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Guo C, Wang Y, You Y, Chen M, Zhang K, Zhang S. Aminopoly(carboxylic acid)-Functionalized PolyHIPE Beads toward Eliminating Trace Heavy Metal Ions from Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6107-6117. [PMID: 38466815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Many advanced materials are designed for the removal of heavy metal ions from water. However, materials for eliminating trace heavy metal ions from wastewater to meet drinking water standards remain a major challenge. Herein, epoxy group-functionalized open-cellular beads are synthesized by UV polymerization of a water-in-oil-in-water system. The epoxy groups are further transformed into diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) with hexamethylene diamine as a bridging agent. The resulting material (DTPA@polyHIPE beads) can eliminate trace Cu(II), Cr(III), Pb(II), Fe(III), or Cd(II) from water. When 0.15 g of DTPA@polyHIPE beads are used to adsorb metal ions of 20 mg in 100 mL of water, the residue concentrations of Cu(II), Cr(III), Pb(II), Fe(III), and Cd(II) are reduced to 0.08, 0.06, 0.02, 0.09, and 0.07 mg/L, respectively. The adsorption efficiencies of the beads for these ions are all higher than 99.55%. The adsorbent is durable and exhibits good recyclability by retaining an adsorption capacity of ≥91% after 5 cycles. The negative values of ΔG in the adsorption process indicate that the adsorption is feasible and spontaneous. The chemical adsorption follows the Freundlich adsorption model, indicating a multilayer heterogeneous adsorption. The DTPA@polyHIPE beads have a great potential application in dealing with trace heavy metal ion polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yijing You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mingjun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ka Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shengmiao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Recent Advances in Pickering Double Emulsions and Potential Applications in Functional Foods: A Perspective Paper. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050992. [PMID: 36900509 PMCID: PMC10001147 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Double emulsions are complex emulsion systems with a wide range of applications across different fields, such as pharmaceutics, food and beverage, materials sciences, personal care, and dietary supplements. Conventionally, surfactants are required for the stabilization of double emulsions. However, due to the emerging need for more robust emulsion systems and the growing trends for biocompatible and biodegradable materials, Pickering double emulsions have attracted increasing interest. In comparison to double emulsions stabilized solely by surfactants, Pickering double emulsions possess enhanced stability due to the irreversible adsorption of colloidal particles at the oil/water interface, while adopting desired environmental-friendly properties. Such advantages have made Pickering double emulsions rigid templates for the preparation of various hierarchical structures and as potential encapsulation systems for the delivery of bioactive compounds. This article aims to provide an evaluation of the recent advances in Pickering double emulsions, with a special focus on the colloidal particles employed and the corresponding stabilization strategies. Emphasis is then devoted to the applications of Pickering double emulsions, from encapsulation and co-encapsulation of a wide range of active compounds to templates for the fabrication of hierarchical structures. The tailorable properties and the proposed applications of such hierarchical structures are also discussed. It is hoped that this perspective paper will serve as a useful reference on Pickering double emulsions and will provide insights toward future studies in the fabrication and applications of Pickering double emulsions.
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Ferrer J, Jiang Q, Menner A, Bismarck A. An approach for the scalable production of macroporous polymer beads. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 616:834-845. [PMID: 35248970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A tubular co-flow reactor to produce macroporous polymer beads by polymerization of medium and high internal phase emulsion (M/HIPE) templates was developed. This reactor allows for improved production rates compared to tubing based microfluidic devices. Water-in-oil (W/O) M/HIPEs, containing methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) monomers in the continuous phase, were injected into a re-circulating carrier phase. The continuous phase of the emulsion droplets was UV polymerized in situ, resulting in polyM/HIPE beads. The emulsion composition was adjusted to produce poly(MMA-co-EGDMA) porous polymer beads with a protective crust and an interconnected internal pore structure. HCl loaded beads were produced by adding the active ingredient into the dispersed emulsion phase, leading to HCl encapsulation in the porous structure of the beads after polymerization. Even after exposure to ambient conditions for 24 h, 60% of the HCl remained in the beads, indicating good encapsulation efficiencies. Thus, it is possible to use such macroporous beads as delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ferrer
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Microinstrumentation Lab, Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A1S6, Canada.
| | - Qixiang Jiang
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Menner
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Bashal AH, Khalafalla M, Abdel-Basset TA. Dielectric Properties and AC Conductivity of Chitosan-La2O3 Nanocomposite. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mravljak R, Bizjak O, Božič B, Podlogar M, Podgornik A. Flow-Through PolyHIPE Silver-Based Catalytic Reactor. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:880. [PMID: 33809358 PMCID: PMC8000888 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic reactors performing continuously are an important step towards more efficient and controllable processes compared to the batch operation mode. For this purpose, homogenous high internal phase emulsion polymer materials with an immobilized silver catalyst were prepared and used as a continuous plug flow reactor. Porous material with epoxide groups was functionalized to bear aldehyde groups which were used to reduce silver ions using Tollens reagent. Investigation of various parameters revealed that the mass of deposited silver depends on the aldehyde concentration as well as the composition of Tollens reagent. Nanoparticles formed on the pore surface showed high crystallinity with a cuboctahedra crystal shape and highly uniform surface coverage. The example of the 4-nitrophenol catalytic reduction in a continuous process was studied and demonstrated to be dependent on the mass of deposited silver. Furthermore, productivity increased with the volumetric silver density and flow rate, and it was preserved during prolonged usage and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Mravljak
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.M.); (O.B.); (B.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Ožbej Bizjak
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.M.); (O.B.); (B.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Benjamin Božič
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.M.); (O.B.); (B.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Matejka Podlogar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.M.); (O.B.); (B.B.); (M.P.)
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Podgornik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.M.); (O.B.); (B.B.); (M.P.)
- COBIK, Tovarniška 26, 5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia
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Highly porous polyelectrolyte beads through multiple-emulsion-templating: Synthesis and organic solvent drying efficiency. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhu H, Zhang M, Zhang S. Preparation of Macroporous Polymers from Microcapsule-Stabilized Pickering High Internal Phase Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9504-9512. [PMID: 31256592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to make stable water-in-oil (W/O) Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) is demonstrated using microcapsules as a stabilizer. The microcapsules are prepared with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and poly(melamine-formaldehyde) (PMF) as core and wall materials, respectively. Using these GMA-loaded PMF-walled microcapsules as a sole stabilizer of water-in-styrene/divinylbenzene HIPE, the polymerization of this HIPE causes a closed-cell porous polymer. While with the addition of a certain amount of the nonionic surfactant Span80 to the microcapsule-stabilized HIPEs, a series of open-cell porous materials are obtained. The morphologies of the porous materials are tunable with changing the microcapsules content and/or surfactant amount in the HIPE templates. When Raft polymerization is introduced to cure these HIPEs, owing to both the self-healing agent GMA within the microcapsules and the residue of the chain-transfer agent from Raft polymerization of HIPEs, the resulting porous polymers are proved to be self-repairable. This work suggests a new type of Pickering HIPE and provides a novel idea for preparing self-healing porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Shengmiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
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Zhang T, Sanguramath RA, Israel S, Silverstein MS. Emulsion Templating: Porous Polymers and Beyond. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | - Sima Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Michael S. Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Zhang S, Fan X, Zhang F, Zhu Y, Chen J. Synthesis of Emulsion-Templated Magnetic Porous Hydrogel Beads and Their Application for Catalyst of Fenton Reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3669-3677. [PMID: 29528649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The pristine Fe3O4 nanoparticle (FeNP) is supposed to be a good catalyst of Fenton processes which have shown significant potential for water purification. Herein the magnetic macroporous hydrogel beads, having an open-cell structure, were synthesized by sedimentation polymerization of pristine FeNP stabilized oil-in-water high internal phase emulsions. The effects of the FeNP amount, internal phase fraction, and the costabilizer Tween85 concentration on the structure, such as interconnecting degree, void size, and its distribution of both the surface and inner of the beads, were investigated. With a methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution passing through a chromatography column that was filled with the FeNPs loaded hydrogel beads, the efficiency of these hydrogel beads as catalyst for Fenton reaction to decompose MO in water was tested. The MO was decomposed quickly at the first hour, followed by decomposed gradually in a further 5 h, and the decomposition rate of MO could be up to 99.6% at the end of the test. Moreover, MO decomposition rate remained over 98.2% in six batches which were run in the same beads filled column. The results showed that these FeNPs loaded porous hydrogel beads were reusable and highly efficient supporter for catalysis of Fenton reaction for decomposing organic pollutants in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Xiaoxing Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Fangning Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jianding Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
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Fan X, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Chen J. Macroporous polymers prepared via frozen UV polymerization of the emulsion-templates stabilized by a low amount of surfactant. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10141-10147. [PMID: 35540858 PMCID: PMC9078717 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01000e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroporous polymers based on high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) possess tunable porous structures and device shapes, and these characteristics make it possible for it to be applied in many fields. However, such materials also demonstrate undesirable properties, such as their brittleness and chalkiness, due to a great amount of surfactant required (5.0-50.0%, relative to the external phase) to realize the transformation from HIPEs to macroporous polymers (polyHIPEs). Herein, O/W HIPEs stabilized by a small amount (as low as 0.1 wt%, relative to the external phase) of commercial surfactant were prepared by magnetic stirring and subsequently homogenizing, and well-defined polyHIPEs were obtained through frozen UV polymerization of these HIPEs. In this process, the prepared HIPE was squeezed out by an injector and frozen at once, which effectively prevented the coalescence of internal phase. Then a 365 nm UV light was utilized to initiate the polymerization and the temperature was kept at -20 °C in order to avoid the melting of the frozen HIPE. After the polymerization, samples, having a typical polyHIPE structure, were obtained. Besides, the original monomer, surfactant and the oil (internal phase) were respectively replaced, and well-defined polyHIPEs could still be obtained. All the results suggested that frozen UV polymerization of HIPEs was an effective and universal approach to produce polyHIPEs with a low amount of surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shengmiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jianding Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
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Xiao C, Zhu Y, Chen J, Zhang S. Synthesis of emulsion-templated macroporous materials via Diels-Alder polymerization. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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