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Tang G, Ding G, Wu G, Wang X, Wang T, Zou Q, Sun K, Wu J. Low expression of PRRG2 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma: an immune infiltration-associated prognostic biomarker. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:9. [PMID: 38227081 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the prognostic significance of Proline-rich γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein 2 (PRRG2) in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC), a prevalent and deadly cancer, and its association with immune cell infiltration, a key strategy in developing effective biomarkers. METHODS The study meticulously elucidated the prognostic significance and potential role of PRRG2 in KIRC, correlating its expression with patient sex, age, metastasis, and pathological stage. Utilizing Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), the involvement of PRRG2 in immune response was investigated. The association between PRRG2 expression and immune cell infiltration was also scrutinized. Ultimately, cellular and tissue identity were confirmed via immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The study elucidates a notable decrease in PRRG2 expression in KIRC patients, correlating with demographic factors, metastasis, and pathological staging, and portending an unfavorable prognosis. Bioinformatic analyses underscore PRRG2's role in immune response, with its expression significantly tied to immune cell infiltration and marker expression. CONCLUSION PRRG2 may potentially impact prognosis in KIRC patients by regulating immune infiltration, thus rendering PRRG2 a promising candidate prognostic biomarker for KIRC-associated immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonglin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Guixin Ding
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Qingsong Zou
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Urology Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Jitao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
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Yao Q, Wang C, Wang Y, Xiang W, Chen Y, Zhou Q, Chen J, Jiang H, Chen D. STXBP3 and GOT2 predict immunological activity in acute allograft rejection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025681. [PMID: 36532048 PMCID: PMC9751189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute allograft rejection (AR) following renal transplantation contributes to chronic rejection and allograft dysfunction. The current diagnosis of AR remains dependent on renal allograft biopsy which cannot immediately detect renal allograft injury in the presence of AR. In this study, sensitive biomarkers for AR diagnosis were investigated and developed to protect renal function. Methods We analyzed pre- and postoperative data from five databases combined with our own data to identify the key differently expressed genes (DEGs). Furthermore, we performed a bioinformatics analysis to determine the immune characteristics of DEGs. The expression of key DEGs was further confirmed using the real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in patients with AR. ROC curves analysis was used to estimate the performance of key DEGs in the early diagnosis of AR. Results We identified glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2) and syntaxin binding protein 3 (STXBP3) as key DEGs. The higher expression of STXBP3 and GOT2 in patients with AR was confirmed using RT-qPCR, ELISA, and IHC staining. ROC curve analysis also showed favorable values of STXBP3 and GOT2 for the diagnosis of early stage AR. Conclusions STXBP3 and GOT2 could reflect the immunological status of patients with AR and have strong potential for the diagnosis of early-stage AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfan Yao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuili Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Xiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Dajin Chen, ; Hong Jiang,
| | - Dajin Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Dajin Chen, ; Hong Jiang,
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Silva GL, Junta CM, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Donadi EA, Louzada-Junior P, Passos GAS. Genetic susceptibility loci in rheumatoid arthritis establish transcriptional regulatory networks with other genes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1173:521-37. [PMID: 19758195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Linkage studies have identified the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 as a putative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility locus (SL). Nevertheless, it was estimated that its contribution was partial, suggesting that other non-HLA genes may play a role in RA susceptibility. To test this hypothesis, we conducted microarray transcription profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 15 RA patients and analyzed the data, using bioinformatics programs (significance analysis of microarrays method and GeneNetwork), which allowed us to determine the differentially expressed genes and to reconstruct transcriptional networks. The patients were grouped according to disease features or treatment with tumor necrosis factor blocker. Transcriptional networks that were reconstructed allowed us to identify the interactions occurring between RA SL and other genes, for example, HLA-DRB1 interacting with FNDC3A (fibronectin type III domain containing 3A). Given that fibronectin fragments can stimulate mediators of matrix and cartilage destruction in RA, this interaction is of special interest and may contribute to a clearer understanding of the functional role of HLA-DRB1 in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Liberato Silva
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Li X, Yu M, Zhu M. Innate immune signaling pathways in animals: beyond reductionism. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 28:207-38. [PMID: 19811322 DOI: 10.1080/08830180902839777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the stability and equilibrium of the internal environment in living organisms. The field of animal innate immunity has been the global focus of immunological research for decades. It is now known that the functions of innate immunity inevitably rely on the action of the molecular machines of the cascades or network of immune signaling pathways. Up to date, many researches on the immune signaling pathways in animals were focused on identifying the component functions or cascade molecules in details, which essentially followed a reductionist paradigm without paying high attention to the integrated features. The main purpose of this article was dedicated to accentuating the shift of this field from a reductionist to a systemic view. First, the former part of this article made efforts to summarize the main aspects of the signaling pathways of animal innate immunity including the web resources, the recapitulation of highlighted pathways, the cross-talks, and the evolutionary considerations, which heavily emphasized the integrated characteristics of the immune signaling pathways. Subsequently, the later part of this article was based on the holistic feature of the immune signaling pathways, mainly dedicated to propose a novel hypothesis. From a whole perspective, the oscillating balance hypothesis was deliberately formulated to characterize the holistic pattern of the signaling transduction network of animal innate immune system, which might help to understand some immunological phenomena through the integral principle of the immune network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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Macedo C, Evangelista AF, Magalhães DA, Fornari TA, Linhares LL, Junta CM, Silva GL, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Donadi EA, Savino W, Passos GAS. Evidence for a network transcriptional control of promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:3240-4. [PMID: 19720399 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The expression of peripheral tissue antigens (PTAs) in the thymus by medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) is essential for the central self-tolerance in the generation of the T cell repertoire. Due to heterogeneity of autoantigen representation, this phenomenon has been termed promiscuous gene expression (PGE), in which the autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene plays a key role as a transcription factor in part of these genes. Here we used a microarray strategy to access PGE in cultured murine CD80(+) 3.10 mTEC line. Hierarchical clustering of the data allowed observation that PTA genes were differentially expressed being possible to found their respective induced or repressed mRNAs. To further investigate the control of PGE, we tested the hypothesis that genes involved in this phenomenon might also be modulated by transcriptional network. We then reconstructed such network based on the microarray expression data, featuring the guanylate cyclase 2d (Gucy2d) gene as a main node. In such condition, we established 167 positive and negative interactions with downstream PTA genes. Silencing Aire by RNA interference, Gucy2d while down regulated established a larger number (355) of interactions with PTA genes. T- and G-boxes corresponding to AIRE protein binding sites located upstream to ATG codon of Gucy2d supports this effect. These findings provide evidence that Aire plays a role in association with Gucy2d, which is connected to several PTA genes and establishes a cascade-like transcriptional control of promiscuous gene expression in mTEC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Macedo
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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