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Walter O, Kasler J, Routray S. Emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, depression and anxiety, and satisfaction with life among emerging adults in Israel and India: the impact of gender and individualism/collectivism. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:332. [PMID: 38845048 PMCID: PMC11157833 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Much research has focused on how emotional and spiritual intelligences promote well-being and help combat mental health issues. This comparative study, which was conducted in Israel and India with emerging adults enrolled in higher education, explored the relationship of emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, anxiety and depression, and satisfaction with life. The results in Israel showed a positive correlation of emotional intelligence with satisfaction with life, but in India, only spiritual intelligence correlated positively with satisfaction with life. In both groups, female participants scored higher on all variables than male participants. We offer initial explanations for these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofra Walter
- Tel Hai, Kiryrat Shemona, Upper Gallile, Israel.
| | | | - Surekha Routray
- University Khorda Bhubaneswar, Orissa, Khurda, 751003, India
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Zhou Z, Tavan H, Kavarizadeh F, Sarokhani M, Sayehmiri K. The relationship between emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and student achievement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:217. [PMID: 38429717 PMCID: PMC10908129 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotional and spiritual intelligence are crucial factors in enhancing individuals' knowledge and academic achievement. This study aims to examine the correlation between spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and student achievement through a systematic review and meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, and Google Scholar databases from 2007 to December 2022. The effect sizes (EF) included the mean and standard deviation of emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and student achievement and correlation coefficients among spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and student achievement. Random effects models were used to pool the results, and the Q test and I2 index were employed to assess heterogeneity. Correlation coefficients were transformed into standard data (Z) using log transformation. RESULTS The overall mean score of educational achievement in university and school students was 15.91 (95% CI: 15.26-16.78). The mean scores of spiritual and emotional intelligence were 138.27 (95% CI: 129.19-147.35) and 128.94 (95% CI: 117.08-140.80), respectively. The correlation coefficients between spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and student achievement were r = 0.36 (95% CI: 0.18-0.51) and r = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.28-0.67), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Emotional and spiritual intelligence are independent predictive factors in educational achievement for university and school students. Therefore, improvements in emotional and spiritual intelligence can promote students' academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Zhou
- Guangxi University of Foreign Languages , Nanning, China
| | - Hamed Tavan
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Forouzan Kavarizadeh
- Center for Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Sarokhani
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Kourosh Sayehmiri
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Jia H, Iqbal S, Ayub A. "Entrepreneurship" from the lens of enlightenment: Impacts of religiosity and spiritual intelligence on social entrepreneurial intentions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285140. [PMID: 37816036 PMCID: PMC10564168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite an escalated gravity of interest in exploring factors that shape university students' social entrepreneurial intentions, there are significant gaps in our understanding of this phenomenon. The current study examines the boundary effects of religiosity and spiritual intelligence to predict university students' social entrepreneurial intentions. The authors collected the data from university students in their final years in multiple waves and employed SmartPLS (v 4.0) for data analysis. Our findings indicate that religiosity can affect social entrepreneurial intentions through two paths: intrinsic motivation mediates the association between intrinsic religiosity and social entrepreneurial intentions, and extrinsic motivation mediates the relationship between extrinsic religiosity and social entrepreneurial intentions. Further, spiritual intelligence moderates the relationship between intrinsic religiosity and social entrepreneurial intentions, mediated by intrinsic motivation such that at high levels of spiritual intelligence the association is more potent and vice versa. This is the first study that examines the boundary conditions of social entrepreneurial intentions of university students by employing the lens of religiosity and spirituality. The paper presents substantial theoretical and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Jia
- Department of Teaching and Research, Hebei Polytechnic Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Management Studies Department, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ayub
- National School of Management Studies, The University of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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Pasha H, Khalajinia Z, Yadollahpour MH, Gholinia H. Sexual Function, Religion, Existential Well-being and Mental Health among Iranian Married Women of Reproductive Age. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:3399-3413. [PMID: 37226017 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the relationship between sexuality and spirituality with mental health among Iranian married women of reproductive age. It was a cross-sectional, correlational study with a sample size of 120 Iranian married women in 2022. Goldberg general health, Female Sexual Function Index, and Paloutzian and Ellison spiritual health questionnaires were used to collect data. The level of spiritual health scale (SWBS) in more than half of the married women was high (50.8%) and 49.2% at the average level. Sexual dysfunction was reported at 43.3%. Sexual function, religious and existential well-being was predictors of mental health and its dimensions. The risk of sexual dysfunction was 3.33-fold higher in people who had an unfavorable level of SWBS (β = 3.33, CI: 1.558-7.099, P = 0.002) compared to those who had a favorable level of SWBS. Therefore, adhering to sexual health and relying on spirituality are emphasized in preventing mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Pasha
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Population, Family and Spiritual Research Core, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zohreh Khalajinia
- Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hadi Yadollahpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Population, Family and Spiritual Research Core, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hemmat Gholinia
- Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Raghuveer P, Bhatia R, Motappa R, Sachith M. A cross-sectional study on assessment of spiritual health and its associated factors among undergraduate students in a medical college in Mangalore, Karnataka. F1000Res 2023; 11:1546. [PMID: 37469624 PMCID: PMC10352630 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.128273.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Spirituality and spiritual health are an integral component of an individual's health and wellbeing. Among medical undergraduates and professionals, spiritual health has positive effects on the individual by decreasing burnout, psychological distress, and rates of substance abuse. Spiritual health is also correlated with increased satisfaction and meaning in life. Spiritual health also influences future patient care, builds patient- provider communication channels, and improves patient outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the spiritual health levels of medical undergraduates in a medical college, in Karnataka, India, and to identify the factors associated with it. Using a pre-designed, validated semi-structed questionnaire, 600 medical undergraduates were approached and provided the forms. Spiritual health was assessed across the three domains of self-development, self-actualization, and self-realization using the Spiritual Health Assessment Scale (SHAS). Results: A total of 436 medical undergraduates participated. Majority (67.7%) of participants were girls. Most (62%) were found to have fair spiritual health with a large portion of the rest (36%) having good spiritual health and 2% had poor spiritual health. A significant association was found between spiritual health and the father's (p=0.005) and mother's (p=0.012) education levels. Spiritual health was also found to be associated with living in a nuclear family (p=0.04). Conclusions: Majority of the medical undergraduates had fair spiritual health. Parents' education levels and nuclear family were significantly associated with spiritual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pracheth Raghuveer
- Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, India, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Ravjot Bhatia
- Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Rohith Motappa
- Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Malavika Sachith
- Community Medicine, P K DAS Institute of Medical Sciences, Ottapalam, Kerala, 679522, India
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Rajabi R, Eslami Aliabadi H, Javad Mahdizadeh M, Azzizadeh Forouzi M. A comparative study of religious beliefs, spiritual intelligence and spiritual well-being in two therapies based on education (anonymous drug user) and methadone in drug user in Iran. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:101. [PMID: 37308965 PMCID: PMC10262557 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prevention of high-risk behaviors has always been considered; According to the researches, a person's religious attitudes and beliefs and intelligence quotient are associated with the prevention of high-risk behaviors such as drug addiction, and religiosity and spirituality also reduce drug addiction; Therefore, this study was conducted to compare religious beliefs, intelligence and spiritual health in two methods of education-based treatment and methadone in people with addiction. RESULTS A comparative study was performed among 184 people on all drug users admitted to these wards that treated with methadone and participants of meetings of anonymous drug users. Four questionnaires were used to collect information. Mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the demographic characteristics of participants. Chi-square and fisher tests were used to compare demographic information in the two groups. The present study was performed following acquisition of the code of ethics (IR.BUMS.REC.1395.156) from Research Ethics Committee of Birjand University of Medical Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Rajabi
- Department of Nursing, Zarand School of Nursing, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hassan Eslami Aliabadi
- Nursing midwifery school, Assistant Professor of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Ferdows School of Health and Allied Medical Sciences, Birjand university of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mahdizadeh
- Instructor of Nursing, Nursing Department, Zarand School of Nursing, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Azzizadeh Forouzi
- Medical surgical nursing, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Shek DTL, Zhu X, Dou D, Tan L. Self-leadership as an attribute of service leadership: Its relationship to well-being among university students in Hong Kong. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1088154. [PMID: 36743235 PMCID: PMC9895847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1088154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the scientific literature, although conceptual models and empirical evidence have shown that leadership attributes are intimately linked to the well-being of followers, there is a lack of studies focusing on leadership in the service economy. According to the Service Leadership Theory, service leadership is a process that satisfies the needs of self, others, and systems (teams, organizations, communities, and societies) in ethical ways that is characterized by leadership competence, character, and care. With specific reference to self-leadership emphasized in service leadership, higher levels of service leadership attributes should promote personal well-being. However, the relationships between "service leadership attributes" and "well-being" in leaders at the intrapersonal level in leadership education among Chinese university students are rarely examined. Methods In this study, we collected data from 198 students to understand the linkages between "service leadership attributes" and "well-being" in university students taking a course on service leadership. For tracking changes in students, we collected both pretest and posttest data on validated measures of "service leadership attributes" (i.e., "knowledge," "attitude," and "behavior") and "well-being" (i.e., "positive youth development attributes" and "life satisfaction"). Results Results showed that the posttest scores on all three domains of "service leadership attributes" as well as two dimensions of "well-being" encompassing life satisfaction and positive youth development attributes were higher than the respective pretest scores, suggesting that students experienced a shift in a positive direction after taking the course. Cross-lagged analyses showed that pretest service leadership attitude and behavior predicted posttest positive youth development attributes; pretest service leadership behavior predicted posttest life satisfaction. Pretest life satisfaction also predicted posttest service leadership behavior. Discussion Findings suggest that there is an intimate relationship between "service leadership attributes" and "well-being" in the "pre-work" context among university students.
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The Mediating Role of Spiritual Intelligence on Well-Being and Life Satisfaction among Nurses in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Path Analysis. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12120515. [PMID: 36546998 PMCID: PMC9774819 DOI: 10.3390/bs12120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: As they are satisfied with life, nurses who demonstrate spiritual intelligence and well-being at work are tremendous assets to an organisation. This study aimed to determine the mediating effect of spiritual intelligence on the well-being and life satisfaction of nurses in the context of COVID-19. Methods: This research employed a cross-sectional study design. It was conducted in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia. The participants were government hospital nurses who were chosen using a multi-stage sampling method. A total of 1121 (75% response rate) nurses participated in the study. Data gathering was conducted from July to September 2022. Results: The life satisfaction level of the participants was deemed positive. Their well-being was better (10/15), and they rated high in spiritual intelligence (90/120). Life satisfaction had a strong association with well-being (r = 0.640, p < 0.001), but a weak association with spiritual intelligence (r = 0.391, p < 0.001). In comparison, well-being had a moderate association with spiritual intelligence (r = 0.551, p < 0.001). The direct effect of well-being on spiritual intelligence was positive and significant (β = 0.7817, p < 0.0001), and that of spiritual intelligence on life satisfaction was positive and significant (β = 0.1082, p = 0.0257). The direct effect of well-being on life satisfaction was also positive and significant (β = 1.5985, p < 0.0001). Conversely, well-being had an indirect impact on life satisfaction (β = 0.0846), and this effect was significant. Overall, the impact of well-being on life satisfaction was positive and significant (β = 1.6831, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The nurses in this study were deemed satisfied, to have better well-being, and better spiritual intelligence. Life satisfaction has a strong association with well-being but a weak one with spiritual intelligence, while well-being has a moderate association with spiritual intelligence. Overall, spiritual intelligence was found to have a mediating effect on the relationship between well-being and life satisfaction. These findings suggest that an increase in spiritual growth can serve as the foundation for people to live better and more integrated lives.
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Özcan Ş, Yanmış S. Have we been able to improve the conscientious intelligence levels of nursing students sufficiently? Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:1873-1881. [PMID: 34921416 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed at comparing the conscientious intelligence levels of nursing students and determining the factors affecting their conscientious intelligence. DESIGN AND METHODS Two hundred and forty nursing students were involved in the study. FINDINGS There were no statistically significant differences between the first and fourth-year students in terms of the mean scores they obtained from the compassion, responsibility toward the creator, conscious awareness, and social sensitivity sub-dimensions. Of the students, those who chose the profession willingly, those who were women and those who did not perceive nursing as a profession just to earn money obtained higher mean scores in the Conscientious Intelligence Scale. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The results of the study revealed that Nurse Academics should make more attempts to improve students' conscientious intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şadiye Özcan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecological Nursing, Yalova University Faculty of Health Sciences, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Safiye Yanmış
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan, Turkey
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Arad M, Alilu L, Habibzadeh H, Khalkhali H, Goli R. Effect of spiritual intelligence training on nurses' skills for communicating with patients - an experimental study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:127. [PMID: 35677273 PMCID: PMC9170219 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1483_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since poor communication with the patient has a negative impact on the quality of nursing care, taking the necessary measures to strengthen the relationship with the patient seems necessary. This study was conducted to determine the effect of spiritual intelligence training on nurses' skills for communicating with patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This experimental study with the control group and the pretest-posttest design was conducted on 70 nurses working in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mahabad, in 2019. Randomized stratified sampling was used to recruit participants. Then, participants were randomly assigned to the two groups of control and intervention. The demographic information form and the patient-nurse communication skill questionnaire were used to collect the data. For the intervention group, 7 spiritual intelligence training sessions were held as a workshop in 2 months. Two weeks and a month after the intervention, both groups completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed with the SPSS software version 17.0. RESULTS The findings showed that the mean communication skill scores in the intervention group before training were 44.71 ± 7.62, which significantly increased to 66.22 ± 8.43 2 weeks after training. Bonferroni multiple comparisons showed the mean communication skill scores significantly increased before, 2 weeks later and in the follow-up phase in the intervention group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Spiritual intelligence training is effective in improving the communication skills of nurses. It is recommended that the prepared content can be provided to in-service training units; consequently, nurses can improve their communication skills by individual and group learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Arad
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leyla Alilu
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hosein Habibzadeh
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Khalkhali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Inpatient's Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rasoul Goli
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Investigating the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Hope in Female Nurses of Neyshabur-Iran Hospitals in 2019. PREVENTIVE CARE IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/pcnm.12.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
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Sajadi FS, Aftabi R, Torabi-Parizi M, Adl SAM. Assessment of Mental and Spiritual Health Among Iranian Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Karimi P, Sayehmiri K, Azami M, Tardeh Z. The association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizure. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019; 34:ijamh-2019-0083. [PMID: 31301671 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Different studies have reported contradictory results regarding the relationship between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and febrile seizure (FS). The present study was conducted to determine the effect of IDA on FS in children. Patients and methods This case-control study was conducted among 52 children with FS (the case group) and 18 children with afebrile seizures and 51 children with fever without seizures in the age range of 6 months to 5 years admitted to the pediatric ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ilam from March 2016 to January 2017. Patients were selected using the convenience sampling method. Red blood cell (RBC) count as well as measurement of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), ferritin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels were performed in all patients. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. Results A total of 34.6% in the FS group, 66.7% in the afebrile seizure group and 41.2% in the fever without seizure group suffered from IDA, which was not statistically significant between the three groups. Hb, Hct and RBC levels were higher in the case group and MCV, MCH, MCHC levels in the case group were lower than those in the control group. The odds ratio (OR) for FS compared to the febrile group was 0.756 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34-1.68; p = 0.493] and that for FS compared to seizure was 0.265 (95% CI = 0.085-0.823; p = 0.022). Conclusions This study showed that IDA may have protective effects on the onset of FS, and based on the results, IDA is more common in children with afebrile seizures. Further and more comprehensive studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Karimi
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Koroush Sayehmiri
- Department of Biostatistics, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Milad Azami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tardeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, Phone: +9337416255
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