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Bencurova E, Chinazzo A, Kar B, Jung M, Dandekar T. How Far Is the Nanocellulose Chip and Its Production in Reach? A Literature Survey. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1536. [PMID: 39330692 DOI: 10.3390/nano14181536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The slowdown of Moore's Law necessitates an exploration of novel computing methodologies, new materials, and advantages in chip design. Thus, carbon-based materials have promise for more energy-efficient computing systems in the future. Moreover, sustainability emerges as a new concern for the semiconductor industry. The production and recycling processes associated with current chips present huge environmental challenges. Electronic waste is a major problem, and sustainable solutions in computing must be found. In this review, we examine an alternative chip design based on nanocellulose, which also features semiconductor properties and transistors. Our review highlights that nanocellulose (NC) is a versatile material and a high-potential composite, as it can be fabricated to gain suitable electronic and semiconducting properties. NC provides ideal support for ink-printed transistors and electronics, including green paper electronics. Here, we summarise various processing procedures for nanocellulose and describe the structure of exclusively nanocellulose-based transistors. Furthermore, we survey the recent scientific efforts in organic chip design and show how fully automated production of such a full NC chip could be achieved, including a Process Design Kit (PDK), expected variation models, and a standard cell library at the logic-gate level, where multiple transistors are connected to perform basic logic operations-for instance, the NOT-AND (NAND) gate. Taking all these attractive nanocellulose features into account, we envision how chips based on nanocellulose can be fabricated using Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tool chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bencurova
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - André Chinazzo
- Microelectronic Systems Design Research Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Bipasa Kar
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Jung
- Computer Engineering, Institute for Computer Science, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Embedded Systems Engineering, Fraunhofer IESE, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Lee M, Kwak H, Eom Y, Park SA, Sakai T, Jeon H, Koo JM, Kim D, Cha C, Hwang SY, Park J, Oh DX. Network of cyano-p-aramid nanofibres creates ultrastiff and water-rich hydrospongels. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:414-423. [PMID: 38182810 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The structure-property paradox of biological tissues, in which water-rich porous structures efficiently transfer mass while remaining highly mechanically stiff, remains unsolved. Although hydrogel/sponge hybridization is the key to understanding this phenomenon, material incompatibility makes this a challenging task. Here we describe hydrogel/sponge hybrids (hydrospongels) that behave as both ultrastiff water-rich gels and reversibly squeezable sponges. The self-organizing network of cyano-p-aramid nanofibres holds approximately 5,000 times more water than its solid content. Hydrospongels, even at a water concentration exceeding 90 wt%, are hard as cartilage with an elastic modulus of 50-80 MPa, and are 10-1,000 times stiffer than typical hydrogels. They endure a compressive strain above 85% through poroelastic relaxation and hydrothermal pressure at 120 °C. This performance is produced by amphiphilic surfaces, high rigidity and an interfibrillar, interaction-driven percolating network of nanofibres. These features can inspire the development of future biofunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Lee
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojung Kwak
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Eom
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-A Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Koo
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dowan Kim
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaenyung Cha
- Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Jeon H, Son JH, Lee J, Park SB, Ju S, Oh DX, Koo JM, Park J. Preparation of a nanocellulose/nanochitin coating on a poly(lactic acid) film for improved hydrolysis resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127790. [PMID: 37926305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing concerns regarding plastic waste have prompted various attempts to replace plastic packaging films with biodegradable alternatives such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA). However, their low hydrolysis resistance owing to the presence of aliphatic polyesters limits the shelf life of biodegradable polymers. Hydrolysis leads to the deterioration of mechanical performance, which is a key disadvantage of biodegradable plastics. In this study, a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly method was used for the dip-coating of biorenewable, biodegradable nanocellulose/nanochitin on the PLA surface. Additional crosslinking and compression of the coated nanofibers, each containing carboxylic acid and amine groups, respectively, were induced through electromagnetic microwave irradiation to protect the PLA film by improving hydrolysis resistance. The coatings were examined by morphological observations and water contact angle measurements. The LBL coatings of differently charged nanofibers of 10.6 μm were reduced to 40 % after microwave treatment, and the thickness does not vary after the hydrolysis experiment. Microwave irradiation increased the water contact angle owing to amide linkage formation, thereby preventing the peeling off of coating layers. Improved hydrolysis resistance inhibited the reduction in molecular weight and tensile strength. These findings could be used to develop sustainable and biodegradable plastic packaging films with a prolonged shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hee Son
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeok Lee
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Park
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbin Ju
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Mo Koo
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea; Department of Organic Material Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea..
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Solhi L, Guccini V, Heise K, Solala I, Niinivaara E, Xu W, Mihhels K, Kröger M, Meng Z, Wohlert J, Tao H, Cranston ED, Kontturi E. Understanding Nanocellulose-Water Interactions: Turning a Detriment into an Asset. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1925-2015. [PMID: 36724185 PMCID: PMC9999435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern technology has enabled the isolation of nanocellulose from plant-based fibers, and the current trend focuses on utilizing nanocellulose in a broad range of sustainable materials applications. Water is generally seen as a detrimental component when in contact with nanocellulose-based materials, just like it is harmful for traditional cellulosic materials such as paper or cardboard. However, water is an integral component in plants, and many applications of nanocellulose already accept the presence of water or make use of it. This review gives a comprehensive account of nanocellulose-water interactions and their repercussions in all key areas of contemporary research: fundamental physical chemistry, chemical modification of nanocellulose, materials applications, and analytical methods to map the water interactions and the effect of water on a nanocellulose matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Solhi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Valentina Guccini
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Iina Solala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Elina Niinivaara
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, TurkuFI-20500, Finland
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Marcel Kröger
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Zhuojun Meng
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou325001, China
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Han Tao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
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5
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Huntington B, Pitcher ML, Sheikhi A. Nanoengineering the Redispersibility of Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:43-56. [PMID: 36469623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing the redispersibility of dried colloidal particles to yield stable dispersions after rehydration is a persistent challenge in the sustainable processing of nanocelluloses due to hydrogen bonding-induced irreversible aggregation. Programming nanocelluloses, such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), with moieties that enable colloidal repulsion after rehydration may address this challenge and contribute to the United Nation (UN)'s sustainable development goals (SDGs) of urban development and sustainable living (SDGs 9 and 11) and cradle-to-cradle processing (SDG 12). We hypothesize that imparting electrosteric repulsion to CNC via polyanionic disordered cellulose chains (hairs) protruding from each end may render the dried nanocrystals highly redispersible in aqueous media. Anionic hairy CNC (AHCNC), that is, CNC decorated with dicarboxylated cellulose (DCC) chains, were synthesized by the preferential, successive periodate/chlorite oxidation of the disordered regions of cellulose fibrils, bearing >5 mmol of carboxylate groups per gram. The colloidal properties of AHCNC were compared with those of sulfate half-ester group-functionalized CNC and TEMPO-oxidized CNC (TOCNC) after redispersion in aqueous media, followed by comparing the redispersibility of AHCNC and CNC in aqueous solutions containing monovalent or divalent cations and at varying pH. The AHCNC had remarkable aqueous redispersibility even at high ionic strengths and extreme pH. The unique redispersibility mechanism of dried AHCNC relies on the synergistic steric and electrostatic repulsion forces, recuperated upon the rehydration of DCC. This work may open new opportunities for more sustainable and cost-effective handling and processing of nanocelluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna Huntington
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States.,Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Mica L Pitcher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
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6
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Hu L, Xu W, Gustafsson J, Koppolu R, Wang Q, Rosqvist E, Sundberg A, Peltonen J, Willför S, Toivakka M, Xu C. Water-soluble polysaccharides promoting production of redispersible nanocellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:119976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Xu Y, Xu Y, Chen H, Gao M, Yue X, Ni Y. Redispersion of dried plant nanocellulose: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119830. [PMID: 35868740 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has undergone substantial development as a high value-added cellulose product with broad applications. Dried products are advantageous to decrease transportation costs. However, dried nanocellulose has redispersion challenges when rewetting. In this work, drying techniques, factors affecting redispersibility, and strategies improving the nanocellulose redispersibility are comprehensively reviewed. Hydrogen bonds of nanocellulose are unavoidably developed during drying, leading to inferior redispersibility of dried nanocellulose, even hornification. Drying processes of nanocellulose are discussed first. Then, factors affecting redispersibility are discussed. Following that, strategies improving the nanocellulose redispersibility are analyzed and their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. Surface charge modification and steric hindrance concept are two main pathways to overcome the redispersion challenge, which are mainly carried out by chemical modification, additive incorporation and non-cellulosic component preservation. Despite several advancements having been achieved, new approaches for enhancing the nanocellulose redispersibility are still required to promote the industrial-scale applications of nanocellulose in various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Minlan Gao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yue
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
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8
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Abbasi Moud A. Advanced cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) aerogels: Bottom-up assembly perspective for production of adsorbents. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1-29. [PMID: 36156339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The most common and abundant polymer in nature is the linear polysaccharide cellulose, but processing it requires a new approach since cellulose degrades before melting and does not dissolve in ordinary organic solvents. Cellulose aerogels are exceptionally porous (>90 %), have a high specific surface area, and have low bulk density (0.0085 mg/cm3), making them suitable for a variety of sophisticated applications including but not limited to adsorbents. The production of materials with different qualities from the nanocellulose based aerogels is possible thanks to the ease with which other chemicals may be included into the structure of nanocellulose based aerogels; despite processing challenges, cellulose can nevertheless be formed into useful, value-added products using a variety of traditional and cutting-edge techniques. To improve the adsorption of these aerogels, rheology, 3-D printing, surface modification, employment of metal organic frameworks, freezing temperature, and freeze casting techniques were all investigated and included. In addition to exploring venues for creation of aerogels, their integration with CNC liquid crystal formation were also explored and examined to pursue "smart adsorbent aerogels". The objective of this endeavour is to provide a concise and in-depth evaluation of recent findings about the conception and understanding of nanocellulose aerogel employing a variety of technologies and examination of intricacies involved in enhancing adsorption properties of these aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Abbasi Moud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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9
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Kim J, Bang J, Kim Y, Kim JC, Hwang SW, Yeo H, Choi IG, Kwak HW. Eco-friendly alkaline lignin/cellulose nanofiber drying system for efficient redispersion behavior. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 282:119122. [PMID: 35123761 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although nanocellulose is an eco-friendly, high-performance raw material provided by nature, the agglomeration of nanocellulose that occurs during the drying process is the biggest obstacle to its advanced materialization and commercialization. In this study, a facile and simple nanocellulose drying system was designed using lignin, which is self-assembled together with cellulose in natural wood, as an eco-friendly additive. The addition of lignin not only minimized aggregation during the drying and dehydration process of nanocellulose but also ensured excellent redispersion kinetics and stability. In addition, the added lignin could be removed through a simple washing process. Through FTIR, XRD, TGA, tensile and swelling tests, it was confirmed that the addition of lignin enabled the reversible restitution of the nanocellulose physicochemical properties to the level of pristine never-dried nanocellulose in drying, redispersion, and polymer processing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungkyu Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsik Bang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - YunJin Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Hwang
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanmyeong Yeo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Won Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Surface-modified and oven-dried microfibrillated cellulose reinforced biocomposites: Cellulose network enabled high performance. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117525. [PMID: 33483046 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) is widely used as a reinforcement filler for biocomposites due to its unique properties. However, the challenge of drying MFC and the incompatibility between nanocellulose and polymer matrix still limits the mechanical performance of MFC-reinforced biocomposites. In this study, we used a water-based transesterification reaction to functionalize MFC and explored the capability of oven-dried MFC as a reinforcement filler for polylactic acid (PLA). Remarkably, this oven-dried, vinyl laurate-modified MFC improved the tensile strength by 38 % and Young's modulus by 71 % compared with neat PLA. Our results suggested improved compatibility and dispersion of the fibrils in PLA after modification. This study demonstrated that scalable water-based surface modification and subsequent straightforward oven drying could be a facile method for effectively drying cellulose nanomaterials. The method helps significantly disperse fibrils in polymers and enhances the mechanical properties of microfibrillar cellulose-reinforced biocomposites.
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11
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Sharip NS, Ariffin H, Yasim-Anuar TAT, Andou Y, Shirosaki Y, Jawaid M, Tahir PM, Ibrahim NA. Melt- vs. Non-Melt Blending of Complexly Processable Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Cellulose Nanofiber Bionanocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030404. [PMID: 33513876 PMCID: PMC7865645 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The major hurdle in melt-processing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) nanocomposite lies on the high melt viscosity of the UHMWPE, which may contribute to poor dispersion and distribution of the nanofiller. In this study, UHMWPE/cellulose nanofiber (UHMWPE/CNF) bionanocomposites were prepared by two different blending methods: (i) melt blending at 150 °C in a triple screw kneading extruder, and (ii) non-melt blending by ethanol mixing at room temperature. Results showed that melt-processing of UHMWPE without CNF (MB-UHMWPE/0) exhibited an increment in yield strength and Young’s modulus by 15% and 25%, respectively, compared to the Neat-UHMWPE. Tensile strength was however reduced by almost half. Ethanol mixed sample without CNF (EM-UHMWPE/0) on the other hand showed slight decrement in all mechanical properties tested. At 0.5% CNF inclusion, the mechanical properties of melt-blended bionanocomposites (MB-UHMWPE/0.5) were improved as compared to Neat-UHMWPE. It was also found that the yield strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, toughness and crystallinity of MB-UHMWPE/0.5 were higher by 28%, 61%, 47%, 45% and 11%, respectively, as compared to the ethanol mixing sample (EM-UHMWPE/0.5). Despite the reduction in tensile strength of MB-UHMWPE/0.5, the value i.e., 28.4 ± 1.0 MPa surpassed the minimum requirement of standard specification for fabricated UHMWPE in surgical implant application. Overall, melt-blending processing is more suitable for the preparation of UHMWPE/CNF bionanocomposites as exhibited by their characteristics presented herein. A better mechanical interlocking between UHMWPE and CNF at high temperature mixing with kneading was evident through FE-SEM observation, explains the higher mechanical properties of MB-UHMWPE/0.5 as compared to EM-UHMWPE/0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Sharmila Sharip
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (M.J.); (P.M.T.)
| | - Hidayah Ariffin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (M.J.); (P.M.T.)
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9769-7515
| | - Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Yoshito Andou
- Department of Biological Functions and Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan;
| | - Yuki Shirosaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan;
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (M.J.); (P.M.T.)
| | - Paridah Md Tahir
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (M.J.); (P.M.T.)
| | - Nor Azowa Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
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Electrospun cellulose Nano fibril reinforced PLA/PBS composite scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nguyen HL, Hanif Z, Park SA, Choi BG, Tran TH, Hwang DS, Park J, Hwang SY, Oh DX. Sustainable Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Reinforced Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film with Oxygen Barrier without the Cost of Color and Cytotoxicity. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E501. [PMID: 30966535 PMCID: PMC6415411 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces a boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS)-reinforced cellulose nanofiber (CNF) film as a sustainable oxygen barrier film that can potentially be applied in food packaging. Most commodity plastics are oxygen-permeable. CNF exhibits an ideal oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of <1 cc/m²/day in highly controlled conditions. A CNF film typically fabricated by the air drying of a CNF aqueous solution reveals an OTR of 19.08 cc/m²/day. The addition of 0⁻5 wt % BNNS to the CNF dispersion before drying results in a composite film with highly improved OTR of 4.7 cc/m²/day, which is sufficient for meat and cheese packaging. BNNS as a 2D nanomaterial increases the pathway of oxygen gas and reduces the chances of pinhole formation during film fabrication involving water drying. In addition, BNNS improves the mechanical properties of the CNF films (Young's modulus and tensile strength) without significant elongation reductions, probably due to the good miscibility of CNF and BNNS in the aqueous solution. Addition of BNNS also produces negligible color change, which is important for film aesthetics. An in vitro cell experiment was performed to reveal the low cytotoxicity of the CNF/BNNS composite. This composite film has great potential as a sustainable high-performance food-packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Linh Nguyen
- Research Center for Bio-based chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
- Division of Environmental Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.
| | - Zahid Hanif
- Research Center for Bio-based chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
| | - Seul-A Park
- Research Center for Bio-based chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
| | - Bong Gill Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Ganwan-do, Samcheok 25913, Korea.
| | - Thang Hong Tran
- Research Center for Bio-based chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-based chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Research Center for Bio-based chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-based chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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