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Gordon EW. Beginning with the End in Mind: Creating a Practice that Centers Equity-Part 1. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024:S0195-5616(24)00071-8. [PMID: 39244442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2024.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The concept of equity recognizes historical and current barriers and promotes thriving for veterinary teams and people and animals in the community. Veterinary medicine lacks sociodemographic diversity; veterinarians and other team members who identify with systemically excluded groups offer valuable contributions but are at risk of workplace discrimination. Client families who face barriers for financial and other reasons are at risk of poor animal health and welfare outcomes, including separation from their animals. This article is part one of 2 articles reviewing how the concept of equity applies and could transform well-being in companion animal veterinary practice in North America.
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Alyousef YS, Ross MH, Johnston V, Smith MD. Experiences of Working with Lower Limb Osteoarthritis: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024; 34:683-692. [PMID: 37995059 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-023-10158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pain and disability associated with lower limb osteoarthritis (OA) may contribute to difficulties at work. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of workers with lower limb OA on difficulties, concerns, and coping strategies used at work. METHODS Twenty-two individuals with lower limb OA who were working in paid employment participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were qualitatively analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Codes were identified and refined through review of interview transcripts and discussion with the research team. RESULTS Six themes were identified in relation to experiences working with lower limb OA. Themes were as follows: weight-bearing physical demands are challenging; lower limb OA can affect work performance; emotional consequences of pain; concerns about work in the future; positive experiences of supportive colleagues and managers; and minimal effects on sedentary work. Three themes were identified relating to strategies to manage at work: adjustments at work help manage pain and avoid exacerbations; regular strategies to manage pain; and healthcare professionals are consulted, but usually not specifically for work. CONCLUSIONS Workers with lower limb OA experience physical and emotional difficulties at work that can impact work performance. Workers are concerned about longevity and job security and use a range of strategies to manage symptoms and remain at work. Employers, employees, and healthcare professionals may need to work together to create workplace accommodations to help workers with lower limb OA confidently remain in work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef S Alyousef
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Megan H Ross
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Venerina Johnston
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle D Smith
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Summers OS, Medcalf R, Hubbard KA, McCarroll CS. A cross-sectional study examining perceptions of discriminatory behaviors experienced and witnessed by veterinary students undertaking clinical extra-mural studies. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:940836. [PMID: 37187930 PMCID: PMC10175701 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.940836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent research showed that 29% of respondents in a survey of veterinary professionals reported experiencing self-described discrimination in their workplaces. Senior colleagues and clients were responsible for discriminatory behaviors. As part of their training, veterinary students are expected to undertake extra-mural study (EMS) within these same workplaces and are likely to be vulnerable to discrimination from senior colleagues and clients. This study's objectives were to identify and characterize the pattern of perceived discriminatory behaviors (i.e., belief of being treated unfairly) that veterinary students encounter while seeing practice and explore students' attitudes toward discrimination. Methods Students at British and Irish veterinary schools who undertook some clinical EMS completed a survey of closed and open questions as part of a cross-sectional study. Demographic data and experiences of discrimination with details of incidents and reporting were collected, alongside respondent attitudes. Quantitative data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-squared analysis to analyse respondents' characteristics and their experiences of discriminatory behaviors and subsequent reporting. Qualitative content analysis was used for open-question data. Results Of the 403 respondents, 36.0% had perceived behavior they believed was discriminatory. The most frequent form of discrimination was based on gender (38.0%), followed by ethnicity (15.7%). There were significant associations between respondents' experience of discriminatory behaviors and the following characteristics: age (p = 0.0096), disability (p < 0.00001), race/ethnicity (p < 0.0001), gender/sex (p = 0.018), and LGBTQ+ status (p = 0.001). Supervising veterinarians were the most commonly reported perpetrators of discriminatory behaviors (39.3%) compared with clients (36.4%). Only 13.9% of respondents who experienced discrimination reported the event(s). Respondents with a disability were the least likely to agree with the statement that professional bodies are doing enough to tackle discrimination (p < 0.0001). Most respondents agreed that sexism is still an issue (74.4%), but men were more likely to disagree (p = 0.004). Most respondents felt that ethnic diversity needed to be increased (96.3%). Discussion Discriminatory behavior is a problem for students seeing practice, especially those with one or more protected characteristics (as defined by the UK Equality Act 2010). Improved education would need to include perspectives from minority groups to help remove discriminatory behavior from veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S. Summers
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Medcalf
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A. Hubbard
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte S. McCarroll
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Charlotte S. McCarroll
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Hemming S, Munir F. Using the patient activation measure to examine the self-management support needs of a population of UK workers with long-term health conditions. Chronic Illn 2022; 18:702-707. [PMID: 34569325 PMCID: PMC9397392 DOI: 10.1177/17423953211043492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine differences in patient activation and self-management support needs in a population of UK workers with long-term health conditions. METHODS Demographic, health and activation information were taken from the data of participants with long-term conditions, collected via an online cross-sectional survey of workers. The 13-item British patient activation measure measured workers knowledge, skills and confidence towards self-managing. RESULTS Three hundred and seven workers with mental health, musculoskeletal and other conditions completed the patient activation measure. Mental health conditions were most prevalent (36.8%). Workers were higher activated, however workers with mental health conditions were significantly less activated (p = 0.006). Differences in activation by condition severity and age were revealed. DISCUSSION This study provides insight to the activation of UK workers with long-term conditions. Whilst workers with mental health conditions need more training and education to self-manage, workers are variably activated indicating broader support needs. There is a gap for workplace self-management support. The patient activation measure is used in healthcare to improve people's self-management and should be considered to be included in the workplace, and could form part of interventions to support workers self-management. More rigorous studies, including the patient activation measure, are needed to identify the best approaches to identifying workers self-management support needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Hemming
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, 152602Loughborough University, UK
| | - Fehmidah Munir
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, 152602Loughborough University, UK
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Bernfort L, Persson J, Linderoth C, Ekberg K. Supervisor ratings of productivity loss associated with presenteeism and sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders and common mental disorders in Sweden. Work 2021; 68:1091-1100. [PMID: 33843715 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health problems due to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and common mental disorders (CMD) result in costs due to lost productivity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to increase knowledge of employers' productivity loss due to employees' presenteeism and sickness absence. METHODS A web questionnaire was sent to employers of workers who were sick-listed for more than 30 days due to MSD or CMD, response rate: 50%, n = 198. Presenteeism and the impact on productivity before and after sick leave, and the performance of work tasks by replacement workers during sick leave, were measured using supervisors' ratings. RESULTS The average loss of productivity per sick-leave case amounted to almost 10 weeks, 53%of productivity loss was attributable to presenteeism and 47%to lower productivity by replacement workers. Employees with a CMD diagnosis had significantly higher presenteeism-related productivity loss than those with MSD. CONCLUSIONS Employers experienced substantial productivity loss associated with employees' presenteeism and sick leave. Whether the supervisory rating of presenteeism is preferable to employee self-rating needs to be studied further. The long duration of presenteeism is counter-productive to resource-efficient organisations and indicates the need for improved supervisory skills to identify workers with poor health, both before and after sick leave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bernfort
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health, Center for Medical Technology Assessment, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Persson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health, Center for Medical Technology Assessment, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Catharina Linderoth
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health, Unit of Public Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Ekberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health, Unit of Public Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Rupp S, Fair C, Korycinski H, Ferris M. "It's What I Have, It's Not Who I Am": A Qualitative Study of Social Support in Education/Employment Settings and Transition Readiness of Young Adults with End-Stage Renal Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126596. [PMID: 34205273 PMCID: PMC8296423 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of social support in self-management within education/employment settings for young adults (YA) with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as barriers and facilitators to social support formation. Nineteen YA with ESRD (mean age 24 years, 10 males, 9 African American) recruited from a pediatric nephrology clinic in the Southeast United States completed in-person semi-structured interviews. The grounded theory was used to analyze transcribed interviews to identify emergent themes. Absences hindered participants' school/work attendance and performance. Social support was necessary for illness management and success in academic/vocational settings. Facilitators to establishing support included self-awareness and view of disclosure as a way to access accommodations. Barriers included fear of judgment, job loss, and the belief that the condition was too personal to disclose. Educators and employers must acknowledge the needs of YA with ESRD to promote development and educational/vocational success. Fear of disclosure and poor disease self-management interferes with accessing social support. Communication skills and autonomy in patients' medical and personal lives can promote success in education and employment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rupp
- Department of Public Health Studies, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USA; (S.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Cynthia Fair
- Department of Public Health Studies, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USA; (S.R.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-278-6547
| | - Hannah Korycinski
- Department of Public Health Studies, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USA; (S.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Maria Ferris
- UNC Self-Management and Transitions (STARx) Program, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- The UNC Pediatric Diagnostic and Complex Care Program, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Shockey TM, Tsai RJ, Cho P. Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes Among Employed US Adults by Demographic Characteristics and Occupation, 36 States, 2014 to 2018. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:302-310. [PMID: 33350659 PMCID: PMC8669571 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among employed US adults from 36 states by occupation group using data from 2014 to 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. METHODS Prevalence of diabetes was calculated by 22 broad and 93 detailed occupation groups among a sample of 366,633 employed respondents. Wald chi-square values were used to determine the significance of associations between diabetes and occupation groups after adjusting for sex, age, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS The prevalence of diabetes was 6.4% among employed US adults. The three broad occupation groups with the highest adjusted prevalence of diabetes were protective services (8.9%), farming, fishing, and forestry (8.8%), and community and social services (8.4%). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of diabetes differed by occupation. Work-related factors (eg, shift work, job stress) should be further examined in relation to risk of developing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Shockey
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio (Dr Shockey, Dr Tsai); Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Cho)
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Ishimaru T, Chimed‐Ochir O, Arphorn S, Fujino Y. Effectiveness of fitness for work interventions for workers with low back pain: A systematic review. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12261. [PMID: 34375493 PMCID: PMC8354578 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Safety at work is important for workers with low back pain (LBP). This requires good job design that considers both worker capacities and work requirements, a concept called "Fitness for Work." This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of fitness for work interventions on workers with LBP. METHODS We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus from 2000 through 2020, using relevant terms. RESULTS We reviewed nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) out of 3052 unique references. All studies were RCTs conducted in Western countries. Some RCTs reported positive findings that fitness for work interventions were effective for LBP in facilitating shorter return to work time and reducing short-term sick leave. However, the results of the reviewed studies were inconsistent; therefore, there is insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions about the effectiveness of fitness for work interventions. Furthermore, the interventions were not effective in reducing long-term sick leave over a 24-month period. There were consistent findings that fitness for work interventions were no more effective than control interventions on pain intensity, disability, and work ability of workers with LBP. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that fitness for work interventions may be somewhat effective in facilitating return to work and preventing short-term recurrence in workers with LBP. However, workers need to carefully manage their condition to prevent long-term recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ishimaru
- Department of Environmental EpidemiologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | | | - Sara Arphorn
- Department of Occupational Health and SafetyFaculty of Public HealthMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental EpidemiologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanKitakyushuJapan
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Vijayasingham L, Jogulu U, Allotey P. Ethics of care and selective organisational caregiving by private employers for employees with chronic illness in a middle-income country. Soc Sci Med 2020; 269:113608. [PMID: 33360218 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For people with chronic illnesses in low-and-middle-income countries, access to enabling resources that contribute to health, economic and social resilience such as continued employment, often fall outside the health sector's remit or delivery of national structural protection. In the absence of sufficient laws and policies that mitigate discrimination and enhance reasonable work modifications, private employers have a high degree of agency and discretion in how they hire, manage, or terminate employees with chronic illnesses (ECI). There is a scarcity of research on how employers make decisions under these conditions. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, we interviewed and analysed data from 30 human resource (HR) professionals and decision-makers within private organisations in Klang Valley, Malaysia (June 2015-September 2016). In this paper, we use 'ethics of care' as an analytic, and moral lens to present HR's decision-making rationales in caring for and managing ECI. Respondents described the positive influence of international practices, including through parent company policies, as a reference for best practice. While overt bias and discriminatory perceptions were predictably described, participants also discussed care as relational organisational culture, and strategy, albeit selectively. Apart from illness factors such as duration and severity, descriptions of 'selective caregiving' included considerations of an employee's duration in organisations, the perceived value of the employee to employers, organisation size, ethos, resources and capabilities, and how organisations managed the uncertainty of illness futures as a potential risk to organisation outcomes. Selective caregiving can contribute to social, economic and health inequalities in populations with chronic illness. Nevertheless, global health actors can use the problems identified by participants, as entry points to engage more closely with employers and the broader private and commercial sectors in LMICs, to facilitate more inclusive care, and care-based intersectoral work to address the social and economic determinants of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Vijayasingham
- United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health, UNU-IIGH Building, UKM Medical Centre Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000, Cheras, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia.
| | - Uma Jogulu
- School of Business, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6207, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pascale Allotey
- United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health, UNU-IIGH Building, UKM Medical Centre Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000, Cheras, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia
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Langbrandtner J, Steimann G, Reichel C, Bokemeyer B, Hüppe A. Berufsbezogene Problemlagen und erwünschte Unterstützungsangebote bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen. REHABILITATION 2020; 60:29-36. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1248-5703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Betroffene mit chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankung (CED) sind durch die spezifische Krankheitssymptomatik sowie psychosoziale Probleme oftmals in ihrer beruflichen Teilhabe und Arbeitsfähigkeit beeinträchtigt. Angezielt wurden eine multiperspektivische Exploration der berufsbezogenen Problemlagen von CED-Betroffenen sowie die Ableitung bedarfsgerechter Unterstützungsangebote für den rehabilitativen Sektor.
Methodik Dazu wurden Längsschnitt-Einzelinterviews mit erwerbstätigen CED-Rehabilitanden zu 2 Messzeitpunkten (N=12), Querschnitt-Einzelinterviews mit erwerbstätigen CED-Patienten in gastroenterologischer Facharztbetreuung (N=7), 4 Fokusgruppeninterviews mit Reha-Mitarbeitern (N=27) und leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews (N=8) durchgeführt. Die Auswertung der Interviewdaten erfolgte in MAXQDA mittels inhaltlich-strukturierender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse.
Ergebnisse Die Aussagen der 4 unterschiedlichen Untersuchungsgruppen bilden ein ähnliches Gesamtspektrum der erwerbsbezogenen Probleme von CED-Betroffenen ab und weisen auf vielfältige körperliche und psychosoziale Beeinträchtigungen im Arbeitsleben hin. Berichtet werden körperliche wie kognitive Einschränkungen, Müdigkeit, Schmerzen und psychosoziale Barrieren, die oftmals mit einer reduzierten Leistungsfähigkeit am Arbeitsplatz verbunden sind. Hinzu treten Einschränkungen und Belastungen, die aus gesundheitsschädlichen berufsbezogenen Verhaltensweisen resultieren. Unter den erwerbstätigen Betroffenen zeigte sich ein erhöhter Bedarf an berufsbezogenen rehabilitativen Angeboten. Eine intensivere Ausrichtung der Reha-Inhalte auf berufliche Probleme sowie ein erweitertes Schulungs- und Beratungsangebot zur Aneignung bzw. zur Erweiterung persönlicher arbeitsrelevanter Kompetenzen waren für die meisten Betroffenen für eine weitere Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben von zentraler Bedeutung.
Schlussfolgerung Die Studienergebnisse bilden die Bandbreite von Problemen im Arbeitsleben von CED-Betroffenen ab und liefern wichtige Anhaltspunkte für die Entwicklung von bedarfsgerechten Unterstützungsangeboten im rehabilitativen Versorgungssektor. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die CED-Reha stärker auf die Bedürfnisse von chronisch kranken Erwerbstätigen zugeschnitten werden könnte. Standardmäßige Reha-Inhalte sollten mehr auf den Umgang mit Herausforderungen am Arbeitsplatz ausgerichtet werden. Ein stärkerer Berufsbezug sowie ein standardisiertes Screening auf berufsbezogene Probleme und eine kompetenzfördernde Ausrichtung der CED-Rehabilitation dürften das Spektrum bestehender Angebote erweitern und könnten mittel- bzw. langfristig zur Erhaltung der Erwerbstätigkeit beitragen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christoph Reichel
- Klinik Hartwald, Reha-Zentrum Bad Brückenau
- Institut für Hygiene und Öffentliche Gesundheit/Public Health, Universität Bonn
| | | | - Angelika Hüppe
- Institut für Sozialmedizin und Epidemiologie, Universität Lübeck
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Thompson L, Ford HL, Stroud A, Madill A. Managing the (In)visibility of Chronic Illness at Work: Dialogism, Parody, and Reported Speech. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:1213-1226. [PMID: 30741102 DOI: 10.1177/1049732319825843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interactionally, the workplace may be dilemmatic for a person with "invisible" chronic illness. Risks of stigmatization exist if they disclose their condition to colleagues. Meanwhile, not disclosing threatens well-being and entitlements. Using Bakhtin's dialogism as a theoretical framework, we explored these social aspects of illness: inductively analyzing narratives from 20 participants with multiple sclerosis (MS). Capitalizing on concepts from dialogical and conversation analysis, links between (in)visibility, knowledge, and belief were examined with respect to symptoms and co-worker judgment. Perceived medical legitimacy creates a core social dilemma. At the intersection of genre and action, participants systematically used parody to subvert the traditional workplace hierarchy. "Oh-prefaced" direct reported speech (OPDRS) was deployed to exaggerate workplace interactions, undermining managers/colleagues who misattributed (in)visible symptoms. Parodic OPDRS index emotive interactional dilemmas. As subversions of organizational power, OPDRS denote those very areas where employees feel disempowered. Sensitivity to OPDRS can provide diagnostic support and complement evaluation frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Thompson
- 1 Centre for Sustainable Working Life, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Ford
- 2 The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Madill
- 3 University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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12
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Cleal B, Willaing I, Stuckey H, Peyrot M. Work matters: Diabetes and worklife in the second diabetes attitudes, wishes and needs (DAWN2) study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 150:90-98. [PMID: 30825559 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to understand diabetes-related barriers and successes that people with diabetes (PWD) have in the context of work outside the home. METHODS The DAWN2 survey of adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus contained open-ended items about living with diabetes. All responses to these questions were reviewed and references to worklife were extracted for analysis. An emergent coding schema was developed and validated by two independent coders (kappa = 0.875). RESULTS In total, 328 PWD wrote about work, 93 (28%) with type 1 and 235 (72%) with type 2, of whom 90 took insulin. Analysis generated five themes: (1) Work as context for learning about diabetes; (2) Work as an arena for personal achievement and self-identity with diabetes; (3) The demands of work conflict with the demands of diabetes self-care; (4) Discrimination and stigma in the context of work; and (5) Social support in the context of work. Several of these themes identify challenges relating to the impact of diabetes upon work, and vice-versa. However, coping strategies and supportive social relations generated affirmative psychosocial experiences. CONCLUSION The challenges that diabetes, its treatment, and its complications can have for working adults highlights the importance of social support in the work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Cleal
- Diabetes Management Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ingrid Willaing
- Diabetes Management Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heather Stuckey
- The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mark Peyrot
- Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
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13
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van der Doef MP, Schelvis RMC. Relations Between Psychosocial Job Characteristics and Work Ability in Employees with Chronic Headaches. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2019; 29:119-127. [PMID: 29637456 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-018-9769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study was to determine (a) to which extent job demands and job resources predict work ability in employees with chronic headaches, and (b) whether work ability in these employees is more hampered by high demands and more enhanced by resources than in employees without chronic disease. Methods All employees with chronic headaches (n = 593) and without chronic disease (n = 13,742) were selected from The Netherlands Working Conditions Survey conducted in 2013. This survey assessed amongst others job characteristics and various indicators of work ability, i.e. sick leave, employability, work engagement, and emotional exhaustion. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for employees with chronic headaches and compared to employees without chronic disease, controlling for age, gender and educational level. Results In employees with chronic headaches higher quantitative and emotional demands contributed to higher emotional exhaustion, and higher emotional demands to higher sick leave. Higher cognitive demands were however associated with higher work engagement. Higher autonomy was related to higher employability and lower emotional exhaustion. Higher supervisor and colleague support was associated with higher employability, higher engagement and lower emotional exhaustion. Higher supervisor support was associated with lower sick leave. Supervisor support emerged as a stronger predictor for emotional exhaustion in the employees with chronic headaches than in the employees without chronic disease. Conclusions Job demands and job resources are important for work ability in employees with chronic headaches. Furthermore, results suggest that these employees benefit more strongly from supervisor support than employees without chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot P van der Doef
- Institute of Psychology, Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Roosmarijn M C Schelvis
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Work, Health & Technology, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Mutambudzi M, Gonzalez Gonzalez C, Wong R. Impact of Diabetes and Disease Duration on Work Status Among U.S. Older Adults. J Aging Health 2019; 32:432-440. [PMID: 30767603 DOI: 10.1177/0898264318822897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the effects of diabetes and disease duration on work status over a 9-year period. Method: Multinomial logistic regression models examined the probability of retirement and disability impeding work, using data from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 5,576). Results: Among participants who had retired in 2012, almost 14% had incident diabetes (4.91 mean years with diabetes, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [4.67, 5.15]). Approximately 22% of participants who reported a disability impeded labor force participation had prevalent diabetes (17.1 mean years with diabetes, 95%CI = [16.41, 17.71]). Only prevalent diabetes that indicated longer disease duration was associated with disability (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.83, 95% CI = [1.30, 2.57]). There was evidence of effect modification among Hispanics only (p = .02). Discussion: Diabetes increased risk of exiting the workforce due to disability, and mean disease duration was associated with changes. Disease management and workplace interventions may enable older adults to continue being productive should they choose to remain in the workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Mutambudzi
- University of Antwerp, Belgium.,The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Wong
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA
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15
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Thompson L, Ford H, Stroud A, Madill A. Tortoise or hare? Supporting the chronotope preference of employees with fluctuating chronic illness symptoms. Psychol Health 2019; 34:695-714. [PMID: 30693807 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1565128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim is to understand how to facilitate the job retention of employees with chronic illness. We focus on multiple sclerosis (MS) as a criterion chronic illness. DESIGN An opportunity sample of 20 individuals of working age (13 female; 7 male) were recruited who had been in paid employment for over 28 months with a concurrent diagnosis of MS. Participants took part in one of three focus groups with a topic guide comprising keywords: work, coping, performance, support, future, expectations, sharing and symptoms. Data were analysed using dialogical analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES As a qualitative study, no outcome measure was used. However, the specific focus of interest was to search for differential patterns of 'timespace' - chronotope - that people with chronic illness utilise to manage their condition in the workplace. RESULTS Participants oriented to two distinct chronotope types: unsustainable epic (characterised by condensed time) and temporary idyll (characterized by condensed space). Perceived managerial discretion was identified as possibly influencing participants' chronotope preference. CONCLUSION Identifying chronotope preference has practical implications for health psychologists and related professionals who provide and advise on support to facilitate people with chronic illness to thrive in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Thompson
- a Centre for Sustainable Working Life , Birkbeck University of London , London , UK
| | - Helen Ford
- b Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , UK
| | | | - Anna Madill
- c School of Psychology, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
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16
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Hill J, Koch LC, Rumrill PD. Ethical considerations for providing vocational rehabilitation services to individuals with chronic pain. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-180941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hill
- Department of Rehabilitation, Communication Disorders, and Human Resources, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Lynn C. Koch
- Department of Rehabilitation, Communication Disorders, and Human Resources, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Phillip D. Rumrill
- School of Lifespan Development and Educational Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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17
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Dorland HF, Abma FI, Van Zon SKR, Stewart RE, Amick BC, Ranchor AV, Roelen CAM, Bültmann U. Fatigue and depressive symptoms improve but remain negatively related to work functioning over 18 months after return to work in cancer patients. J Cancer Surviv 2018; 12:371-378. [PMID: 29404835 PMCID: PMC5956033 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-018-0676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aims of this study are to investigate the course of work functioning, health status, and work-related factors among cancer patients during 18 months after return to work (RTW) and to examine the associations between these variables and work functioning over time. Methods Data were used from the 18-month longitudinal “Work Life after Cancer” (WOLICA) cohort, among 384 cancer patients who resumed work. Linear mixed models were performed to examine the different courses during 18-month follow-up. Linear regression analyses with generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine the associations and interactions. Results Cancer patients reported an increase of work functioning and a decrease of fatigue and depressive symptoms in the first 12 months, followed by a stable course between 12 and 18 months. Cognitive symptoms were stable during the first 18 months. Working hours increased and social support decreased during the first 6 months; both remained stable between 6 and 18 months. Fatigue, depressive, and cognitive symptoms were negatively associated with work functioning over time; working hours and supervisor social support were positively associated. Conclusions Interventions to improve cancer patients’ work functioning over time might be promising if they are aimed at reducing fatigue, depressive symptoms, cognitive symptoms, and encouraging supervisor social support. Implications for Cancer Survivors It is important to monitor cancer patients not only in the period directly after RTW but up to 18 months after RTW, allowing for timely interventions when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Dorland
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, FA10, Room 417, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - F I Abma
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, FA10, Room 417, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S K R Van Zon
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, FA10, Room 417, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R E Stewart
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, FA10, Room 417, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B C Amick
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Policy and Management, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - A V Ranchor
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - C A M Roelen
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, FA10, Room 417, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,HumanCapitalCare, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - U Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, FA10, Room 417, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Heinrichs K, Angerer P, Loerbroks A. Psychosocial working conditions as determinants of asthma self-management at work: A systematic review. J Asthma 2017; 55:1095-1104. [PMID: 29200315 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1396469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma exerts a considerable impact on patients and their employers. While adequate self-management is able to improve patients' prognosis, its actual implementation in everyday life may depend on contextual factors. We aimed to review the literature on the potential determinants of asthma self-management at the workplace. DATA SOURCES We systematically searched Medline and PsycINFO using terms related to the key concepts of interest (i.e., adult asthma, working conditions, and self-management). STUDY SELECTION We included original studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English or German since 1992 addressing any type of asthma self-management behavior as the outcome and any type of working condition as the determinant. RESULTS Upon implementation of a multi-stage selection process, seven articles were included. As those studies showed considerable methodological heterogeneity, a qualitative analysis was applied. A first study identified three different adaptation profiles among employees with asthma with implications for self-management behavior. Another study suggested that concerns about taking time off from work may be associated with the utilization of emergency ambulance services for asthma. Five studies among workers with various chronic illnesses addressed determinants of self-disclosure, coping with acute symptoms (e.g., medication use at work), and the potential effect of practical and emotional support from line managers or colleagues on self-management. CONCLUSION Our review indicates that the evidence for a potential link of occupational factors with asthma self-management at work is relatively sparse. Future research should take a more comprehensive approach by considering multiple types of working conditions and asthma self-management behaviors simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina Heinrichs
- a Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine , University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Peter Angerer
- a Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine , University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Adrian Loerbroks
- a Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine , University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
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19
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Villotti P, Corbière M, Dewa CS, Fraccaroli F, Sultan-Taïeb H, Zaniboni S, Lecomte T. A serial mediation model of workplace social support on work productivity: the role of self-stigma and job tenure self-efficacy in people with severe mental disorders. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:3113-3119. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1377294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Villotti
- Centre de Recherche de l’Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marc Corbière
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Education – Career Counselling, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Carolyn S. Dewa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Franco Fraccaroli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Hélène Sultan-Taïeb
- Département d'organisation et ressources humaines, École des Sciences de la Gestion, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sara Zaniboni
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tania Lecomte
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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20
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Ketelaar SM, Schaafsma FG, Geldof MF, Boot CRL, Kraaijeveld RA, Shaw WS, Bültmann U, Twisk J, Anema JR. Employees' Perceptions of Social Norms as a Result of Implementing the Participatory Approach at Supervisor Level: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2017; 27:319-328. [PMID: 27557825 PMCID: PMC5591363 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-016-9659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Purpose A multifaceted implementation strategy was targeted at supervisors to encourage them to apply a participatory approach (PA) in dealing with employees' work functioning problems due to health concerns. This paper assesses the effect on employees' perceived social norms regarding the use of the PA to deal with work functioning problems. Methods Three organizations participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial, with randomization at the department level. Supervisors in the PA intervention departments received the implementation strategy consisting of a working group meeting, supervisor training, and optional coaching. Supervisors in the control departments received written information about the PA only. In two of the organizations, employees were invited to complete surveys at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome was perceived social norms regarding the use of the PA to deal with work functioning problems. Secondary measures included attitudes and self-efficacy, and intention regarding joint problem solving, and sick leave data. Effects were analyzed using multilevel analyses to account for nesting of cases. Results At baseline, 273 employees participated in the survey, with follow-up analyses of 174 employees. There were no statistically significant group effects on employee outcome measures. The intervention group showed a larger reduction in mean sick days (from 4.6 to 2.4 days) versus the control group (from 3.8 to 3.6 days), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p > .05). Conclusion The multifaceted strategy to implement the participatory approach for supervisors did not show effects on outcomes at the employee level. To gain significant effects at the employee level, may require that an implementation strategy not only targets management and supervisors, but also employees themselves. TRIAL REGISTRATION NTR3733.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ketelaar
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F G Schaafsma
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Research Center for Insurance Medicine, Collaboration Between AMC-UMCG-UWV-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M F Geldof
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C R L Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - R A Kraaijeveld
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W S Shaw
- Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - U Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R Anema
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Center for Insurance Medicine, Collaboration Between AMC-UMCG-UWV-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Ketelaar SM, Schaafsma FG, Geldof MF, Kraaijeveld RA, Boot CRL, Shaw WS, Bültmann U, Anema JR. Implementation of the Participatory Approach for Supervisors to Increase Self-Efficacy in Addressing Risk of Sick Leave of Employees: Results of a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2017; 27:247-257. [PMID: 27402346 PMCID: PMC5405097 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-016-9652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To study the effectiveness of a multifaceted strategy to implement the participatory approach (PA) for supervisors to increase their self-efficacy in addressing risk of sick leave of employees. Methods Supervisors from three organizations were invited to participate. Randomization was performed at department level. Supervisors (n = 61) in the intervention departments received the implementation strategy consisting of a working group meeting, supervisor training in PA application, and optional supervisor coaching. Supervisors in the control departments (n = 55) received written information on PA. The primary outcome was supervisors' self-efficacy to apply the PA, measured at baseline and 6 months' follow-up. The number of employees with whom supervisors discussed work functioning problems or (risk of) sick leave was also assessed. Effects were tested using multilevel analyses. Results The strategy did not increase self-efficacy to apply the PA. Subgroup analyses showed that self-efficacy increased for supervisors who at baseline reported to have discussed (risk of) sick leave with less than three employees during the last 6 months (B = 1.42, 95 % CI 0.34-2.50). Furthermore, the implementation strategy increased the number of employees with whom supervisors discussed work functioning problems or risk of sick leave (B = 1.26, 95 % CI 0.04-2.48). Conclusion Although the implementation strategy cannot be recommended for all supervisors, for supervisors who less frequently discuss (risk of) sick leave with employees the implementation strategy might be helpful. Trial registration NTR3733.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ketelaar
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F G Schaafsma
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Research Center for Insurance Medicine, Collaboration Between AMC-UMCG-UWV-VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M F Geldof
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A Kraaijeveld
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C R L Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Body@Work, Research Center Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W S Shaw
- Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - U Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J R Anema
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Center for Insurance Medicine, Collaboration Between AMC-UMCG-UWV-VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Majeed T, Forder PM, Mishra G, Kendig H, Byles JE. Exploring Workforce Participation Patterns and Chronic Diseases Among Middle-Aged Australian Men and Women Over the Life Course. J Aging Health 2017; 29:343-361. [PMID: 26957550 DOI: 10.1177/0898264316635586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study identified associations between chronic diseases (diabetes, asthma, depression, and arthritis) and workforce participation patterns with a gendered perspective. METHOD We used data from 1,261 middle-aged participants of the Australian Life Histories and Health (LHH) Survey, aged 60 to 64 years in 2011. Latent class analysis identified dominant workforce patterns and associations between chronic diseases and these patterns were explored by multinomial regression models. RESULTS Diabetes, asthma, depression, and arthritis were less prevalent in men and women in class "mostly full-time work," compared with other workforce patterns. The odds of "mostly full-time work" were lower for men reporting depression or arthritis, whereas among women, depression was associated with "increasing part-time work" after adjusting early and adult life factors. DISCUSSION The results strengthen the importance of gender focused policies aimed to promote and preserve health of young and middle-aged workers, and creating supportive environment for those with chronic health issues over the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gita Mishra
- 2 The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hal Kendig
- 3 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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23
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Ajslev JZN, Persson R, Andersen LL. Contradictory individualized self-blaming: a cross-sectional study of associations between expectations to managers, coworkers, one-self and risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:13. [PMID: 28068961 PMCID: PMC5223457 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Within work sociology, several studies have addressed construction workers’ practices of masculinity, class, economy, safety risks and production. However, few studies have investigated room for agency in relation to bodily pain or musculoskeletal disorders and even fewer have made a quantitative approach. Accordingly, by means of a questionnaire, we examined the association between construction workers’ room for agency and physical exertion, bodily and mental fatigue, and lower back pain. Methods A total of 481 Danish construction workers who responded to a multifaceted questionnaire were included. Drawing on previous studies and a Foucauldian inspired concept of agency, agency was quantified through specially crafted questions and examined in relation to established measures on physical exertion, physical and mental fatigue and pain in the lower back. Associations were tested using analyses of variance (general linear models) and controlled for age, gender, job group, lifestyle and depression. Results When asked about options for agency reducing the burden of work, few workers believed themselves to be prime agents of such practices. When asking about their view on performing alternative agency implying caring for the body, 39–49% expected negative reactions from management, and 20–33% expected negative reactions from colleagues. In contrast, only 13–18% of the participants stated that they would give a negative reception to such alternative practices. Using the expected reception outcomes (positive, neutral, negative) to alternative practices as predictors, the statistical regression analyses showed that negative expectations to management were associated with higher levels of physical exertion 0.62 (95% CI = 0.14–1.09) (scale 0-11), bodily fatigue 0.63 (95% CI = 0.22–1.04), mental fatigue 0.60 (95% CI = 0.07–1.12), and low back pain 0.79 (95% CI = 0.13–1.46) (scales 0-10). Conclusion In our study, construction workers answered questions about work and MSD. The answers indicated a contradiction between perceived responsibility and room for agency. Based on the study, a number of target areas could fruitfully be addressed in aiming to reduce MSD among construction workers. To change workers’ expectances to the reception of lowering work pace if needed to take care of the body, their expectances to the reception of sickness absence as a result of pain, of discussing physical exertion in work and of demanding appropriate technical assistive devices are such examples. Our results emphasize that management plays an important role in this.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Persson
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Louis Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle, 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Physical Activity and Human Performance group, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Pransky GS, Fassier JB, Besen E, Blanck P, Ekberg K, Feuerstein M, Munir F. Sustaining Work Participation Across the Life Course. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2016; 26:465-479. [PMID: 27704342 PMCID: PMC5104763 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-016-9670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Many disability prevention strategies are focused on acute injuries and brief illness episodes, but there will be growing challenges for employers to manage circumstances of recurrent, chronic, or fluctuating symptoms in an aging workforce. The goal of this article is to summarize existing peer-review research in this area, compare this with employer discourse in the grey literature, and recommend future research priorities. Methods The authors participated in a year-long sponsored collaboration that ultimately led to an invited 3-day conference, "Improving Research of Employer Practices to Prevent Disability", held October 14-16, 2015, in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, USA. The collaboration included a topical review of the scientific and industry literature, group discussion to identify key areas and challenges, drafting of initial documents, and feedback from peer researchers and a special panel of experts with employer experience. Results Cancer and mental illness were chosen as examples of chronic or recurring conditions that might challenge conventional workplace return-to-work practices. Workplace problems identified in the literature included fatigue, emotional exhaustion, poor supervisor and co-worker support, stigma, discrimination, and difficulties finding appropriate accommodations. Workplace intervention research is generally lacking, but there is preliminary support for improving workplace self-management strategies, collaborative problem-solving, and providing checklists and other tools for job accommodation, ideas echoed in the literature directed toward employers. Research might be improved by following workers from an earlier stage of developing workplace concerns. Conclusions Future research of work disability should focus on earlier identification of at-risk workers with chronic conditions, the use of more innovative and flexible accommodation strategies matched to specific functional losses, stronger integration of the workplace into on-going rehabilitation efforts, and a better understanding of stigma and other social factors at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn S Pransky
- Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, 71 Frankland Road, Hopkinton, MA, 01748, USA.
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | | | - Elyssa Besen
- Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, 71 Frankland Road, Hopkinton, MA, 01748, USA
| | - Peter Blanck
- Burton Blatt Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Bramwell D, Sanders C, Rogers A. A case of tightrope walking. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-01-2015-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– Given that current policy in the UK is focused on encouraging individuals with long-term health conditions (LTCs) to work wherever possible, the purpose of this paper is to explore employer’s and manager’s perspectives of supporting those with LTCs as any successful workplace engagement will largely be influenced by their readiness to be supportive.
Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 40 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with employers’ and managers’ from a range of organisations in the north-west of England during the period March 2011 to January 2012. Comparative analysis of the data was guided and informed by grounded theory principles.
Findings
– All bar one participant typified their role as one of a difficult “balancing” act of additional and often incompatible demands, pressures and feelings. It was evident that coping with this ambivalent situation incurred an emotional consequence for participants.
Practical implications
– Employers’ and managers’ response to ambivalent feelings may serve to undermine their capacity to translate supportive intentions into tangible action and are thus reflected in employee’s perceptions of unsupportive relations. Developing an intervention to raise awareness of the potential for this situation and subsequent impact on the return to work process would be beneficial for all stakeholders – the government, employees and employers alike.
Originality/value
– This in-depth study gives voice to employers and managers whose experiences and perceptions of supporting people with LTCs is largely unknown and empirically under-researched. Findings add to the wealth of research from the employee perspective to provide a more nuanced picture of the workplace for those working with and/or supporting those with LTCs.
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Capell B, Tzafrir SS, Dolan SL. The disclosure of concealable stigmas: Analysis anchored in trust. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2015.1121066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Capell
- ESADE-Ramon LLul University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shay S. Tzafrir
- Department of Business Administration, The University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Simon L. Dolan
- Department of Human Resource Management, ESADE-Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Somville P, Mairiaux P. Incapacité de travail prolongée. Revue des facteurs de risque professionnels et des stratégies d’intervention. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aguilar KM, Hou Q, Miller RM. Impact of Employer-Sponsored Onsite Pharmacy and Condition Management Programs on Medication Adherence. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2015; 21:670-7. [PMID: 26233539 PMCID: PMC10397953 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2015.21.8.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor medication adherence is associated with worsened health outcomes and higher health care expenditures. An increasing number of employers are sponsoring wellness initiatives designed to support healthy lifestyles, improve productivity, and offer a return on investment. Onsite pharmacies may facilitate higher medication adherence rates by providing employees a convenient, low-cost option for filling prescriptions that is integrated with other onsite health services. OBJECTIVES To (a) assess the impact of an employer's onsite pharmacy on health plan members' medication adherence using multiple measures of medication adherence and persistence, including medication possession ratio (MPR), average number of days until discontinuation (60-day gap in coverage), and percentage of members without a 30-day gap in coverage, and (b) evaluate these outcomes between those members who participated in condition management programs and those who did not. METHODS A retrospective analysis of a self-insured employer's claims data was undertaken. Medication adherence was assessed among the self-insured employer's health plan members, which included subscribers and their dependents who filled an asthma, depression, diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia medication at an onsite pharmacy, compared with those who used a community pharmacy. Multiple standard measures of medication adherence were considered. These measures included MPR, which was assessed for 1- and 2-year time periods. MPR was chosen because it is one of the most commonly referenced formulas in the literature and represents adherence over a fixed period of time. In addition, medication persistence was estimated by 30-day gaps in coverage and discontinuation of treatment. To assess the impact of onsite pharmacy use and account for covariate effects, the linear mixed model approach was applied with the logit transformed MPR as the response variable. An analysis of MPR among condition management participants was also performed. RESULTS In total, 2,498 subscribers and their dependents were included in the analysis. The average MPR at 365 days was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) among onsite pharmacy users for all medication types, ranging from 13% higher for depression medications to 20% higher for hypertension medications. This trend persisted at 730 days (P < 0.001), with average MPRs ranging from 6% higher for hyperlipidemia medications to 11% higher for hypertension medications. A mixed model analysis indicated that members who used the onsite pharmacy were 3.44 times more likely to demonstrate medication adherence (95% CI = 2.84-4.16; P < 0.0001) at 365 days. Likewise, at 180 and 365 days, onsite pharmacy users were less likely to have 30-day gaps in treatment. The average number of days until discontinuation (defined as a 60-day gap) was also significantly longer (P < 0.0001) among onsite pharmacy users, ranging from an average of 56 additional days for depression medications to 105 additional days for hypertension medications. While the average MPR tended to be higher among those subscribers and their dependents who participated in condition management programs, this trend was not statistically significant for all medication types. CONCLUSIONS Based on multiple measures, onsite pharmacy use was associated with higher medication adherence, while the results were inconclusive for condition management participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Aguilar
- Cerner Research Consulting, 600 Corporate Pointe, Ste. 320, Culver City, CA 90230.
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Gignac MAM, Cao X, McAlpine J. Availability, Need for, and Use of Work Accommodations and Benefits: Are They Related to Employment Outcomes in People With Arthritis? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67:855-64. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique A. M. Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health; Toronto Western Research Institute; and Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Xingshan Cao
- Toronto Western Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jessica McAlpine
- Institute for Work and Health and Toronto Western Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
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Rumball-Smith J, Barthold D, Nandi A, Heymann J. Diabetes associated with early labor-force exit: a comparison of sixteen high-income countries. Health Aff (Millwood) 2015; 33:110-5. [PMID: 24395942 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The economic burden of diabetes and the effects of the disease on the labor force are of substantial importance to policy makers. We examined the impact of diabetes on leaving the labor force across sixteen countries, using data about 66,542 participants in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe; the US Health and Retirement Survey; or the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. After matching people with diabetes to those without the disease in terms of age, sex, and years of education, we used Cox proportional hazards analyses to estimate the effect of diabetes on time of leaving the labor force. Across the sixteen countries, people diagnosed with diabetes had a 30 percent increase in the rate of labor-force exit, compared to people without the disease. The costs associated with earlier labor-force exit are likely to be substantial. These findings further support the value of greater public- and private-sector investment in preventing and managing diabetes.
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Sallis A, Birkin R. Experiences of work and sickness absence in employees with depression: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2014; 24:469-483. [PMID: 24101349 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-013-9481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The experience of employment with depression is explored to develop understanding of the mediators that may influence the management of depression-related sickness absence and improve theoretical understanding. METHOD Data were collected from seven semi-structured interviews and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis used to explore the data. RESULTS Three interrelated themes were drawn from the participants' accounts: (1) the interaction between depression and work; (2) illness beliefs; and (3) organisational context and depression. The analysis revealed that participants appeared to hold five key perceptions about their depression and work: low control in the workplace; lack of line manager support; diminishing ability to work; the need to address depressive symptoms; and perceptions of depression. Their strength resulted in individuals reaching sickness absence thresholds. The themes and participants' accounts of their work and sickness absence and return to work behaviour are discussed in relation to relevant theory and evidence to understand how these perceptions and beliefs mediate behaviour. CONCLUSION Individuals' health (illness representations) and work beliefs (outcome expectancies and self-efficacy for work tasks and management of health at work) appear to influence individuals' sickness absence decisions and experiences and these are mediated by individuals' experiences of organisational policies, line manager support and the messages and actions of GPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sallis
- Department of Health, Room 604 Richmond House, 79 Whitehall, London, SW1A 2NS, UK,
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Stilz R, Madan I. Worker expectations of occupational health consultations. Occup Med (Lond) 2014; 64:177-80. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqt171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ruston A, Smith A, Fernando B. Diabetes in the workplace - diabetic's perceptions and experiences of managing their disease at work: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:386. [PMID: 23617727 PMCID: PMC3649948 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes represents one of the biggest public health challenges facing the UK. It is also associated with increasing costs to the economy due to working days lost as people with diabetes have a sickness absence rate 2-3 times greater than the general population. Workplaces have the potential to support or hinder self- management of diabetes but little research has been undertaken to examine the relationship between work and diabetes in the UK. This paper seeks to go some way to addressing this gap by exploring the perceptions and experiences of employees with diabetes. METHODS Forty three people with diabetes were purposively recruited to ascertain ways in which they managed their disease in the workplace. Semi-structured, interviews were undertaken, tape recorded and transcribed. Analysis was conducted using a constant comparative approach. RESULTS Although respondents had informed managers of their diabetic status they felt that their managers had little concept of the effects of the work environment on their ability to manage their disease. They did not expect support from their managers and were concerned about being stigmatised or treated inappropriately. Work requirements took priority. They had to adapt their disease management to fit their job and reported running their blood glucose levels at higher than optimal levels, thereby putting themselves at higher risk of long term complications. CONCLUSIONS Little research has examined the way in which employees with diabetes manage their disease in the workplace. This research shows there is a need to increase the awareness of managers of the short and long term economic benefit of supporting employees with diabetes to manage their disease effectively whist at work. Employees may need individually assessed and tailored support on the job in order to manage their disease effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annmarie Ruston
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Faculty of Health and Social Care, Canterbury Christ Church University, Medway Campus, Cathedral Court, 30 Pembroke Court, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4UF, UK
| | - Alison Smith
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Faculty of Health and Social Care, Canterbury Christ Church University, Medway Campus, Cathedral Court, 30 Pembroke Court, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4UF, UK
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Gignac MAM, Jetha A, Bowring J, Beaton DE, Badley EM. Management of work disability in rheumatic conditions: a review of non-pharmacological interventions. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2013; 26:369-86. [PMID: 22867932 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of its substantial personal social and economic costs, workforce participation among individuals with rheumatic diseases has received considerable research attention. This chapter reviews non-pharmacological employment interventions for people with rheumatic diseases, focussing on the comprehensiveness of interventions, whether they have been targeted to those groups identified as most at risk, and intervention outcomes and effectiveness. Findings highlight that early diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases may not be enough to keep individuals employed and that comprehensive work interventions may have positive psychological effects, as well as result in increased work participation. However, we lack data addressing the optimum time to intervene and subgroup analyses to determine whether some groups are at increased risk for poor work outcomes. Consistent inclusion of behavioural and psychological outcomes to evaluate interventions and compare studies is also needed, along with cost-benefit studies, to determine the long-term feasibility of work interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique A M Gignac
- Arthritis Community Research & Evaluation Unit, Toronto Western Research Institute, ON, Canada.
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Abma FI, Bültmann U, Varekamp I, van der Klink JJL. Workers with health problems: three perspectives on functioning at work. Disabil Rehabil 2012; 35:20-6. [PMID: 22620284 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2012.687027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aims were (i) to explore why it is that one worker with a health problem is able to stay at work while the other is not, (ii) to identify signals for decreased functioning at work, and (iii) to explore if and how this can be measured. METHOD We conducted three focus groups: with workers with a health problem, occupational physicians, and human resources managers/supervisors. RESULTS Individual differences in coping strategies, motivation, believes, attitudes, and values were mentioned. All three groups reported that the supervisor is the key figure in the functioning at work of workers with health problems. The supervisor can facilitate the work accommodation of workers and help optimizing functioning at work. The identified signals might contribute to the development of an instrument. Conditions for use were suggested, i.e. a "safe" setting. CONCLUSIONS This focus group study provided insight in why it is that one worker is able to stay at work while the other is not, according to the opinions of three different groups. Although all three groups reported that the supervisor is the key figure in the functioning at work of workers with health problems, there are differences between how the three stakeholders perceive the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke I Abma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Shaw WS, Tveito TH, Geehern-Lavoie M, Huang YH, Nicholas MK, Reme SE, Wagner G, Pransky G. Adapting principles of chronic pain self-management to the workplace. Disabil Rehabil 2011; 34:694-703. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2011.615372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wynne-Jones G, Buck R, Porteous C, Cooper L, Button LA, Main CJ, Phillips CJ. What happens to work if you're unwell? Beliefs and attitudes of managers and employees with musculoskeletal pain in a public sector setting. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2011; 21:31-42. [PMID: 20602154 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-010-9251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Musculoskeletal complaints can impact on work in terms of productivity, sickness absence and long term incapacity for work. While employee attitudes and knowledge can drive absenteeism and presenteeism behaviour, managers also play an important role in influencing this via the quality of their relationships with employees and their role in implementing organisational policies and procedures. The aims of this study were to investigate the beliefs and attitudes of managers and employees with musculoskeletal pain about sickness absence, presenteeism, and return to work and to identify areas of consensus and conflict. METHODS 18 employees with musculoskeletal pain and 20 managers from two large public sector organisations in South Wales, UK, took part in individual face-to-face interviews. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo. RESULTS Employees' and managers' reports indicated that there was a strong culture of presenteeism in these organisations. Establishing the legitimacy of complaints was a salient theme for both managers and employees, although their views were in conflict. Employees reported feeling that contact with employers was intrusive when sickness absence was legitimate. Managers were supportive of those who they felt were 'genuinely' unwell, but also cited examples of people 'working the system' and not reporting absences appropriately. CONCLUSIONS These issues require careful consideration of the rights and responsibilities of both employees and employers, where strategies for improving communication, trust, and creating an environment conducive to successful return to work need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenllian Wynne-Jones
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
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