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Phipps D, Green WT, Aho R, Kettunen E, Biddle S, Hamilton K, Laukkanen A, Aunola K, Chan DK, Hankonen N, Hassandra M, Kärkkäinen T, Kykyri VL, Polet J, Rhodes R, Ruiz MC, Sääkslahti A, Schneider J, Toivonen HM, Lintunen T, Hagger M, Knittle K. A Web-Based Physical Activity Promotion Intervention for Inactive Parent-Child Dyads: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e55960. [PMID: 38512336 PMCID: PMC10995784 DOI: 10.2196/55960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of physical activity are associated with numerous adverse health outcomes, yet sedentary lifestyles are common among both children and adults. Physical activity levels tend to decline steeply among children aged between 8 and 12 years, even though children's behavioral patterns are largely governed by familial structures. Similarly, parents' activity levels have been generally reported as lower than those of nonparents of comparable age. For this reason, family-based physical activity promotion interventions are a potentially valuable and relatively underresearched method for mitigating physical activity declines as children develop into adolescents and for increasing physical activity in parents. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of a novel theory-based web-based physical activity promotion intervention among parent-child dyads in Finland who do not meet physical activity recommendations at baseline. METHODS Participants (target N=254) will be recruited from the general population using a panel company and advertisements on social media and randomly assigned to either an immediate intervention group or a waitlist control group. The intervention consists of 4 web-based group workshops over the course of 10 weeks, web-based tasks and resources, and a social support chat group. Data on physical activity behavior and constructs from the integrated behavior change model will be collected through self-report surveys assessing physical activity, autonomy support, autonomous motivation, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, self-monitoring, habit, and accelerometer measurements at baseline, post intervention, and 3 months post intervention. Exit interviews with participants will assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention procedures. RESULTS This study will reveal whether the intervention changes leisure-time physical activity among intervention participants relative to the control group and will examine the intervention's effects on important theoretical predictors of physical activity. It will also yield data that can be used to refine intervention materials and inform further implementation. Trial recruitment commenced in September 2023, and data collection should be completed by December 2024. CONCLUSIONS The planned intervention has potential implications for both theory and practice. Practically, the use of an entirely web-based intervention may have scalable future uses for improving physical activity in 2 key populations, while also potentially informing on the value of dyadic, family-based strategies for encouraging an active lifestyle as an alternative to strategies that target either parents or children independently. Further, by assessing change in psychological constructs alongside potential change in behavior, the intervention also allows for important tests of theory regarding which constructs are most linked to favorable behavior change outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06070038; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06070038. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/55960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Phipps
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Weldon Thomas Green
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Reetta Aho
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eeva Kettunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Stuart Biddle
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Arto Laukkanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kaisa Aunola
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Derwin King Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Nelli Hankonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mary Hassandra
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Tommi Kärkkäinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Juho Polet
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centre of Excellence in Learning Dynamics and Intervention Research (InterLearn), University of Jyväskylä and University of Turku, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ryan Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Montse C Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arja Sääkslahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jekaterina Schneider
- Centre for Appearance Research, School of Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna-Mari Toivonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taru Lintunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Martin Hagger
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Keegan Knittle
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Weaver RG, Armstrong B, Adams E, Beets MW, White J, Flory K, Wilson D, McLain A, Tennie B. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of structured programming and a parent intervention to mitigate accelerated summer BMI gain: a pilot study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:83. [PMID: 37189190 PMCID: PMC10184061 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the initial feasibility and preliminary efficacy of providing children a free summer day camp and a parent intervention to improve self-regulation and mitigate accelerated summer BMI gain. METHODS This pilot 2x2 factorial randomized control trial used a mixed-methods design to evaluate providing children a free summer day camp (SCV), a parent intervention (PI), and the combination of these two strategies (SCV+PI) to mitigate accelerated summer body mass index (BMI) gain. Progression criteria for feasibility and efficacy were assessed to determine if a full-scale trial was warranted. Feasibility criteria included recruitment capability (≥80 participants recruited) retention (≥70% participants retained), compliance (≥80% of participants attending the summer program with children attending ≥60% of program days, and ≥80% of participants completing goal setting calls with ≥60% of weeks syncing their child's Fitbit), and treatment fidelity (≥80% of summer program days delivered for ≥9 h/day, and ≥80% of participant texts delivered). Efficacy criteria were assessed via achieving a clinically meaningful impact on zBMI (i.e., ≥0.15). Changes in BMI were estimated using intent-to-treat and post hoc dose-response analyses via multilevel mixed-effects regressions. RESULTS For recruitment, capability and retention progression criteria were met with a total of 89 families participating and 24 participants randomized to the PI group, 21 randomized to the SCV group, 23 randomized to the SCV+PI group, and 21 randomized to the control. However, fidelity and compliance progression criteria were not achieved due to COVID-19 and lack of transportation. Progression criteria for efficacy was also not achieved as intent-to-treat analyses did not show changes in BMI gain that were clinically meaningful. Post hoc dose-response analyses showed that for each day (0 to 29) of summer programming children attended they gained -0.009 (95CI= -0.018, -0.001) less in BMI z score. CONCLUSIONS Engagement in both the SCV and PI was not ideal due to COVID-19 and lack of transportation. Providing children with structured summer programming to mitigate accelerated summer BMI gain may be an effective strategy. However, because feasibility and efficacy progression criteria were not met, a larger trial is not warranted until further pilot work is completed to ensure children attend the programming. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial reported herein was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial #: NCT04608188.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, room 130, Columbia, SC, 29205, USA.
| | - B Armstrong
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, room 130, Columbia, SC, 29205, USA
| | - E Adams
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, room 130, Columbia, SC, 29205, USA
| | - M W Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, room 130, Columbia, SC, 29205, USA
| | - J White
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, room 130, Columbia, SC, 29205, USA
| | - K Flory
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - D Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - A McLain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - B Tennie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
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Ortega A, Bejarano CM, Cushing CC, Staggs VS, Papa AE, Steel C, Shook RP, Conway TL, Saelens BE, Glanz K, Cain KL, Frank LD, Kerr J, Schipperijn J, Sallis JF, Carlson JA. Location-specific psychosocial and environmental correlates of physical activity and sedentary time in young adolescents: preliminary evidence for location-specific approaches from a cross-sectional observational study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:108. [PMID: 36028885 PMCID: PMC9419353 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of the extent to which psychosocial and environmental correlates of physical activity are specific to locations would inform intervention optimization. PURPOSE To investigate cross-sectional associations of location-general and location-specific variables with physical activity and sedentary time in three common locations adolescents spend time. METHODS Adolescents (N = 472,Mage = 14.1,SD = 1.5) wore an accelerometer and global positioning systems (GPS) tracker and self-reported on psychosocial (e.g., self-efficacy) and environmental (e.g., equipment) factors relevant to physical activity and sedentary time. We categorized each survey item based on whether it was specific to a location to generate psychosocial and environmental indices that were location-general or specific to either school, non-school, or home location. Physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were based on time/location match to home, school, or all "other" locations. Mixed-effects models investigated the relation of each index with location-specific activity. RESULTS The location-general and non-school physical activity psychosocial indices were related to greater MVPA at school and "other" locations. The school physical activity environment index was related to greater MVPA and less sedentary time at school. The home activity environment index was related to greater MVPA at home. The non-school sedentary psychosocial index was related to less sedentary time at home. Interactions among indices revealed adolescents with low support on one index benefited (i.e., exhibited more optimal behavior) from high support on another index (e.g., higher scores on the location-general PA psychosocial index moderated lower scores on the home PA environment index). Concurrent high support on two indices did not provide additional benefit. CONCLUSIONS No psychosocial or environment indices, including location-general indices, were related to activity in all locations. Most of the location-specific indices were associated with activity in the matching location(s). These findings provide preliminary evidence that psychosocial and environmental correlates of activity are location specific. Future studies should further develop location-specific measures and evaluate these constructs and whether interventions may be optimized by targeting location-specific psychosocial and environmental variables across multiple locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ortega
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 2005 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy, Kansas, MO, USA.
| | - Carolina M Bejarano
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Christopher C Cushing
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 2005 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy, Kansas, MO, USA
- Schiefelbusch Institute for Lifespan Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Vincent S Staggs
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy, Kansas, MO, USA
- Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy, Kansas, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amy E Papa
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Chelsea Steel
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Robin P Shook
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy, Kansas, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Terry L Conway
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Brian E Saelens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington & Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karen Glanz
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelli L Cain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lawrence D Frank
- School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - James F Sallis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jordan A Carlson
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy, Kansas, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Brons A, Braam K, Broekema A, Timmerman A, Millenaar K, Engelbert R, Kröse B, Visser B. Translating Promoting Factors and Behavior Change Principles Into a Blended and Technology-Supported Intervention to Stimulate Physical Activity in Children With Asthma (Foxfit): Design Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e34121. [PMID: 35877162 PMCID: PMC9361148 DOI: 10.2196/34121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with asthma can decrease the impact of their disease by improving their physical activity (PA). However, health care providers lack interventions for children with asthma that effectively increase their PA levels and achieve behavior change. A technology-supported approach can positively influence PA and physical functioning in children. Objective The aims of this study were to develop a technology-supported intervention that facilitates health care providers in promoting PA for children (aged 8 to 12 years) with asthma and to systematically describe this developmental process. Methods Intervention mapping (IM) was applied to develop a blended and technology-supported intervention in cocreation with children with asthma, their parents, and health care providers. In accordance with the IM framework, the following steps were performed: conduct a needs assessment; define the intervention outcome, performance objectives, and change objectives; select theory-based intervention methods and strategies; create components of the intervention and conduct pilot tests; create an implementation plan; and create an evaluation plan. Results We developed the blended intervention Foxfit that consists of an app with a PA monitor for children (aged 8 to 12 years) with asthma and a web-based dashboard for their health care provider. The intervention focuses on PA in everyday life to improve social participation. Foxfit contains components based on behavior change principles and gamification, including goal setting, rewards, action planning, monitoring, shaping knowledge, a gamified story, personal coaching and feedback, and a tailored approach. An evaluation plan was created to assess the intervention’s usability and feasibility for both children and health care providers. Conclusions The IM framework was very useful for systematically developing a technology-supported intervention and for describing the translational process from scientific evidence, the needs and wishes of future users, and behavior change principles into this intervention. This has led to the technology-supported intervention Foxfit that facilitates health care providers in promoting PA in children with asthma. The structured description of the development process and functional components shows the way behavior change techniques are incorporated in the intervention. Trial Registration International Clinical Trial Registry Platform NTR6658; https://tinyurl.com/3rxejksf
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Brons
- Digital Life Center, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Katja Braam
- Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, University of Applied Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Haarlem, Netherlands
| | - Aline Broekema
- Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, University of Applied Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Karel Millenaar
- Play and Civid Media, University of Applied Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raoul Engelbert
- Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, University of Applied Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben Kröse
- Digital Life Center, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Computer Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart Visser
- Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, University of Applied Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Kim Y, Kim J, Lee JM, Seo DC, Jung HC. Intergenerational Taekwondo Program: A Narrative Review and Practical Intervention Proposal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095247. [PMID: 35564642 PMCID: PMC9101663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taekwondo is a modernized martial art that includes various combinations of hand and kicking techniques and core values of Taekwondo philosophy such as courtesy, mutual respect, and self-control. Physical inactivity is highly prevalent among older adults and is a major contributor to health-related problems. Intergenerational physical activity programs are used as an effective tool to make a positive connection between generations and provide additional health benefits for both generations. This review study aimed to examine the theories of intergenerational physical activity programs and propose the Intergenerational Taekwondo Program (ITP). Various theories such as the transtheoretical model, contact theory, social capital theory, situated learning theory, human development theory, personality theory, and whole-person wellness model have been adopted in intergenerational physical activity programs. Our review suggests that to develop the Intergenerational Taekwondo Program, instructors should (1) establishing common goals, (2) understand differences in physical and mental abilities, and (3) offer incentives to encourage participants in physical activity programs. The proposed ITP program has the potential to not just provide unique inherent values and improving physical functions, but also to form generational connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseop Kim
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1025 E 7th Street #111, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (Y.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Junhyoung Kim
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1025 E 7th Street #111, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (Y.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1025 E 7th Street #111, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-2734; Fax: +82-31-204-8117
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Scott-Andrews KQ, Lane A, Rock S, Robinson LE. Considerations for a Social Media Physical Activity Program: Exploratory Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e26008. [PMID: 35156926 PMCID: PMC8887632 DOI: 10.2196/26008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media may be a powerful platform to combat parents' and children's low physical activity levels. OBJECTIVE This study surveyed parents' beliefs about physical activity in order to expand the extant literature concerning the interest in and the design of an effective and feasible social media physical activity (SMPA) program. METHODS Primary caregivers (n=250; 215 [86%] mothers, 164 [65.6%] White) of children aged 6-12 years completed an online questionnaire. Interest was examined through responses on the questionnaire; beliefs (ie, perceptions, knowledge, and support) about physical activity were examined using Spearman correlations; and to support the SMPA program design, researchers examined a combination of multiple-choice and free-response questions. For the free-response questions, the researchers performed open coding related to perceived benefits, barriers, and motivators. RESULTS Parent respondents (n=215, 86%) were interested in a SMPA program tailored for families. Regarding beliefs, parents exhibited a monotonic relationship between 2 questions related to perceptions of physical activity levels in their children (rs(250)=.310, P<.001), knowledge about physical activity and motor skills (rs(250)=.328, P<.001), and support of physical activity and motor skills (rs(250)=.385, P<.001). Parents perceived benefits of a SMPA program, highlighting family time and health. Barriers included time constraints, a lack of motivation, and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS Parents are interested in supporting healthy family behaviors using a SMPA program. An effective program should emphasize motor skill activities, be fun and family oriented, and incorporate incentives, goal setting, and advice and tips. SMPA also needs to address identified barriers, such as those regarding time and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annalise Lane
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sarah Rock
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Leah E Robinson
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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7
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Parent Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:132-147. [PMID: 35016157 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this review were to describe exercise interventions, facilitators, and barriers to physical activity for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. METHODS A systematic review of the literature, appraising the validity of each article with Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt's level of evidence, from different databases CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science between 2000 and 2020 was conducted. As the initial search revealed no articles on exercise interventions and only 2 articles with children with autism spectrum disorder, the aim was widened to all parents of children. RESULTS Forty-five articles were identified on barriers to physical activity including being the primary caregiving parent, perception of guilt and selfishness, and adhering to exercise programs they do as part of research, once research ends. Facilitators for physical activity including parents being more likely to exercise if they can bring their child with them and parents preferring exercise that is a lifelong habit, such as walking. CONCLUSIONS Due to the lack of research on parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, recommendations include development and testing of interventions for parents of children with this condition including family-based exercise interventions where children and parents have a choice to exercise together.
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Rhodes RE, Blanchard CM, Quinlan A, Symons Downs D, Warburton DER, Beauchamp MR. Couple-Based Physical Activity Planning for New Parents: A Randomized Trial. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:518-528. [PMID: 34226094 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The demands of parenthood may limit the pursuit of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), establish inactivity patterns into middle age, and lead to long-term poorer health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a couple-based planning skills intervention to support MVPA from baseline (~2 months after birth) up to 6 months later in first-time parents. STUDY DESIGN Randomized trial. PARTICIPANTS 264 parents (132 couples) at the 2-month point of parenting their first child. INTERVENTION Couples were randomized to either an education control (n=58 couples) or an education plus planning condition (n=74 couples). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES MVPA was assessed via accelerometry and self-report at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Health-related fitness (aerobic fitness, muscular strength, flexibility) and BMI tests were conducted at baseline and 6 months. Rolling recruitment was between 2014 and 2017. RESULTS The accelerometry results had large amounts of missing data that were not missing at random, so only self-reported MVPA was analyzed. Dyadic multilevel modeling conducted in 2020 showed that mothers' MVPA had a significant quadratic pattern over time that was similar for both conditions, and BMI decreased while strength and flexibility increased. Fathers did not have significant outcomes. Participants who were not meeting MVPA guidelines at baseline responded to the education plus planning condition with increased MVPA (father B=1.31, mother B=1.14, p<0.05) compared with those who initially met those guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Mothers may be more responsive than fathers to MVPA interventions in early parenthood. Already active parents likely have little to be gained from additional intervention. Future research is needed to effectively promote MVPA during fatherhood and identify novel ways to sustain PA past the early response to an intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02290808.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Chris M Blanchard
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alison Quinlan
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Danielle Symons Downs
- Department of Kinesiology, PennState College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PennState College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Darren E R Warburton
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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van Sluijs EMF, Brown HE, Coombes E, Hughes C, Jones AP, Morton KL, Guagliano JM. An online family-based self-monitoring and goal-setting intervention to improve children’s physical activity: the FRESH feasibility trial and three-arm pilot RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3310/phr09090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Family-based physical activity promotion presents a promising avenue for promoting whole-family physical activity, but high-quality research is lacking.
Objectives
To assess the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of FRESH (Families Reporting Every Step to Health), a child-led online family-based physical activity intervention; and to identify effective and resource-efficient family recruitment strategies.
Design
The project consisted of (1) a randomised feasibility trial, (2) a randomised controlled pilot trial and (3) a systematic review and Delphi study.
Setting
Norfolk/Suffolk counties, UK.
Participants
Families, recruited from schools, workplaces and community settings, were eligible to participate if one child aged 7–11 years and one adult responsible for their care provided written consent; all family members could participate.
Interventions
The FRESH intervention, guided by self-determination theory, targeted whole families and was delivered via an online platform. All family members received pedometers and were given website access to select family step challenges to ‘travel’ to target cities around the world, log steps, and track progress as they virtually globetrotted. Families were randomised to FRESH intervention, pedometer-only or control arm.
Main outcome measures
Physical (e.g. blood pressure), psychosocial (e.g. family functioning) and behavioural (e.g. device-measured family physical activity) measures were collected at baseline and at 8- and 52-week follow-up. A mixed-methods process evaluation assessed the acceptability of the intervention and evaluation.
Data sources review
Systematic search of four databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycINFO and SCOPUS).
Review methods
Articles were screened in duplicate, and data extraction was fully checked. Academic experts participated in the three-round Delphi study. Data were combined to identify effective and resource-efficient family recruitment strategies.
Inclusion criteria
Included generally healthy school-aged children and at least one adult; intervention attempted to change physical activity, sedentary behaviour, screen use, diet, or prevent overweight/obesity in multiple family members; presented relevant measure of effect in children and adults.
Results
The feasibility study (12 families, 32 participants; 100% retention at 8 weeks) demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of FRESH, but highlighted that adaptations were required. Of 41 families recruited in the pilot study (149 participants), 98% and 88% were retained at the 8-week and 52-week follow-up, respectively. More children in the FRESH arm self-reported doing more family physical activity, and they thought that FRESH was fun. There were no notable between-group differences in children’s outcomes. Change in moderate to vigorous physical activity at 8 weeks favoured FRESH intervention adults [vs. control: 9.4 minutes/week (95% confidence interval 0.4 to 18.4) vs. pedometer only: 15.3 (95% confidence interval 6.0 to 24.5)], and was stronger in fathers, but this was not maintained. In 49 included studies, apart from recruitment settings and strategies used (reported in 84% and 73% of the studies, respectively), recruitment details were scarce. School-based recruitment was predominant. The Delphi study identified a wide range of recruitment settings and strategies.
Limitations
Recruitment was the main limitation of the FRESH studies; generalisability of the proposed recruitment strategies may be limited.
Conclusions
This study has demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the FRESH intervention. However, we failed to recruit the target sample size and were unable to demonstrate a signal of effectiveness. Future research should employ a multifaceted recruitment approach.
Future work
Further refinements to intervention delivery and recruitment methods should be investigated.
Study registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN12789422 and PROSPERO CRD42019140042.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 9, No. 9. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther MF van Sluijs
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen E Brown
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Coombes
- Norwich Medical School and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Claire Hughes
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew P Jones
- Norwich Medical School and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Katie L Morton
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Justin M Guagliano
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Predicting the physical activity of new parents who participated in a physical activity intervention. Soc Sci Med 2021; 284:114221. [PMID: 34274708 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The demands of early parenthood may limit the pursuit of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA); thus, understanding the predictors of MVPA among this population could help build targeted intervention programs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of MVPA, in the form of constructs subsumed within the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and multi-process action control (M-PAC) framework, among new parents participating in in a couple-based PA promotion randomized trial across a six-month period in the first year after birth. METHODS In total, 264 participants (132 couples) at the two-month point of parenting their first child were enrolled in the trial through advertisements. MVPA, TPB, and M-PAC constructs were assessed via self-report at baseline, and six-week, three-month, and six-month after baseline time-periods. RESULTS Dyadic path modeling of the TPB showed that intention only predicted MVPA for mothers and PBC did not predict MVPA. Most of the sample had intentions to be physically active, although the extent to which intentions predicted subsequent MVPA was dependent on mothers and fathers reported strength of planning, habits, and exercise identity (M-PAC variables). Intention was subsequently predicted by affective attitude and PBC for mothers and fathers. CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeting affective attitude and perceived behavioral control may assist in improving MVPA intentions of new parents; yet, additional intervention strategies to increase planning, habit, and especially exercise identity seems warranted for many parents to close the gap between intention and PA. The findings highlight the complementary approach of intention formation and intention translation theories among new parents.
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Filanowski PM, Iannotti RJ, Camhi SM, Whiteley JA, Milliken LA. Physical Activity and Enjoyment in Parent-Child Dyads During Shared Physical Activity. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2021; 92:127-136. [PMID: 32083981 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1712316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare objectively-measured physical activity (PA) and enjoyment of five shared PAs in parent-child dyads. Method: Thirty-one parent-child dyads (mean±SD; age, parents: 38.0 ± 6.6 years, children: 5.9 ± 1.7 years) completed separate PA sessions, which included five standardized PAs (brisk walking, jumping games, dancing, body-weight exercises, and tag games) in random order for each dyad. Parent and child moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and accelerometer counts per minute (CPM) were measured using Actigraph GT9X activity monitors. The Visual Analog Scale was used to assess enjoyment of children and parents. Repeated measures ANOVAs and paired t-tests determined differences in PA within and between children and parents for the activities, respectively. Friedman Tests with post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests determined significant differences in enjoyment across the activities for children and parents and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared enjoyment between children and parents for each PA. Results: Jumping games resulted in the highest proportion of time spent in MVPA and highest overall CPM for children and parents (p < .05). Compared to parents, children spent proportionally more time in MVPA during jumping games, body-weight exercises, and tag games (all, p < .05). Tag games were the most enjoyable PA for children and parents (p < .05). Children enjoyed body-weight exercises more than parents (p < .05). Conclusions: Future indoor PA programs and research interventions that include parent-child dyads should consider implementing jumping games, body-weight exercises, and tag games during shared PA, which resulted in higher MVPA and enjoyment by both children and parents when compared to walking and dancing.
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Rhodes R, Quinlan A, Naylor PJ, Warburton DER, Blanchard CM. Predicting Family and Child Physical Activity across Six-Months of a Family-Based Intervention: An Application of Theory of Planned Behaviour, Planning and Habit. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1461-1471. [PMID: 33554750 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1877460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Family-based physical activity (PA) interventions have proven effective in modifying PA; yet, the underlying mechanisms are currently unclear. In this study, we follow-up upon prior trial data that showed changes to child moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) as a result of a family education+planning intervention compared to an education-only condition. We examined parents' perceived family PA frequency, family PA social cognitions, and family PA habit over 26 weeks between the two conditions. One hundred and two parents (of children aged 6 to 12 yrs), were recruited through advertisements and randomized to either the planning + education condition (n = 52) or an education-only condition (n = 50). Self-reported family PA, and measures of theory of planned behaviour, planning intention, and habit were completed by the contact parent at baseline, six-week, 13-week, and 26-week time-periods. The education+planning intervention increased planning intention (p <.01) and family PA (p =.06) compared to the© education-only group. The effect of condition on the putative mediators did not explain these changes (all 95% CIs crossed 0), and family PA was associated with child MVPA only at 13 weeks (p <.01). Intervention 20 assignment had a small indirect effect on family PA (favouring©the education+planning group) via Habit. Perceived behavioural©control and habit were consistent predictors of family PA (p <.05), but not PA intention or planning intention (p >.05). The planning+education intervention showed improved family PA and planning intention, yet null mediation results suggest that other variables from the family system (e.g., child motivation, other parent's motivation and plans) are likely needed to fully understand the intervention effects. The promotion of perceived behavioural control and habit to assist in family PA is recommended for future research in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Alison Quinlan
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Darren E R Warburton
- School of Kinesiology (Faculty of Education),Experimental Medicine Program (Faculty of Medicine), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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13
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Perdew M, Liu S, Rhodes R, Ball GDC, Mâsse LC, Hartrick T, Strange K, Naylor PJ. The Effectiveness of a Blended In-Person and Online Family-Based Childhood Obesity Management Program. Child Obes 2021; 17:58-67. [PMID: 33370164 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 10-week blended family-based childhood obesity management program, relative to a wait-list control, in improving child body mass index (BMI) z-scores, child lifestyle behaviors, parental support for healthy eating and physical activity, and self-regulation for healthy eating and physical activity support. Methods: This study was registered as a randomized wait-listed controlled trial; however, due to low recruitment and program delivery logistics, this study transitioned into a quasi-experimental design. Families with children 8-12 years of age with a BMI ≥85th percentile for age and sex were recruited (October 2018 to March 2019) in British Columbia, Canada. The intervention provided families 10 weeks of in-person and online support on improving lifestyle behaviors. Results: Children's BMI z-scores were not significantly changed. Intervention group significantly improved their days of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity relative to control (0.75 ± 1.5; p < 0.01; ηp2 = 0.15); however, child dietary behaviors were not significantly changed. Relative to control, intervention group showed significant improvements in parental support for healthy eating (0.13 ± 0.36; p < 0.05; ηp2 = 0.06) and physical activity (1.0 ± 1.6; p < 0.05; ηp2 = 0.09) and self-regulation for healthy eating (2.0 ± 3.5; p < 0.01; ηp2 = 0.11) and physical activity support (2.0 ± 3.2; p < 0.05; ηp2 = 0.28). Conclusions: Preliminary evidence showed that the intervention was not effective in improving child BMI z-scores, but it was effective in promoting children's physical activity and parents' support behaviors. A longer study period may be required to change BMI z-scores. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03643341.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Perdew
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sam Liu
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Geoff D C Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teresa Hartrick
- Childhood Obesity Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen Strange
- Childhood Obesity Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Grant SJ, Beauchamp MR, Blanchard CM, Carson V, Gardner B, Warburton DER, Rhodes RE. Parents and children active together: a randomized trial protocol examining motivational, regulatory, and habitual intervention approaches. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1436. [PMID: 32957959 PMCID: PMC7507646 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with many health benefits during childhood, and tracks into desirable PA patterns and health profiles in adulthood. Interventions designed to support these behaviours among young children are critical. Family-based interventions focusing on parent-child activities together (i.e., co-activity) among preschool-aged children are warranted. Targeting parental support practices can increase the frequency of co-activity, however interventions must move beyond merely building intention and planning skills for successful maintenance. Interventions designed to increase co-activity habit strength may facilitate the sustainability and thus impact child PA. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of three intervention conditions designed to increase child PA through co-activity: a standard education condition (information about benefits), a planning (action planning, coping planning) + education condition and a habit (context-dependent repetition from prompts and cues) + planning +education condition. METHODS/DESIGN A longitudinal three-arm parallel design randomized trial will compare three conditions over six months. Families are eligible if they have at least one child between 3y and 5y that is not meeting 60mins/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The primary outcome (child MVPA) is assessed via accelerometry at baseline, six weeks, three months and six months (primary endpoint). Intervention materials targeting co-activity are delivered post baseline assessment, with booster sessions at six weeks and three months. Parental co-activity habit, parent-child co-activity and other behavioural constructs are also assessed via questionnaire at all measurement occasions. As tertiary outcomes, parental PA is measured via accelerometry and co-activity is measured via a Bluetooth-enabled proximity feature. A total of 106 families have been recruited thus far from the Greater Victoria region. The study is ongoing with a minimum target of 150 families and an anticipated recruitment completion date of August 2022. DISCUSSION This protocol describes the implementation of a randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of a habit formation group compared with a planning group and an education only group to increase child PA through targeting parent-child co-activity. This information could prove useful in informing public health initiatives to promote PA among families with preschool-aged children. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov in February 2016, identifier NCT03055871 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina J Grant
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chris M Blanchard
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Room 205 Centre for Clinical Research, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1V7, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Soroka A, Godlewska A, Krzęcio-Nieczyporuk E, Kozioł P. Identification of motives and barriers to physical activity of polish young mothers. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:197. [PMID: 32917211 PMCID: PMC7488306 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to determine the level of physical activity of young mothers living in rural and urban areas and their free time budget. The article also aims to indicate motivating factors and barriers encountered during physical activity. METHODS A diagnostic survey method, including two survey IPAQ questionnaires - the long version and author's questionnaire, has been applied in the study. A representative sample consisted of 1064 young mothers who gave birth in 2017. Student T test and discriminate function analysis have been used in statistical analysis. RESULTS No significant difference appeared between young mothers from rural areas and urban areas in the level of physical activity. At the same time, the authors of the study identified several smaller differences when analyzing particular aspects of physical activity. Young mothers from rural areas more often declared their participation in physical activity to improve their physical condition and reduce pain complaints. On the other hand, young mothers from urban areas emphasized that physical activity helps them to strengthen self-confidence and improve their position in the family. In case of the main barriers to physical activity, both group of respondents pointed to the lack of money and interest in occasional events. CONCLUSIONS The main conclusion is that more efforts are needed is to strengthen family support and material status of young families. It is also important to eliminate infrastructure barriers, mostly in rural areas and raise awareness on the importance of health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Soroka
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, B. Prusa 14 st., 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Godlewska
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, B. Prusa 14 st., 08-110, Siedlce, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Krzęcio-Nieczyporuk
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, B. Prusa 14 st., 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Paulina Kozioł
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, B. Prusa 14 st., 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
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Medd ER, Beauchamp MR, Blanchard CM, Carson V, Gardner B, Warburton DE, Rhodes RE. Family-based habit intervention to promote parent support for child physical activity in Canada: protocol for a randomised trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033732. [PMID: 32295773 PMCID: PMC7200035 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regular physical activity (PA) participation has many important physical and psychological health benefits, managing and preventing over 25 chronic conditions. Being more physically active as a child is associated with being more active as an adult, but less than 10% of Canadian children are achieving the recommended PA guidelines of 60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous PA. Parental support is a predictor of child PA, but parent intention to support child PA does not always predict enacted support. Targeting factors that assist in the sustainability of parent support behaviour of child PA may have an impact on child PA. The purpose of this study is to evaluate an intervention designed to promote habit formation of parental support (HABIT, independent variable) on child PA (dependant variable) compared with a planning and education group (PLANNING) and an education only group (EDUCATION). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The three conditions will be compared using a 6-month longitudinal randomised trial. Eligible families have at least one child aged 6-12 years who is not meeting the 2011 Canadian PA Guidelines. Intervention materials are delivered at baseline, with check-in sessions at 6 weeks and 3 months. Child's moderate-to-vigorous PA, measured by accelerometry, is assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months as the primary outcome. At baseline and 6 months, children perform fitness testing. Parents and children complete questionnaires at all timepoints. So far, 123 families have been recruited from the Greater Victoria and surrounding area. Recruitment will be continuing through 2020 with a target of 240 families. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol has been approved by the University of Victoria Human Research Ethics Board (Victoria, Canada). Results will be shared at conferences as presentations and as published manuscripts. Study findings will be made available to interested participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03145688; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Medd
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris M Blanchard
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Er Warburton
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Bai P, Thornton A, Lester L, Schipperijn J, Trapp G, Boruff B, Ng M, Wenden E, Christian H. Nature Play and Fundamental Movement Skills Training Programs Improve Childcare Educator Supportive Physical Activity Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010223. [PMID: 31892276 PMCID: PMC6981668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Physical activity professional development programs for Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) educators are a viable strategy for improving preschool children’s physical activity behavior. This pilot intervention evaluated the effectiveness of ‘nature play’ and ‘fundamental movement skills’ (FMS) professional development programs on ECEC educators’ practices on physical activity. Methods: 148 ECEC educators from 20 ECEC centers took part in either the Nature play or FMS professional development programs in Perth, Western Australia. Educators self-reported their physical activity related practices at baseline and three months post-professional development training, using established items. Wilcoxon’s test and adjusted models using Mann–Whitney U tests were run at the individual educator level to examine the change between baseline and post-professional development educator physical activity behavior. Results: Educators’ self-efficacy to engage children to be active significantly increased in both the Nature play and FMS professional development programs (p < 0.05). In the Nature play professional development program, ECEC educators’ perceived time set aside for children to participate in nature-based play increased by 9.2%, and their perceived behavioral control for supporting general and nature-based play activities for preschool children increased by 5% and 10.3%, respectively (p < 0.05). However, these results were no longer significant after adjusting for educator socio-demographics. Conclusion: Both the Nature play and FMS professional development programs were effective in improving educators’ self-efficacy to engage children to be active in Nature play or FMS activities. Larger pragmatic trials are required to confirm the impact of these professional development programs on educator perceived physical activity behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulan Bai
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; (G.T.); (E.W.); (H.C.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ashleigh Thornton
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; (A.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Leanne Lester
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; (A.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Gina Trapp
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; (G.T.); (E.W.); (H.C.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
| | - Bryan Boruff
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
| | - Michelle Ng
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
| | - Elizabeth Wenden
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; (G.T.); (E.W.); (H.C.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
| | - Hayley Christian
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; (G.T.); (E.W.); (H.C.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
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Predicting personal physical activity of parents during participation in a family intervention targeting their children. J Behav Med 2019; 43:209-224. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-019-00116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Guagliano JM, Brown HE, Coombes E, Haines ES, Hughes C, Jones AP, Morton KL, van Sluijs E. Whole family-based physical activity promotion intervention: the Families Reporting Every Step to Health pilot randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030902. [PMID: 31662381 PMCID: PMC6830702 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Family-based physical activity (PA) interventions present a promising avenue to promote children's activity; however, high-quality experimental research is lacking. This paper describes the protocol for the FRESH (Families Reporting Every Step to Health) pilot trial, a child-led family-based PA intervention delivered online. METHODS AND ANALYSIS FRESH is a three-armed, parallel-group, randomised controlled pilot trial using a 1:1:1 allocation ratio with follow-up assessments at 8 and 52 weeks postbaseline. Families will be eligible if a minimum of one child in school Years 3-6 (aged 7-11 years) and at least one adult responsible for that child are willing to participate. Family members can take part in the intervention irrespective of their participation in the accompanying evaluation and vice versa.Following baseline assessment, families will be randomly allocated to one of three arms: (1) FRESH; (2) pedometer-only or (3) no-intervention control. All family members in the pedometer-only and FRESH arms receive pedometers and generic PA promotion information. FRESH families additionally receive access to the intervention website; allowing participants to select step challenges to 'travel' to target cities around the world, log steps and track progress as they virtually globetrot. Control families will receive no treatment. All family members will be eligible to participate in the evaluation with two follow-ups (8 and 52 weeks). Physical (eg, fitness and blood pressure), psychosocial (eg, social support) and behavioural (eg, objectively measured family PA) measures will be collected at each time point. At 8-week follow-up, a mixed methods process evaluation will be conducted (questionnaires and family focus groups) assessing acceptability of the intervention and evaluation. FRESH families' website engagement will also be explored. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee for the School of the Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Cambridge. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conferences and to participating families. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN12789422.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Guagliano
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Elizabeth Brown
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Coombes
- Norwich Medical School and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Haines
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Hughes
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew P Jones
- Norwich Medical School and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Katie L Morton
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Family Physical Activity Planning and Child Physical Activity Outcomes: A Randomized Trial. Am J Prev Med 2019; 57:135-144. [PMID: 31248744 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and high physical fitness are extremely important to the health of children and track to positive health profiles in adulthood. Family-based interventions to improve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity are essential given that children live within a structure of parental influence. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a parent planning skills intervention to support child physical activity on the subsequent moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (primary outcome) and fitness of their children across 26 weeks (primary endpoint). STUDY DESIGN Two-arm randomized trial with physical activity assessment at baseline 6 weeks, 13 weeks, and 26 weeks and fitness and BMI tests at baseline and 26 weeks from 2012 and 2017. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS One hundred and two children (aged 6-12 years) who were below international physical activity recommendations at baseline were recruited through advertisements. INTERVENTION Participants received a planning plus education intervention (n=52) or an education-only intervention (n=50). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was assessed via accelerometry and fitness tests included aerobic fitness, muscular strength, flexibility. BMI was calculated by objectively assessed height and weight. RESULTS Generalized linear mixed modeling conducted in 2019 showed that the patterns varied by condition over time (β=-0.05, p<0.05), where children in the planning intervention significantly increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared with the education condition at 6 weeks and 13 weeks but not at 26 weeks. Aerobic fitness (p=0.04, d=0.26) was the only significant health-related physical fitness change between the two groups and favored the planning group over the education group. CONCLUSIONS There was initial efficacy of the planning intervention, but effectiveness waned by 26 weeks. These changes appeared to be sufficient for modest changes in aerobic fitness. Future research should aim to improve the maintenance of these early positive changes and assist parents in planning for activities that also include opportunities to improve child musculoskeletal fitness. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01882192.
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Husband CJ, Wharf-Higgins J, Rhodes RE. A feasibility randomized trial of an identity-based physical activity intervention among university students. Health Psychol Behav Med 2019; 7:128-146. [PMID: 34040843 PMCID: PMC8114372 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2019.1600407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise identity has considerable evidence as a correlate of physical activity (PA), but almost no research has focused on intervention. Theory suggests identity may be formed through indirect means of motivated behaviour change over time or through direct targeting of identity related antecedents. Using a parallel, single blind design, the purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility (recruitment, retention, and satisfaction) of these two types of interventions (indirect, direct) to increase exercise identity and subsequent PA. METHODS Participants between the ages of 18-25 who were not meeting PA guidelines were recruited from the University of Victoria, and randomized at a 1:1 ratio to an indirect or direct intervention group. The indirect intervention group received information on the benefits of PA and behaviour change techniques such as planning. The direct intervention group received the same information, with the addition of identity-specific information. Intervention materials were delivered bi-weekly for 6 weeks. Feasibility and participant satisfaction at the study end-point were assessed using mixed methods, and both PA change and exercise identity change were assessed via self-report. RESULTS Twenty participants were randomized to the direct or indirect intervention group (10 each), with 18 participants completing full study protocol. The recruitment rate was 26% and retention was 90%. Mean scores from the satisfaction survey (five-point scale) were high for both groups (indirect M = 2.69, SD = 0.62; direct M = 2.83, SD = 0.40). Both intervention groups increased their PA (η2 = 0.25), and exercise identity levels (η2 = 0.43) across six weeks. DISCUSSION High feasibility ratings, both through retention, and survey and interview data show that the study could be extended to a full-scale RCT. Modifications to recruitment including oversampling to account for low recruitment rates may be useful. No adverse events were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra J. Husband
- Behavioural Medicine Lab, School of Exercise, Physical, and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Joan Wharf-Higgins
- Behavioural Medicine Lab, School of Exercise, Physical, and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Lab, School of Exercise, Physical, and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Cousson-Gélie F, Carayol M, Fregeac B, Mora L, Jeanleboeuf F, Coste O, Pereira B, Gourlan M. The "great live and move challenge": a program to promote physical activity among children aged 7-11 years. Design and implementation of a cluster-randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:367. [PMID: 30943934 PMCID: PMC6446258 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent population-based surveys have reported that large majorities of children in France, Europe and in the US are not complying with international physical activity (PA) guidelines. There is, therefore, a need to find programs that will improve children's PA habits from an early age. Theory-based interventions that include school, family, and community involvement have the potential to generate a considerable increase in the PA level of children. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is one of the most widely tested models of the factors influencing health-related behaviors. The Great Live and Move Challenge (GLMC) is an extended TPB-based intervention designed to promote PA in French primary school children aged 7-11 years. The objective of this paper is to describe the protocol of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the GLMC on the PA level of children. METHODS This is a two-year cluster-randomized controlled trial comparing an intervention group to a control group, randomized into clusters (community of communes) and stratified by department (Hérault, Gard, Aude) and residential environment (urban, rural). The goal is to recruit 4000 children. The GLMC involves children and their parents, and multiple local grassroots partners, such as school teachers, municipal officials and policy stakeholders. The intervention will be delivered over 3.5 months per year for a two-year period. Pre- and post-intervention, children and parents will be asked to fulfill a questionnaire concerning current PA level, TPB variables (i.e., intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control) and other psychosocial variables (e.g., perceptions of activity opportunities). A subsample of 400 children will be proposed to wear an accelerometer (i.e., the Actigraph GT3X+). The primary hypothesis is that the GLMC intervention will increase the proportion of children achieving the World Health Organization's recommended 60 min of moderate to vigorous PA per day by 15%. DISCUSSION This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a multilevel, theory-based PA program and potentially provide valuable information for schools and public health officers looking for innovative PA programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN:61116221 , 19/06/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Cousson-Gélie
- University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, University Montpellier, EPSYLON EA 4556, F34000 Montpellier, France
- Epidaure, Prevention Department of the Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Parc Euromédecine, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Marion Carayol
- University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, University Montpellier, EPSYLON EA 4556, F34000 Montpellier, France
- Epidaure, Prevention Department of the Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Parc Euromédecine, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Bruno Fregeac
- Academic resource center of Hérault dedicated to health promotion, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Lucile Mora
- University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, University Montpellier, EPSYLON EA 4556, F34000 Montpellier, France
- Epidaure, Prevention Department of the Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Parc Euromédecine, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Florian Jeanleboeuf
- University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, University Montpellier, EPSYLON EA 4556, F34000 Montpellier, France
- Epidaure, Prevention Department of the Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Parc Euromédecine, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Olivier Coste
- Direction Régionale Jeunesse Sport et Cohésion Sociale Occitanie, 3, avenue Charles Flahault, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Biostatistics Unit (Délégation Recherche Clinique et Innovation), Villa annexe IFSI, 58 rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Mathieu Gourlan
- University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, University Montpellier, EPSYLON EA 4556, F34000 Montpellier, France
- Epidaure, Prevention Department of the Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Parc Euromédecine, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Liu S, Husband C, La H, Juba M, Loucks R, Harrison A, Rhodes RE. Development of a self-guided web-based intervention to promote physical activity using the multi-process action control framework. Internet Interv 2018; 15:35-42. [PMID: 30568879 PMCID: PMC6290280 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity promotion has mostly focused on theories of intention-formation, with the assumption that positive intentions will lead to behaviour. Though necessary, exercise intentions alone are often not sufficient to improve physical activity behaviour. The Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework builds on previous intention-based theories by including both determinants of intention formation and its translation into behaviour. The purpose of this study was to describe the process of developing a self-guided web-based intervention to promote physical activity among adults using the M-PAC model. PROCEDURES The development process consisted of the following three phases: 1) Intervention planning: determine intervention needs and requirements; 2) Intervention development: use an iterative process to design a web-based physical activity intervention based on the M-PAC framework; 3) Pilot testing: conduct usability and acceptability assessment on the web-based intervention to further enhance user experience. PRINCIPAL RESULTS The intervention planning phase suggested that there is a need for web-based physical activity interventions and there is currently no web-based intervention designed using the M-PAC model. In phase two, we adopted an iterative process to develop a 10-week self-guided web-based intervention to help adults (>18 years of age) to meet 150 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week. The pilot testing phase yielded valuable feedback on usability, content, and design of the web-based intervention. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The development of a web-based physical activity intervention using the M-PAC model could further enhance the effectiveness of web-based interventions and have a significant impact on extending the reach of existing physical activity promotion programs. This study has reinforced the importance of an iterative development process that involves a multi-disciplinary team to design a web-based intervention to promote physical activity. The process enabled the team to clarify the needs for an intervention for our target users, and provided valuable feedback on the design and content of the web-based intervention. Future studies are now needed to evaluate the effectiveness of our web-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Liu
- Corresponding author at: School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, McKinnon Building 124, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Casandra Husband
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Henry La
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Madeline Juba
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raven Loucks
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aimee Harrison
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Rhodes RE, Nwachukwu N, Quinlan A. Family Exergaming: Correlates and Preferences. Games Health J 2018; 7:188-196. [DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2017.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E. Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Nnenna Nwachukwu
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Alison Quinlan
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Vallerand JR, Rhodes RE, Walker GJ, Courneya KS. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an exercise telephone counseling intervention for hematologic cancer survivors: a phase II randomized controlled trial. J Cancer Surviv 2018; 12:357-370. [PMID: 29411314 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-018-0675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supervised exercise interventions produce the largest improvements in patient-reported outcomes in cancer survivors but their scalability has been questioned. Telephone counseling has been proposed as a more feasible alternative but its impact on exercise behavior and health outcomes have been modest. Basing telephone counseling exercise (TCE) interventions on the theoretical advances described in the multi-process action control framework (M-PAC) may improve these outcomes. PURPOSE To assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a M-PAC-based TCE intervention for increasing aerobic exercise behavior in hematologic cancer survivors (HCS). METHODS We recruited 51 HCS who were randomized to either a weekly TCE group (n = 26) or a self-directed exercise (SDE) group (n = 25). Participants completed online measures of self-reported aerobic exercise behavior, quality of life (QoL), fatigue, and program satisfaction at baseline and post-intervention (12 weeks). RESULTS Adherence to the TCE intervention was 93% and retention was 100%. Participants receiving TCE increased their weekly aerobic exercise by 218 min compared to 93 min in the SDE group [mean-adjusted between-group difference (MBGDadj) = 139, 95%CI = 65 to 213, p < .001, effect size (d) = 2.19]. Clinically meaningful QoL improvements favored the TCE group for mental health (MBGDadj = 3.7, 95%CI = - 0.4 to 7.9, p = .08, d = 0.42) and mental health component (MBGDadj = 3.6, 95%CI = - 0.8 to 8.1, p = .10, d = 0.35) subscales. CONCLUSIONS The 12-week TCE intervention substantially increased exercise behavior and may have meaningfully improved QoL in HCS. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Though more definitive trials are needed, remote TCE interventions based on the M-PAC may improve exercise behavior and QoL in HCS and perhaps other cancer survivor groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinical Trials ID: NCT03052777.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Vallerand
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonto, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Gordon J Walker
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonto, Canada
| | - Kerry S Courneya
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonto, Canada.
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Uijtdewilligen L, Brown HE, Müller-Riemenschneider F, Lim YW, Brage S, van Sluijs EM. A systematic review of methods to measure family co-participation in physical activity. Obes Rev 2017; 18:1454-1472. [PMID: 28967183 PMCID: PMC6219698 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The family environment is key in influencing children's health behaviours. Encouraging family co-participation in physical activity may therefore be an effective approach to increasing children's physical activity levels. Yet, little is known about how to best assess family co-participation in physical activity. This review summarizes methods to measure family co-participation in physical activity, which was defined as joint physical activities including at least one healthy child (0-18 years) and one other family member. Methods were identified through a systematic literature search, cross-referencing pre-selected reviews and contacting research groups. Thirty-seven measurement methods were included. Questionnaires were the most common method used, with the majority assessing frequency of co-participation and few also assessing duration and type. Reliability and internal consistency of scales were often reported, but rarely specified for the item(s) relevant to co-participation. Other methods of measuring co-participation included diaries, event history calendars, direct observations and accelerometry combined with diary, ecological momentary assessment or global positioning systems (GPS). Whilst a large number of measurement methods of family co-participation in physical activity exist, few are comprehensive and/or report acceptable psychometric properties. Future work should focus on reaching consensus in defining family co-participation in physical activity, and subsequently developing reliable and valid measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Uijtdewilligen
- National University of Singapore, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H E Brown
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - F Müller-Riemenschneider
- National University of Singapore, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charite University Medical Centre Berlin, Germany
| | - Y W Lim
- National University of Singapore, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Brage
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - E M van Sluijs
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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Quinlan A, Rhodes RE, Beauchamp MR, Symons Downs D, Warburton DER, Blanchard CM. Evaluation of a physical activity intervention for new parents: protocol paper for a randomized trial. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:875. [PMID: 29121884 PMCID: PMC5679193 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying critical life transitions in people’s physical activity behaviors may illuminate the most opportune intervention apertures for chronic disease prevention. A substantive evidence base now indicates that parenthood is one of these critical transition points for physical activity decline. This study will examine whether a brief theory-based intervention can prevent a decline in physical activity among new parents over 6 months following intervention. This study protocol represents the first dyad-based physical activity initiative in the parenthood literature involving both mothers and fathers; prior research has focused on only mothers or only fathers (albeit limited), and has shown only short-term changes in physical activity. This study will be investigating whether a theory-based physical activity intervention can maintain or improve moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity measured via accelerometry of new parents over a 6 month period following intervention compared to a control group. Methods This study is a 6-month longitudinal randomized controlled trial. Parents are measured at baseline (2 months postpartum) with two assessment points at 6 weeks (3.5 months postpartum) and 3 months (5 months postpartum) and a final follow-up assessment at 6 months (8 months postpartum). The content of the theory-based intervention was derived from the results of our prior longitudinal trial of new parents using an adapted theory of planned behavior framework to predict changes in physical activity. Results A total of 152 couples have been recruited to date. Sixteen couples dropped out after baseline and a total of 88 couples have completed their 6-month measures. Discussion If the intervention proves successful, couple-based physical activity promotion efforts among parents could be a promising avenue to pursue to help mitigate the declines of physical activity levels during parenthood. These findings could inform public health materials and practitioners. Trial registration This trial has been registered with the Clinical Trials Registry maintained by the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health on April 19, 2014. The registration ID is NCT02290808. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-4874-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Quinlan
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, B.C., V8P-5C2, Canada.
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, B.C., V8P-5C2, Canada
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Bassett-Gunter R, Stone R, Jarvis J, Latimer-Cheung A. Motivating parent support for physical activity: the role of framed persuasive messages. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2017; 32:412-422. [PMID: 28931171 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Parent support for physical activity (PA) is a behavior unto itself that requires motivation. Persuasive messages may be one method for motivating parent support for their children's PA. Message framing is one strategy for optimizing the impact of messages. The current study examined the relative effectiveness of gain- versus loss-framed messages for encouraging parent support for children's PA. Regardless of message frame, parents had an increase in social cognitive antecedents (e.g. perceived behavioral control, intentions) and support for children's PA following message exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bassett-Gunter
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 310 Stong College, Toronto, ON M3P 1J3, Canada
| | - Rachael Stone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 310 Stong College, Toronto, ON M3P 1J3, Canada
| | | | - Amy Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Bassett-Gunter RL, Ruscitti RJ, Latimer-Cheung AE, Fraser-Thomas JL. Targeted physical activity messages for parents of children with disabilities: A qualitative investigation of parents' informational needs and preferences. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 64:37-46. [PMID: 28334638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Physical activity (PA) has myriad benefits for children with disabilities (CWD). Information and messaging campaigns can promote PA among CWD. The overall purpose of the study was to gain an understanding of the development of PA information and messages targeting parents of CWD. The specific objectives were to identify parents' preferences regarding PA information and messaging content and preferred methods and sources of communication. METHOD Focus groups were conducted with parents of CWD (N=28). Qualitative data were collected and transcribed. Inductive content analyses were employed to identify key themes. RESULTS Three key thematic areas were identified: 1) Preferred content (e.g., targeted information, self-regulatory strategies, inclusive images), 2) Challenges (e.g., lack of information and language clarity), 3) Preferred sources (e.g., other parents, reliable organizations, central information hub). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Parents' needs and preferences regarding PA information could be incorporated into campaigns to enhance parent PA support and PA among CWD. Stakeholders (e.g., PA organizations, programs and practitioners) can employ these strategies in campaigns and resources targeting parents of CWD. Research is necessary to empirically develop and evaluate PA information and messaging campaigns targeting parents of CWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Bassett-Gunter
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - R J Ruscitti
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A E Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J L Fraser-Thomas
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rhodes RE, Lim C. Promoting Parent and Child Physical Activity Together: Elicitation of Potential Intervention Targets and Preferences. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2017; 45:112-123. [PMID: 28415853 DOI: 10.1177/1090198117704266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Promoting physical activities that involve both parents and their children would be very useful to the improved health and well-being of families, yet coactivity interventions have been particularly unsuccessful in past research. The purpose of this study was to elicit the salient parental beliefs about coactivity framed through theory of planned behavior in order to inform future intervention content. A representative sample of Canadian parents ( N = 483) with children aged 6 to 14 years completed belief elicitation measures of theory of planned behavior, as well as coactivity and program preferences. Analyses included content theming by physical activity belief and preference through tallies of the percentages of parents endorsing each belief. Exploratory analyses of differences in endorsed themes were conducted by parent (mother, father), age of child (6-10 years, 11-14 years), and sex of the child. The results showed that behavioral beliefs about health, interpersonal and educational/learning opportunities and control beliefs about lack of time, various incompatible parent/child factors, parental health, and bad weather were dominant themes. Most of these themes did not vary in endorsement by parent and child characteristics. By contrast, preferences for various activities varied by parent and child characteristics, yet parents overwhelmingly desired the activities to be outdoors, close to home, after work, and originally delivered from community health professionals via Internet or face-to face means. Overall, the findings provide several considerations for specific targets to improve future physical activity intervention approaches among parents and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- 1 University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Clarise Lim
- 1 University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Solomon-Moore E, Sebire SJ, Thompson JL, Zahra J, Lawlor DA, Jago R. Are parents' motivations to exercise and intention to engage in regular family-based activity associated with both adult and child physical activity? BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 2:e000137. [PMID: 28879025 PMCID: PMC5569264 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To examine the associations between parents' motivation to exercise and intention to engage in family-based activity with their own and their child's physical activity. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 1067 parent-child pairs (76.1% mother-child); children were aged 5-6 years. Parents reported their exercise motivation (ie, intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation and amotivation) as described in self-determination theory and their intention to engage in family-based activity. Parents' and children's mean minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and mean counts per minute were derived from ActiGraph accelerometers worn for 3 to 5 days (including a mixture of weekdays and weekend days). Multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for parent sex, number of children, indices of multiple deprivation and clustering of children in schools were used to examine associations (total of 24 associations tested). RESULTS In fully adjusted models, each unit increase in identified regulation was associated with a 6.08 (95% CI 3.27 to 8.89, p<0.001) min-per-day increase in parents' MVPA. Parents' external regulation was associated with children performing 2.93 (95% CI -5.83 to -0.03, p=0.05) fewer minutes of MVPA per day and a 29.3 (95% CI -53.8 to -4.7, p=0.02) accelerometer count-per-minute reduction. There was no evidence of association for the other 21 associations tested. CONCLUSIONS Future family-based physical activity interventions may benefit from helping parents identify personal value in exercise while avoiding the use of external control or coercion to motivate behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Solomon-Moore
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Simon J Sebire
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Janice L Thompson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jesmond Zahra
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- School for Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Russ Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Brooke HL, Atkin AJ, Corder K, Brage S, van Sluijs EM. Frequency and duration of physical activity bouts in school-aged children: A comparison within and between days. Prev Med Rep 2016; 4:585-590. [PMID: 27843758 PMCID: PMC5107648 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how physical activity (PA) patterns vary within and between days may guide PA promotion in young people. We aimed to 1) describe and compare the frequency (bouts/day) and duration (min/bout) of bouts of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) on weekdays vs. weekends and in-school vs. out-of-school, and 2) assess associations of bout frequency and duration in these time-segments with overall PA. We used cross-sectional accelerometer data from 2737 children (aged 6-19 years) in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006. A bout was defined as MVPA (≥ 2000 counts per minute [cpm]) lasting ≥ 3 min. Adjusted Wald tests were used to assess differences in bout characteristics between time-segments. Linear regression was used to examine the association of time-segment specific bout characteristics with daily minutes of MVPA and PA volume (average cpm). Bout frequency was higher on weekdays than weekends (median [IQR] 4.3 [2.2-7.2] vs. 3.0 [1.0-6.5] bouts/day, p < 0.001); however, bout duration did not differ (4.7 [4.0-5.7] vs. 4.5 [3.7-5.8] min/bout, p = 0.33). More bouts were accumulated out-of-school compared with in-school (2.2 [1.0-4.0] vs. 1.8 [0.8-3.2] bouts/day, p < 0.001), but bout duration was similar (4.7 [3.8-5.8] vs. 4.5 [3.8-5.7] min/bout, p = 0.158). For all time-segments, the frequency and duration of bouts of MVPA were independently and positively associated with overall MVPA and PA volume. In conclusion, the characteristics of children's PA vary within and between days; accounting for this in intervention design may improve future interventions. However, increasing bout frequency or duration in any time-segment may be beneficial for overall PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Brooke
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Atkin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kirsten Corder
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther Mf van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
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Predicting Changes Across 12 Months in Three Types of Parental Support Behaviors and Mothers' Perceptions of Child Physical Activity. Ann Behav Med 2016; 49:853-64. [PMID: 26162705 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-015-9721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental support has been established as the critical family-level variable linked to child physical activity with encouragement, logistical support, and parent-child co-activity as key support behaviors. PURPOSE This study aims to model these parental support behaviors as well as family demographics as mediators of mothers' perceptions of child physical activity using theory of planned behavior (TPB) across two 6-month waves of longitudinal data. METHOD A representative sample of Canadian mothers (N = 1253) with children aged 5 to 13 years of age completed measures of TPB, support behaviors, and child physical activity. RESULTS Autoregressive structural equation models showed that intention and perceived behavioral control explained support behaviors, yet child age (inverse relationship) and family income were independent predictors. The three support behaviors explained 19-42 % of the variance in child physical activity between participants, but analyses of change showed much smaller effects. CONCLUSIONS Mothers' support behaviors are related to perceived child physical activity, but support is dependent on perception of control, child age, and family income.
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Mailey EL, Phillips SM, Dlugonski D, Conroy DE. Overcoming barriers to exercise among parents: a social cognitive theory perspective. J Behav Med 2016; 39:599-609. [PMID: 27108160 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parents face numerous barriers to exercise and exhibit high levels of inactivity. Examining theory-based determinants of exercise among parents may inform interventions for this population. The purpose of this study was to test a social-cognitive model of parental exercise participation over a 12-month period. Mothers (n = 226) and fathers (n = 70) of children <16 completed measures of exercise, barriers self-efficacy, perceived barriers, and exercise planning at baseline and 1 year later. Panel analyses were used to test the hypothesized relationships. Barriers self-efficacy was related to exercise directly and indirectly through perceived barriers and prioritization/planning. Prioritization and planning also mediated the relationship between perceived barriers and exercise. These paths remained significant at 12 months. These results suggest efforts to increase exercise in parents should focus on improving confidence to overcome exercise barriers, reducing perceptions of barriers, and helping parents make specific plans for prioritizing and engaging in exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Mailey
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, 1A Natatorium, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Siobhan M Phillips
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deirdre Dlugonski
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Brown HE, Atkin AJ, Panter J, Wong G, Chinapaw MJM, van Sluijs EMF. Family-based interventions to increase physical activity in children: a systematic review, meta-analysis and realist synthesis. Obes Rev 2016; 17:345-60. [PMID: 26756281 PMCID: PMC4819691 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Family-based interventions represent a potentially valuable route to increasing child physical activity (PA) in children. A dual meta-analysis and realist synthesis approach examined existing interventions to assist those developing programmes to encourage uptake and maintenance of PA in children. DESIGN Studies were screened for inclusion based on including participants aged 5-12 years, having a substantive aim of increasing PA by engaging the family and reporting on PA outcome. Duplicate data extraction and quality assessment were conducted. Meta-analysis was conducted in STATA. Realist synthesis included theory development and evidence mapping. RESULTS Forty-seven studies were included, of which three received a 'strong' quality rating, 21 'moderate' and 23 'weak'. The meta-analysis (19 studies) demonstrated a significant small effect in favour of the experimental group (standardized mean difference: 0.41; 95%CI 0.15-0.67). Sensitivity analysis, removing one outlier, reduced this to 0.29 (95%CI 0.14-0.45). Realist synthesis (28 studies) provided insight into intervention context (particularly, family constraints, ethnicity and parental motivation), and strategies to change PA (notably, goal-setting and reinforcement combined). CONCLUSION This review provides key recommendations to inform policy makers and other practitioners in developing evidence-based interventions aimed at engaging the family to increase PA in children, and identifies avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Brown
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A J Atkin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Panter
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - G Wong
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M J M Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E M F van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Quinlan A, Rhodes RE, Blanchard CM, Naylor PJ, Warburton DER. Family planning to promote physical activity: a randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1011. [PMID: 26437939 PMCID: PMC4594902 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is associated with the reduction of several chronic conditions in adults. Additionally, physical activity is extremely important for children for their development and cognitive functioning and also to create a physically active lifestyle that continues into adulthood. Despite the known benefits of physical activity, only one in five adults are achieving the public health recommendations of 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week and only 13 % of boys and 6 % of girls between the ages of 5 and 17 years are meeting the guidelines of 60 minutes per day. This study aims to evaluate whether a planning condition improves adherence to regular physical activity compared to an education-only control condition among families. Families are eligible if there is at least one child between the ages of 6 and 12 years who is not meeting the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines. Methods/design A six-month longitudinal randomized controlled trial will be used to compare the two conditions. Materials will be delivered at baseline with ‘booster’ sessions at six weeks and three months. Participants will be assessed at baseline and at six months with a fitness test, as well as questionnaires and accelerometery at baseline, six weeks, three months and six months. A total of 137 families have been recruited thus far from Greater Victoria. This study is ongoing and recruitment will continue until December 2015 with the target goal of reaching 160 families. Discussion This protocol describes the implementation of a randomized controlled trial that utilizes planning strategies to try and increase physical activity among families. Research findings could be useful in public health in providing effective strategies to families to help decrease sedentary lifestyles. Additionally, findings may help to inform future interventions aimed at increasing physical activity among families. Trial registration This trial was registered on June 5, 2012 with the Clinical Trials Registry maintained by the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health. The registration ID is NCT01882192.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Quinlan
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P-5C2, Canada.
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P-5C2, Canada.
| | | | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P-5C2, Canada.
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Jensen CD, Hunsaker SL, Van Dyk TR, Nelson TD, Sandridge ML, Bailey BW. Effectiveness of a Parent Health Report Intervention to Increase Physical Activity among Preschoolers and Kindergarteners. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2014.948162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Shirazipour CH, Latimer-Cheung AE, Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP. An exploratory qualitative investigation of psychosocial determinants of parental decisions to support sport participation for youth with a mobility impairment. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2015; 45-46:400-410. [PMID: 26311496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parents of youth with a mobility impairment (MI) have an important influence on their children's sport participation. The current study consists of an exploratory qualitative investigation of the relevance of HAPA for understanding parental support behaviours for youth with MI's sport participation. METHODS Parents of youth athletes (Mage=11.10; SD=2.77) and non-athletes (Mage=11.50; SD=3.84) participated in semi-structured interviews with question development guided by the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). RESULTS Constructs from HAPA were expressed as relevant to parental decisions, with differing subthemes emerging based upon parental group (i.e. parents of non-athletes or parents of athletes). Other constructs that emerged included barriers, facilitators, and resources. DISCUSSION Constructs from the motivational phase of HAPA were relevant for parents of athletes and non-athletes, while the volitional phase demonstrated utility for understanding the views of parents of athletes. Differences between the patterns of responses of both groups were apparent in how the constructs were expressed. Findings identify key areas for research, as well as practical applications. For example, future programs can target parental positions on specific HAPA constructs (e.g. risk perceptions) where differences were found between both groups of parents in order to promote parental decisions that support their children's sport participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina H Shirazipour
- School of Kinesiology & Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division St, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Amy E Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology & Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division St, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6.
| | - Kelly P Arbour-Nicitopoulos
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Warren Steven Building 2041, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2W6
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Rhodes RE, Yao CA. Models accounting for intention-behavior discordance in the physical activity domain: a user's guide, content overview, and review of current evidence. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:9. [PMID: 25890238 PMCID: PMC4328062 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing concern among researchers with the limited effectiveness and yet subsequent stagnation of theories applied to physical activity (PA). One of the most highlighted areas of concern is the established gap between intention and PA, yet the considerable use of models that assume intention is the proximal antecedent of PA. The objective of this review was to: 1) provide a guide and thematic analysis of the available models that include constructs that address intention-behavior discordance and 2) highlight the evidence for these structures in the PA domain. A literature search was conducted among 13 major databases to locate relevant models and PA studies published before August 2014. Sixteen models were identified and nine overall themes for post-intentional constructs were created. Of the 16 models, eight were applied to 36 PA studies. Early evidence supported maintenance self-efficacy, behavioral regulation strategies, affective judgments, perceived control/opportunity, habit, and extraversion as reliable predictors of post-intention PA. Several intention-behavior discordance models exist within the literature, but are not used frequently. Further efforts are needed to test these models, preferably with experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 3015 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P1, Canada.
| | - Christopher A Yao
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 3015 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P1, Canada.
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Newton RL, Marker AM, Allen HR, Machtmes R, Han H, Johnson WD, Schuna JM, Broyles ST, Tudor-Locke C, Church TS. Parent-targeted mobile phone intervention to increase physical activity in sedentary children: randomized pilot trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2014; 2:e48. [PMID: 25386899 PMCID: PMC4260004 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity are associated with adverse health consequences. Objective The intent of the study was to determine the feasibility and efficacy of a 12-week physical activity promotion program targeting children, which was delivered to parents through mobile phones. Methods Potential participants were recruited through advertisements placed in the newspaper, local hospitals and schools, and an email listserv. Sedentary children aged 6-10 years were randomly assigned to a minimal (MIG) or intensive (IIG) intervention group. Parents in the MIG were given a goal to increase (within 1 month) and maintain their child’s activity at 6000 pedometer steps/day above their baseline levels and to monitor their child’s steps daily. Parents in the IIG were given the same steps/day and monitoring goals, in addition to text messages and articles containing additional behavioral strategies (based on the Social Cognitive Theory) designed to promote their child’s physical activity. The intervention components were delivered via mobile phone. Anthropometrics, body composition, and questionnaires were administered in a clinic. Children wore a New Lifestyles pedometer (NL-1000) each day throughout the intervention and parents were to monitor their child’s step counts daily. Results Out of 59 children who screened for the study, a total of 27 children (mean age 8.7, SD 1.4 years; 56%, 15/27 female; 59%, 16/27 African American) were enrolled and completed the study. Overall, 97.90% (2220/2268; 98.20%, 1072/1092 for MIG; 97.60%, 1148/1176 for IIG) of expected step data were successfully entered by the parent or study coordinator. Parents in the MIG and IIG were sent approximately 7 and 13 text messages per week, respectively, averaged over the course of the study. IIG parents accessed an average of 6.1 (SD 4.4) articles over the course of the intervention and accessed a fewer number of articles in the last month compared to the first 2 months of the study (P=.002). Children in both the MIG and IIG significantly increased their physical activity, averaged over 12 weeks, by 1427.6 (SD 583.0; P=.02) and 2832.8 (SD 604.9; P<.001) steps/day above baseline, respectively. The between group difference was not statistically significant (P=.10; effect size=.40), nor was the group by time interaction (P=.57). Regardless of group assignment, children who significantly increased their physical activity reported greater increases in physical activity enjoyment (P=.003). The number of behavioral articles accessed by IIG parents was significantly correlated with change in children’s steps/day (r=.575, P=.04). Changes in children’s steps/day were unrelated to changes in their body composition, mood, and food intake. Conclusions Parent-targeted mobile phone interventions are feasible, yet more intense interventions may be needed to support parents’ efforts to increase their children’s physical activity to levels that approximate national recommendations. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01551108; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01551108 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6TNEOzXNX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Newton
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Population and Public Health, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
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Predicting Automaticity in Exercise Behaviour: The Role of Perceived Behavioural Control, Affect, Intention, Action Planning, and Behaviour. Int J Behav Med 2013; 21:767-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-013-9348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Salmon J, Veitch J, Abbott G, ChinAPaw M, Brug JJ, teVelde SJ, Cleland V, Hume C, Crawford D, Ball K. Are associations between the perceived home and neighbourhood environment and children's physical activity and sedentary behaviour moderated by urban/rural location? Health Place 2013; 24:44-53. [PMID: 24036187 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Associations between parental perceived home and neighbourhood environments and children's physical activity (PA), and sedentary time (ST) and screen time and moderating effects according to urban/rural location were examined. Data were collected (2007-2008) from a cohort of women (aged 18-45 years) and their children (5-12 years) participating in the Resilience for Eating and Activity Despite Inequality (READI) study. A total of 613 children (47% boys; mean age 9.4±2.2 years) and their mothers were included in the study. Urban children had higher screen time than rural children. Mothers in rural areas reported greater access to physical activity equipment in the home, higher levels of descriptive norms for physical activity, greater knowledge of the neighbourhood, a stronger social network, and higher personal safety than urban mothers. There were five significant interactions between the home and neighbourhood environment and PA/ST according to urban/rural location. Among urban children, the importance of doing PA together as a family was positively associated with ST. Interventions targeting PA and ST may need to target different factors according to urban/rural location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Salmon
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
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Dellert JC, Johnson P. Interventions with children and parents to improve physical activity and body mass index: a meta-analysis. Am J Health Promot 2013; 28:259-67. [PMID: 23875983 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.120628-lit-313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the effect of interventions with parents and children on children's physical activity and body mass index (BMI). DATA SOURCE Computerized searches for intervention studies published between 1990 and 2011 used multiple ProQuest databases, including unpublished dissertations and theses to minimize publication bias. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA English-language, intervention-testing studies of children, parents, or families with outcomes of physical activity or BMI were retrieved from peer-reviewed journals, dissertations, and theses. Eliminated studies had no control or comparison group; had no continuous outcome variable; had no physical activity/exercise and/or BMI as outcomes; or had incomplete statistics necessary for meta-analysis (means, standard deviations, or confidence intervals). DATA EXTRACTION Twenty-one studies met inclusion criteria. Quality criteria were control group, objective outcome variable measure, clarity of variable definitions, and number and reason for subject withdrawal. DATA SYNTHESIS Meta-analysis on the raw difference of means estimated mean weighted effect size (MWES) assessed dispersion of effects and computed a summary effect. RESULTS MWES for interventions with parents and children on physical activity (Z = 2.92; confidence interval [CI] = .09 to .48; p = .002) and on BMI for interventions with children alone (Z = -2.10; CI = -.16 to -.01; p = .02) was significant. CONCLUSION A significant effect on physical activity but not on BMI was found when interventions included both parents and their children.
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Cohen TR, Hazell TJ, Vanstone CA, Plourde H, Rodd CJ, Weiler HA. A family-centered lifestyle intervention to improve body composition and bone mass in overweight and obese children 6 through 8 years: a randomized controlled trial study protocol. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:383. [PMID: 23617621 PMCID: PMC3648398 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity gives rise to health complications including impaired musculoskeletal development that associates with increased risk of fractures. Prevention and treatment programs should focus on nutrition education, increasing physical activity (PA), reducing sedentary behaviours, and should monitor bone mass as a component of body composition. To ensure lifestyle changes are sustained in the home environment, programs need to be family-centered. To date, no study has reported on a family-centered lifestyle intervention for obese children that aims to not only ameliorate adiposity, but also support increases in bone and lean muscle mass. Furthermore, it is unknown if programs of such nature can also favorably change eating and activity behaviors. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a 1 y family-centered lifestyle intervention, focused on both nutrient dense foods including increased intakes of milk and alternatives, plus total and weight-bearing PA, on body composition and bone mass in overweight or obese children. METHODS/DESIGN The study design is a randomized controlled trial for overweight or obese children (6-8 y). Participants are randomized to control, standard treatment (StTx) or modified treatment (ModTx). This study is family-centred and includes individualized counselling sessions on nutrition, PA and sedentary behaviors occurring 4 weeks after baseline for 5 months, then at the end of month 8. The control group receives counselling at the end of the study. All groups are measured at baseline and every 3 months for the primary outcome of changes in body mass index Z-scores. At each visit blood is drawn and children complete a researcher-administered behavior questionnaire and muscle function testing. Changes from baseline to 12 months in body fat (% and mass), waist circumference, lean body mass, bone (mineral content, mineral density, size and volumetric density), dietary intake, self-reported PA and sedentary behaviour are examined. DISCUSSION This family-centered theory-based study permits for biochemical and physiological assessments. This trial will assess the effectiveness of the intervention at changing lifestyle behaviours by decreasing adiposity while enhancing lean and bone mass. If successful, the intervention proposed offers new insights for the management or treatment of childhood obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01290016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Brown H, Hume C, Pearson N, Salmon J. A systematic review of intervention effects on potential mediators of children's physical activity. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:165. [PMID: 23433143 PMCID: PMC3585884 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many interventions aiming to increase children’s physical activity have been developed and implemented in a variety of settings, and these interventions have previously been reviewed; however the focus of these reviews tends to be on the intervention effects on physical activity outcomes without consideration of the reasons and pathways leading to intervention success or otherwise. To systematically review the efficacy of physical activity interventions targeting 5-12 year old children on potential mediators and, where possible, to calculate the size of the intervention effect on the potential mediator. Methods A systematic search identified intervention studies that reported outcomes on potential mediators of physical activity among 5-12 year old children. Original research articles published between 1985 and April 2012 were reviewed. Results Eighteen potential mediators were identified from 31 studies. Positive effects on cognitive/psychological potential mediators were reported in 15 out of 31 studies. Positive effects on social environmental potential mediators were reported in three out of seven studies, and no effects on the physical environment were reported. Although no studies were identified that performed a mediating analysis, 33 positive intervention effects were found on targeted potential mediators (with effect sizes ranging from small to large) and 73% of the time a positive effect on the physical activity outcome was reported. Conclusions Many studies have reported null intervention effects on potential mediators of children’s physical activity; however, it is important that intervention studies statistically examine the mediating effects of interventions so the most effective strategies can be implemented in future programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Brown
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
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de Bruijn GJ, Rhodes RE, van Osch L. Does action planning moderate the intention-habit interaction in the exercise domain? A three-way interaction analysis investigation. J Behav Med 2012; 35:509-19. [PMID: 21979328 PMCID: PMC3439603 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-011-9380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Both habit strength and action planning have been found to moderate the intention-exercise behaviour relationship, but no research exists that has investigated how habit strength and action planning simultaneously influence this relationship. The present study was designed to explore this issue in a prospective sample of undergraduate students (N = 415): action planning, habit strength, intention, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control were assessed at baseline and exercise behaviour was assessed 2 weeks later. Both habit strength and action planning moderated the intention-exercise relationship, with stronger relationship at higher levels of planning or habit strength. Decomposing a significant action planning × habit strength × intention interaction showed that the strength of the intention-exercise relationship progressed linearly through levels of action planning and habit strength. These novel results show that action planning strengthens the intention-habit strength interaction in the exercise domain: exercise interventions should therefore focus on simultaneously bolstering action planning and habit strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert-Jan de Bruijn
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research ASCoR, University of Amsterdam, Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Fuchs R, Seelig H, Göhner W, Burton NW, Brown WJ. Cognitive mediation of intervention effects on physical exercise: causal models for the adoption and maintenance stage. Psychol Health 2012; 27:1480-99. [PMID: 22715966 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2012.695020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate how the effects of a group-based intervention program (MoVo-LISA) on exercise behaviour were mediated by cognitive variables. Different causal models mapping the short-term (adoption) and long-term (maintenance) intervention effects were tested using path analyses. DESIGN N = 220 in-patients of a rehabilitation clinic were assigned to an usual care or intervention group (quasi-experimental design). Questionnaire-based assessment was conducted at baseline; discharge; and at six weeks, six months and 12 months post discharge. MEASURES The potential mediator variables were outcome expectations, self-efficacy, strength of goal intention (intention strength), self-concordance, action planning and barrier management. RESULTS Observed intervention effects on exercise behaviour (p < 0.05) were mediated by intention strength at the adoption and maintenance stages, by action planning only at the adoption, and by barrier management only at the maintenance stage. Self-efficacy and outcome expectations were only indirectly involved in these mediations by affecting intention strength and self-concordance. CONCLUSION This is the first study to track the cognitive mediation processes of intervention effects on exercise behaviour over a long time-period by differentiating the adoption and maintenance stages of behaviour change. The findings emphasise the importance of deconstructing intervention effects (modifiability vs. predictive power of a mediator) to develop more effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Fuchs
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon D Horner
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
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Grigsby-Toussaint DS, Chi SH, Fiese BH. Where they live, how they play: neighborhood greenness and outdoor physical activity among preschoolers. Int J Health Geogr 2011; 10:66. [PMID: 22165919 PMCID: PMC3278349 DOI: 10.1186/1476-072x-10-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging empirical evidence suggests exposure to "green" environments may encourage higher levels of physical activity among children. Few studies, however, have explored this association exclusively in pre-school aged children in the United States. We examined whether residing in neighborhoods with higher levels of greenness was associated with higher levels of outdoor physical activity among preschoolers. In addition, we also explored whether outdoor playing behaviors (e.g., active vs. quiet) were influenced by levels of neighborhood greenness independent of demographic and parental support factors. Results Higher levels of neighborhood greenness as measured by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was associated with higher levels of outdoor playing time among preschool-aged children in our sample. Specifically, a one unit increase in neighborhood greenness increased a child's outdoor playing time by approximately 3 minutes. A dose-response relationship was observed between increasing levels of parental support for physical activity (e.g., time spent playing with children) and child outdoor physical activity (p < 0.01). Conclusions Consistent with previous studies, neighborhood greenness influences physical activity behavior. However, for preschoolers, parental involvement may be more critical for improving physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Grigsby-Toussaint
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, USA.
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