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Naware D, Benson R. Patterns of variation in fleshy diaspore size and abundance from Late Triassic-Oligocene. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:430-457. [PMID: 38081480 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Vertebrate-mediated seed dispersal is a common attribute of many living plants, and variation in the size and abundance of fleshy diaspores is influenced by regional climate and by the nature of vertebrate seed dispersers among present-day floras. However, potential drivers of large-scale variation in the abundance and size distributions of fleshy diaspores through geological time, and the importance of geographic variation, are incompletely known. This knowledge gap is important because fleshy diaspores are a key mechanism of energy transfer from photosynthesis to animals and may in part explain the diversification of major groups within birds and mammals. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain variation in the abundance and size distribution of fleshy diaspores through time, including plant-frugivore co-evolution, angiosperm diversification, and changes in vegetational structure and climate. We present a new data set of more than 800 georeferenced fossil diaspore occurrences spanning the Triassic-Oligocene, across low to mid- to high palaeolatitudes. We use this to quantify patterns of long-term change in fleshy diaspores, examining the timing and geographical context of important shifts as a test of the potential evolutionary and climatic explanations. We find that the fleshy fruit sizes of angiosperms increased for much of the Cretaceous, during the early diversification of angiosperms from herbaceous ancestors with small fruits. Nevertheless, this did not cause a substantial net change in the fleshy diaspore size distributions across seed plants, because gymnosperms had achieved a similar size distribution by at least the Late Triassic. Furthermore, gymnosperm-dominated Mesozoic ecosystems were mostly open, and harboured low proportions of specialised frugivores until the latest Cretaceous, suggesting that changes in vegetation structure and plant-frugivore co-evolution were probably not important drivers of fleshy diaspore size distributions over long timescales. Instead, fleshy diaspore size distributions may be largely constrained by physical or life-history limits that are shared among groups and diversify as a plant group expands into different growth forms/sizes, habitats, and climate regimes. Mesozoic gymnosperm floras had a low abundance of fleshy diaspores (<50% fleshy diaspore taxa), that was surpassed by some low-latitude angiosperm floras in the Cretaceous. Eocene angiosperm floras show a mid- to high latitude peak in fleshy fruit abundance, with very high proportions of fleshy fruits that even exceed those seen at low latitudes both in the Eocene and today. Mid- to high latitude proportions of fleshy fruits declined substantially over the Eocene-Oligocene transition, resulting in a shift to more modern-like geographic distributions with the highest proportion of fleshy fruits occurring in low-latitude tropical assemblages. This shift was coincident with global cooling and the onset of Southern Hemisphere glaciation, suggesting that rapid cooling at mid- and high latitudes caused a decrease in availability of the climate conditions most favourable for fleshy fruits in angiosperms. Future research could be focused on examining the environmental niches of modern fleshy fruits, and the potential effects of climate change on fleshy fruit and frugivore diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duhita Naware
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Roger Benson
- American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024-5102, USA
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2
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Foley NM, Mason VC, Harris AJ, Bredemeyer KR, Damas J, Lewin HA, Eizirik E, Gatesy J, Karlsson EK, Lindblad-Toh K, Springer MS, Murphy WJ, Andrews G, Armstrong JC, Bianchi M, Birren BW, Bredemeyer KR, Breit AM, Christmas MJ, Clawson H, Damas J, Di Palma F, Diekhans M, Dong MX, Eizirik E, Fan K, Fanter C, Foley NM, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Garcia CJ, Gatesy J, Gazal S, Genereux DP, Goodman L, Grimshaw J, Halsey MK, Harris AJ, Hickey G, Hiller M, Hindle AG, Hubley RM, Hughes GM, Johnson J, Juan D, Kaplow IM, Karlsson EK, Keough KC, Kirilenko B, Koepfli KP, Korstian JM, Kowalczyk A, Kozyrev SV, Lawler AJ, Lawless C, Lehmann T, Levesque DL, Lewin HA, Li X, Lind A, Lindblad-Toh K, Mackay-Smith A, Marinescu VD, Marques-Bonet T, Mason VC, Meadows JRS, Meyer WK, Moore JE, Moreira LR, Moreno-Santillan DD, Morrill KM, Muntané G, Murphy WJ, Navarro A, Nweeia M, Ortmann S, Osmanski A, Paten B, Paulat NS, Pfenning AR, Phan BN, Pollard KS, Pratt HE, Ray DA, Reilly SK, Rosen JR, Ruf I, Ryan L, Ryder OA, Sabeti PC, Schäffer DE, Serres A, Shapiro B, Smit AFA, Springer M, Srinivasan C, Steiner C, Storer JM, Sullivan KAM, Sullivan PF, Sundström E, Supple MA, Swofford R, Talbot JE, Teeling E, Turner-Maier J, Valenzuela A, Wagner F, Wallerman O, Wang C, Wang J, Weng Z, Wilder AP, Wirthlin ME, Xue JR, Zhang X. A genomic timescale for placental mammal evolution. Science 2023; 380:eabl8189. [PMID: 37104581 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl8189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The precise pattern and timing of speciation events that gave rise to all living placental mammals remain controversial. We provide a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of genetic variation across an alignment of 241 placental mammal genome assemblies, addressing prior concerns regarding limited genomic sampling across species. We compared neutral genome-wide phylogenomic signals using concatenation and coalescent-based approaches, interrogated phylogenetic variation across chromosomes, and analyzed extensive catalogs of structural variants. Interordinal relationships exhibit relatively low rates of phylogenomic conflict across diverse datasets and analytical methods. Conversely, X-chromosome versus autosome conflicts characterize multiple independent clades that radiated during the Cenozoic. Genomic time trees reveal an accumulation of cladogenic events before and immediately after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary, implying important roles for Cretaceous continental vicariance and the K-Pg extinction in the placental radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Foley
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Victor C Mason
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Harris
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kevin R Bredemeyer
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joana Damas
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Harris A Lewin
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Eizirik
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - John Gatesy
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachussetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark S Springer
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Anatomy and phylogeny of a new small macraucheniid (Mammalia: Litopterna) from the Bahía Inglesa Formation (late Miocene), Atacama Region, Northern Chile. J MAMM EVOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-022-09646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWe describe a new macraucheniine macraucheniid, Micrauchenia saladensis gen. et sp. nov., from the late Miocene (Huayquerian SALMA). This is the first litoptern from Bahía Inglesa Formation, Chile. The specimen includes a partial mandible, cervical and thoracic vertebrae fragments, and portions of the forelimbs (a scapula fragment, an ulna-radius fragment, seven carpals, three metapodials, two proximal phalanges and four intermediate phalanges). The postcranial anatomy of Micrauchenia saladensis is consistent with terrestrial and cursorial locomotion, which suggests an allochthonous position of this specimen within the marine Bahía Inglesa Formation. The fusion of the ulna and radius and the presence of a radial aliform expansion align Micrauchenia with other macraucheniines, with which it shares these features. We interpret the fusion of the ulna and radius as a cursorial specialization and the aliform expansion as an adaptation for strong flexion movements and to resist higher transverse stresses during locomotion. In addition, Micrauchenia saladensis is the smallest member of the subfamily Macraucheniinae. To test the systematics and phylogenetics of this specimen, we expanded previous morphological matrices of macraucheniids by adding one dental and eight postcranial characters and scoring Micrauchenia saladensis. We performed maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, the latter applied for the first time to macraucheniid phylogeny. Our analyses confirm Micrauchenia saladensis as a member of the subfamily Macraucheniinae, although with uncertain affinities within this subfamily.
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First monotreme from the Late Cretaceous of South America. Commun Biol 2023; 6:146. [PMID: 36797304 PMCID: PMC9935847 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Monotremata is a clade of egg-lying mammals, represented by the living platypus and echidnas, which is endemic to Australia, and adjacent islands. Occurrence of basal monotremes in the Early Cretaceous of Australia has led to the consensus that this clade originated on that continent, arriving later to South America. Here we report on the discovery of a Late Cretaceous monotreme from southern Argentina, demonstrating that monotremes were present in circumpolar regions by the end of the Mesozoic, and that their distinctive anatomical features were probably present in these ancient forms as well.
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Fernández M, Zimicz AN, Bond M, Chornogubsky L, Muñoz NA, Fernicola JC. First Pyrotheria (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation (middle Eocene–early Oligocene) at Los Cardones National Park, northwestern Argentina. J MAMM EVOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-023-09649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Beck RM, Voss RS, Jansa SA. Craniodental Morphology and Phylogeny of Marsupials. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2022. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M.D. Beck
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford, U.K. School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, Australia Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History
| | - Robert S. Voss
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History
| | - Sharon A. Jansa
- Bell Museum and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota
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New Remains of Scandiavis mikkelseni Inform Avian Phylogenetic Relationships and Brain Evolution. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13120651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although an increasing number of studies are combining skeletal and neural morphology data in a phylogenetic context, most studies do not include extinct taxa due to the rarity of preserved endocasts. The early Eocene avifauna of the Fur Formation of Denmark presents an excellent opportunity for further study of extinct osteological and endocranial morphology as fossils are often exceptionally preserved in three dimensions. Here, we use X-ray computed tomography to present additional material of the previously described taxon Scandiavis mikkelseni and reassess its phylogenetic placement using a previously published dataset. The new specimen provides novel insights into the osteological morphology and brain anatomy of Scandiavis. The virtual endocast exhibits a morphology comparable to that of modern avian species. Endocranial evaluation shows that it was remarkably similar to that of certain extant Charadriiformes, yet also possessed a novel combination of traits. This may mean that traits previously proposed to be the result of shifts in ecology later in the evolutionary history of Charadriiformes may instead show a more complex distribution in stem Charadriiformes and/or Gruiformes depending on the interrelationships of these important clades. Evaluation of skeletal and endocranial character state changes within a previously published phylogeny confirms both S. mikkelseni and a putative extinct charadriiform, Nahmavis grandei, as charadriiform. Results bolster the likelihood that both taxa are critical fossils for divergence dating and highlight a biogeographic pattern similar to that of Gruiformes.
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8
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Almeida FC, Porzecanski AL, Cracraft JL, Bertelli S. The evolution of tinamous (Palaeognathae: Tinamidae) in light of molecular and combined analyses. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Neotropical tinamous are of particular interest in our efforts to understand the evolution of modern birds. They inhabit both forested and open environments and, although volant, have limited flight capabilities. Numerous studies have recognized the monophyly of tinamous and their relationships either as sister to the flightless ratites (ostriches, emus and their relatives) or within the ratites themselves. Despite the numerous bird phylogenies published recently, modern investigations of relationships within the tinamous themselves have been limited. Here, we present the first detailed phylogenetic analysis and divergence-date estimation including a significant number of tinamou species, both extant and fossil. The monophyly of most currently recognized polytypic genera is recovered with high support, with the exception of the paraphyletic Nothura and Nothoprocta. The traditional subdivision between those tinamous inhabiting open areas (Nothurinae) and forest environments (Tinaminae) is also confirmed. A temporal calibration of the resultant phylogeny estimates that the basal divergence of crown Tinamidae took place between 31 and 40 Mya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca C Almeida
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)/ Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana L Porzecanski
- American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024-5102, USA
| | - Joel L Cracraft
- American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024-5102, USA
| | - Sara Bertelli
- American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024-5102, USA
- Fundación Miguel Lillo (FML), Miguel Lillo 251, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (UEL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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9
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Abello MA, Martin GM, Cardoso Y. Review of the extinct ‘shrew-opossums’ (Marsupialia: Caenolestidae), with descriptions of two new genera and three new species from the Early Miocene of southern South America. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We present a systematic review of the extinct species included in the family Caenolestidae, one of the few South American metatherian groups that has survived to the present. We perform a cladistic analysis based on a data matrix consisting of all extant and extinct species that have been referred to this family, 100 morphological characters and two sets of molecular data (cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase I). Morphological and molecular data were analysed separately and in combination, under maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. As a result, caenolestids are recovered as a monophyletic group within which we formally recognize three new taxa: Caenolestoides miocaenicus gen. & sp. nov., Gaimanlestes pascuali gen. & sp. nov. and Stilotherium parvum sp. nov. from the Early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Stilotherium is the earliest diverging lineage of caenolestids followed by Gaimanlestes, while C. miocaenicus was recovered as the extinct species most closely related to extant caenolestids.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Abello
- Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva (LASBE), Unidades de investigación Anexo Museo, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (UNLP). La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gabriel M Martin
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET – UNPSJB, Roca, y Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad (LIEB), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, UNPSJB, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Yamila Cardoso
- Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva (LASBE), Unidades de investigación Anexo Museo, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (UNLP). La Plata, Argentina
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10
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Castro MC, Dahur MJ, Ferreira GS. Amazonia as the Origin and Diversification Area of Didelphidae (Mammalia: Metatheria), and a Review of the Fossil Record of the Clade. J MAMM EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-021-09548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDidelphidae is the largest New World radiation of marsupials, and is mostly represented by arboreal, small- to medium-sized taxa that inhabit tropical and/or subtropical forests. The group originated and remained isolated in South America for millions of years, until the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. In this study, we present the first reconstruction of the biogeographic history of Didelphidae including all major clades, based on parametric models and stratified analyses over time. We also compiled all the pre-Quaternary fossil records of the group, and contrasted these data to our biogeographic inferences, as well as to major environmental events that occurred in the South American Cenozoic. Our results indicate the relevance of Amazonia in the early diversification of Didelphidae, including the divergence of the major clades traditionally ranked as subfamilies and tribes. Cladogeneses in other areas started in the late Miocene, an interval of intense shifts, especially in the northern portion of Andes and Amazon Basin. Occupation of other areas continued through the Pliocene, but few were only colonized in Quaternary times. The comparison between the biogeographic inference and the fossil records highlights some further steps towards better understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of the clade. Finally, our results stress that the early history of didelphids is obscured by the lack of Paleogene fossils, which are still to be unearthed from low-latitude deposits of South America.
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The Early Eocene Climatic Optimum at the Lower Section of the Lumbrera Formation (Ypresian, Salta Province, Northwestern Argentina): Origin and Early Diversification of the Cingulata. J MAMM EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-021-09545-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Fernández DA, Palazzesi L, González Estebenet MS, Tellería MC, Barreda VD. Impact of mid Eocene greenhouse warming on America's southernmost floras. Commun Biol 2021; 4:176. [PMID: 33564110 PMCID: PMC7873257 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A major climate shift took place about 40 Myr ago—the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum or MECO—triggered by a significant rise of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The biotic response to this MECO is well documented in the marine realm, but poorly explored in adjacent landmasses. Here, we quantify the response of the floras from America’s southernmost latitudes based on the analysis of terrestrially derived spores and pollen grains from the mid-late Eocene (~46–34 Myr) of southern Patagonia. Robust nonparametric estimators indicate that floras in southern Patagonia were in average ~40% more diverse during the MECO than pre-MECO and post-MECO intervals. The high atmospheric CO2 and increasing temperatures may have favored the combination of neotropical migrants with Gondwanan species, explaining in part the high diversity that we observed during the MECO. Our reconstructed biota reflects a greenhouse world and offers a climatic and ecological deep time scenario of an ice-free sub-Antarctic realm. Reconstructed floras from southernmost South America during the Middle Eocene Climate Optimum show the impact of this warming event on floral diversity. This reconstructed biota reflects a greenhouse world and offers a climatic and ecological deep time scenario of a sub-Antarctic region in the absence of ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián A Fernández
- Laboratorio de Geomorfología y Cuaternario, CADIC, Ushuaia, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Palazzesi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Sección Paleopalinología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Sol González Estebenet
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Geológico del Sur (INGEOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Geología, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - M Cristina Tellería
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva, Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Viviana D Barreda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Sección Paleopalinología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Chornogubsky L. Interrelationships of Polydolopidae (Mammalia: Marsupialia) from South America and Antarctica. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Polydolopidae is a family of Palaeogene marsupials recorded from outcrops in southern South America and the Antarctic Peninsula. They are mostly represented by skull fragments or maxillary, dentary and molar remains. A taxonomic and systematic revision is carried out with the inclusion of a phylogenetic analysis encompassing almost every polydolopid species and five marsupial species found to be related to them in previous analyses (Bonapartherium hinakusijum, Epidolops ameghinoi, Microbiotherium tehuelchum, Prepidolops didelphoides and Roberthoffstetteria nationalgeographica). The Polydolopidae was recovered as a monophyletic group, even though no resolution about its sister-group can be found. The following genera are recovered: Antarctodolops, Amphidolops, Archaeodolops, Eudolops, Hypodolops gen. nov., Kramadolops, Pliodolops, Pseudolops and two unidentified genera (Gen. et sp. indet 1 and 2). One genus and three new species are recognized. The family appeared at the beginning of the Palaeocene and disappeared during the Early Oligocene. The extinction of the group could be related to climatic deterioration in the Early Oligocene, when temperature and the humidity dropped, provoking desertification in the region where Polydolopids evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chornogubsky
- CONICET, Sección Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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New record of Mastotermitidae from Fonseca Basin, Eocene-Oligocene boundary of southeastern Brazil. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Cracraft J, Ribas CC, d’Horta FM, Bates J, Almeida RP, Aleixo A, Boubli JP, Campbell KE, Cruz FW, Ferreira M, Fritz SC, Grohmann CH, Latrubesse EM, Lohmann LG, Musher LJ, Nogueira A, Sawakuchi AO, Baker P. The Origin and Evolution of Amazonian Species Diversity. NEOTROPICAL DIVERSIFICATION: PATTERNS AND PROCESSES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31167-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Álvarez A, Ercoli MD, Verzi DH. Integration and diversity of the caviomorph mandible (Rodentia: Hystricomorpha): assessing the evolutionary history through fossils and ancestral shape reconstructions. Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCaviomorph rodents constitute a highly diverse clade of Neotropical mammals. They are recorded since at least the late Middle Eocene and have a long and complex evolutionary history. Using geometric morphometric data, we analysed the variation in mandibular shape of this clade through integration analyses, allometry and shape optimizations onto a phylogenetic tree of 104 extant and extinct species. The analyses of shape variation revealed a strong influence of phylogenetic structure and life habits. A remarkable allometric effect was observed for specific mandibular traits. Morphological changes occurring in the alveolar and muscular functional units were moderately associated. Interestingly, the coordinated evolution of these two functional units was decoupled in the clade of extant abrocomids. A sequential and nearly synchronic acquisition of convergent traits has occurred in chinchillids and derived cavioids since at least the early Middle Oligocene, probably derived from grass-feeding habits or similar adaptations to other abrasive items. Convergences between fossorial taxa evolved in two main events through the Oligocene and middle Late Miocene. Morphological analysis of the fossil representatives allowed a better understanding of the timing of trait acquisitions during the evolutionary history of caviomorphs and its relationship with global and regional palaeoenvironmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Álvarez
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, CONICET, IdGyM, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Marcos D Ercoli
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, CONICET, IdGyM, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Diego H Verzi
- Sección Mastozoología, Museo de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Grossnickle DM, Smith SM, Wilson GP. Untangling the Multiple Ecological Radiations of Early Mammals. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:936-949. [PMID: 31229335 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ecological diversification of early mammals is one of the most globally transformative events in Earth's history and the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution (KTR) and end-Cretaceous mass extinction are commonly hailed as catalysts. However, a confounding issue when examining this diversification is that it comprised nested radiations of mammalian subclades within the broader scope of mammalian evolution. In the past 200 million years, various independent groups experienced large-scale radiations, each involving ecological diversification from ancestral lineages of small insectivores; examples include Jurassic mammaliaforms, Late Cretaceous metatherians, and Cenozoic placentals. Here, we review these ecological radiations, highlighting the nuanced complexity of early mammal evolution, the value of ecomorphological fossil data, and the importance of phylogenetic context in macroevolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie M Smith
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory P Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Babot MJ, Rougier GW, García-Lopez D, Davis BM. New Small Bunodont Metatherian from the Late Eocene of the Argentinean Puna. J MAMM EVOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-019-09468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Eldridge MDB, Beck RMD, Croft DA, Travouillon KJ, Fox BJ. An emerging consensus in the evolution, phylogeny, and systematics of marsupials and their fossil relatives (Metatheria). J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D B Eldridge
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robin M D Beck
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Darin A Croft
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Barry J Fox
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Evolutionary and Functional Implications of Incisor Enamel Microstructure Diversity in Notoungulata (Placentalia, Mammalia). J MAMM EVOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-019-09462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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CARNEIRO LEONARDOM. A new protodidelphid (Mammalia, Marsupialia, Didelphimorphia) from the Itaboraí Basin and its implications for the evolution of the Protodidelphidae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 91Suppl 2:e20180440. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820180440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LEONARDO M. CARNEIRO
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Paleontologia e Paleoecologia da Sociedade de História Natural, Portugal
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22
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Engelman RK, Flynn JJ, Gans P, Wyss AR, Croft DA. Chlorocyon phantasma, a Late Eocene Borhyaenoid (Mammalia: Metatheria: Sparassodonta) from the Los Helados Locality, Andean Main Range, Central Chile. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1206/3918.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John J. Flynn
- Division of Paleontology and Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York
| | - Philip Gans
- Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - André R. Wyss
- Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Darin A. Croft
- Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Australogale leptognathus, gen. et sp. nov., a Second Species of Small Sparassodont (Mammalia: Metatheria) from the Middle Miocene Locality of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia. J MAMM EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-018-9443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Reigitherium (Meridiolestida, Mesungulatoidea) an Enigmatic Late Cretaceous Mammal from Patagonia, Argentina: Morphology, Affinities, and Dental Evolution. J MAMM EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-018-9437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Gaudry MJ, Jastroch M, Treberg JR, Hofreiter M, Paijmans JLA, Starrett J, Wales N, Signore AV, Springer MS, Campbell KL. Inactivation of thermogenic UCP1 as a historical contingency in multiple placental mammal clades. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602878. [PMID: 28706989 PMCID: PMC5507634 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is essential for nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and is widely accepted to have played a key thermoregulatory role in small-bodied and neonatal placental mammals that enabled the exploitation of cold environments. We map ucp1 sequences from 133 mammals onto a species tree constructed from a ~51-kb sequence alignment and show that inactivating mutations have occurred in at least 8 of the 18 traditional placental orders, thereby challenging the physiological importance of UCP1 across Placentalia. Selection and timetree analyses further reveal that ucp1 inactivations temporally correspond with strong secondary reductions in metabolic intensity in xenarthrans and pangolins, or in six other lineages coincided with a ~30 million-year episode of global cooling in the Paleogene that promoted sharp increases in body mass and cladogenesis evident in the fossil record. Our findings also demonstrate that members of various lineages (for example, cetaceans, horses, woolly mammoths, Steller's sea cows) evolved extreme cold hardiness in the absence of UCP1-mediated thermogenesis. Finally, we identify ucp1 inactivation as a historical contingency that is linked to the current low species diversity of clades lacking functional UCP1, thus providing the first evidence for species selection related to the presence or absence of a single gene product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Gaudry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Parkring 13, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jason R. Treberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - James Starrett
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nathan Wales
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anthony V. Signore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mark S. Springer
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kevin L. Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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Gelfo JN. The Age of Mammals in South America. J MAMM EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-017-9394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Pound MJ, Salzmann U. Heterogeneity in global vegetation and terrestrial climate change during the late Eocene to early Oligocene transition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43386. [PMID: 28233862 PMCID: PMC5324063 DOI: 10.1038/srep43386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid global cooling at the Eocene – Oligocene Transition (EOT), ~33.9–33.5 Ma, is widely considered to mark the onset of the modern icehouse world. A large and rapid drop in atmospheric pCO2 has been proposed as the driving force behind extinctions in the marine realm and glaciation on Antarctica. However, the global terrestrial response to this cooling is uncertain. Here we present the first global vegetation and terrestrial temperature reconstructions for the EOT. Using an extensive palynological dataset, that has been statistically grouped into palaeo-biomes, we show a more transitional nature of terrestrial climate change by indicating a spatial and temporal heterogeneity of vegetation change at the EOT in both hemispheres. The reconstructed terrestrial temperatures show for many regions a cooling that started well before the EOT and continued into the Early Oligocene. We conclude that the heterogeneous pattern of global vegetation change has been controlled by a combination of multiple forcings, such as tectonics, sea-level fall and long-term decline in greenhouse gas concentrations during the late Eocene to early Oligocene, and does not represent a single response to a rapid decline in atmospheric pCO2 at the EOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Pound
- Department of Geography, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Ulrich Salzmann
- Department of Geography, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
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Beck RMD. The Skull of Epidolops ameghinoi from the Early Eocene Itaboraí Fauna, Southeastern Brazil, and the Affinities of the Extinct Marsupialiform Order Polydolopimorphia. J MAMM EVOL 2016; 24:373-414. [PMID: 29187780 PMCID: PMC5684316 DOI: 10.1007/s10914-016-9357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The skull of the polydolopimorphian marsupialiform Epidolops ameghinoi is described in detail for the first time, based on a single well-preserved cranium and associated left and right dentaries plus additional craniodental fragments, all from the early Eocene (53–50 million year old) Itaboraí fauna in southeastern Brazil. Notable craniodental features of E. ameghinoi include absence of a masseteric process, very small maxillopalatine fenestrae, a prominent pterygoid fossa enclosed laterally by a prominent ectopterygoid crest, an absent or tiny transverse canal foramen, a simple, planar glenoid fossa, and a postglenoid foramen that is immediately posterior to the postglenoid process. Most strikingly, the floor of the hypotympanic sinus was apparently unossified, a feature found in several stem marsupials but absent in all known crown marsupials. “Type II” marsupialiform petrosals previously described from Itaboraí plausibly belong to E. ameghinoi; in published phylogenetic analyses, these petrosals fell outside (crown-clade) Marsupialia. “IMG VII” tarsals previously referred to E. ameghinoi do not share obvious synapomorphies with any crown marsupial clade, nor do they resemble those of the only other putative polydolopimorphians represented by tarsal remains, namely the argyrolagids. Most studies have placed Polydolopimorphia within Marsupialia, related to either Paucituberculata, or to Microbiotheria and Diprotodontia. However, diprotodonty almost certainly evolved independently in polydolopimorphians, paucituberculatans and diprotodontians, and Epidolops does not share obvious synapomorphies with any marsupial order. Epidolops is dentally specialized, but several morphological features appear to be more plesiomorphic than any crown marsupial. It seems likely Epidolops that falls outside Marsupialia, as do morphologically similar forms such as Bonapartherium and polydolopids. Argyrolagids differ markedly in their known morphology from Epidolops but share some potential apomorphies with paucituberculatans. It is proposed that Polydolopimorphia as currently recognised is polyphyletic, and that argyrolagids (and possibly other taxa currently included in Argyrolagoidea, such as groeberiids and patagoniids) are members of Paucituberculata. This hypothesis is supported by Bayesian non-clock phylogenetic analyses of a total evidence matrix comprising DNA sequence data from five nuclear protein-coding genes, indels, retroposon insertions, and morphological characters: Epidolops falls outside Marsupialia, whereas argyrolagids form a clade with the paucituberculatans Caenolestes and Palaeothentes, regardless of whether the Type II petrosals and IMG VII tarsals are used to score characters for Epidolops or not. There is no clear evidence for the presence of crown marsupials at Itaboraí, and it is possible that the origin and early evolution of Marsupialia was restricted to the “Austral Kingdom” (southern South America, Antarctica, and Australia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. D. Beck
- School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, M5 4WT, Manchester, UK
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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31
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Springer MS, Emerling CA, Meredith RW, Janečka JE, Eizirik E, Murphy WJ. Waking the undead: Implications of a soft explosive model for the timing of placental mammal diversification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 106:86-102. [PMID: 27659724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The explosive, long fuse, and short fuse models represent competing hypotheses for the timing of placental mammal diversification. Support for the explosive model, which posits both interordinal and intraordinal diversification after the KPg mass extinction, derives from morphological cladistic studies that place Cretaceous eutherians outside of crown Placentalia. By contrast, most molecular studies favor the long fuse model wherein interordinal cladogenesis occurred in the Cretaceous followed by intraordinal cladogenesis after the KPg boundary. Phillips (2016) proposed a soft explosive model that allows for the emergence of a few lineages (Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Euarchontoglires, Laurasiatheria) in the Cretaceous, but otherwise agrees with the explosive model in positing the majority of interordinal diversification after the KPg mass extinction. Phillips (2016) argues that rate transference errors associated with large body size and long lifespan have inflated previous estimates of interordinal divergence times, and further suggests that most interordinal divergences are positioned after the KPg boundary when rate transference errors are avoided through the elimination of calibrations in large-bodied and/or long lifespan clades. Here, we show that rate transference errors can also occur in the opposite direction and drag forward estimated divergence dates when calibrations in large-bodied/long lifespan clades are omitted. This dragging forward effect results in the occurrence of more than half a billion years of 'zombie lineages' on Phillips' preferred timetree. By contrast with ghost lineages, which are a logical byproduct of an incomplete fossil record, zombie lineages occur when estimated divergence dates are younger than the minimum age of the oldest crown fossils. We also present the results of new timetree analyses that address the rate transference problem highlighted by Phillips (2016) by deleting taxa that exceed thresholds for body size and lifespan. These analyses recover all interordinal divergence times in the Cretaceous and are consistent with the long fuse model of placental diversification. Finally, we outline potential problems with morphological cladistic analyses of higher-level relationships among placental mammals that may account for the perceived discrepancies between molecular and paleontological estimates of placental divergence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Springer
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | | | - Robert W Meredith
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Jan E Janečka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Eduardo Eizirik
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Mitchell KJ, Scanferla A, Soibelzon E, Bonini R, Ochoa J, Cooper A. Ancient DNA from the extinct South American giant glyptodontDoedicurussp. (Xenarthra: Glyptodontidae) reveals that glyptodonts evolved from Eocene armadillos. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3499-508. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J. Mitchell
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA; School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Agustin Scanferla
- CONICET-Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO); 9 de Julio No 14 (A4405BBB); Rosario de Lerma Salta, Argentina
| | - Esteban Soibelzon
- Division Paleontologıa de Vertebrados; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (UNLP), CONICET; Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Bonini
- Division Paleontologıa de Vertebrados; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (UNLP), CONICET; Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Javier Ochoa
- Museo Arqueológico e Histórico Regional ‘Florentino Ameghino’; Int De Buono y San Pedro, Río Tercero Córdoba X5850, Argentina
| | - Alan Cooper
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA; School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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Antoine PO, Salas-Gismondi R, Pujos F, Ganerød M, Marivaux L. Western Amazonia as a Hotspot of Mammalian Biodiversity Throughout the Cenozoic. J MAMM EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-016-9333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Delsuc F, Gibb GC, Kuch M, Billet G, Hautier L, Southon J, Rouillard JM, Fernicola JC, Vizcaíno SF, MacPhee RD, Poinar HN. The phylogenetic affinities of the extinct glyptodonts. Curr Biol 2016; 26:R155-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Claramunt S, Cracraft J. A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1501005. [PMID: 26824065 PMCID: PMC4730849 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Determining the timing of diversification of modern birds has been difficult. We combined DNA sequences of clock-like genes for most avian families with 130 fossil birds to generate a new time tree for Neornithes and investigated their biogeographic and diversification dynamics. We found that the most recent common ancestor of modern birds inhabited South America around 95 million years ago, but it was not until the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition (66 million years ago) that Neornithes began to diversify rapidly around the world. Birds used two main dispersion routes: reaching the Old World through North America, and reaching Australia and Zealandia through Antarctica. Net diversification rates increased during periods of global cooling, suggesting that fragmentation of tropical biomes stimulated speciation. Thus, we found pervasive evidence that avian evolution has been influenced by plate tectonics and environmental change, two basic features of Earth's dynamics.
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Hyperspecialization in Some South American Endemic Ungulates Revealed by Long Bone Microstructure. J MAMM EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-015-9312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Contrasting Phylogenetic and Diversity Patterns in Octodontoid Rodents and a New Definition of the Family Abrocomidae. J MAMM EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-015-9301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Góis F, González Ruiz LR, Scillato-Yané GJ, Soibelzon E. A Peculiar New Pampatheriidae (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Cingulata) from the Pleistocene of Argentina and Comments on Pampatheriidae Diversity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128296. [PMID: 26083486 PMCID: PMC4470999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pampatheriidae are a group of cingulates native to South American that are known from the middle Miocene to the lower Holocene. Two genera have been recognized between the lower Pleistocene and the lower Holocene: Pampatherium Gervais and Ameghino (Ensenadan, Bonaerian and Lujanian, lower Pleistocene-lower Holocene) and Holmesina Simpson (Blancan, Irvingtonian, upper Pliocene-lower Holocene). They have been mainly differentiated by their osteoderm morphology and cranio-dental characters. These taxa had a wide latitudinal distribution, extending from the southern part of South America (Península Valdés, Argentina) to North America (Florida, USA). In this contribution, we describe a new genus and species of Pampatheriidae for the lower and middle Pleistocene of Buenos Aires Province and for the upper Pleistocene of Santa Fe Province (Argentina).The new taxon is represented by disarticulated osteoderms, one skull element, two thoracic vertebrae and a right femur and patella. It has extremely complex osteoderm ornamentations and particular morphological characters of the cranial element and femur that are not found in any other species of the family. This new taxon, recorded in the lower-middle Pleistocene (Ensenadan Stage/Age) and in the upper Pleistocene-early Holocene (Lujanian Stage/Age), is incorporated to the Pleistocene mammal assemblage of South America. Finally, the Pampatheriidae diversity is greater during the Lujanian Stage/Age than the Ensenadan Stage/Age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Góis
- Laboratorio de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción (CICYTTP–CONICET), Materi y España, 3105 Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rivadavia, 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laureano Raúl González Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad (LIEB), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ‘San Juan Bosco’ sede Esquel (UNPSJB), Ruta Nacional 259, km 16.5, 9200, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
- CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rivadavia, 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Juan Scillato-Yané
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, s/n, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rivadavia, 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Soibelzon
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, s/n, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rivadavia, 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Williamson TE, Brusatte SL, Wilson GP. The origin and early evolution of metatherian mammals: the Cretaceous record. Zookeys 2014:1-76. [PMID: 25589872 PMCID: PMC4284630 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.465.8178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metatherians, which comprise marsupials and their closest fossil relatives, were one of the most dominant clades of mammals during the Cretaceous and are the most diverse clade of living mammals after Placentalia. Our understanding of this group has increased greatly over the past 20 years, with the discovery of new specimens and the application of new analytical tools. Here we provide a review of the phylogenetic relationships of metatherians with respect to other mammals, discuss the taxonomic definition and diagnosis of Metatheria, outline the Cretaceous history of major metatherian clades, describe the paleobiology, biogeography, and macroevolution of Cretaceous metatherians, and provide a physical and climatic background of Cretaceous metatherian faunas. Metatherians are a clade of boreosphendian mammals that must have originated by the Late Jurassic, but the first unequivocal metatherian fossil is from the Early Cretaceous of Asia. Metatherians have the distinctive tightly interlocking occlusal molar pattern of tribosphenic mammals, but differ from Eutheria in their dental formula and tooth replacement pattern, which may be related to the metatherian reproductive process which includes an extended period of lactation followed by birth of extremely altricial young. Metatherians were widespread over Laurasia during the Cretaceous, with members present in Asia, Europe, and North America by the early Late Cretaceous. In particular, they were taxonomically and morphologically diverse and relatively abundant in the Late Cretaceous of western North America, where they have been used to examine patterns of biogeography, macroevolution, diversification, and extinction through the Late Cretaceous and across the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. Metatherian diversification patterns suggest that they were not strongly affected by a Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, but they clearly underwent a severe extinction across the K-Pg boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Williamson
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1801 Mountain Road, NW, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104-1375, USA
| | | | - Gregory P Wilson
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, 24 Kincaid Hall, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800, USA
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Faivovich J, Nicoli L, Blotto BL, Pereyra MO, Baldo D, Barrionuevo JS, Fabrezi M, Wild ER, Haddad CF. Big, Bad, and Beautiful: Phylogenetic Relationships of the Horned Frogs (Anura: Ceratophryidae). SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-14-00032.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Faivovich
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Nicoli
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Boris L. Blotto
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín O. Pereyra
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Baldo
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología Subtropical (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Misiones), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, N
| | - J. Sebastián Barrionuevo
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marissa Fabrezi
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Salta, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 9 de Julio 14, 4405, Rosario de Lerma, Salta, Argentina
| | - Erik R. Wild
- Department of Biology and Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. Stevens Point, Wisconsin, 54022, USA
| | - Célio F.B. Haddad
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24A1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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A New Carodnia Simpson, 1935 (Mammalia, Xenungulata) from the Early Eocene of Northwestern Peru and a Phylogeny of Xenungulates at Species Level. J MAMM EVOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-014-9278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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When xenarthrans had enamel: insights on the evolution of their hypsodonty and paleontological support for independent evolution in armadillos. Naturwissenschaften 2014; 101:715-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-014-1208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zimicz N. Avoiding Competition: the Ecological History of Late Cenozoic Metatherian Carnivores in South America. J MAMM EVOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-014-9255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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