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Ahmed R, Saad Hassan G, Scott T, Bakr M. Assessment of Five Concrete Types as Candidate Shielding Materials for a Compact Radiation Source Based on the IECF. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2845. [PMID: 37049139 PMCID: PMC10096034 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A radiation source based on the inertial electrostatic confinement fusion (IECF) system is being developed for multidisciplinary research applications. The radiation outputs from the IECF system are 2.45 MeV fast neutrons and the associated co-generated X-rays with an energy less than 3 MeV. A radiation shielding study has been performed on five types of concrete to define the most efficient material for the shielding design of the system. The proposed materials were ilmenite-magnetite concrete (IMC), ordinary concrete-1 (OC-1), barite-containing concrete (BC), ordinary concrete-2 (OC-2), and serpentine-containing concrete (SC). A numerical model was applied to determine the effective removal cross-section coefficients (∑Rt) for the fast neutrons and the total mass attenuation coefficients (µm), the half-value layer (HVL), the mean free path (MFP), the effective atomic number (Zeff), and effective electron density (Neff) for photons inside the materials. The model considered the radiation source energy and the material properties of the concrete types. The results revealed that the serpentine-containing concrete exhibited the highest ∑Rt with 12 cm of concrete thickness needed to attenuate an incident neutron flux to 1/100 of its initial value. In addition, the BC shows the highest µm with a 38 cm concrete thickness needed to attenuate the 3 MeV energy X-ray flux to 1/100 of its initial value. This study suggests that a 40 cm thickness of SC or BC adequately shields the radiation generated from an IECF system with a maximum particle production rate of up to 1 × 107 n/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawheya Ahmed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Galal Saad Hassan
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Thomas Scott
- Southwest Nuclear Hub, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Mahmoud Bakr
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
- Southwest Nuclear Hub, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
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Khalid A, Ahmad P, Muhammad S, Khan A, Khandaker MU, Alam MM, Asim M, Din IU, Iqbal J, Rehman IU, Razzaq Z, Pandian S, Sharma R, Emran TB, Sayyed MI, Aldawood S, Sulieman A. Synthesis of Boron-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanosheets by Using Phyllanthus Emblica Leaf Extract: A Sustainable Environmental Applications. Front Chem 2022; 10:930620. [PMID: 35903193 PMCID: PMC9314885 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.930620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Phyllanthus emblica (gooseberry) leaf extract to synthesize Boron-doped zinc oxide nanosheets (B-doped ZnO-NSs) is deliberated in this article. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows a network of synthesized nanosheets randomly aligned side by side in a B-doped ZnO (15 wt% B) sample. The thickness of B-doped ZnO-NSs is in the range of 20–80 nm. B-doped ZnO-NSs were tested against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. Against gram-negative bacterium (K. pneumonia and E. coli), B-doped ZnO displays enhanced antibacterial activity with 26 and 24 mm of inhibition zone, respectively. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL), and tenth value layer (TVL) of B-doped ZnO were investigated as aspects linked to radiation shielding. These observations were carried out by using a PTW® electron detector and VARIAN® irradiation with 6 MeV electrons. The results of these experiments can be used to learn more about the radiation shielding properties of B-doped ZnO nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Khalid
- Department of Physics, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Pervaiz Ahmad
- Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Pervaiz Ahmad, ; Mayeen Uddin Khandaker,
| | - Saleh Muhammad
- Department of Physics, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Abdulhameed Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Center for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Pervaiz Ahmad, ; Mayeen Uddin Khandaker,
| | - Md Mottahir Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Asim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israf Ud Din
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibad Ur Rehman
- Department of Physics, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Razzaq
- Department of Physics, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Sivakumar Pandian
- School of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. I. Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Saad Aldawood
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelmoneim Sulieman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Tuğrul T, Eroğul O. Analysis of water-equivalent materials used during irradiation in the clinic with XCOM and BEAMnrc. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2019.1708576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylan Tuğrul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medicine Faculty of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, TURKEY
| | - Osman Eroğul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, TURKEY
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Agar O. Study on gamma ray shielding performance of concretes doped with natural sepiolite mineral. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2018-2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gamma ray attenuation coefficients for various concrete types containing natural sepiolite mineral and B4C have been experimentally investigated at different gamma energies. In order to obtain the gamma rays, the four radioactive point-isotropic sources 133Ba, 137Cs, 60Co and 22Na which energies ranged from 80.9 to 1332.5 keV have been utilized. The measurements have been carried out by using HPGe detector and MCA equipped with a personal computer. The morphological structure and elemental compositions of the concretes have been measured with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. Linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mass attenuation coefficient (μ
m
), half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) have been calculated for all concretes. The obtained results have been compared to the other materials such as Pb and Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Agar
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Department of Physics , Karaman , Turkey
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Eke C, Agar O, Segebade C, Boztosun I. Attenuation properties of radiation shielding materials such as granite and marble against γ-ray energies between 80 and 1350 keV. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2016-2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, the γ-ray energy-dependent mass and linear attenuation coefficients of various granite and Turkish marble species have been experimentally obtained. Radionuclides (133Ba, 137Cs, 60Co and 22Na) with point geometry were used as γ-ray sources. The absorption capacity of each sample at nine γ-ray energies was measured using a high resolution γ-ray spectrometer equipped with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. To obtain the precision of the results (1σ standard deviation of the single value), this procedure was repeated six times for each species of granite and marble, respectively. The energy-dependent mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), the half (HVL) and the tenth value layer (TVL) were calculated following that the MAC and LAC results were compared to the literature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canel Eke
- Akdeniz University, Nuclear Sciences Application and Research Center , 07058, Antalya , Turkey
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Education , Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Division of Physics Education , 07058, Antalya , Turkey
| | - Osman Agar
- Akdeniz University, Nuclear Sciences Application and Research Center , 07058, Antalya , Turkey
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Kamil Ozdag Faculty of Science , Department of Physics , 70100, Karaman , Turkey
| | - Christian Segebade
- Akdeniz University, Nuclear Sciences Application and Research Center , 07058, Antalya , Turkey
| | - Ismail Boztosun
- Akdeniz University, Nuclear Sciences Application and Research Center , 07058, Antalya , Turkey
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science , Department of Physics , 07058, Antalya , Turkey
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