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Wan D, Liang X, Yang L, He D, Du Q, Zhang W, Huang J, Xu L, Cai P, Huang J, Xiong Y, Zhou R, Peng Y, Zhang S. Integration of gut microbiota and metabolomics for the hematopoiesis of Siwu paste on anemia rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18024. [PMID: 37449126 PMCID: PMC10336798 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the regulation mechanism of hematopoiesis of Siwu paste (SWP) in anemia rats, which is a classic Chinese prescription used for nourishing blood or blood deficiency over 1000 years. Methods Blood cell and biochemical analysis were used to evaluate the hematopoietic function of SWP in anemia rats. The intestinal microbial composition was analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the metabolites were profiled using UPLC-TripleTOF system nontargeting metabolomics. Results SWP can improve the levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, platelet, hematocrit value, white blood cells, lymphocyte, EPO, TPO, and GM-CSF in anemia rats, and significantly change the microbial community and its metabolites. The correlation analysis of intestinal microbiota-hematopoietic efficacy shows that 13 kinds of different intestinal flora were related to hematopoietic efficacy, in which Prevotella_1, Prevotella_9, Lactobacillus, and norank_f__Muribaculaceae were significantly positively correlated with hematopoiesis, nine kinds of intestinal flora are negatively correlated with hematopoietic effect. Compared with anemia rats, 218 potential metabolic biomarkers and 36 metabolites with significant differences were identified in the SWP treatment group, and the key metabolites were mainly amino acids and lipids. An in-depth analysis of metabolic pathways showed that SWP mainly affected 7 metabolic pathways, including aminobenzoic acid degradation and tryptophan metabolism. Conclusion The study provides novel insights into the regulation of hematopoiesis of SWP in anemia rats that were correlated with gut microbiota and the metabolites, which through the restoration of the firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wan
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
- Innovative Medicine Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xuejuan Liang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
- Innovative Medicine Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Limei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dan He
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
- Innovative Medicine Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qing Du
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
- Innovative Medicine Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jianji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Linben Xu
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
- Innovative Medicine Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ping Cai
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
- Innovative Medicine Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
- Innovative Medicine Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yiying Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
- The Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yongbo Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shuihan Zhang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
- Innovative Medicine Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
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Xiong L, Wang L, Zhang T, Ye X, Huang F, Huang Q, Huang X, Wu J, Zeng J. UHPLC/MS-Based Serum Metabolomics Reveals the Mechanism of Radiation-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147978. [PMID: 35887324 PMCID: PMC9319504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced thrombocytopenia is a common and life-threatening side effect of ionizing radiation (IR) therapy. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, irradiation was demonstrated to significantly reduce platelet levels, inhibit megakaryocyte differentiation, and promote the apoptosis of bone marrow (BM) cells. A metabolomics approach and a UHPLC-QTOF MS system were subsequently employed for the comprehensive analysis of serum metabolic profiles of normal and irradiated mice. A total of 66 metabolites were significantly altered, of which 56 were up-regulated and 10 were down-regulated in irradiated mice compared to normal mice on day 11 after irradiation. Pathway analysis revealed that disorders in glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism were involved in radiation-induced thrombocytopenia. In addition, three important differential metabolites, namely L-tryptophan, LysoPC (17:0), and D-sphinganine, which were up-regulated in irradiated mice, significantly induced the apoptosis of K562 cells. L-tryptophan inhibited megakaryocyte differentiation of K562 cells. Finally, serum metabolomics was performed on day 30 (i.e., when the platelet levels in irradiated mice recovered to normal levels). The contents of L-tryptophan, LysoPC (17:0), and D-sphinganine in normal and irradiated mice did not significantly differ on day 30 after irradiation. In conclusion, radiation can cause metabolic disorders, which are highly correlated with the apoptosis of hematopoietic cells and inhibition of megakaryocyte differentiation, ultimately resulting in thrombocytopenia. Further, the metabolites, L-tryptophan, LysoPC (17:0), and D-sphinganine can serve as biomarkers for radiation-induced thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Xinyuan Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Feihong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-830-316-2291 (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-830-316-2291 (J.Z.)
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3
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Liquid chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometry and fluorescence detection for determination of inflammatory biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid as a tool for diagnosis of periodontal disease. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 212:114644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Qin R, Zhao C, Wang CJ, Xu W, Zhao JY, Lin Y, Yuan YY, Lin PC, Li Y, Zhao S, Huang Y. Tryptophan potentiates CD8 + T cells against cancer cells by TRIP12 tryptophanylation and surface PD-1 downregulation. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002840. [PMID: 34326168 PMCID: PMC8323461 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tryptophan catabolites suppress immunity. Therefore, blocking tryptophan catabolism with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors is pursued as an anticancer strategy. METHODS The intracellular level of tryptophan and kynurenine was detected by mass spectrum analysis. The effect of tryptophan and IDO inhibitors on cell surface programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) level were measured by flow cytometry. A set of biochemical analyses were used to figure out the underlying mechanism. In vitro co-culture system, syngeneic mouse models, immunofluorescent staining, and flow cytometry analysis were employed to investigate the role of tryptophan and IDO inhibitor in regulating the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. RESULTS Here, we reported that IDO inhibitors activated CD8+ T cells also by accumulating tryptophan that downregulated PD-1. Tryptophan and IDO inhibitors administration, both increased intracellular tryptophan, and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS) overexpression decreased Jurkat and mice CD8+ T cell surface PD-1. Mechanistically, WARS tryptophanylated lysine 1136 of and activated E3 ligase TRIP12 to degrade NFATc1, a PD-1 transcription activator. SIRT1 de-tryptophanylated TRIP12 and reversed the effects of tryptophan and WARS on PD-1. Tryptophan or IDO inhibitors potentiated CD8+ T cells to induce apoptosis of co-cultured cancer cells, increased cancer-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and slowed down tumor growth of lung cancer in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed the immune-activating efficacy of tryptophan, and suggested tryptophan supplemental may benefit IDO inhibitors and PD-1 blockade during anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Ji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lin
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Yuan
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Ahn YH, Oh SC, Zhou S, Kim TD. Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094523. [PMID: 33926067 PMCID: PMC8123658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the ligation of tryptophan (Trp) to its cognate tRNAtrp during translation via aminoacylation. Interestingly, WRS also plays physiopathological roles in diseases including sepsis, cancer, and autoimmune and brain diseases and has potential as a pharmacological target and therapeutic. However, WRS is still generally regarded simply as an enzyme that produces Trp in polypeptides; therefore, studies of the pharmacological effects, therapeutic targets, and mechanisms of action of WRS are still at an emerging stage. This review summarizes the involvement of WRS in human diseases. We hope that this will encourage further investigation into WRS as a potential target for drug development in various pathological states including infection, tumorigenesis, and autoimmune and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ha Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Se-Chan Oh
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (T.-D.K.)
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (T.-D.K.)
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Kim SH, Bae S, Song M. Recent Development of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitors for Human Diseases: A Future Perspective. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1625. [PMID: 33271945 PMCID: PMC7760260 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are essential enzymes that ligate amino acids to tRNAs and translate the genetic code during protein synthesis. Their function in pathogen-derived infectious diseases has been well established, which has led to the development of small molecule therapeutics. The applicability of ARS inhibitors for other human diseases, such as fibrosis, has recently been explored in the clinical setting. There are active studies to find small molecule therapeutics for cancers. Studies on central nervous system (CNS) disorders are burgeoning as well. In this regard, we present a concise analysis of the recent development of ARS inhibitors based on small molecules from the discovery research stage to clinical studies as well as a recent patent analysis from the medicinal chemistry point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minsoo Song
- New Drug Development Center (NDDC), Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (S.B.)
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7
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Huang MS, Hsu YL, Yeh IJ, Liu KT, Yen MC. The Expression Profile of mRNA and tRNA Genes in Splenocytes and Neutrophils after In Vivo Delivery of Antitumor Short Hairpin RNA of Indoleamine 2,3- Dioxygenase. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186703. [PMID: 32933162 PMCID: PMC7555719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics are considered as novel treatments for human diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that treatment with short-hairpin RNA against Ido1 (IDO shRNA) suppresses tumor growth, detects Th1-bias immune responses, and elevates expression of tryptophan transfer RNA (tRNATrp) in total splenocytes. In addition, depletion of Ly6g+ neutrophils attenuates the effect of IDO shRNA. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory network and the expression profile of tRNAs and other non-coding RNAs in IDO shRNA-treated spleens. The total splenocytes and magnetic bead-enriched splenic neutrophils were collected from the lung tumor bearing mice, which were treated with IDO shRNA or scramble IDO shRNA, and the collected cells were subsequently subjected to RNA sequencing. The gene ontology analysis revealed the different enrichment pathways in total splenocytes and splenic neutrophils. Furthermore, the expression of tRNA genes was identified and validated. Six isoacceptors of tRNA, with different expression patterns between total splenocytes and splenic neutrophils, were observed. In summary, our findings not only revealed novel biological processes in IDO shRNA-treated total splenocytes and splenic neutrophils, but the identified tRNAs and other non-coding RNAs may contribute to developing a novel biomarker gene set for evaluating the clinical efficiency of RNA-based cancer immunotherapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Gene Ontology
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/administration & dosage
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Transfer/genetics
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - I-Jeng Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (I.-J.Y.); (K.-T.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (I.-J.Y.); (K.-T.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (I.-J.Y.); (K.-T.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2015)
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Zhu C, Sun B, Nie A, Zhou Z. The tRNA-associated dysregulation in immune responses and immune diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13391. [PMID: 31529760 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transfer RNA (tRNA), often considered as a housekeeping molecule, mainly participates in protein translation by transporting amino acids to the ribosome. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence has shown that tRNAs are closely related to various physiological and pathological processes. The proper functioning of the immune system is the key to human health. The aim of this review is to investigate the relationships between tRNAs and the immune system. We detail the biogenesis and structure of tRNAs and summarize the pathogen tRNA-mediated infection and host responses. In addition, we address recent advances in different aspects of tRNA-associated dysregulation in immune responses and immune diseases, such as tRNA molecules, tRNA modifications, tRNA derivatives and tRNA aminoacylation. Therefore, tRNAs play an important role in immune regulation. Although our knowledge of tRNAs in the context of immunity remains, for the most part, unknown, this field deserves in-depth research to provide new ideas for the treatment of immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Zhu
- Department of Chinese Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Central South University Changsha China
| | - Anzheng Nie
- Department of Chinese Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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Roles of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in immune regulation and immune diseases. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:901. [PMID: 31780718 PMCID: PMC6883034 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) play a vital role in protein synthesis by linking amino acids to their cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs). This typical function has been well recognized over the past few decades. However, accumulating evidence reveals that ARSs are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes apart from translation. Strikingly, certain ARSs are closely related to different types of immune responses. In this review, we address the infection and immune responses induced by pathogen ARSs, as well as the potential anti-infective compounds that target pathogen ARSs. Meanwhile, we describe the functional mechanisms of ARSs in the development of immune cells. In addition, we focus on the roles of ARSs in certain immune diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and tumor immunity. Although our knowledge of ARSs in the immunological context is still in its infancy, research in this field may provide new ideas for the treatment of immune-related diseases.
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10
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Vial G, Rivière E, Raymond AA, James C, Di-Tommaso S, Dugot-Senant N, Dupuy JW, Yacoub M, Parrens M, Saltel F, Viallard JF. Antigenic Mimicry in Paraneoplastic Immune Thrombocytopenia. Front Immunol 2019; 10:523. [PMID: 30967864 PMCID: PMC6439352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) with cancer has been reported, but the causality of tumor cells in paraneoplastic ITP pathogenesis and maintenance has never been established. We analyzed the unusual case of refractory ITP and coincident urothelial tumor of the kidney with circulating high titer anti-GPIIBIIIA autoantibodies. Intriguingly, after nephrectomy, the patient recovered fully and her anti-GPIIBIIIA autoantibodies disappeared. Proteomic and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed erratic GPIIB expression by the tumor cells, suggesting possible antigenic mimicry chronically stimulating the immune system and leading to this patient's refractory ITP. Such previously unreported findings provide proof-of-concept that requires further confirmation with the prospective study of a larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Vial
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Haut Lévêque Hospital, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Etienne Rivière
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Haut Lévêque Hospital, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, U1034, Pessac, France.,Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, U1034, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | - Chloé James
- INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, U1034, Pessac, France.,Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, U1034, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | | | - Jean-William Dupuy
- Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Plateforme Protéome, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mokrane Yacoub
- Pathology Department, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Parrens
- Pathology Department, Haut Lévêque Hospital, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Fréderic Saltel
- INSERM U1053, Oncoprot, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Viallard
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Haut Lévêque Hospital, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, U1034, Pessac, France.,Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, U1034, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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11
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Jin M. Unique roles of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase in immune control and its therapeutic implications. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-10. [PMID: 30613102 PMCID: PMC6321835 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase (WRS) is an essential enzyme as it catalyzes the ligation of tryptophan to its cognate tRNA during translation. Interestingly, mammalian WRS has evolved to acquire domains or motifs for novel functions beyond protein synthesis; WRS can also further expand its functions via alternative splicing and proteolytic cleavage. WRS is localized not only to the nucleus but also to the extracellular space, playing a key role in innate immunity, angiogenesis, and IFN-γ signaling. In addition, the expression of WRS varies significantly in different tissues and pathological states, implying that it plays unique roles in physiological homeostasis and immune defense. This review addresses the current knowledge regarding the evolution, structural features, and context-dependent functions of WRS, particularly focusing on its roles in immune regulation. Targeting tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase (WRS), an evolutionarily conserved enzyme involved in protein synthesis, could be an effective strategy for modulating the immune system. In addition to helping translate mRNA into amino acid sequences in cytoplasm, human WRS can be secreted and activate immune responses against invading pathogens. Mirim Jin at Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea, reviews recent studies on the structure, expression pattern and functions of WRS other than protein synthesis. High levels of WRS protein have been found in patients with sepsis and autoimmune diseases suggesting that inhibiting WRS could be a potential therapeutic approach for treating these conditions. Further research into WRS will shed light not only on how it regulates the immune system, but also on how it exerts other reported effects on blood vessel formation and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirim Jin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea. .,Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
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12
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Li ZJ, Liu XQ, Xu JQ, Liu YH, Chen LM, Chu XX. [Tryptophan metabolism in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia with high dose of dexamethasone]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2017; 38:222-226. [PMID: 28395446 PMCID: PMC7348388 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To test whether the tryptophan metabolism was abnormal in newly diagnosed ITP patients as well as in these patients after treatment with dexamethasone. Methods: Newly diagnosed patients with ITP between Jan 2014 and May 2015 were enrolled, including 14 females and 11 males, with a median age of 57 years and a median PLT count of 16 (0-32) ×10(9)/L. All patients were treated with oral dexamethasone. The expression levels of IDO mRNA and TTS mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ELISA was used to test the concentrations of IDO and TTS in serum. The concentrations of plasma kynurenine and tryptophan were detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Samples from healthy individuals were tested as controls. Results: ①After dexamethasone treatment, 17 patients resulted in persistent remission, 2 cases were ineffective, and relapse occurred in 6 cases at a median follow-up of 11 (6-18) months. ②Before and after dexamethasone treatment, the relative expression of indoleamine2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA and tryptophanyl t-RNA synthetase (TTS) mRNA showed that there were significant decline in persistent remission group (2.54±0.86 vs 19.85±5.36, t=3.188, P=0.003; 0.68±0.19 vs 45.39±15.83, t=2.842, P=0.008) , compared with the normal control group, the difference was not statistically significant (t=2.313, P=0.027; t=1.127, P=0.268) . After treatment, the IDO concentration decreased [ (19.34±0.42) U/ml] and the TTS concentration was markedly increased [ (13.37±0.54) μg/L] in sustained remission group compared with that before treatment [ (21.91±0.37) U/ml] as well as that in normal controls. In particularly, abnormal tryptophan catabolism could be recovered in these 17 patients with persistent remission [Try: (19.85±5.36) μmol/L vs (19.65±4.55) μmol/L, t=1.027, P=0.311; Kyn: (0.56±0.26) μmol/L vs (0.58±0.23) μmol/L, t=2.075, P=0.448]. ③There was no obviously difference in the relative expression of IDO mRNA and TTS mRNA, the concentration of IDO and TTS and the abnormal tryptophan catabolism between before and after treatment of dexamethasone in patients without response and relapsed patients (all P>0.01) . Conclusion: The tryptophan catabolism was abnormal in ITP patients, and it could be recovered in patients with persistent remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Li
- Department of Hematology, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical University, Yantai 264000, China
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13
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Llamas-Velasco M, Bonay P, José Concha-Garzón M, Corvo-Villén L, Vara A, Cibrián D, Sanguino-Pascual A, Sánchez-Madrid F, de la Fuente H, Daudén E. Immune cells from patients with psoriasis are defective in inducing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in response to inflammatory stimuli. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:695-704. [PMID: 27258822 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an inducible enzyme that suppresses the immune response. The role of IDO as a negative regulator of inflammatory responses has been documented in several experimental autoimmune diseases. OBJECTIVES To explore the regulation of IDO by immune cells in psoriasis and its relation with disease severity. METHODS The expression and activity of IDO were assessed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry and high-performance liquid chromatography in peripheral blood of patients with moderate-to-severe plaque-type psoriasis. The ability of immune cells to express IDO in response to inflammatory stimuli was studied. The functional role of IDO expression was evaluated in a regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation assay, using cocultures of immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells with autologous peripheral CD4+ T cells. RESULTS Analysis of the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio in serum samples indicated higher IDO activity in patients with psoriasis than in healthy controls. However, correlation studies showed lower IDO activity in those patients with higher Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Although myeloid dendritic cells from patients with psoriasis expressed higher levels of IDO than those from healthy controls, these cells did not upregulate IDO in response to a combination of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 cytokines. The defective expression of IDO correlated with PASI. Immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells from patients with psoriasis also expressed low levels of IDO and induced CD4+ Treg differentiation poorly. CONCLUSIONS Immune cells from patients with psoriasis have a defect in upregulating IDO in response to inflammation associated with the severity of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Llamas-Velasco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Diego de Leon 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Bonay
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M José Concha-Garzón
- Dermatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Diego de Leon 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Corvo-Villén
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Vara
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Diego de Leon 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Cibrián
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Diego de Leon 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sanguino-Pascual
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Diego de Leon 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Sánchez-Madrid
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Diego de Leon 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - H de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Diego de Leon 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Daudén
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Diego de Leon 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) is a member of a unique class of mammalian haem dioxygenases that catalyse the oxidative catabolism of the least-abundant essential amino acid, L-Trp (L-tryptophan), along the kynurenine pathway. Significant increases in knowledge have been recently gained with respect to understanding the fundamental biochemistry of IDO1 including its catalytic reaction mechanism, the scope of enzyme reactions it catalyses, the biochemical mechanisms controlling IDO1 expression and enzyme activity, and the discovery of enzyme inhibitors. Major advances in understanding the roles of IDO1 in physiology and disease have also been realised. IDO1 is recognised as a prominent immune regulatory enzyme capable of modulating immune cell activation status and phenotype via several molecular mechanisms including enzyme-dependent deprivation of L-Trp and its conversion into the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand kynurenine and other bioactive kynurenine pathway metabolites, or non-enzymatic cell signalling actions involving tyrosine phosphorylation of IDO1. Through these different modes of biochemical signalling, IDO1 regulates certain physiological functions (e.g. pregnancy) and modulates the pathogenesis and severity of diverse conditions including chronic inflammation, infectious disease, allergic and autoimmune disorders, transplantation, neuropathology and cancer. In the present review, we detail the current understanding of IDO1’s catalytic actions and the biochemical mechanisms regulating IDO1 expression and activity. We also discuss the biological functions of IDO1 with a focus on the enzyme's immune-modulatory function, its medical implications in diverse pathological settings and its utility as a therapeutic target.
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Abstract
Fatigue is an important aspect of health-related quality of life from the patient perspective and can have significant socio-economic consequences. It is a common feature of chronic illnesses and a significant number of both adults and children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) suffer from fatigue. Reliable, validated fatigue scales have been developed for use in ITP. These will facilitate future investigation of its pathogenesis and the effectiveness of intervention. Acute inflammation acts on neural and endocrine systems resulting in 'sickness behaviour', an adaptive response to infection and injury. Inflammation is also thought to cause fatigue in chronic disease and immune dysregulation in ITP appears to have a number of pro-inflammatory components. Clinicians should consider fatigue when assessing the burden of disease. Although effective ITP-directed therapy can improve fatigue, a number of fatigue-directed strategies may also need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin A Hill
- Department of Haematology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Adrian C Newland
- Department of Haematology, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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Chen J, Jun L, Shiyong C, Li H, Zhu M, Shen B. Increased TTS expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Med 2014; 15:25-30. [PMID: 24515434 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-014-0274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune system activation is known to be involved in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this work was to study the imbalance expressions of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TTS) with RA patients. Forty-nine RA patients and 49 healthy controls were studied. The expressions of IDO and TTS were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The expression of TTS mRNA increased significantly in RA patients when compared with healthy controls and correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.424, P < 0.01). In addition, we found TTS increased significantly mainly in CD3(+) T cells in rheumatoid arthritis group. Increased TTS expressions from CD3(+) T cells might link to a pathogenic mechanism involved in increasing survival of autoreactive T cells in RA patients. Determination of expressions of TTS may provide a better understanding of progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhang A, Fu J, Ning B, Li D, Sun N, Wei W, Wei J, Ju X. Tolerogenic dendritic cells generated with IL-10/TGFβ1 relieve immune thrombocytopenia in mice. Thromb Res 2013; 132:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Decreased expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 in dendritic cells contributes to impaired regulatory T cell development in immune thrombocytopenia. Ann Hematol 2012; 92:67-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-012-1556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Decreased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in dendritic cells and role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing dendritic cells in immune thrombocytopenia. Ann Hematol 2012; 91:1623-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-012-1451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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