1
|
Parental gambling frequency and adolescent gambling: A cross-sectional path model involving adolescents and parents. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280996. [PMID: 36780466 PMCID: PMC9925005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, most of the research studies in the field of adolescent gambling are focused on individual factors related to problem gambling. The aim of this study was to test an integrated model to explain adolescent problem gambling involving both individual (i.e., correct gambling knowledge, superstitious thinking, and gambling-related cognitive distortions) and environmental factors (i.e., parental gambling frequency). In detail, the aim was to better understand the role of parental gambling behavior on adolescents' gambling frequency and problem gambling severity, to draw indications for prevention. METHODS Participants were 680 parents (36% men; Mage = 48.32, SD = 6.14 years) of 680 high school students (51% boys; Mage = 15.51, SD = .55 years) attending the second year of different high schools in Tuscany (Italy). Data collection occurred within the school prevention program PRIZE (Prevention of gambling risk among adolescents). RESULTS A path model showed was conducted to detect direct and indirect effects from individual and environmental factors to gambling problem severity. Analyses showed that correct gambling knowledge and superstitious thinking were directly related-respectively in a negative and a positive direction-both to gambling-related cognitive distortions and adolescents' gambling frequency. Parental gambling frequency was directly associated with adolescents' gambling frequency. Correct gambling knowledge and superstitious thinking were indirectly related to adolescents' gambling problem severity through the mediational role of gambling-related cognitive distortions and gambling frequency. Parental gambling frequency was indirectly linked to gambling problem severity by passing through adolescents' gambling frequency. CONCLUSIONS The current cross-sectional results confirm that parental gambling behavior has an important role for adolescents' gambling behavior and severity. Thus, results highlight the need for innovative prevention programs which involve adolescents' adult reference figures and integrate the individual risk and protective factors with the environmental ones.
Collapse
|
2
|
Özparlak A, Karakaya D. The associations of cognitive distortions with internet addiction and internet activities in adolescents: A cross‐sectional study. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2022; 35:322-330. [DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Özparlak
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing Akdeniz University Faculty of Nursing Antalya Turkey
| | - Dudu Karakaya
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing Akdeniz University Faculty of Nursing Antalya Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brooks GA, Clark L. Gambling along the schizotypal spectrum: The associations between schizotypal personality, gambling-related cognitions, luck, and problem gambling. J Behav Addict 2022; 11. [PMID: 35594166 PMCID: PMC9295216 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Schizotypal personality (schizotypy) is a cluster of traits in the general population, including alterations in belief formation that may underpin delusional thinking. The psychological processes described by schizotypy could also fuel cognitive distortions in the context of gambling. This study sought to characterize the relationships between schizotypy, gambling-related cognitive distortions, and levels of problem gambling. Methods Analyses were conducted on three groups, a student sample (n = 104) with minimal self-reported gambling involvement, a crowdsourced sample of regular gamblers (via MTurk; n = 277), and an additional crowdsourced sample with a range of gambling involvement (via MTurk; n = 144). Primary measures included the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire - Brief (SPQ-B), the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI-21), the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS), and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Luck was measured with either the Belief in Good Luck Scale (BIGLS) or the Beliefs Around Luck Scale (BALS). Results Small-to-moderate associations were detected between the components of schizotypy, including delusion proneness, and the gambling-related variables. Schizotypy was associated with the general belief in luck and bad luck, but not beliefs in good luck. A series of partial correlations demonstrated that when the GRCS was controlled for, the relationship between schizotypy and problem gambling was attenuated. Conclusions This study demonstrates that schizotypy is a small-to-moderate correlate of erroneous gambling beliefs and PG. These data help characterize clinical comorbidities between the schizotypal spectrum and problem gambling, and point to shared biases relating to belief formation and decision-making under chance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A. Brooks
- Centre for Gambling Research, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Luke Clark
- Centre for Gambling Research, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akçayır M, Nicoll F, Baxter DG, Palmer ZS. Whose Responsibility Is It to Prevent or Reduce Gambling Harm? A Mapping Review of Current Empirical Research. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
5
|
King DL, Russell A, Hing N. Adolescent Land-Based and Internet Gambling: Australian and International Prevalence Rates and Measurement Issues. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
6
|
Sharman S, Butler K, Roberts A. Psychosocial risk factors in disordered gambling: A descriptive systematic overview of vulnerable populations. Addict Behav 2019; 99:106071. [PMID: 31473572 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling is a behaviour engaged in by millions of people worldwide; for some, gambling can become a severely maladaptive behaviour, and previous research has identified a wide range of psychosocial risk factors that can be considered important for the development and maintenance of disordered gambling. Although risk factors have been identified, the homogeneity of risk factors across specific groups thought to be vulnerable to disordered gambling is to date, unexplored. METHODS To address this, the current review sought to conduct a systematic overview of literature relating to seven vulnerable groups: young people and adolescents, older adults, women, veterans, indigenous peoples, prisoners, and low socio-economic/income groups. RESULTS Multiple risk factors associated with disordered gambling were identified; some appeared consistently across most groups, including being male, co-morbid mental and physical health conditions, substance use disorders, accessibility and availability of gambling, form and mode of gambling, and experience of trauma. Further risk factors were identified that were specific to each vulnerable group. CONCLUSION Within the general population, certain groups are more vulnerable to disordered gambling. Although some risk factors are consistent across groups, some risk factors appear to be group specific. It is clear that there is no homogenous pathway in to disordered gambling, and that social, developmental, environmental and demographic characteristics can all interact to influence an individual's relationship with gambling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Sharman
- University of East London School of Psychology, University of East London, Water Lane, Stratford, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin Butler
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Amanda Roberts
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Playing with a Stacked Deck: Literature Review and Case Series of Problem Gambling in Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. J Gambl Stud 2019; 35:987-995. [PMID: 30673928 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Problem gambling (PG) is associated with significant personal and societal loss. These losses may be exacerbated when a person with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), who may not fully appreciate the inherent risks, engages in such behavior. Literature on this particular population is scarce, leaving the scientific community and treatment providers at a loss as to best practices. The present paper reviews three cases that illustrate common challenges faced by people with IDD and PG. Suggestions for effective prevention and treatment efforts are offered. Future directions include development of measures and instruments, with the eventual goal of effective prevention and treatment for this unique population.
Collapse
|
8
|
Theule J, Hurl KE, Cheung K, Ward M, Henrikson B. Exploring the Relationships Between Problem Gambling and ADHD: A Meta-Analysis. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:1427-1437. [PMID: 26832122 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715626512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: At present, there are inconsistencies in the literature pertaining to the association between ADHD and problem gambling. This study utilized meta-analytic techniques to clarify the association between symptoms of problem gambling and symptoms of ADHD. Method: Several meta-analyses were conducted using a random effects model. PsycINFO, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies. Results: The weighted mean correlation between ADHD symptomology and gambling severity was r = .17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.12, 0.22], p < .001. Mean age of the sample was the only moderator to approach significance, with greater age being linked to a stronger relationship between symptoms of ADHD and gambling severity. Conclusion: Clinicians needs to be cognizant of the greater risk of ADHD symptoms when working with problem gamblers and vice versa.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou XL, Goernert PN, Corenblum B. Examining the efficacy of the GameSense gambling prevention programme among university undergraduate students. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1554083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Long Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Barry Corenblum
- Department of Psychology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rémond JJ, Romo L. Analysis of Gambling in the Media Related to Screens: Immersion as a Predictor of Excessive Use? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E58. [PMID: 29301311 PMCID: PMC5800157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the intricacies between the player interface proposed by the screens, (in particular on smartphone applications or in video games) and gambling. Recent research indicates connections between "immersion" and excessive screen practice. We want to understand the causal-effects between online gambling and the "immersion" variable and understand their relationship and its contingencies. This article empirically investigates whether and how it is possible to observe immersion with its sub-dimensions in gambling on different screens. The objective of this study was to analyze: (1) the costs and benefits associated with gambling practice on screens (2) the link between gambling practice and screen practice (video game, Internet, mobile screen); (3) to observe the propensity to immersion for individuals practicing gambling on screens; and (4) to examine the comorbidities and cognitive factors associated with the practice of gambling on screen. A total of 432 adults (212 men, 220 women), recruited from Ile-de-France (France), responded to a battery of questionnaires. Our study suggests that immersion variables make it possible to understand the cognitive participation of individuals towards screens in general, the practice of gambling on screens and the excessive practice of screens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Rémond
- Psychology Department, Laboratory EA CLIPSYD 4430, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France.
| | - Lucia Romo
- Psychology Department, Laboratory EA CLIPSYD 4430, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Decision making, cognitive distortions and emotional distress: A comparison between pathological gamblers and healthy controls. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2017; 54:204-210. [PMID: 27592413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The etiology of problem gambling is multifaceted and complex. Among others factors, poor decision making, cognitive distortions (i.e., irrational beliefs about gambling), and emotional factors (e.g., negative mood states) appear to be among the most important factors in the development and maintenance of problem gambling. Although empirical evidence has suggested that cognitive distortions facilitate gambling and negative emotions are associated with gambling, the interplay between cognitive distortions, emotional states, and decision making in gambling remains unexplored. METHODS Pathological gamblers (N = 54) and healthy controls (N = 54) completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, pathological gamblers showed poorer decision making and reported higher scores on measures assessing cognitive distortions and emotional distress. All measures were positively associated with gambling severity. A significant negative correlation between decision making and cognitive distortions was also observed. No associations were found between poor decision making and emotional distress. Logistic regression analysis indicated that cognitive distortions, emotional distress, and poor decision making were significant predictors of problem gambling. LIMITATIONS The use of self-report measures and the absence of female participants limit the generalizability of the reported findings. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to demonstrate the mutual influence between irrational beliefs and poor decision making, as well as the role of cognitive bias, emotional distress, and poor decision making in gambling disorder.
Collapse
|
12
|
Caler K, Garcia JRV, Nower L. Assessing Problem Gambling: a Review of Classic and Specialized Measures. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-016-0118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
13
|
Geidne S, Fröding K, Larsson M. Gambling among adolescents with and without hearing loss. ASIAN JOURNAL OF GAMBLING ISSUES AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 6:8. [PMID: 27630815 PMCID: PMC4998169 DOI: 10.1186/s40405-016-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This exploratory study investigates the prevalence of gambling, preferred types of gambling, and problem gambling in Swedish young people aged 15-18 years with and without hearing loss. METHODS A cross-sectional health survey was conducted in Örebro County, Sweden in 2014. A standardized questionnaire was distributed to 4888 students, and 4329 filled it. There were 318 (8 %) students with hearing loss. The response rate was 82 %. The 2-item Lie/Bet questionnaire (Johnson et al. in Psychol Rep 80:83-88, 1997) was used for measuring problem gambling. RESULTS More students with hearing loss had gambled during their lifetime (35 %) and in the past year (25 %) than their hearing counterparts (lifetime: 24 %; past-year: 19 %). More students with hearing loss compared to normal hearing students were identified as problem gamblers (7.7 % compared to 4.3 %). CONCLUSION More research is needed on gambling among people with hearing loss as well as other disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Geidne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Karin Fröding
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Madelene Larsson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reliability of Instruments Measuring At-Risk and Problem Gambling Among Young Individuals: A Systematic Review Covering Years 2009-2015. J Adolesc Health 2016; 58:600-15. [PMID: 27151759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to clarify which instruments measuring at-risk and problem gambling (ARPG) among youth are reliable and valid in light of reported estimates of internal consistency, classification accuracy, and psychometric properties. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, and PsycInfo covering the years 2009-2015. In total, 50 original research articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria: target age under 29 years, using an instrument designed for youth, and reporting a reliability estimate. Articles were evaluated with the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. Reliability estimates were reported for five ARPG instruments. Most studies (66%) evaluated the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents. The Gambling Addictive Behavior Scale for Adolescents was the only novel instrument. In general, the evaluation of instrument reliability was superficial. Despite its rare use, the Canadian Adolescent Gambling Inventory (CAGI) had a strong theoretical and methodological base. The Gambling Addictive Behavior Scale for Adolescents and the CAGI were the only instruments originally developed for youth. All studies, except the CAGI study, were population based. ARPG instruments for youth have not been rigorously evaluated yet. Further research is needed especially concerning instruments designed for clinical use.
Collapse
|
15
|
|