1
|
Kulminskaya N, Radler C, Viertlmayr R, Heier C, Hofer P, Colaço-Gaspar M, Owens RJ, Zimmermann R, Schreiber R, Zechner R, Oberer M. Optimized expression and purification of adipose triglyceride lipase improved hydrolytic and transacylation activities in vitro. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101206. [PMID: 34543623 PMCID: PMC8506970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) plays a key role in intracellular lipolysis, the mobilization of stored triacylglycerol. This work provides an important basis for generating reproducible and detailed data on the hydrolytic and transacylation activities of ATGL. We generated full-length and C-terminally truncated ATGL variants fused with various affinity tags and analyzed their expression in different hosts, namely E.coli, the insect cell line Sf9, and the mammalian cell line human embryonic kidney 293T. Based on this screen, we expressed a fusion protein of ATGL covering residues M1-D288 flanked with N-terminal and C-terminal purification tags. Using these fusions, we identified key steps in expression and purification protocols, including production in the E. coli strain ArcticExpress (DE3) and removal of copurified chaperones. The resulting purified ATGL variant demonstrated improved lipolytic activity compared with previously published data, and it could be stimulated by the coactivator protein comparative gene identification-58 and inhibited by the protein G0/G1 switch protein 2. Shock freezing and storage did not affect the basal activity but reduced coactivation of ATGL by comparative gene identification 58. In vitro, the truncated ATGL variant demonstrated acyl-CoA-independent transacylation activity when diacylglycerol was offered as substrate, resulting in the formation of fatty acid as well as triacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol. However, the ATGL variant showed neither hydrolytic activity nor transacylation activity upon offering of monoacylglycerol as substrate. To understand the role of ATGL in different physiological contexts, it is critical for future studies to identify all its different functions and to determine under what conditions these activities occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Radler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Viertlmayr
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Raymond J Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, The Welcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria; BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria; BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria; BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gil RB, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD, Markoska K, Schepers E, Vanholder R, Glorieux G, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Heinzmann SS. Increased urinary osmolyte excretion indicates chronic kidney disease severity and progression rate. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 33:2156-2164. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Gil
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environment Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Eva Schepers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environment Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University Munich, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Silke S Heinzmann
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environment Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lea WA, O'Neil PT, Machen AJ, Naik S, Chaudhri T, McGinn-Straub W, Tischer A, Auton MT, Burns JR, Baldwin MR, Khar KR, Karanicolas J, Fisher MT. Chaperonin-Based Biolayer Interferometry To Assess the Kinetic Stability of Metastable, Aggregation-Prone Proteins. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4885-908. [PMID: 27505032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stabilizing the folded state of metastable and/or aggregation-prone proteins through exogenous ligand binding is an appealing strategy for decreasing disease pathologies caused by protein folding defects or deleterious kinetic transitions. Current methods of examining binding of a ligand to these marginally stable native states are limited because protein aggregation typically interferes with analysis. Here, we describe a rapid method for assessing the kinetic stability of folded proteins and monitoring the effects of ligand stabilization for both intrinsically stable proteins (monomers, oligomers, and multidomain proteins) and metastable proteins (e.g., low Tm) that uses a new GroEL chaperonin-based biolayer interferometry (BLI) denaturant pulse platform. A kinetically controlled denaturation isotherm is generated by exposing a target protein, immobilized on a BLI biosensor, to increasing denaturant concentrations (urea or GuHCl) in a pulsatile manner to induce partial or complete unfolding of the attached protein population. Following the rapid removal of the denaturant, the extent of hydrophobic unfolded/partially folded species that remains is detected by an increased level of GroEL binding. Because this kinetic denaturant pulse is brief, the amplitude of binding of GroEL to the immobilized protein depends on the duration of the exposure to the denaturant, the concentration of the denaturant, wash times, and the underlying protein unfolding-refolding kinetics; fixing all other parameters and plotting the GroEL binding amplitude versus denaturant pulse concentration result in a kinetically controlled denaturation isotherm. When folding osmolytes or stabilizing ligands are added to the immobilized target proteins before and during the denaturant pulse, the diminished population of unfolded/partially folded protein manifests as a decreased level of GroEL binding and/or a marked shift in these kinetically controlled denaturation profiles to higher denaturant concentrations. This particular platform approach can be used to identify small molecules and/or solution conditions that can stabilize or destabilize thermally stable proteins, multidomain proteins, oligomeric proteins, and, most importantly, aggregation-prone metastable proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Lea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Pierce T O'Neil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Alexandra J Machen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Subhashchandra Naik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | | | - Wesley McGinn-Straub
- fortéBIO (a division of Pall Life Sciences) , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alexander Tischer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Matthew T Auton
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Joshua R Burns
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Michael R Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Karen R Khar
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - John Karanicolas
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Mark T Fisher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fonin AV, Uversky VN, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK. Protein folding and stability in the presence of osmolytes. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350916020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
5
|
Dutta AK, Ramnath, Dkhar B, Tandon V, Das B. Cloning and expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from a cestode parasite and its solubilization from inclusion bodies using l-arginine. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 125:61-7. [PMID: 26363119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is an essential regulatory enzyme of glycolysis in the cestode parasite, Raillietina echinobothrida, and is considered a potential target for anthelmintic action because of its differential activity from that of its avian host. However, due to the unavailability of its structure, the mechanism of regulation of PEPCK from R. echinobothrida (rePEPCK) and its interaction with possible modulators remain unclear. Hence, in this study, the rePEPCK gene was cloned into pGEX-4T-3 and overexpressed for its characterization. On being induced by IPTG, the recombinant rePEPCK was expressed as inclusion bodies (IBs); hence, various agents, like different inducer concentrations, temperature, time, host cell types, culture media, pH, and additives, were used to bring the protein to soluble form. Finally, a significant amount (∼46%) of rePEPCK was solubilized from IBs by adding 2M l-arginine. Near-UV circular dichroism spectra analysis indicated that l-arginine (2M) had no effect on the conformation of the protein. In this study, we have reported a yield of ∼73mg of purified rePEPCK per 1L of culture. The purified rePEPCK retained its biological activity, and Km of the enzyme for its substrate was determined and discussed. The availability of recombinant rePEPCK may help in biochemical- and biophysical-studies to explore its molecular mechanisms and regulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asim K Dutta
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Ramnath
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Barilin Dkhar
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Veena Tandon
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Bidyadhar Das
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Correia AR, Naik S, Fisher MT, Gomes CM. Probing the kinetic stabilities of Friedreich's ataxia clinical variants using a solid phase GroEL chaperonin capture platform. Biomolecules 2014; 4:956-79. [PMID: 25333765 PMCID: PMC4279165 DOI: 10.3390/biom4040956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous human diseases are caused by protein folding defects where the protein may become more susceptible to degradation or aggregation. Aberrant protein folding can affect the kinetic stability of the proteins even if these proteins appear to be soluble in vivo. Experimental discrimination between functional properly folded and misfolded nonfunctional conformers is not always straightforward at near physiological conditions. The differences in the kinetic behavior of two initially folded frataxin clinical variants were examined using a high affinity chaperonin kinetic trap approach at 25 °C. The kinetically stable wild type frataxin (FXN) shows no visible partitioning onto the chaperonin. In contrast, the clinical variants FXN-p.Asp122Tyr and FXN-p.Ile154Phe kinetically populate partial folded forms that tightly bind the GroEL chaperonin platform. The initially soluble FXN-p.Ile154Phe variant partitions onto GroEL more rapidly and is more kinetically liable. These differences in kinetic stability were confirmed using differential scanning fluorimetry. The kinetic and aggregation stability differences of these variants may lead to the distinct functional impairments described in Friedreich's ataxia, the neurodegenerative disease associated to frataxin functional deficiency. This chaperonin platform approach may be useful for identifying small molecule stabilizers since stabilizing ligands to frataxin variants should lead to a concomitant decrease in chaperonin binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Correia
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, Oeiras 2784-505, Portugal.
| | - Subhashchandra Naik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center (HLSIC), University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Mark T Fisher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hemenway Life Sciences Innovation Center (HLSIC), University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Cláudio M Gomes
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, Oeiras 2784-505, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Naik S, Zhang N, Gao P, Fisher MT. On the design of broad based screening assays to identify potential pharmacological chaperones of protein misfolding diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 2012; 12:2504-22. [PMID: 23339304 PMCID: PMC3751797 DOI: 10.2174/1568026611212220006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Correcting aberrant folds that develop during protein folding disease states is now an active research endeavor that is attracting increasing attention from both academic and industrial circles. One particular approach focuses on developing or identifying small molecule correctors or pharmacological chaperones that specifically stabilize the native fold. Unfortunately, the limited screening platforms available to rapidly identify or validate potential drug candidates are usually inadequate or slow because the folding disease proteins in question are often transiently folded and/or aggregation-prone, complicating and/or interfering with the assay outcomes. In this review, we outline and discuss the numerous platform options currently being employed to identify small molecule therapeutics for folding diseases. Finally, we describe a new stability screening approach that is broad based and is easily applicable toward a very large number of both common and rare protein folding diseases. The label free screening method described herein couples the promiscuity of the GroEL binding to transient aggregation-prone hydrophobic folds with surface plasmon resonance enabling one to rapidly identify potential small molecule pharmacological chaperones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhashchandra Naik
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Kansas City KS, USA
| | - Na Zhang
- University of Kansas, Protein Production Facility, Lawrence KS, USA
| | - Phillip Gao
- University of Kansas, Protein Production Facility, Lawrence KS, USA
| | - Mark T. Fisher
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Kansas City KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin J, Wilson MA. Escherichia coli thioredoxin-like protein YbbN contains an atypical tetratricopeptide repeat motif and is a negative regulator of GroEL. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:19459-69. [PMID: 21498507 PMCID: PMC3103325 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.238741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins contain a thioredoxin (Trx)-like domain fused with one or more partner domains that diversify protein function by the modular construction of new molecules. The Escherichia coli protein YbbN is a Trx-like protein that contains a C-terminal domain with low homology to tetratricopeptide repeat motifs. YbbN has been proposed to act as a chaperone or co-chaperone that aids in heat stress response and DNA synthesis. We report the crystal structure of YbbN, which is an elongated molecule with a mobile Trx domain and four atypical tetratricopeptide repeat motifs. The Trx domain lacks a canonical CXXC active site architecture and is not a functional oxidoreductase. A variety of proteins in E. coli interact with YbbN, including multiple ribosomal protein subunits and a strong interaction with GroEL. YbbN acts as a mild inhibitor of GroESL chaperonin function and ATPase activity, suggesting that it is a negative regulator of the GroESL system. Combined with previous observations that YbbN enhances the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE chaperone system, we propose that YbbN coordinately regulates the activities of these two prokaryotic chaperones, thereby helping to direct client protein traffic initially to DnaK. Therefore, YbbN may play a role in integrating the activities of different chaperone pathways in E. coli and related bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiusheng Lin
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0664
| | - Mark A. Wilson
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0664
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Naik S, Haque I, Degner N, Kornilayev B, Bomhoff G, Hodges J, Khorassani AA, Katayama H, Morris J, Kelly J, Seed J, Fisher MT. Identifying protein stabilizing ligands using GroEL. Biopolymers 2010; 93:237-51. [PMID: 19802819 PMCID: PMC2805906 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 5 years, it has become increasingly apparent to researchers that the initial promise and excitement of using gene replacement therapies to ameliorate folding diseases are still far from being broadly or easily applicable. Because a large number of human diseases are protein folding diseases (approximately 30 to 50%), many researchers now realize that more directed approaches to target and reverse the fundamental misfolding reactions preceding disease are highly feasible and offer the potential of developing more targeted drug therapies. This is also true with a large number of so called orphan protein folding diseases. The development of a broad-based general screening array method using the chaperonin as a detection platform will enable us to screen large chemical combinatorial libraries for specific ligands against the elusive transient, primary reactions that often lead to protein misfolding. This development will provide a highly desirable tool for the pharmaceutical, academic, and medical professions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhashchandra Naik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|