A, Ryabov YE, Skrynnikov NR. Protein Side-Chain Dynamics Observed by Solution- and Solid-State NMR: Comparative Analysis of Methyl 2H Relaxation Data. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:12354-5. [PMID: 16984151 DOI: 10.1021/ja062808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in solid-state MAS NMR made it possible to probe protein dynamics on a per-residue basis, similar to solution experiments. In this work we compare methyl 2H relaxation rates measured in the solid and liquid samples of alpha-spectrin SH3 domain. The solution data are treated using a model-free approach to separate the contributions from the overall molecular tumbling and fast internal motion. The latter part forms the basis for comparison with the solid-state data. Although the accuracy of solid-state measurements is limited by deuterium spin diffusion, the results suggest a significant similarity between methyl dynamics in the two samples. This is a potentially important observation, preparing the ground for combined analysis of the dynamics data by solid- and solution-state NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Reif
- Forschunginstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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